Untitled by YKQWSB - read the free ebook now from ePub Bud!

1 of 2

http://www.epubbud.com/read.php?g=FCFHSK4V&p=8

Create Account - Sign In

Browse - New Book - My Books - Sell - Groups - $19 ISBNs - Upload / Convert - Help -

Like 44,309 people like this. Sign Up to

see what your friends like.

5- Setting the mod number and hence count value of synchronous counter
What is mod number? Simply put, mod number refers to the number of states the counter goes through in each complete cycle. Thus
maximum count value of the counter is the mod number minus one, as 0 is a valid digit.
Since we know that a single JK flip flop counter outputs one bit ( 1-bit counter ) , the counter will undergo two states in a complete
cycle (0 & 1), thus being a mod-2 counter with a maximum count value of 1. How do we increase the mod number and hence the
count value of a counter ?
We can do so by cascading the JK flip-flops (connecting the output of a JK flip-flop to the clock input of anotherJK flip-flop), thus
increasing the number of output bits of the counter and the number of states in a complete cycle. The mod number of the counter will
(number of JK flip-flop/s)
(number of JK flip-flop/s)
then be 2
and the count value will then be (2
- 1).
The diagram below shows a simplified table on the relationship between the number of JK flip-flops and the mod number of the
counter:

Figure 3.1.1 - Table of relationship between number of JK flip-flop and mod number of counter
Now that we know how to increase the mod-number of the counter, how do we set its count value to a specified number ? For
example, if you want to make a mod-10 counter, first you have to decide the number of JK flip-flops to use. Judging from above we
need at least 4 JK flip-flops (max mod number-16 , more than enough) as 3 JK flip-flops (max mod number - 7, still not enough) will
not be sufficient.
The tricky part is setting the mod number to suit your need. For a mod-10 counter the maximum count value will be 9, but with 4 JK
flip-flops, the maximum count value is 15. We will have to find a way to make the counter not use all of its states, stop counting at 9
and roll over to 0.
Remember that a JK flip-flop has a useful asynchronous input called CLEAR, which when high, forces the output of JK flip-flop to be
low. All we have to do is to find the binary equivalent of 910, which is 10012 and since the counter has to reach 10012, we will have to
reset the counter at the next value , 10102 . If the CLEAR input is active high, an AND gate will be used. Otherwise, we will use a
NAND gate.
The two flip flops that will output "1"s at 10102 will be tied to the inputs of an AND gate amd the output of an AND gate will be tied to

3/25/2015 2:00 PM

Untitled by YKQWSB - read the free ebook now from ePub Bud!

2 of 2

http://www.epubbud.com/read.php?g=FCFHSK4V&p=8

the CLEAR inputs of all JK flip-flops. When the counter reaches 10102, the AND gate will have a 1 at its output, thus activating all of
the JK flip-flops' CLEAR inputs, resetting the counter to 00002, thus creating a mod-10 counter which counts from 00002 to 10012 or 0
to 9.

Figure 3.2.1 - Mod-10 Counter

two page view?

Share "Untitled":

Download for all devices

How to read epub eBooks

(432 KB)

About

Safety

Privacy

Terms

Copyright

Contact Us

OPDS catalog

API

2010-2014 ePub Bud, a not-for-profit organization.

3/25/2015 2:00 PM