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also in ohms.
(b) Draw and explain phasor diagram of single phase auto
transformer. (Step-up).
ry
I ry
ry
Tertiary shorted, II excited: 30V, 125A, 815W.
The ratings of
ry
II
ry
O.C Test:
10 MVA,
33 KV
Secondary:
5 MVA,
11 KV
Tertiary:
5 MVA,
3.3 KV
yY Y
in 3-
following points:
(i) Severety
(ii) Doubling effect
(iii) Time constant
diagram.
Connection
(ii) /Y
Connection
. (a) List phase grouping of three phase transformers. What are uses
of phase group? Draw winding connection diagram for Yd11 and
8
Yd1 group.
UNIT-2
(b) How Scott connection are used to obtain two phase supply from
three phase supply mains.
respectively.
Find:
(i)
(ii)
to closed delta.
(b) Two 110 V, single phase furnaces take load of 500 kW & 800 kW
respectively, at a power factor of 0.71 lagging & are supplied from
6600 V, three phase mains through a scott connected transformer
combination. Calculate currents in 3 phase lines & also draw the
phasor diagram.
(c) Describe the Sumpners test with neat circuit diagram. Two
similar 40 KVA, single phase transformers gave the following results
when tested by the back to back test method, W1 in supply line
measures 800 W, W2 in the secondary series circuit at rated current
measures 1000 W. Calculate the efficiency of each transformer at
full load unity power factor.
(d) Two single phase transformers, one of 1000 KVA & other of 500
KVA are connected in parallel to the same bus-bars on the primary
side; their no-load secondary voltages being 500 V and 510,
is 480 V.
(d) Two transformers A and B ratings 500 KVA and 250 KVA are
supplying a load of 750 KVA at 0.8 p.f. lagging. Their open circuit
voltages are 405 V and 415 V respectively. Transformer A has p.u.
resistance of 0.01 pu and 0.05 p.u reactance. Transformer B has
0.015 p.u . resistance and 0.04 pu reactance.
Find circulating current.
(b) Three two winding transformers of equal voltage ratio have the
following leakage impedances.
Transformer T1:
Transformer T2:
Transformer T3:
3. Two single phase transformer one of 100 kVA and other of 50 kVA
are connected in parallel to the same bus bar of the primary side,
their no load secondary voltages are 1000 V and 950 V
respectively. Their resistances are 1.5% and 2.0% respectively and
their reactances are 8% and 6% respectively. Calculate the no-load
circulating current in the secondaries.
(c) The full load copper loss and iron loss of a transformer are 920
watt and 430 watt respectively. Calculate:
(i) Loading of the transformer at which efficiency is maximum.
(ii) What would be losses for giving maximum efficiency at 0.85
of full load, its
Total full load losses are unchanged?
connection.
(c) Describe the open delta connection of transformer and show that
two transformer in open delta can be used to supply three phase
power. Also explain the VA rating of open delta as compared to
7
closed delta.
(d) Two transformers of same voltage ratio rated at 315 MVA each
are connected in parallel to supply a load of 700 MBA at 0.8 p.f.
lagging. The per phase resistance and per phase reactance of first
transformer are 2% and 11% respectively and of second transformer
are 5% and 12% respectively. Calculate the load shared by each
7
transformer.
: 214
171
128.4
85.6
f (Hz)
: 50
40
30
20
pin (W)
: 100
72.5
50
30
magnetizing current.
(b) (i) In back to back test, one transformer may have more
temperature rise than other. Explain:
(ii) How will you separate the no load loss of transformer into its
components?
(c) Two single phase transformers have kVA ratings of 200 kVA 100
kVA. The equivalent impedance of transformer having 200 kVA
rating is Z = 1+j5 ohms while equivalent reactance of other is 10 .
What should be equivalent resistance of 100 kVA transformer if
each transformer is to supply the load in proportion to its kVA
rating when operated in parallel?
Q.2. (a) How Scott connections are used to obtain two phase supply
from three phase supply mains?
(b) Two electric furnaces are supplied with single phase current at
80 V from 3 a phase. 11000 V system by means of two single phase
Scott connected transformers with similar secondary windings.
When the load on the main transformer is 800 kW and on the
teaser transformer is 500 kW, determine the currents in the three
phase lines at 0.5 pf lagging.
(c) Describe the operation of on load tap changer in 3 phase
transformer.
UNIT-3
(b) Explain Armature reaction in a d.c. machine. Explain how the
7
(c) 250 V shunt motor on no-load runs at 1000 rpm and takes 5
amp. Armature and shunt field resistances are 0.2 and 250
respectively. Calculate the speed when loaded taking a current of
50 amp. The armature reaction weakens the field by 3%.
improve it.
(d) The brushes of a certain lap connected 400 kW, 6-pole generator
are given a lead of 180 electrical. Calculate:
(i) The demagnetizing ampere-turns.
(ii) The cross magnetizing ampere-turns.
(d) A 4-pole. 220V, dc shut motor has 540 lap would connected
conductors. It takes 32A from supply mains and has an output of
5.6 kW, the field winding takes 1A. The armature resistance is 0.9
and flux per pole is 0.03 Wb. Calculate:
Explain
how
good
commutation
is
achieved
by
(c) A 6-pole lap wound dc generator has 240 coils of 2 turns each.
Resistance of one turn is 0.03 ohm. The armature is 50 cm long
and 40 cm diameter. Air gap flux density of 0.6 T is uniform over
the pole shoe. Each pole subtends an angle of 40
mechanical.
For armature speed of 1200 rpm find (i) generated emf at no load
and (ii) the terminal voltage at full load armature current of 40 A.
(d)
What
do
you
understand
by
demagnetizing
and
cross
2 I a /a
;
Tc
Ia
where
a
Tc
4. A 22.38 kW, 440 V, 4 pole, wave wound d.c. shunt motor has 840
armature conductors and 140 commutator segments. Its full load
efficiency is 88% and the shunt field current is 1.8 A. If the brushes
are shifted backward through 1.5 segments from the geometrical
(d) A 6-pole lap wound shunt motor has 500 conductor in the
armature path is of 0.05 . The resistance of the shunt field is 25
. Find the speed of motor when it takes 120 amperes from d.c.
source of 100 V supply. Flux per pole is 20 m Wb.
(b) Derive the expression for the torque in a d.c. machine using BIL
7
approach.
commutation.
(c) What is armature reaction? What are its effects? How will you
7
(d) A 220 V, dc shunt motor runs at 500 rpm. When the armature
current is 50 A, calculate the speed if the torque is doubled.
Given that
Ra=
0.2 .
(b) An eight pole d.c. generator has 480 armature conductor with
wave winding. The armature current is 200 A. Find the armature
reaction demagnetizing and cross magnetizing ampere turns if (i)
brushes are on geometric neutral plane (gnp) (ii) brushes are shifted
by 6 electrical from gnp.
UNIT-4
(b) What is the need of starter? Explain the three point starter with
all protecting devices.
(d) A 240 V, 50 Amp, 800 rpm, d.c. shunt motor has armature
circuit resistance of 0.2. If load torque is reduced to 60% of its full
load value and a resistance of 2 is inserted in series with
armature circuit, find the motor speed. Armature reaction weakes
the field flux by 4% at full load and by 2% at 60% of full load.
(b) A 60 kW, 240 V short shunt compound generator operates as a
shunt generator, required an increase in field current of 3 A to
provide an over compensated voltage of 275 V at rated load
current of 250 A. The shunt field has 200 turns per pole & series
field has 5 turns per pole with resistance of 240 & 0.005,
respectively.
(i) Calculate the required diverter resistance.
(ii) If no load voltage of compound generator is also 240 V,
calculate the air gap mmf/pole at no load & at full load.
(d) A shunt motor runs at 600 rpm from 250 V supply & takes a
line current of 50 A. Its armature & field resistances are 0.4
& 125, respectively. Neglecting the effects of armature reaction &
allowing 2 V brush drop, calculate:
(i) no load speed if the no-load line current is 5 A.
(ii) % reduction in the flux per pole in order that speed may be 800
7
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
EMF Volts
55
75
90
100
110
115
: 30
Ra
= 0.5 ,
Rsh
2.
Explain
the
nature
of
no-load,
external
and
armature
loaded?
(d) State and explain the various losses takes place in a d.c.
machine.
(b) (i) Derive and draw the characteristic of d.c. shunt and series
motor with the help of basic equation.
(ii) What are main reasons for necessity of starter in d.c.
7
Ra=0.6
Rse =0.4
0.5
OC Voltage :
50
85
1.5
102
2.5
3A
112
116
120V
constant.
(c) Draw the diagram of three point starter and explain its working.
Explain how the drawback of this starter has been removed.
8
Q.4. (a) Discuss various methods of speed control used for DC
shunt motor.
(b) Two separately excited DC generators having emfs of 230 V and
226 V; armature resistance of 0.5 ohm and 0.04 ohm respectively
are operating in parallel. Find the load shared by the two generators
when the load resistance is 0.5 ohm.
(c) Describe the operation of 3 point starter.
UNIT-5
(b) Explain the Hopkinsons test to determine the efficiency of d.c.
machine.
7
7
7
7
(b) Hopkinsons test on two shunt machines gave the following test
results for full load.
Line voltage = 250 V
Line current excluding field current = 50 A
Motor armature current = 380 A
Field currents are 5A and 4.2 A.
Calculate the efficiency of each machine. Armature resistance
of both machines is 0 .02 .
(c) The terminal voltage of shunt generator G1 falls from 500 Volt at
no load to 470 V when delivering a current of 600 A. For a second
generator G2, the figures are 505 Volt at no load and 470 V at 400
A. They are connected in parallel supplying a total load of 400 KW.
Assuming
determine the common bus bar voltage and the current supplied by
each machine.
(d) Explain, why the series generators are not suitable for parallel
operation? What remedial measures are taken for its successful
parallel operation?
2. Explain briefly Hopkinsons test for determination of efficiency of
d.c. shunt m/c. what are the main advantages of this test? 7
I1
and
the combination.
(d) A 30 kW 220 V d.c. shunt motor with a full load speed of 535
rpm is to be breaked by plugging. Estimate the value of resistance
which should be placed in series with it to limit the initial breaking
current to 200 A. What would be the value of initial breaking
torque?
machines.
current is 20 A.