Professional Documents
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TOXIC SUBSTANCE
trans por t in the atm os pher e
p ho tolysis
drift
spray application
of pestici des
fo lia r a p plicatio n
so il a pp lica tio n
interc eption i n
p lant s ta nds
wa sh off
s urfac e water
c onta m inati on
leachin g
pl ant
upta ke
ch em ical/
g round w ate r
co nta mi na tio n
micro b ial
d eg ra da tio n
Pengelolaan B3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
TOXIC SUBSTANCE???
Alamiah : singkong (mengandung HCN/asam sianida),
TOXIC Bacteria
Toxic
Mushroom
Drain cleaners
Oven cleaners
Laundry detergents
Floor or furniture polish
Paints
Pesticides
PLEASE Check
Labels!!
Drain cleaners
Oven cleaners
Laundry detergents
Floor or furniture polish
Paints
Pesticides
PLEASE Check
Labels!!
CAUTION
WARNING
DANGER
LABELLING
Danger : is the strongest signal word. When it is used on wrong way, you could get
very sick, be hurt for a long time, go blind or even die. Danger is also used on
products that could explode if the get hot.
Warning : is less string than Danger, but it still means that you could get really sick
or become seriously hurt. Warning is also used on products that can easily catch on
fire.
Caution : shows that the product could hurt you, but it is less harmful than products
with danger or warning signal words. Caution is used on products that could bother
your skin, make you sick if you breathed the fumes, or really hurt if the product got
in your eyes.
(EPA, 2012)
Drain cleaners
Oven cleaners
Laundry detergents
Floor or furniture polish
Paints
Pesticides
PLEASE Check
Labels!!
CAUTION
WARNING
DANGER
Pesticide
A pesticide is a chemical used to prevent, destroy,
or repel pests.
Pests can be insects, mice and other animals,
weeds, fungi or microorganisms such as bacteria
and viruses.
There are some common types of pesticides, and their purposes, used in our homes
Type
Usage
Algicides
Antimicrobials
Attractants
Disinfectants
and sanitizers
Fumigants
Fungicides
Herbicides
Kill weeds
Insecticides
Miticides
There are some common types of pesticides, and their purposes, used in our homes
Type
Usage
Microbial
pesticides
Molluscicides
Nematocides
Pheromones
Repellents
Rodenticides
(EPA, 2012)
Routes of Entry
Ingestion:- This means taking a material into the body by mouth (swallowing).
Ingestion of toxic materials may occur as a result of eating in a contaminated work
area.
Absorption- Substances that contact the eye and the skin may be either absorbed
into the body or cause local effects. For the majority of organic compounds, the
contribution from skin absorption to the total exposure should not be neglected.
Inhalation- This means taking a material into the body by breathing it in. In the
lungs, very tiny blood vessels are in constant contact with the air we breath in. As a
result, airborne contaminants can be easily absorbed through this tissue. In the
occupational environment, this is generally the most important route of entry.
http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/resources/whmis/whmis6.htm
Kelompok
Beracun (toxic)
LD50 (mg/kg)
1
1-50
51-500
501-5000
5001-15000
> 15000
Konvensi Basel
Konvensi Rotterdam
PIC Procedure
Pengawasan
Ekspor-impor limbah B3
PP No. 74/2001
Pengawasan
Ekspor-impor limbah B3
PP No18 jo 85/1999
Konvensi Stockholm
Persistent Organic Pollutants
(POPs) mengatur tentang bahan
pencemar organik yang persisten
LATAR BELAKANG
Bahan kimia sintetis
Sifat POPs:
Beracun;
Persisten (Sulit terurai);
Bioakumulasi , berpindah melalui
rantai makanan
POPs
Konvensi Stockholm
Merupakan
kesepakatan lingkungan
global
UNEP
23 Mei 2001
Pemerintah Indonesia
Telah meratifikasi yaitu
Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun
2009
Tentang Pengesahan Stockhlom
Convention Persisten
Organic Pollutants (Konvensi
Stockholm Tentang
Bahan Pencemar Organik Yang
Persisten)
2001
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Aldrin
Chlordane
Dieldrin
Endrin
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Mirex
Toxaphene
Polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCBs)
10. DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2bis (4chlorophenyl)ethane)
11. Polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and
12. dibenzofurans
(PCDD/PCDF)
2009
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane
Beta hexachlorocylcohexane
Chlordecone
Hexabromobiphenyl
Hexabromodiphenyl ether and
heptabromodiphenyl ether
(commercial octabromodiphenyl
ether)
Lindane
Pentachlorobenzene
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its
salt and perfluorooctane sulfonyl
fluoride
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and
pentabromodiphenyl ether
(commercial
pentabromodiphenyl ether)
2011
Endosulfan
(COP-5)
Entry into force 27
October 2012
2013
HBCD
(Hexa Bromo
Cyclo Dodecane)
(COP-6)
Substance properties
Volatility
Polarity
Degradability
Mobility
Toxicity
Resitance formation
Benzo[a]pyrene
HCB
PCB-153
Substance properties
PCB-153
Synthesis of DDT
Research by Muller
Nobel price of Medicine received by Muller
DDT completely banned in USA
Transport
Uptake
Accumulation
Ecotoxicity
Sinks
: deposition
: volatilization
: volatilization
: leaching, runoff (Kd, Koc)
Risk :
- user toxicity
- entry into the foodchain
- conamination of eco-system : air, water, sediment, soil
- ecotoxicoligical effetc and formation of resistance
Acceptance :
- post-regulatory monitoring
- regulatory re-evaluation
: high efficiency
: low persistence
: low volatility
: low mammal toxicity
dr ift
fo lia r a p plicatio n
so il a pp lica tio n
interc eption i n
p lant s ta nds
wa sh of f
s urfac e water
c onta m inati on
lea chin g
pl ant
upta ke
ch em ical/
g round w ate r
co nta mi na tio n
micro b ial
d eg ra da tio n
(Kreuzig, 1994)