CHAPTER 12

FREE SURFACE EFFECT

Chapter 12
Free Surface Effect
Exercise -10

Answer 1
Given:1. Displacement (W) = 5000t
2. RD of diesel oil = 0.88
3. Moments of inertia = 242m4
FSC

= i * RD of DO
W

FSC

= 242 * 0.88
5000

FSC

= 0.043m

FSC of the ship is 0.043m

Answer 2
Given:1. W = 5000t
2. RD of SW = 1.025
3. Moments of inertia (i) = 242m4
FSC

= i * RD of SW
W

FSC

= 242 * 1.025
5000

FSC

= 0.050m

FSC of the ship is 0.050m

Page 1 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
Answer 3
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.

W = 6000t
KM = 7.4m
KG = 6.6m
i = 1200m4

RD of FW = 1.000
FSC

= i * RD of FW
W

FSC

= 1200 * 1.000
6000

FSC

= 0.2m

KG(f)

= KG(s) + FSC

KG(f)

= 6.6m + 0.2m

KG(f)

= 6.8m

KM

= KG(f) + GM(f)

7.4m

= 6.8m + GM(f)

7.4m 6.8m = GM(f)

0.6m

= GM(f)

GM fluid of the ship is 0.6m

Answer 4
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

FSC

Displacement (W) =8800t

i = 1166m4
RD of HFO = 0.95
KM = 10.1m
KG = 9m

= i * RD of FW
W

Page 2 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
FSC

= 1166 * 0.95
8800

FSC

= 0.126m

KG(f)

= KG(s) + FSC

KG(f)

= 9m + 0.126m

KG(f)

= 9.126m

KM

= KG(f) + GM(f)

10.1m = 9.126m + GM(f)

10.1m 9.126m = GM(f)
0.974m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the ship is 0.974m

Answer 5
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.

Displacement (W) =16000t

L of DB tank = 20m
B of DB tank = 8m
RD of water = 1.010

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of water
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of water
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 20 * (8)3 * 1.010
12 * 16000

FSC

= 20 * 8 * 8 * 8 * 1.010
12 * 16000

FSC

= 0.054m

FSC for the vessel is 0.054m

Page 3 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
Answer 6
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

L of tank = 12m
B of tank = 9m
RD of oil = 0.72
Displacement (W) = 12000t
KM = 9m
KG = 8.5m

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of oil
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of oil
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 12 * (9)3 * 0.72
12 * 12000

FSC

= 12 *9 * 9 * 9 * 0.72
12 * 12000

FSC

= 0.044m

KG(f)

= KG(s) + FSC

KG(f)

= 8.5m + 0.044m

KG(f)

= 8.544m

KM

= KG(f) + GM(f)

9m

= 8.544m + GM(f)

9m 8.544m = GM(f)
0.456m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the ship is 0.456m

Page 4 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
Answer 7
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Displacement (W) = 8000t

L of tank = 10m
B of tank = 8m
H of tank = 9m
KM = 7m
KG = 6.2m
1/3 of tank pumped out

RD of SW = 1.025

10m

8m

3m
9m

8m

10m
G

9m
G
3m

6m

7.5m

Mass of water pumped out = 1 * L * B * H * RD

3
Mass of water pumped out = 1 * 10 * 8 * 9 * 1.025
3
Mass of water pumped out = 246t (w)
KG from where water pumped out = (1 * height) + (2 * height)
3*2
3
KG from where water pumped out = (1 * 9) + (2 * 9)
3 *2
3
KG from where water pumped out = 1.5m + 6m
KG from where water pumped out = 7.5m

Page 5 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
KG from where water discharged
KG of ship
d
GG

=w*d
Ww

GG

= 246 * 1.3
8000 246

GG

= 246 * 1.3
7754

GG

= 0.041m

= 7.5m
=-6.2m
1.3m

Final displacement = Initial Displacement Discharge

Final displacement = 8000t 246t
Final displacement = 7754t
Initial KG of the vessel = 6.2m
GG
=-0.041m
Final KG of the vessel = 6.159m
i

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of water
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of water
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 10 * (8)3 * 1.025
12 * 7754

FSC

= 10 *8 * 8 * 8 * 1.025
12 * 7754

FSC

= 0.056m

KG(f)

= KG(s) + FSC

KG(f)

= 6.159m + 0.056m

KG(f)

= 6.215m

KM

= KG(f) + GM(f)

7m

= 6.215m + GM(f)
Page 6 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
7m 6.215m = GM(f)
0.785m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the ship is 0.785m

Answer 8
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Displacement (W) = 5000t

Dimensions of tank = 16m * 10m * 4m
KM = 6.2m
KG = 7m
Oil loaded = 400t
RD of oil = 0.95

16m

400t
Sounding

10m

4m

G
K

RD of oil

0.95

= Mass of oil
Volume of oil

= 400
Volume of oil

Volume of oil

= 400
0.95

Volume of oil = 421.053m3

Volume of oil

= L * B * sounding of tank

421.053

= 16 * 10 * sounding of tank
Page 7 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
421.053
16 * 10

= sounding of tank

2.632m

= sounding of tank

KG = Sounding
2
KG = 2.632
2
KG = 1.316m

Ship
Loaded
Total

Weight (t)
5000
400
5400

KG (m)
7
1.316

Moments (tm)
35000
526.4
35526.4

KG of ship after loading = Total moments

Total weight
KG of ship after loading = 35526.4
5400
KG of ship after loading

= 6.579m

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of oil
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of oil
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 16 * (10)3 * 0.95
12 * 5400

FSC

= 16 *10 * 10 * 10 * 0.95
12 * 5400

FSC

= 0.235m

KG(f)

= KG(s) + FSC

KG(f)

= 6.579m + 0.235m

KG(f)

= 6.814m

KM

= KG(f) + GM(f)
Page 8 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
7.2m

= 6.814m + GM(f)

7.2m 6.814m = GM(f)

0.386m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the ship is 0.386m

Answer 9
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Dimensions of Port tank = 12m * 5m * 8m

Dimensions of Stbd tank = 12m * 5m * 8m
Port tank full of SW
Stbd tank is empty
Displacement (W) = 9840t
KM = 8.5m
KG = 8m

12m

12m
Port Tank

Stbd Tank

8m

Port Tank

8m

4m
G

5m

5m

Volume of each tank

=L*B*H

Volume of each tank

= 12 * 5 * 8

Volume of each tank

= 480m3

Stbd Tank

5m

5m

Page 9 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
RD of SW

= Mass of water
Volume of water

1.025 = Mass of water

480
1.025 * 480
492t

=Mass of water

= Mass of water

Mass of water transferred = Total mass of water

2
Mass of water transferred = 492
2
Mass of water transferred = 246t
KG of mass from where shifted = 6m
KG of mass to where shifted
=-2m
d
= 4m
GG

= w *d
W

GG

= 246 * 4
9840

GG

= 0.1m ()

KG of ship
GG

= 8m
=-0.1m
7.9m

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of SW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of SW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 12 * (5)3 * 1.025
12 * 9840

FSC

= 12 *5 * 5 * 5 * 1.025
12 * 9840

FSC

= 0.013m

Page 10 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
FSE of 2 tanks = 2 * FSE
FSE of 2 tanks = 2 * 0.013m
FSE of 2 tanks = 0.026m
KG(f)

= KG(s) + FSC

KG(f)

= 7.9m + 0.026m

KG(f)

= 7.926m

KM

= KG(f) + GM(f)

8.5m

= 7.926m + GM(f)

8.5m 7.926m = GM(f)

0.574m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the ship is 0.574m

Answer 10
Given:1 Displacement t=
2 KM (m)=

10000
9.9

Tank

KG(m)

I (m^4)

Liquid

RD

Remarks

Total "I"
(m^4)

FP Tank
No.1 DBT
No. 2 P
No.2 S
No.3 P
No.3 S
No.3 C
No.4 P
No.4 S
No.5 P
No.5 S
AP Tank

6.30
1.15
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.85
0.85
8.80

10
420
720
720
240
240
1200
300
300
180
100
20

SW
HFO
HFO
HFO
SW
SW
HFO
FW
FW
DO
HFO
SW

1.025
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.025
1.025
0.95
1.000
1.000
0.88
0.95
1.025

Full
Slack
Slack
Empty
Full
Slack
Full
Slack
Slack
Slack
Full
Empty

0
399
684
0
0
246
0
300
300
158.4
0
0

Total

8.954

2087.4

Page 11 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
FSE =

Total i
Total Displacement

FSE =

2087.4
10000

FSE =
KG(f) =

0.209 m
KG(s) + FSE

KG (f) =

8.954

KG (f) =

9.163m

+ 0.209

KM = KG(f) + GM(f)
9.9m = 9.163m + GM(f)
9.9m 9.163m = GM(f)
0.737m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the vessel is 0.737m

Page 12 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
Answer 11

Given:1 Displacement t=
2 KM (m)=

10000
9.9

Tank

KG(m)

I (m^4)

Liquid

RD

Remarks

Total "I"
(m^4)

FP Tank
No.1 DBT
No. 2 P
No.2 S
No.3 P
No.3 S
No.3 C
No.4 P
No.4 S
No.5 P
No.5 S
AP Tank

6.30
1.15
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.85
0.85
8.80

10
420
720
720
240
240
1200
300
300
180
100
20

SW
HFO
HFO
HFO
SW
SW
HFO
FW
FW
DO
HFO
SW

1.025
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.025
1.025
0.95
1.000
1.000
0.88
0.95
1.025

Full
Slack
Full
Empty
Full
Slack
Full
Slack
Slack
Slack
Full
Empty

0
399
0
0
0
246
0
300
300
158.4
0
0

Total

8.950

1403.4

FSE =

Total i
Total Displacement

FSE =

1403.4
10000

FSE =
KG(f) =

0.140 m
KG(s) + FSE

KG (f) =

8.950

KG (f) =

9.090

0.140

KM = KG(f) + GM(f)
9.9m = 9.090m + GM(f)
9.9m 9.090m = GM(f)
0.810m = GM(f)
Page 13 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
GM fluid of the vessel is 0.810m

Answer 12

Given:1 Displacement t=
2 KM (m)=

10000
9.9

Tank

KG(m)

I (m^4)

Liquid

RD

Remarks

Total "I"
(m^4)

FP Tank
No.1 DBT
No. 2 P
No.2 S
No.3 P
No.3 S
No.3 C
No.4 P
No.4 S
No.5 P
No.5 S
AP Tank

6.30
1.15
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.85
0.85
8.80

10
420
720
720
240
240
1200
300
300
180
100
20

SW
HFO
HFO
HFO
SW
SW
HFO
FW
FW
DO
HFO
SW

1.025
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.025
1.025
0.95
1.000
1.000
0.88
0.95
1.025

Slack
Slack
Slack
Empty
Full
Full
Full
Slack
Slack
Slack
Full
Slack

10.25
399
684
0
0
0
0
300
300
158.4
0
20.5

Total

8.880

1872.15

FSE =

Total i
Total Displacement

FSE =

1872.15
10000

FSE =
KG(f) =

0.187 m
KG(s) + FSE

KG (f) =

8.880

KG (f) =

9.067

0.187

Page 14 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
KM = KG(f) + GM(f)
9.9m = 9.067m + GM(f)
9.9m 9.067m = GM(f)
0.833m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the vessel is 0.833m

Answer 13

Given:1 Displacement (t)=

2 KM (m)=

10000
9.9

Item

Weight (t)

KG (m)

Moments (tm)

Ship
Consume HFO
Hall HFO
All The FW

10000
-200
-100
-200

8.954
1.15
0.6
0.7

89540
-230
-60
-140

Total

9500

Final KG =

89110

Total Moments
Total Weight

Final KG =

89110
9500

Final KG =

9.380m

Page 15 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT

Tank

KG(m)

I (m^4)

Liquid

RD

Remarks

Total "I"
(m^4)

FP Tank
No.1 DBT
No. 2 P
No.2 S
No.3 P
No.3 S
No.3 C
No.4 P
No.4 S
No.5 P
No.5 S
AP Tank

6.30
1.15
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.85
0.85
8.80

10
420
720
720
240
240
1200
300
300
180
100
20

SW
HFO
HFO
HFO
SW
SW
HFO
FW
FW
DO
HFO
SW

1.025
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.025
1.025
0.95
1.000
1.000
0.88
0.95
1.025

Full
Empty
Slack
Empty
Full
Slack
Slack
Empty
Empty
Slack
Full
Empty

0
0
684
0
0
246
1140
0
0
158.4
0
0

Total

9.380

2228.4

FSE =

Total i
Total Displacement

FSE =

2228.4
9500

FSE =
KG(f) =

0.235 m
KG(s) + FSE

KG (f) =

9.380

KG (f) =

9.615

0.235

KM = KG(f) + GM(f)
9.9m = 9.615m + GM(f)
9.9m 9.615m = GM(f)
0.285m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the vessel is 0.285m

Page 16 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
Answer 14

Given:1 Displacement (t)=

2 KM (m)=

10000
9.9

Item

Weight (t)

KG (m)

Moments (tm)

Ship
Consume HFO
Hall HFO
All The FW

10000
-150
-50
-100

8.954
0.65
0.6
0.7

89540
-97.5
-30
-70

Total

9700

Final KG =

89342.5

Total Moments
Total Weight

Final KG =

89342.5
9700

Final KG =

9.211m

Tank

KG(m)

I (m^4)

Liquid

RD

Remarks

Total "I"
(m^4)

FP Tank
No.1 DBT
No. 2 P
No.2 S
No.3 P
No.3 S
No.3 C
No.4 P
No.4 S
No.5 P
No.5 S
AP Tank

6.30
1.15
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.85
0.85
8.80

10
420
720
720
240
240
1200
300
300
180
100
20

SW
HFO
HFO
HFO
SW
SW
HFO
FW
FW
DO
HFO
SW

1.025
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.025
1.025
0.95
1.000
1.000
0.88
0.95
1.025

Full
Slack
Empty
Empty
Full
Slack
Slack
Slack
Empty
Slack
Full
Empty

0
399
0
0
0
246
1140
300
0
158.4
0
0

Total

9.211
FSE =

2243.4
Total i
Total Displacement
Page 17 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT

FSE =

2243.4
9700

FSE =
KG(f) =

0.231 m
KG(s) + FSE

KG (f) =

9.211

KG (f) =

9.442

0.231

KM = KG(f) + GM(f)
9.9m = 9.442m + GM(f)
9.9m 9.442m = GM(f)
0.458m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the vessel is 0.458m

Answer 15
Given:1 Displacement (t)=
2 KM (m)=

10000
10

Item

Weight (t)

KG (m)

Moments (tm)

Ship
Loads No.2 LH
Loads No.4 LH

10000
1000
2000

8.954
4
5

89540
4000
10000

Total

13000

Final KG =

103540

Total Moments
Total Weight

Final KG =

103540
13000

Final KG =

7.965m

Page 18 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT

KG(m)

I (m^4)

Liquid

RD

Remarks

Total "I"
(m^4)

FP Tank
No.1 DBT
No. 2 P
No.2 S
No.3 P
No.3 S
No.3 C
No.4 P
No.4 S
No.5 P
No.5 S
AP Tank

6.30
1.15
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.60
0.70
0.70
0.85
0.85
8.80

10
420
720
720
240
240
1200
300
300
180
100
20

SW
HFO
HFO
HFO
SW
SW
HFO
FW
FW
DO
HFO
SW

1.025
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.025
1.025
0.95
1.000
1.000
0.88
0.95
1.025

Full
Slack
Slack
Empty
Full
Slack
Full
Slack
Slack
Slack
Full
Empty

0
399
684
0
0
246
0
300
300
158.4
0
0

Total

7.965

Tank

2087.4

FSE =

Total i
Total Displacement

FSE =

2087.4
13000

FSE =
KG(f) =

0.161 m
KG(s) + FSE

KG (f) =

7.965

KG (f) =

8.125

0.161

KM = KG(f) + GM(f)
10m = 8.125m + GM(f)
10m 8.125m = GM(f)
1.875m = GM(f)
GM fluid of the vessel is 1.875m

Page 19 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
Answer 16
Given:1. Displacement = 5000t
2. L of tank = 18m
3. B of tank = 12m
RD of SW is 1.025
a)
i

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of SW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of SW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 18 * (12)3 * 1.025
12 * 5000

FSC

= 18 * 12 * 12 * 12 * 1.025
12 * 5000

FSC

= 0.531m

b) i.
FSE

=1 * Total free surface effect in (a)

n2

FSE

=1 * 0.531
22

FSE

= 1 * 0.531
4

FSE

= 0.133m

(From (a))

b) ii.
FSE

= 1 * FSE in (b. i.)

2

FSE

= 1 * 0.133
2

FSE

= 0.067m

(From (b. i. ))

Page 20 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
c) i.
FSE

=1 * Total free surface effect in (a)

n2

FSE

=1 * 0.531
32

FSE

= 1 * 0.531
9

FSE

= 0.059m

(From (a))

c) ii.
FSE

= 2 * FSE in (c. i.)

3

FSE

= 2 * 0.059
3

FSE

= 0.039m

(From (c. i. ))

c) iii.
FSE

= 1 * FSE in (c. i.)

3

FSE

= 1 * 0.059
3

FSE

= 0.020m

(From (c. i. ))

d) i.
FSE

=1 * Total free surface effect in (a)

n2

FSE

=1 * 0.531
42

FSE

= 1 * 0.531
16

FSE

= 0.033m

(From (a))

d) ii.
FSE

= 3 * FSE in (d. i.)

4
Page 21 of 25

CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
FSE

= 3 * 0.033
4

FSE

= 0.025m

(From (d. i. ))

d) iii.
FSE

= 2 * FSE in (d. i.)

4

FSE

= 2 * 0.033
4

FSE

= 0.017m

(From (d. i. ))

d) iv.
FSE

= 1 * FSE in (d. i.)

4

FSE

= 1 * 0.033
4

FSE

= 0.008m

(From (d. i. ))

Answer 17
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Displacement = 10000t
L of tank = 20m
Divided tank in P, S & C divisions
Breath of P & S tank = 4m
Breath of C tank = 12m

a)
i

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of FW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of FW
12 * Displacement

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CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
FSC

= 20 * (4)3 * 1.000
12 * 10000

FSC

= 20 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 1.000
12 * 10000

FSC

= 0.011m

b
FSE of both tanks = FSE of one tank * 2 (Both tanks are identical)
FSE of both tanks = 0.011 * 2 (From a)
FSE of both tanks = 0.022m
c
i

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of FW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of FW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 20 * (12)3 * 1.000
12 * 10000

FSC

= 20 * 12 * 12 * 12 * 1.000
12 * 10000

FSC

= 0.288m

d
FSC of all three tanks = FSC of P tank + FSC of S tank + FSC of C tank
FSC of all three tanks = 0.022m + 0.022m + 0.288m
FSC of all three tanks = 0.310m
e
i

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of FW
12 * Displacement

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CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
FSC

= L * B3 * RD of FW
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 20 * (20)3 * 1.000
12 * 10000

FSC

= 20 * 20 * 20 * 20 * 1.000
12 * 10000

FSC

= 1.333m

Answer 18
a.
b.
c.
d.

No.1 DB
No.3 P & S
No.2 P & S
No.3 C

Answer 19
a. No.4 S
b. No.4 P
c. No.1 DB

Answer 20
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

W =8000t
KM = 7.9m
KG = 7.0m
L of tank = 15m
B of tank = 12m
RD of oil = 0.95

= LB3
12

FSC

= i * RD of oil
12 * Displacement

FSC

= L * B3 * RD of oil
12 * Displacement

FSC

= 15 * (12)3 * 0.95
12 * 8000
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CHAPTER 12
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
FSC

= 15 * 12 * 12 * 12 * 0.95
12 * 8000

FSC

= 0.257m

KG(f)

= KG(s) + FSC

KG(f)

= 7.0m + 0.257m

KG(f)

= 7.257m

KM

= KG(f) + GM(f)

7.9m

= 7.257m + GM(f)

7.9m 7.257m = GM(f)

0.643m = GM(f)

a)
Moment of statical stability = w * GM * Sin
Moment of statical stability = 8000 * 0.643 * Sin(6)
Moment of statical stability = 537.7 tm
b)
Moment of statical stability = w * Sin * (GM + 1 * BM * Tan2)
2
Moment of statical stability = 8000 * Sin(20) * (0.643 + 1 * 4.9 * Tan2(20))
2
Moment of statical stability = 2647.4tm

-o0o-

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