NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE

GREEN
TECHNOLOGIES-2015
CFD SIMULATION AND ANSYS INVESTIGATION OF C.I.ENGINE COMBUSTION PROCESS
BHESHMA YOGENDRA KIRAN.K, RAHUL K & DR.V.MUTHU
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING, RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI.
EMAIL id: bheshma03@gmail.com , richyrascot@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In past, the diesel combustion process has been modeled and analyzed theoretically by several experts all around the
world. The advancement of computational tools saves time and production cost. Better performance and reduced emission
engines are a result of computational fluid dynamics analysis software such as FLUENT and STAR-CD ADAPCO. A
single cylinder KIRLOSKAR TV-1 diesel engine was taken for simulation. The clearance height for bowl type piston
combustion chamber was calculated and modeled in GAMBIT and CATIA. The results obtained from analysis were
compared with experimental investigation in terms of pressure vs crank angle. For the same engine, clearance height for
flat type piston was calculated with same compression ratio 17.5:1 and modeled in gambit. The errors are calculated and
studied and results are compared.
Keywords: CFD, FLUENT, KIRLOSKAR TV-1, COMPRESSION RATIO, CETANE NUMBER
I.
INTRODUCTION:
The IC engine is the engine where combustion of a fuel occurs with oxidizer (air) in a combustion chamber. In an internal
combustion engine, the expansion of high temperature and high pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force
to some component of the engine. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into
useful mechanical energy. Combustion is the physical phenomenon where mathematical solutions can also be impossible
to arrive at accuracy, combustion takes place by milliseconds so no one has capable to see fire is produced or not.
Especially on CI engines, combustion takes place by compression of fuel and air in localized unlike Si engines it dont
have any spark plug to fire, so the study of CI engine combustion lets you know how on compressing it gets combusted or
reaches self-ignition temperature.
II.
DIESEL COMBUSTION PROCESS:
Diesel engines rely solely on heat and pressure created by engine in its compression process for ignition. The compression
level that occurs is usually twice or more than a gasoline engine. Diesel engines will take in air only and shortly before
peak compression, a small quantity of diesel fuel is sprayed into the cylinder via fuel injector allows to instant ignite that
too heterogeneous mixture of combustion in localized areas. They have reputation for having excellent reputation for their
low fuel consumption, reliability and durability characteristics, known for low HC and CO emission fuel. But known for
their soot formation and particulate matter as well as NOX emissions. The basic premise of diesel combustion in its unique
way of releasing the chemical energy stored in the fuel. They are characterized by lean mixture of air and fuel mass ratio
with 20:1 to 100:1 in wide optimum range.
Parameters affecting combustion:
Inducted air charge, injected fuel atomization, compression ratio, injection pressure and timing, hole size, nozzle hole
geometry spray geometry valve configuration and top piston ring position. It is therefore important to realize that
combustion system of diesel engine is not limited to combustion bowl, injector sprays and their immediate surroundings.
Rather it includes any part component system that may effect final outcomes of process.
III.
CFD SIMULATION IN CI ENGINE:
Applying the laws of fluid dynamics and studying about the combustion process and variation approach in the reactions
are equated to mathematical equations with computer algorithms to produce software for visualizing date to render
graphical solutions. The software FLUENT is used on the basis of CFD.
Steps involved in analyzing:
Creating geometry
Model is setup for meshing
Creating named sections such as inlet and outlet. D
Defining boundary conditions
Analyzing and yielding result. We are analyzing the static failure and dynamic failure with ANSYS. We are comparing the
bowl type and flat type pistons and their combustion reactions.
MESHING: Coarse medium and fine mesh are classification.

Mesh type: Tetrahedral fine mesh.

IV.

CFD SIMULATION OF BOWL TYPE PISTON:

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE

GREEN
TECHNOLOGIES-2015
FOR BOWL TYPE: The dimensions are measured of the product and the geometry is created. Material properties are
added and post processing and pre-processing works are done. The contour curves are taken at different contour angles.
The angle started at 335.5 with 10deg each up to 385.5.The fig1.1 represents pressure contours of bowl shaped piston with
crank angle 335.5 to 385.5 degs. Thus it gives an idea about pressure contours in start and end of compression stroke.
Likewise the temperature distribution and mass faction of fuel is analyzed such how much part of fuel is combusted.

Figure 1.1:pressure contour

Figure 1.2:Temperature contour

Figure 1.3:Mass fraction of fuel

FLAT TYPE PISTON: In addition to bowl type analyzing a flat type and comparing with the first one and results are
obtained.in fig 2.1,2.2,2.3 represents pressure contour, temperature contour and mass faction of fuel in flat faced piston ius
analyzed and compared with above result at same crank angles. Bowl shaped has air swirl and turbulence such that air
,motion is more efficient in bowl shaped rather compared to flat faced piston.

Figure 2.1 pressure contour

Figure 2.2:Temperature contour

Figure 2.3:mass fraction of fuel

V.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The pressure vs crank angle diagram is compared with experimental and computed and results are analyzed,the differenced
in peak pressure of computed one reaches 6.5deg before experimental value
%error: 27.26/72.34=37.5%.(the difference in pressure/peak pressure)

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE

GREEN
TECHNOLOGIES-2015

The experimented value gives lower peak pressure

compared to computated value due to factors which are
neglected in software,due to on road conditions,the
peak presure also drops in experimented value,
These are taken as error percentage of 37.5%.

Figure 3.1 Pressure Vs crank angle

Figure 3.2: pressure Temperature curve for bowl shaped

and flat shaped piston.

The inference from the graph is that maximum temperature of flat headd piston is at 352 deg,and bowl type is at 371 deg
crank angle.comparing the head piston and bowl type pisto with respect to temperature, clear that maximum temperature
of flat head reaches 19.5 deg earlier than bowl type piston. The maximum cylinder pressure of bowl type piston was to be
greater than that of flat type piston and peak pressure was obtained almost at same crank angle.
STATIC ANALYSIS USING ANSYS: Here the piston is analyzed static structural with thermal stress induced on
it,giving the load as temperature and deformation and error are calculated as static structual,load given as gas pressure
acting on piston and maximum and minimum deformation and error is analyzed.

Figure 4.1:Total deformation when load is acted

Figure 4.2: Structural Error

VI.
CONCLUSIONS:
The various results generated from combustion chamber simulation of CI engine helps to understand significance of piston
geometry. The accuracy of results is improved as elements are increase or meshing size increases.the development of bowl
type piston induces swirl motion of air.the CFD model and ANSYS model can de a reliable tool of internal combustion
engines.
VII.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I sincerely thank my faculty advisor for bringing my idea alive and gave an intense support to make this paper.
VIII.
REFERENCES:
1.K.Purushothamam,G.nagarajan,2009.,Performance,Emission and combustion characteristics of CI engineoperating on
neat orange oil.,Renewable energy 34(2009)242-245
2.Antony Raj GnanaSgayaRaj.,jawali Maharudppa mallikarjuna.,venktichalam Gnesan 2013Energy Efficient piston
Configuration for effective air motion-A CFD study.Applied Energy 102(2013)347-354
3.Internal Combustion Engines by V Ganesan.
4.Internal Combustion Engines-fundamentalby john B.Heywood.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE

GREEN
TECHNOLOGIES-2015