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Glossary of Mathematical Terms for FSPM 1031

Created by: J.D. Williams

Section 3.6: Properties of Functions


Section 5.1: Properties of Exponents

Section 3.6: Properties of Functions


Term
Function

Definition
a mathematical relation that pairs each input
value with at most one output value

Ordered Pair

the mathematical representation of the input


and corresponding output of a relation

Real Number

Any number, rational or irrational, that can be


represented on a number line and is either
positive, negative, or zero

Domain
Range

Example(s)

Illustration
N/A

( 0,0 )
( 3,4 )
(1,2 )
(x, y)

N/A

the set of all possible input values for a relation

N/A

the set of all possible output values for a


relation

N/A

x-intercept

the solution(s) to a mathematical function


Alternate Definitions
Algebraic: any xvalue(s) such that y=0 , if it
exists
Graphical: the
point(s) of intersection between
the graph of a function and the
x-axis
the general coordinate point is
( x 0 ,0 ) , where x 0 is some
particular x-value
a function may have an infinite
number of x-intercepts

y-intercept

the initial value / initial condition of a


mathematical function
Alternate Definitions
Algebraic: the yvalue(s) such that x=0 , if it
exists
Graphical: the
point(s) of intersection between
the graph of a function and the
y-axis
the general coordinate point is
( 0, y 0 ) , where y 0 is some
particular y-value
a function may have at most one
y-intercept

Vertical Line Test a method used to determine if the graph of an


equation represents a mathematical function

Function:

N/A

if an arbitrary vertical line can be


drawn at every x-value in the domain
and intersect the graph at at most one
point, the graph is a function
if an arbitrary vertical line can be
drawn at every x-value in the domain
and intersect the graph at two or more
points, the graph is not a function
(instead, it is a mathematical relation)

Even Function

Odd Function

a function with even symmetry for all values in


its domain
Algebraic: any pair of inputs
within the domain of a function that
have the same value but opposite signs
have corresponding outputs that are
identical; f ( x )=f (x )
Graphical: any function whose
graph has line symmetry through the
vertical axis; mirror image through yaxis
a function with odd symmetry for all values in
its domain
Algebraic: any pair of inputs
within the domain of a function that
have the same value but opposite signs
have corresponding outputs that have
the same value but opposite signs
(additive inverses); f ( x ) =f (x )
Graphical: any function whose
graph has point symmetry through the
origin; identical image with 180 degree
rotation

Relation:
2

x + y =1
x=5
x= y 2

f ( x )=x 2
g( x)=cos ( x )
h ( x )=|x|

f ( x )=x 3
g( x)=sin ( x )

h ( x )=

1
x

f ( x )=
Asymmetrical
Function

a function that neither has even symmetry nor


odd symmetry for all values in its domain

g( x)=|x|4
h ( x )=

1
x +5

Section 5.1: Properties of Exponents


Term

Definition

Exponential Term

Any base value that is raised to an exponent

Example

Illustration

Section 8.1: Linear Functions


Term

Definition

Slope

the average rate of change between any two


coordinate points on the xy-plane

Linear

Example(s)

Illustration
N/A

( 0,0 )
( 3,4 )
(1,2 )
(x, y)

N/A

Section 8.2: Nonlinear Functions


Term
Power Function

Polynomial

Definition

Example(s)

Illustration

a mathematical function that has a variable


base value and a constant exponent

N/A

a sum or difference of a collection of power


functions whose exponents are all nonnegative
integers

N/A

Order / Degree of the largest exponent of any power term within a


a Polynomial
polynomial expression
Quadratic
Function

a 2nd-degree polynomial

Cubic Function

a 3rd-degree polynomial

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