Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Multi-Media
Edition
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2
We shall study
three
basic themes
of the
Quranic
verses
Himself
Relationship
with His
Creation
Relationship
with His
Messengers
Multi-Media
Edition
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
He is most Gracious
& Merciful.
All Praise is due to
Allah
He is the Lord of the
Worlds,
Master of the Day of
Judgment
Will reward / punish
as per deeds
Only He is to be
worshipped
He is to be feared
He grants Guidance
Those who follow
guidance get Grace
10. Those who dont,
earn His anger
11. He is the Creator of
all, us & all around
us; of Good & Evil
12. We Should not set
up rivals with Him
13. He gave us
knowledge
14. His refuge should be
sought from evil
8.
9.
10
10
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
10
11
11
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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12
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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13
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14
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15
15
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
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16
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4.
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3.
4.
5.
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18
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19
19
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
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20
20
The Main
Theme(s)
The Presentation
of the Theme
(II)
(I)
Teachings
Lessons
Beliefs
Theme
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21
21
21
22
22
These
23
23
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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24
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
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25
25
26
26
2.
3.
4.
27
27
28
28
Multi-Media
Edition
28
29
29
29
30
30
30
31
31
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
He is most Gracious
& Merciful.
All Praise is due to
Allah
He is the Lord of the
Worlds,
Master of the Day of
Judgment
Will reward / punish
as per deeds
Only He is to be
worshipped
He is to be feared
He grants Guidance
Those who follow
guidance get Grace
10. Those who dont,
earn His anger
11. He is the Creator of
all, us & all around
us; of Good & Evil
12. We Should not set
up rivals with Him
13. He gave us
knowledge
14. His refuge should be
sought from evil
8.
9.
31
32
32
33
33
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
33
34
34
PART (II)
PRESENTATION OF
THEME
34
35
35
35
36
36
37
37
37
38
38
39
39
39
40
40
Multi-Media
Edition
40
41
41
jahangir@wol.net.pk
www.ser.com.pk
41
42
We shall study
three
basic themes
of the
Quranic
verses
42
Himself
Relationship
with His
Creation
Relationship
with His
Messengers
42
43
ALLAH
&
HIS MESSENGERS
43
43
44
44
44
45
45
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
45
46
46
What do we
learn from
these
passages
regarding:
46
47
SURAH BAQARA 2: 30 TO
37
47
30. Behold, your Lord said to the angels: 'I will create a
vicegerent on earth.' They said: 'Will You place there
one who will make mischief there and shed blood?whilst we celebrate your praises and glorify your holy
(name)?' He said: 'I know what you do not know.' 31.
And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He
placed them before the angels, and said: 'Tell me the
names of these if you are right.' 32. They said: 'Glory
to You, of knowledge we have none, save what You
have taught us: In truth it is You who are perfect in
knowledge and wisdom.' 33. He said: 'Adam! Tell
them their names.' When he had told them, Allah
said: 'Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of
heavens and earth, and I know what you reveal and
what you conceal?'34. And behold, We said to the
angels: 'Bow down to Adam'. And they bowed down.
Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: he was of
those who reject faith. 35. We said: 'Adam! You and
your wife dwell in the Garden; and eat of the bountiful
things in it as You wish. But do not approach this tree,
or you will run into harm and transgression.' 36. Then
Satan made them slip from there, and got them out of
what they had been in. We said: 'Go down, with
enmity between yourselves. On earth will be your
dwelling-place and your means of livelihood, for a
time.' 37. Then Adam learnt from his Lord words of
inspiration, and his Lord turned towards him; for He is
Often-returning, most Merciful
47
30. Behold, your Lord said to the angels: 'I will create a vicegerent on earth.' They
said: 'Will You place there one who will make mischief there and shed blood?whilst we celebrate your praises and glorify your holy (name)?' He said: 'I know
what you do not know.
31. And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He placed them before the
angels, and said: 'Tell me the names of these if you are right.'
32. They said: 'Glory to You, of knowledge we have none, save what You have
taught us: In truth it is You who are perfect in knowledge and wisdom.
33. He said: 'Adam! Tell them their names.' When he had told them, Allah said:
'Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of heavens and earth, and I know
what you reveal and what you conceal?
34. And behold, We said to the angels: 'Bow down to Adam'. And they bowed
down. Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: he was of those who reject
faith
35. We said: 'Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden; and eat of the
bountiful things in it as You wish. But do not approach this tree, or you will run
into harm and transgression.'
36. Then Satan made them slip from there, and got them out of what they had
been in. We said: 'Go down, with enmity between yourselves. On earth will be
your dwelling-place and your means of livelihood, for a time.'
37. Then Adam learnt from his Lord words of inspiration, and his Lord turned
towards him; for He is Often-returning, most Merciful
48
48
48
49
49
What do we
learn from
this
passage
regarding:
49
50
50
Meanings
Content
Teachings
themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
50
51
51
creation of Adam
prostration of angels before him
defiance of Iblis
Adam's stay in and eventual exile from Paradise
Adam being forgiven by Allah after his disobedience
52
52
53
53
54
54
54
55
55
55
56
56
What do we
learn from
this
passage
regarding:
56
57
57
75. So also did We show Abraham the power and the laws
of the heavens and the earth, so that he might have
certainty.
76. When the night covered him over, he saw a star: He
said: 'This is my Lord.' But when it set, he said: 'I do not
love things that set.'
77. When he saw the moon rising in splendour, he said:
'This is my Lord.' But when the moon set, he said: 'Unless
my Lord guides me, I will surely be among those who go
astray.'
78. When he saw the sun rising in splendour, he said: 'This
is my Lord; this is the greatest.' But when the sun set, he
said: 'O my people! I am indeed free from your giving
partners to Allah.'
79. 'For me, I have set my face firmly and truly towards Him
who created the heavens and the earth, and never shall I
give partners to Allah.'
57
58
58
Meanings
Content
Teachings
themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
58
59
59
59
60
60
60
61
61
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
61
62
62
62
63
63
64
64
Meanings
Content
Teachings
themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
64
65
65
65
66
66
67
67
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
67
68
68
What do we
learn from
this
passage
regarding:
68
69
69
69
70
70
Meanings
Content
Teachings
themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
70
71
71
71
72
72
72
73
73
1.
2.
3.
73
74
74
What do
we learn
from this
passage
regarding:
74
75
75
Meanings
Content
Teachings
themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
75
76
76
76
77
77
77
78
78
78
79
79
80
80
80
81
81
81
82
82
Question 1:
Major themes
of the Quran
Q: Choose any two of the
following Passages from
the Quran and,
(a) Briefly describe the main
theme(s) in each
passage
(b) Briefly explain how each
passage presents these
theme(s) in a distinctive
way.
82
83
83
Each
Passage has
2 parts
Part (ii)
Presentation
of Theme
83
84
84
Explain:
Themes
Meanings
Content
60-80
words in
3
minutes
Teachings
Quote Quran verses/Ahadith to support and
illustrate points (optional)
Demonstrate knowledge of Arabic
84
85
85
Explain:How
3
minutes
85
86
86
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
86
87
87
87
88
88
88
89
We shall study
three
basic themes
of the
Quranic
verses
89
Himself
Relationship
with His
Creation
Relationship
with His
Messengers
89
90
90
Person
Powers
Tauheed
Attributes
Signs
90
91
91
91
92
92
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The parable of His Light is
as if there were a Niche and within it a lamp: the Lamp enclosed in
Glass: the Glass as it were a brilliant star: lit from a blessed Tree, an
Olive, neither of the East nor of the West, whose Oil is well-nigh
luminous, though fire scarce touched it: Light upon Light! Allah doth set
forth Parables for men: and Allah doth know all things. (Nur : 35)
Sura Ikhlas
92
93
93
94
94
94
95
95
Allah in Himself
Person
Signs
Attributes
Powers
95
96
96
97
97
97
98
98
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
98
99
99
99
100
100
2.
3.
4.
100
101
101
101. To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the
earth: how can He have a son when He has no consort?
102. He created all things, and He has full knowledge of all things.
That is Allah, your Lord! There is no god but He, the Creator of
all things: then worship Him: and He has power to dispose of all
affairs.
103. No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all visions: He is
above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things.
101
102
102
102
103
103
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
103
104
104
3.
4.
5.
6.
104
105
105
105
106
1.
2.
3.
4.
106
107
107
108
108
Allah in Himself
Person
Signs
Attributes
Powers
108
109
109
Surah Fussilat/Sajda;41. 37
Person
Signs
Attributes
Powers
109
110
110
2.
3.
4.
111
111
111
112
112
113
113
Surah
As
Shura
42:
4
&
5
4. To Him belongs all
Person
Attributes
Powers
113
114
114
3.
4.
5.
115
115
115
116
116
1.
2.
3.
4.
117
117
Say: He is Allah,
the One;
Allah, the Absolute
(the Eternal).
Signs
He does not beget
nor is He begotten,
And there is none
like Him.
Person
Attributes
Powers
117
118
118
Main Theme(s)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
119
119
2.
3.
4.
5.
120
2.
3.
4.
120
121
121
121
122
122
DATE
OUTCOME
633 AD
(ii) Hormuz
2. Walaja
3. Hira
633 AD
ROMAN EMPIRE
4. Firaz
634 AD
5. Mulah
632 AD
6. Ajhadyn
634 AD
122
123
123
DATE
OUTCOME
634 AD
(ii) Rustam
2. Jasr
634 AD
(ii) Bahman
3. Buwaib
634 AD
(i) Muthana
(ii) Mehran
4. Qadisiya
5. Al-Madain
634 AD
(ii) Rustam
6. Jalula
7. Tekrit
8. Ubulla
123
124
124
9. Nehawand
(consequence
of Treaty
broken by
Persians alter
Jalula)
10. Jordan
11. Palestine
12. Damascus
635 AD
636 AD
Valley
14. Damascus
636 AD
16. Jerusalem
17. Alexandria
640 AD
(Egypt)
18. Babylon
(ii) Theodorous
(Victorious)
Recaptured
641 AD
Captured
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125
125
125
126
126
126
127
127
127
128
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132
132
Revision Handout
Note on Belief in Divine Decree (10 Marks)
Belief in the Divine Decree is an article of Faith. Without this, a believers
Imam or Faith is incomplete. As mentioned in Iman-e-Mufassal, which
says: I believe in Allah, in His angels, in His books, in His Prophets, in the
Last Day and in the fact that everything, good or bad, is decided by Allah
Almighty and in the Life after Death.
This means that the belief that everything, good or bad, is known
beforehand by Allah.
Allah is the sole Creator and Cherisher of the entire Universe. His power
is not limited in any sphere whatsoever. The Quran says repeatedly,
Verily, Allah has power over everything., Verily, Allah is all Knowing,
All Powerful and He is the Exalted in Power, full of Wisdom.
As Allah is the Creator, Sustainer, All Powerful and All Knowing, not only
He has knowledge of each and every affair of the entire Universe but also
all the matters and phenomena are under His control as well as within His
Knowledge.
Man, the most supreme creation of Allah is no exception to this divine
Will. However, he is given a great deal of free will and will be tested how
he behaves in this life. Allah's knowledge encompasses the past, present
and the future. This doesn't mean that our free will is taken away by this
rather it is another manifestation of Allah's Supreme Power (Qudrat or
Taqdeer) that He already knows all things.
The Holy Prophet said that only Du'a can alter our destinies. (250 words)
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
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132
133
133
133
134
134
As per Authority
135
135
135
136
136
Nabwi
Words of Prophet &
Meaning from Allah
Starts with "the
Prophet said etc
137
137
137
138
138
138
139
139
Since the Holy Quran was not revealed all at once and its
139
140
140
140
141
141
ALLAH
Holy
Jibreel
Prophet
Companions
141
142
142
In The
Time of
Abu Bakr
& Umar
In The Time
of Uthman
142
143
143
The Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet through Jibril , who would make
143
144
144
volume
After some initial hesitation, he Agreed
A team of Muqri Sahaba led by Zaid bin Thabit were formed to
conduct this task
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145
145
145
146
146
146
147
147
147
148
148
148
149
149
149
150
150
Holy Prophet
Abu Bakr & Umar
Uthman
All of the above
150
151
151
Islamic Law
151
152
152
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
Elements of Qiyas
1.
2.
3.
4.
Smoking in Masjid
1.
2.
3.
4.
153
153
153
154
154
Importance of Ijma
1. It answers the queries of the people in various
situations with logical reasoning
2. If something is explained very briefly in the Quran
and Sunnah, Ijma can be done for clarification
3. Since it is done by those who are scholars so
there is no doubt in their work
4. Through Ijma the principles of Quran and Sunnah
can be extended to new situations
5. Ijma is source of uniting Muslims on new issues
6. It is a source of making the religion applicable to
all times and places
154
155
155
155
156
156
156
157
157
3.
4.
5.
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158
159
159
7.
160
160
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Jews never accepted the Holy Prophet and always went against
him
Islam spread and that threatened Jews supremacy over Arabia
Jews had socio-economic and political reasons to tolerate
Muslims
Riba being declared illegal deteriorated the relations between
Banu Quainqah and Muslims
Banu Quainqah and hypocrites active in exterminating Islam
For Jews the arrival of muhajireens and the Holy Prophet was
unbearable
Jews mocked at Muslims for having Jerusalem as their Kiblah
and fasting on Ashura
Composed anti-Islam verses and mispronounced Islamic verses
Opposite beliefs
160
161
161
5.
6.
7.
162
162
PROPHET AS MODEL OF
EXCELLENCE
162
163
163
Why is he an ideal to
follow?
The Quran insists:
if you love Allah,follow the Prophet
he who obeys the Prophet obeys Allah
Verily in the Prophet of Allah you have the best
example
Short explanations of the above
163
164
164
Titles of al-Sadiq (the truthful) & al-Amin (the trustworthy) even before formal
awarding of prophethood.
Worst enemies would trust him e.g. the night of his migration asked Ali to sleep
in his bed to return belongings to the owners.
Had another trade partner, Saib, at Makka both alternately led the trade
carvans Prophet, on his turn, would 1st of all produce accounts before doing
anything else
Abu Sufiyan in the court of Roman emperor couldnt tell a lie about Prophets
personal conduct
Stressed on fulfilling promises: One who does not keep promise, has no
religion
Refused to accommodate Abu Jandal, who had escaped from the clutches of
Quraish, after signing the treaty of Hudaibiya.
Makkans were ready to accept his word when he addressed them from the Safa
hill (about telling them that an army ready to attack Makka from behind the hill.
Condemned all forms of unfair earnings: One who cheats is not among us &
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166
167
167
167
168
168
169
169
170
170
Simplicity
overspending on weddings, other joyful occasions
Muslims today can
celebrate in a sober & simple way, while helping the needy with whatever excess wealth they have
e.g. may give charity to various organizations.
Muslim parents should revive the example of simple dowry of Fatima & Prophets refusal to
arrange her maid after the conquest of Khyber, 7 A.H.
Honesty
Muslim traders should avoid
hoarding, giving short measures and adulteration
of food etc.
So establish weight with justice and do not fall short in the balance.
(55:9)
Sense of responsibility in joint business e.g. Porphet & Saib.
Leadership :
Muslim leaders can learn great lessons from Prophets qualities
how to ensure protection of
non-Muslim minorities in Muslim states e.g. Christians, Hindus & Sikhs in Pakistan.
Avoid war & accept peace
Treaty of Hudaibiya
Mercy & forgiveness
Muslims in the contemporary world need to control tempers in unfavourable environment e.g. on
a busy road, when someone violates traffic rules in hurry, he/she should be instructed politely.
Try to win hearts of enemies
conquest of Makka.
Make sober & modest jubilations on joyful occasions e.g. on winning a match against a strong
rival.
170
171
171
modesty
healthy circulation of
wealth
promoting peace and love
establishment of justice
tolerance towards the
non-Muslim citizens
We see such a community
in its perfect shape in
Madinah
171
172
172
173
173
4.
5.
174
174
Page 1of3
1. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was the
2.
3.
4.
5.
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175
Page 2of3
6. Previously wars were for robbing, killing,
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176
176
Page 3of3
8. Issued honourable strict rules about war
hurting non-combatants
10. Treatment of Captives (examples)
11. Treatment of Conquered People (examples)
176
177
177
ISLAMIYAT 2058/2:
REVISION HANDOUT
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
(Text Only)
jahangir@wol.net.pk
178
178
(i)Teachings
What teachings it
contains regarding what
Muslims believe and
should practice
What are the
implications for the
Muslim individual &
community
Cross Ref either here or
in (ii): from Quran or
Sunnah
179
179
Hadith No 1:'Religion is sincerity.' We said: 'To whom?' The Prophet said: 'To
Allah, His Book, His Messenger, the leaders of the Muslims and to their common
people.
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
179
180
180
Hadith 2: None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for
himself
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
180
181
181
Hadith No 3 : Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or keep
silent, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbour, and
let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest.
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
181
182
182
Hadith No 4 : A man asked the Messenger: Do you think that if I say my prayers regularly,
fast in Ramadan, treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as forbidden that which is
forbidden, and do nothing further, I shall enter paradise? He said: Yes.
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
182
183
183
Hadith No 5 : Every person's every joint must perform a charity every day the sun comes up:
to act justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto
it or hoisting up his belongings onto it is a charity; every step you take to prayers is a
charity; every kind word is a charity and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
6.
4.
5.
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184
184
Hadith No.6: Whosoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his
hand, and if he is not able to do so then with his tongue, and if he is not able
to do so then with his heart, and that is the weakest of faith
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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185
185
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
185
186
186
Hadith No 8: The Messenger of Allah said: Whom do you count to be a martyr among you?' They said: O Messenger
of Allah, whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: 'In that case the martyrs of my community
will be very few!. (We asked): Then who is Shaheed?. He who is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who
dies a natural death in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies of plague is a martyr, he who dies of cholera
is a martyr.'
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Hadith No9: No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of
his hand
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
187
188
188
Hadith No. 10 : One who manages the affairs of the widow and the poor man is like
the one who exerts himself in the way of Allah, or the one who stands for prayer
in the night or fasts in the day
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
188
189
189
Hadith No 11 : 'I and the man who brings up an orphan will be in paradise like
this.' And he pointed with his two fingers, the index finger and the middle
finger.
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
The Prophet was asked in Surah alDuha: Did He not find you an orphan
and give you shelter?
2.
3.
4.
5.
189
190
190
Hadith No 12 : The Messenger sent Abu Musa and Mu'adh ibn Jabal to Yaman, and he
sent each of them to govern a part. Then he said: 'Be gentle and do not be hard,
and cause rejoicing and do not alienate.
(b)
(a)
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.
3.
4.
5.
190
191
191
Hadith No 13 : He who studies the Qur'an is like the owner of tethered camels. If
he attends to them he will keep hold of them, but if he lets them loose they will
go away
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
191
192
192
Hadith No .14: May God show mercy to a man who is kindly when he sells, when he
buys, and when he demands his money back
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
5.
4.
5.
6.
192
193
193
Hadith No .5: God will not show mercy to him who does not show mercy to others.
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
193
194
194
Hadith No.16: The believers are like a single man; if his head is affected he is
all affected and if his eye is affected he is affected
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
194
195
195
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.
5.
195
196
196
Hadith No 18 : He who has in his heart as much faith as a grain of mustard seed
will not enter hell, and he who has in his heart as much pride as a grain of
mustard seed will not enter paradise
(b)
(a)
According to Muslim belief, true faith
alone guarantees a believers salvation
from the fire of Hell and entry to
Paradise.
2. This Hadith underlines the importance
of true faith and renunciation of pride
3. It also identifies faith and arrogance
being opposites of each other
4. When a person embraces Islam, he
actually and practically submits to the
will of Allah and submission is
diametrically opposed to any form or
degree of pride
5. Quran and Sunnah reiterate that faith
and pride cannot co-exist in the heart
of a Muslim
1.
1.
196
197
197
Hadith No 19: The world is the believer's prison and the unbeliever's paradise
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
197
198
198
Hadith No 20: Allah does not regard your appearances & your possessions,
but he regards your hearts and your actions.
(b)
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.
198
199
199
Hajj al-Ifraad
Hajj al-Qiraan
IF YES
IF YES
IF YES
IF NO
Perform Tawaf-ul-Umrah
2 Rakaat behind Muqaam-e-Ibrahim
Perform Sai for Umrah
In a hurry?
Leave Mina before
sunset on the 12th
Dhul Hajjah
Perform Tawaf-ul-Umrah
2 Rakaat behind Muqaam-e-Ibrahim
Perform Sai for Umrah
May Perform Sai for Hajj too
Perform Tawaf-Al-Ifadah
Pray 2 Rakaat behind
Maqam-e-Ibrahim
Perform Sai for Hajj
*if not performed before
Hajj al-Tamuttu
IF YES
Return back to
Makkah
Stone Jamraat-al-Aqba
*with seven pebbles before Zawal
Slaughter animal
*for Hajj Qiraan & Tamuttu only
Shave or get a hair cut & take off
Ihraam
Perform Tawaf-Al-Wida
while leaving Makkah
2 Rakaat behind
Maqam-e-Ibrahim
Proceed to Muzdalifah
after sunset
*reach there before
midnight
Proceed to Makkah
to perform Tawaf-Al-Ifadah
by Zafal of the 11th
RETURN HOME
199
200
200
Rights of
Non Muslims
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
201
201
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
Umar ibn al-Khattab the second caliph of Islam, once passed by a old, blind man
begging in front of a house. Umar asked him which religious community he
belonged to. The man said he was Jewish. Umar then asked him, What has
brought you to this? The old man said, Do not ask me; ask poverty, and old
age. Umar took the man to his own home, helped him from his personal money,
and then ordered the head of the treasury, You must look after this man and
others like him. We have not treated him fairly. He should not have spent the best
years of his life among us to find misery in his old age. Umar also relieved him and
others in his situation of paying the jizya
In another instance, Umar ibn al-Khattab, the Muslim Caliph, was visiting
Damascus. He passed by a group of Christian lepers. He ordered that they be
given charity and regular stipends for food.
201
202
202
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
203
203
204
204
204
205
205
GHAZWAH e HUNAIN
& Siege of Taif
205
206
206
Background
The conquest of Makkah which came forth as a
consequence of a swift blow astounded both the
Arabs and other tribes who realized that they
were doomed and had to submit to the new
situation
Some of the fierce, powerful proud tribes did not
submit and favoured resistance.
These were mainly: Hawazin and Thaqif. Nasr,
Jashm and Sad bin Bakr etc
So they selected Malik bin Awf An Nasri to fight
against the Muslims
206
207
207
208
208
209
209
Onwards to Taif
After their defeat, the majority of enemy troops took refuge in Taif
and surrounding areas
Upon finishing with Hunain, the Prophet marched towards At-Taif.
He laid siege to it for about 2 weeks
A number of Muslims were wounded and twelve were killed.
Heaving shooting of arrows; throwing of molten iron
To force the enemy to surrender, the Prophet (peace be upon him)
tended to a war policy of burning and cutting the enemys crops.
Now the enemy implored the Prophet to stop and have mercy on
them for the sake of Allh and out of kinship motives.
The Prophet agreed and announced that anyone seeking asylum
wouldnt be harmed
When the deadlock prolonged, the Prophet decided to lift the siege
and depart
209
210
210
211
211
Battle of Tabuk
9 A.H.
211
212
212
212
213
213
214
214
Importance of Tabuk
The effect of this invasion is great as regards
extending and confirming the Muslims influence
and domination on the Arabian Peninsula
It became obvious that Muslims were the
absolute power in Arabia
Non Muslim Arab tribes now became subjects
Abdullah bin Ubay died and verses about him &
hypocrites revealed
Many verses revealed
214
215
215
216
216
216
217
217
217
218
218
219
219
220
220
1. History of Arabs
as Banu Ismail
2. Political Arena
3. Religious Beliefs
4. Social Setup
5. Tribal Culture &
System
6. Economic
Situation
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud jahangir@wol.net.pk
220
221
221
1.History of
Arabs as
Banu Ismail
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud jahangir@wol.net.pk
221
222
222
Ibrahim
Sarah
Ishaq
Keturah
Midian
Hajar
Ismael
Yaqub
(Israel)
Bani Ismael
(Arabs)
Bani Israel
Countless
Prophets:
Last Jesus
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
jahangir@wol.net.pk
Muhammad
222
223
223
224
224
Religious Beliefs
Were originally on the Faith of
Abraham and Ismael
Slowly began to drift away from
Tauheed
Then adopted Idol worship
Had become to believe that Idols
were necessary to worship
Allah
Still thought they were true
followers of Ibrahim
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud jahangir@wol.net.pk
224
225
225
Economic
Situation
Main Income was 2
sources
1. Trade because
Makkah was center of
all Arabia
2. Quraish had immunity
from Robbers
225
226
226
Social Setup
1. Tribal Culture & System
2. The Chief was all powerful
3. Tribal Laws Applied
4. Only Free men were humans
5. Law of the Jungle
6. Law of Booty
7. Women buried Alive. Why?
8. Slavery and mistreatment
227
227
228
228
229
229
Important Events
1. The Prophet as a special person even before
Hira
230
230
Important Events
1. The Prophet as a special person even before
Hira
2. Childhood Nature (Halimas Comments &
Experiences)
231
231
Important Events
1. The Prophet as a special
person even before Hira
2. Childhood Nature (Halimas
Comments & Experiences)
3. Splitting of heart
4. Buhaira
232
232
Important Events
1. The Prophet as a special person even before
Hira
2. Childhood Nature (Halimas Comments &
Experiences)
3. Splitting of heart
4. Buhaira
5. Fixing of Black Stone
233
233
Important Events
1. The Prophet as a special person even before
Hira
2. Childhood Nature (Halimas Comments &
Experiences)
3.
4.
5.
6.
Splitting of heart
Buhaira
Fixing of Black Stone
As a Businessman (Sadiq & Amin)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud jahangir@wol.net.pk
233
234
234
Important Events
1. The Prophet as a special person even before
Hira
2. Childhood Nature (Halimas Comments &
Experiences)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Splitting of heart
Buhaira
Fixing of Black Stone
As a Businessman (Sadiq & Amin)
Maulvi Jahangir
Marriage to Khadija
Mahmud
jahangir@wol.net.pk
234
235
235
235
236
236
236
237
237
Allah in Himself
Allah in Himself (Person)
The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details about the person of
Allah.
Usually certain symbolic expressions and parables have been used
for this purpose.
For example, Surah An Nur describes Allah as a 'light', (give example
here) & Sura Ikhlas
Allah in Himself (Attributes)
The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details about the nature
and attributes of Allah using parables & analogies
Attributes of Allah: (Surah Al Hashr)
Allah in Himself (Powers)
Another oft repeated theme is that of Allah's Unmatchable power,
Verily, when He intends a thing, His command is "Be" and it is! (36:82)
& Sura Al Anaam
Allah in Himself (Signs)
Among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the
moon. Adore not the sun and the moon, but adore Allah, who
created them, if it is Him you wish to serve Surah Fussilat/Sajda
237
238
238
He grants Guidance
Those who follow guidance
get Grace
Those who dont, earn His
anger
He is the Creator of all, us &
all around us; of Good & Evil
We Should not set up rivals
with Him
He gave us knowledge
His refuge should be sought
from evil
238
239
239
239
Chart of Outcome
240
Name
Country
Outcome
1 Negus
King of Abyssinia
Accepted
2 Muqawqis
King of Egypt
Didnt Accept
3 Chroses
Emperor of Persia
Misbehaved
4 Ceasar
Emperor of Rome
Didnt Accept
5 Mundhir
Governor of Bahrain
Accepted
6 Haudhah
Governor of Yamamah
Misbehaved
7 Al-Harith
King of Syria
Misbehaved
Rulers of Oman
Accepted
240
240
241
241
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
242
242
242
243
243
243
244
244
244
245
245
246
246
A teacher is sent
246
247
247
247
248
248
249
249
250
250
250
251
251
251
252
252
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
252
253
253
253
254
254
Warqa
254
255
255
255
256
256
trusted him
Recognized Muhammad as Prophet and
declared his support
He is the 1st person to do so
Foretold of coming opposition and difficulties
256
257
257
as Muhammad
He is called the teacher of prophets
He is called Rasul e Karim in Quran
He brought the Holy Prophet revelation now
for the next 23 years
257
258
258
Loyalty to Tradition/Forefathers/Religion
Tourism Industry
Travel Immunity
Social System
Egoistical Problems
258
259
259
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
259
260
260
As per Authority
261
261
261
262
262
Nabwi
Words of Prophet &
Meaning from Allah
Starts with "the
Prophet said etc
263
263
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
263
264
264
Country
Outcome
Negus
King of Abyssinia
Accepted
Muqawqis
King of Egypt
Didnt Accept
Chroses
Emperor of Persia
Misbehaved
Ceasar
Emperor of Rome
Didnt Accept
Mundhir
Governor of Bahrain
Accepted
Haudhah
Al-Harith
Misbehaved
Rulers of Oman
Accepted
265
265
265
266
266
Accountability
Remember that you will
indeed meet your Lord, and
that he will indeed reckon
your deeds."
267
267
268
268
Pillars of Islam
worship Allah,
say your five daily
prayers,
fast during month of
Ramadan,
and give your wealth
in Zakat
Perform Haj if you
can afford it."
269
269
Rights of Women
"O People it is true that you have certain rights with
regard to your women but they also have rights over
you.
Remember that you have taken them as your wives
only under Allah's trust and with His permission.
If they abide by your right then to them belongs the
right to be fed and clothed in kindness.
Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they
are your partners and committed helpers.
It is your right that they do not make friends with any
one of whom you do not approve, as well never to be
unchaste."
269
270
270
Brotherhood of Muslims
Learn that every Muslim is a
brother to every Muslim
and that the Muslims
constitute one
brotherhood.
Nothing shall be legitimate
to a Muslim which belongs
to a fellow Muslim unless it
was given freely and
willingly."
270
271
271
Finality of Prophethood
"O People! No Prophet or
apostle will come after me
and no new faith will be
born.
271
272
272
Completion of Islam
As part of this sermon, the prophet recited to
them a revelation from Allah, which he had just
received, and which completed the Quran, for it
was probably the last passage to be revealed:
This day the disbeliever's despair of prevailing
against your religion, so fear them not, but fear
Me (Allah)! This day have I perfected for you, your
religion and fulfilled My favor unto you, and it
hath been My good pleasure to choose Islam for
you as your religion. (Surah Maida; 5:3)
272
273
273
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
273
274
274
275
275
275
276
276
Conversion / Marriage
Biographical details (Born, Died, Buried)
Except Khadija, All are buried in Baqee in Madinah. Khadijah is
buried in Makkah
276
277
277
277
278
278
Dear Dr David.
I wanted to know why Maria The Copt &
Rayhanna are included in the marks scheme
as mothers of the Faithful? The Muslim
scholars unanimously agree that they
were concubines. Refer to the earliest sources
of Islam including Ibne Saad, Ibne Ishaq, Ibne
Qayyim, and all Hadith Sources.
Please clarify why does the question paper ask
the candidates to identify 12 mothers of the
faithful.
Best Regards,
Maulvi Jahangir
From:
To:
Sent:
Subject:
Davidthomas@cieislamiyat.lists.ucles.org.uk
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud
17th November 2005
Reply: 12 Mothers of Faithful?
Dear Jahangir
I do not dispute what you say at all. But the point
is that candidates do not appear to make any
distinction between the wives and concubines
of the Prophet. All the scripts I have marked
so far contain lists with 12 or even 13 names.
So for the purposes of the examination at
least no one will be penalised.
I hope this reassures you.
Yours,
David Thomas
278
279
279
Rights of
Non Muslims
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
280
280
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
Umar ibn al-Khattab the second caliph of Islam, once passed by a old, blind man
begging in front of a house. Umar asked him which religious community he
belonged to. The man said he was Jewish. Umar then asked him, What has
brought you to this? The old man said, Do not ask me; ask poverty, and old
age. Umar took the man to his own home, helped him from his personal money,
and then ordered the head of the treasury, You must look after this man and
others like him. We have not treated him fairly. He should not have spent the best
years of his life among us to find misery in his old age. Umar also relieved him and
others in his situation of paying the jizya
In another instance, Umar ibn al-Khattab, the Muslim Caliph, was visiting
Damascus. He passed by a group of Christian lepers. He ordered that they be
given charity and regular stipends for food.
280
281
281
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606
jahangir@wol.net.pk
modesty
healthy circulation of
wealth
promoting peace and love
establishment of justice
tolerance towards the nonMuslim citizens
We see such a community
in its perfect shape in
Madinah
281
282
282
283
283
THE SLANDER AFFAIR: Shaban 6 AH
When the Prophet was returning from an expedition they stopped for a while.
Aishah discovered that she had dropped her necklace & went out again to search for it.
When she returned, the army had already marched away, thinking that she was in the litter.
In her helplessness she s at down and cried till sleep overpowered her.
Safwan bin Muattal, an Emigrant, who was coming in the rear recognized her as he had seen her before the verse
enjoining the veil was revealed, and brought her on his camel to Madinah without saying asingle word to her, himself
walking behind the animal.
The hypocrites of Madinah led by Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul, sought to make capital out of this incident and spread a
malicious scandal against Aishah (May Allah be pleased her) and unfortunately some of the Muslims also became
involved in it.
On arrival in Madinah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) held counsel with his Companions, who pronounced different
opinions ranging from divorce to retention.
The incident almost roused a fight between two rival factions, Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, but the Prophets
intervention silenced both parties on the sport.
Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) unaware of the rumours being circulated, fell ill and was confined to bed for a
month. On recovering, she heard of the slander and took permission to go and see her parents seeking authentic news.
She then burst into tears and stayed for two days and one sleepless night ceaselessly weeping to such an extent that she
felt her liver was about to rip open.
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) visited her in that situation, and after testifying to the Oneness of Allh he told her, If
you are innocent, Allh will acquit you, otherwise, you have to beg for His forgiveness and pardon.
She stopped weeping and asked her parents to speak for her, but they had nothing to say, so she herself took the
initiative and said Should I tell you I am innocent, and Allh knows that I am surely innocent, you will not believe me;
and if I were to admit something of which, Allh knows, I am innocent, yo u will believe me, then I will have nothing to
make recourse to except the words of the father of Prophet Yusuf So (for me) patience is most fitting. And it is Allh
(Alone) Whose Help can be sought against that which you assert. *12:18+
At that decisive moment the Revelation came acquitting Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) of all the slanderous
talk fabricated in this concern. Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) of course, was wholeheartedly joyful and praised
Allh thankfully. Allhs Words in this regard went as follows:
Verily! Those who brought forth the slander (against Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) the wife of the Prophet
(Peace be upon him) are a group among you. *24:11+
The principal elements involved in the slander affair, Mistah bin Athatha, Hassan bin Thabit and Hamnah bint Jahsh,
were flogged with eighty stripes.
283
284
284
In the Shite sect of Islam known as the Ithna-ashariyyah or Twelvers, the articles of
faith or fundamentals of Islam differ from those of the Ahle Sunnat or Sunnis. These
are also known as Usool -ad-Deen or Roots of Religion. They are
1. Tawheed: The Oneness of God
2. 'Adl: Belief that God is Just and He will reward or punish any person according
to his deeds.
3. Nubuwwat: Belief in the Messengers.
4. Imamat: Belief in the divinely appointed leadership or the Imams
5. Qiyaamat: Belief in the Day of Judgment.
Amongst the above, we shall study Imamate or belief in the Twelve Imams.
The Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Prophet. Each of
them is an infallible human individual who not only rules over the community with
justice, but also is able to keep and interpret the Divine Law and its esoteric
meaning. The Prophet and Imams' words and deeds are a guide and model for the
community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin, and must be
chosen by divine decree, or nass, through the Prophet. It is believed by Twelver Shi'a
Muslims that the Twelve Imams were foretold in the Hadith of the Twelve
Successors. He is reported to have said:
"The (Islamic) religion will continue until the Hour (day of resurrection), having
twelve Caliphs for you, all of them will be from Quraysh."
The Imams were bestowed with Divine wisdom (aql) and knowledge (hikmah). They
suffered for the sake of religion and their sufferings were a means of divine grace to
their devotees. Although the Imam was not the recipient of a divine revelation, he
had a close relationship with God, through which God guides him, and the Imam in
turn guides the people.
There is always an Imam of the Age, who is the divinely appointed authority on all
matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. Hazrat Al was the first Imam of
this lineage, and in the Twelvers' view, the rightful successor to the Holy Prophet of
Islam, followed by male descendants of the Prophet his daughter Fatimah. Each
Imam was the son of the preceding Imam, with the exception of Hazrat Hussain ibn
Ali, who was the brother of Hazrat Hassan ibn Ali. The twelfth and final Imam is
Hazrat Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive,
and hidden till he returns to bring justice to the world.
284
285
285
Belief in Imamat, the divinely appointed leadership after the death of the Holy
Prophet is an integral part of Shite faith. Their role is to protect and guide mankind
with the revealed Truth, the Holy Qur'an and the true practices of the Holy Prophet
himself. They play an integral part in the protection of all the Messengers and their
divine Messages. Allah appointed them through the Holy Prophet himself to protect
mankind from misrepresenting and misinterpreting the Truth. They are sinless
(ma'soom) and perfect in the highest sense of the word. As the Imams have direct
knowledge from God, and their verdict is the verdict of God.
List of Imams
1. Hazrat Imam Ali bin Abu Talib
2. Hazrat Imam Hassan bin Ali
3. Hazrat Imam Husain bin Ali
4. Hazrat Imam Ali bin Husain
5. Hazrat Imam Muhammad bin Ali
6. Hazrat Imam Ja'far bin Muhammad
7. Hazrat Imam Musa bin Ja'far
8. Hazrat Imam Ali bin Musa
9. Hazrat Imam Muhammad bin Ali
10. Hazrat Imam Ali bin Muhammad
11. Hazrat Imam Hassan bin Ali
12. Hazrat Imam Muhammad bin Hassan
285
286
286
slept, Ali slept in place of the Prophet, while the Prophet left the house and set out
for Madina. After the departure of the Prophet, Ali gave back to the people the trusts
and charges that they had deposited with the Prophet. Then he went to Madinah
with his mother, the daughter of the Prophet, and two other women.
At Madina when the Prophet was creating bonds of brotherhood among his
companions he selected Ali as his brother. The Prophet gave Fatimah, his beloved
daughter to Ali as his wife.
Ali participated bravely in the battles of the Holy Prophet, except the battle of Tabuk
when he was ordered to stay in Madina in place of the Holy Prophet.
Ali was thirty-three years old when the Prophet died. He spent the next twenty five
years as an advisor to the first three caliphs and in educating people in Islamic
knowledge.
He became the fourth Caliph in 35 A.H. His caliphate of lasted for nearly five years,
throughout which he followed the way of the Prophet and gave his caliphate the
form of a spiritual movement and renewal.
Unfortunately, his caliphate was ridden with civil strife. The Muslims had split into
two groups, one supporting him and the other supporting A'ishah and Muawiya.
These two armies fought the "Battle of the Camel," and then the "Battle of Siffin."
After this a faction of his own supporters turned traitor. They are known as the
Khawarij. He also fought against the Khawarij in the Battle of Nahrawan Therefore,
most of the days of Ali's caliphate were spent in overcoming internal opposition.
Finally, in the morning of the 19th of Ramadan in the year 40 A.H., while praying in
the mosque of Kufa, he was wounded by one of the Khawarij and died as a martyr
during the night of the 21st of Ramadan. He was buried in Najaf, Iraq.
Ali had no shortcomings from the point of view of human perfection. And in the
Islamic virtues he was a perfect example of the upbringing and training given by the
Prophet. He was equally learned in science and wisdom and was most eloquent. His
courage was proverbial and services to Islam were exemplary.
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loving care. Soon after the death of the Prophet, Hazrat Fatimah also died and
Hassan was placed directly under the care of his noble father.
After the death of his father, through Divine Command and according to the will of
his father, Hazrat Imam Hassan became Imam; he also occupied the function of
caliph for about six months.
The governor of Syria, Mu'awiyah, who had been an opponent of his father as well,
challenged the caliphate of Hazrat Imam Hassan. War ensued, and finally the Hazrat
Imam made peace and yielded to the caliphate to Mu'awiyah, under certain
conditions. He did this as he desired to put an end to the civil strife and bloodshed
amongst the Muslims.
Hazrat Imam Hassan devoted the rest of his life to teaching and training scholars in
the Islamic faith, undergoing extreme hardship and persecution by his political rivals.
Finally, in the year 50 A.H. allegedly motivated by the Caliph Mu'awiyah, his wife
poisoned him and he was martyred.
In human perfection, Hazrat Imam Hassan was reminiscent of his father and a
perfect example of his noble grandfather. There are many traditions of the Holy
Prophet and Ali concerning the fact that Hazrat Imam Hassan would be the Imam
after his noble father.
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and affliction from Mu'awiyah and his aides, until in the middle of the year 60 A.H.
Mu'awiyah died and his son Yazid took his place.
Yazid, immediately after the death of his father ordered the governor of Madinah
either to force a pledge of allegiance from Hazrat Imam Hussain or send his head to
Damascus.
After the governor of Madinah informed Hazrat Imam Hussain of this demand, the
Hazrat Imam, in order to think over the question, asked for a delay and overnight
started with his family toward Makkah. He sought refuge in the sanctuary of God
which in Islam is the official place of refuge and security. This event occurred toward
the end of the month of Rajab and the beginning of Sha'ban of 60 A.H. For nearly
four months Hazrat Imam Hussain stayed in Makkah in refuge. This news spread
throughout the Islamic world. On the one hand many people who were tired of the
iniquities of Mu'awiyah's rule and were even more dissatisfied when Yazid became
caliph, corresponded with Hazrat Imam Hussain and expressed their sympathy for
him. On the other hand a flood of letters began to flow, especially from Iraq and
particularly the city of Kufa, inviting the Imam to go to Iraq and accept the leadership
of the populace there with the aim of beginning an uprising to overcome injustice
and iniquity. Naturally such a situation was dangerous for Yazid.
The stay of Hazrat Imam Hussain in Makkah continued until the season for
pilgrimage when Muslims from all over the world poured in groups into Makkah in
order to perform the rites of the Hajj. The Hazrat Imam discovered that some of the
followers of Yazid had entered Makkah as pilgrims (hajjis) with the mission to kill the
Imam during the rites of Hajj with the arms they carried under their special
pilgrimage dress (ihram). The Imam shortened the pilgrimage rites and decided to
leave. Amidst the vast crowd of people he stood up and in a short speech announced
that he was setting out for Iraq. In this short speech he also declared that he would
be martyred and asked Muslims to help him in attaining the goal he had in view and
to offer their lives in the path of God. The next day he set out with his family and a
group of his companions for Iraq.
Hazrat Imam Hussain was determined not to give his allegiance to Yazid, knowing
fully well that he would be killed. He was aware that his death was inevitable in the
face of the awesome military power of the Umayyads, supported as it was by
corruption in certain sectors, spiritual decline, and lack of will power among the
people, especially in Iraq. Some of the outstanding people of Makkah stood in the
way of Hazrat Imam Hussain and warned him of the danger of the move he was
making. But he answered that he would never pay allegiance to a ruler like Yazid and
give his approval to a government of injustice and tyranny. He added that he knew
that wherever he turned or went he would be killed. He would leave Makkah in
order to preserve the respect of the house of God and not allow this respect to be
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destroyed by having his blood spilled there. While on the way to Kufa and still a few
days' journey away from the city, he received news that the followers of Yazid in
Kufa had put to death the representative of the Imam in that city and also one of the
Imam's determined supporters who was a well-known man in Kufa.
Approximately seventy kilometers from Kufa, in a desert named Karbala, the Imam
and his entourage were surrounded by the army of Yazid. For eight days they stayed
in this spot during which the circle narrowed and the number of the enemy's army
increased. Finally the Imam, with his household and a small number of companions
were encircled by an army of thirty thousand soldiers.
On the tenth day of Muharram of the year 61/680 the Imam lined up before the
enemy with his small band of followers, less than ninety persons consisting of forty
of his companions, thirty some members of the army of the enemy that joined him
during the night and day of war, and his Hashimite family of children, brothers,
nephews, nieces and cousins. That day they fought from morning until their final
breath, the Imam, the young Hashimites and the companions were all martyred.
The army of the enemy, after ending the war, plundered the haram of the Imam and
burned his tents. They decapitated the bodies of the martyrs, denuded them and
threw them to the ground without burial. Then they moved the remaining members
of the family, all of whom were helpless women and girls, along with the heads of
the martyrs, to Kufa. Among the prisoners there were three male members: a
twenty-two year old son of Imam Hussain who was very ill and unable to move,
namely Hazrat Ali ibn Hussain, the fourth Imam; his four year old son, Hazrat
Muhammad ibn Ali, who became the fifth Imam.
The event of Karbala was a colossal crime that reminds us how the third Imam down
his life for the sake of Islam but refused to comprise on principles.
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'Abd al-Malik, he was chained and sent from Madinah to Damascus and then again
returned to Madinah.
The fourth Imam, upon returning to Madinah, retired from public life completely,
closed the door of his house to strangers and spent his time in worship. He was in
contact only with those seeking knowledge from him and other scholarly activities.
Among the works of the fourth Imam is a book called Sahifa al-Sajjadiyah. It consists
of fifty-seven prayers concerning the most sublime Divine sciences and is known as
"The Psalm of the Household of the Prophet."
The fourth Imam was poisoned by Walid ibn 'Abd al-Malik through the instigation of
the Umayyad caliph Hisham after thirty-five years of Imamate.
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sixth Imams is more than all the hadith that have been recorded from the Prophet
(sawas) and the other ten Imams combined.
The Imam was arrested several times by both Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, and
finally when he was released he spent the rest of his life in hiding in Madinah.
He too was poisoned and martyred through the intrigue of the Abbasid Caliph
Mansur.
Hazrat Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (128-183 AH)
The Seventh Imam, also known as Kazim, became Imam after the death of his father,
through Divine Command and the decree of his forefathers.
The seventh Imam was a contemporary of the Abbasid caliphs, Mansur, Hadi, Mahdi
and Harun. He lived in very difficult times and in hiding, until finally Harun went for
Hajj. In Madinah, he had the Imam arrested while praying in the Mosque of the
Prophet. He was chained and imprisoned, then taken from Madinah to Basra and
from Basra to Baghdad where for years he was transferred from one prison to
another. Finally he died in Baghdad in the Sindi ibn Shahak prison through poisoning
and was buried in the cemetery of the Quraysh which is now located in the city of
Kazimayn.
Hazrat Imam Ali ibn Musa (148-203 AH)
The Eight Imam was given the title of al-Ridha and was the son of the seventh Imam.
He was active in the scientific and scholarly debates that were popular at that time.
He followed the scholarly tradition as was befitting an Imam.
The period of his Imamate coincided with Mamun Abbasi. Mamun, in order to end
the conflict between the ruling class and the family of the Prophet, offered him the
caliphate and then the succession to the caliphate. The Imam, after much hesitation
and conditions, accepted the successorship.
But then Mamun had second thoughts and had the Imam poisoned and martyred.
The Imam was buried in the city of Tus in Iran, which is now called Mashhad.
Hazrat Imam Muhammad ibn Ali (196-220 AH)
The Ninth Imam was called Taqi and was the son of the eighth. He was born in
Madinah
At the time of the death of his father he was in Madinah. Ma'mun called him to
Baghdad which was then the capital of the caliphate and outwardly showed him
much kindness. He even gave the Imam his daughter in marriage and kept him in
Baghdad. In reality he wanted to keep a close watch upon the Imam through his
daughter. The Imam spent some time in Baghdad and then with the consent of
Ma'mum set out for Madinah where he remained until Ma'mun's death.
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In 220 AH, he was poisoned by his wife, the daughter of Ma'mun, at the instigation
of the Abbasid caliph Mu'tasim. He was buried next to his grandfather, the seventh
Imam, in Kazimayn
Hazrat Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Naqi (212-254 AH)
The Tenth Imam is also called Naqi and Hadi. He was the son of the ninth Imam. At
that time Ali ibn Muhammad Naqi was in Madinah. There he became the Imam
through Divine Command and the decree of the Imams before him. He stayed in
Madinah teaching religious sciences until the time of Mutawakkil, who was an ardent
but secret hater of the Imam and his family.
In 243 AH, Mutawakkil deceptively arranged for the Imam to come to visit him in
Samarrah, just to humiliate him. Throughout his caliphate, Mutawakkil spared no
chance to insult and harm the Imam and the members of the Prophets family.
In 254 AH, the tenth Imam too was poisoned and martyred by Mu'tazz the Abbasid
caliph.
Hazrat Imam Hasan ibn Ali (232-260 AH)
The Eleventh Imam, also known as Hassan Al-Askari was the son of the tenth Imam,
and gained the Imamate after the death of his noble father, through Divine
Command and through the decree of the previous Imams.
During the seven years of his Imamate, due to untold restrictions placed upon him
by the caliphate, he lived in hiding and dissimulation (taqiyah). He did not have any
social contact with even the common people among the Shi'ite population. Only the
elite of the Shi'ah were able to see him. Even so, he spent most of his time in prison.
The caliph of the time had decided definitely to put an end to the Imamate in The
Followers of Ahlu Bayt through every possible means and to close the door to the
Imamate once and for all.
However, he still managed to train many scholars and intellectuals in his lifetime.
He was poisoned and martyred through instigation of the Abbasid caliph Mu'tamid.
Hazrat Imam Muhammad ibn Hasan (256 AH- )
The Twelfth Imam is the promised Mahdi, who is usually mentioned by his title of
Imam-i 'Asr (the Imam of the "Period") and Sahib al-Zaman (the Lord of the Age),
and is the son of the eleventh Imam.
He was born in Samarrah and until his fathers martyrdom, lived under his care and
tutelage. He was hidden from public view and only a few of the elite among the
Shi'ah were able to meet him. After the martyrdom of his father he became Imam
and by Divine Command went into occultation (ghaybat). Thereafter he appeared
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only to his deputies and even then only in exceptional circumstances. Through these
special deputies he would answer the demands and questions of the Shi'ah.
But in 329 AH, he went into come occultation which will continue as long as God wills
it. However, he shall eventually return as per the prophecy of the Prophet to lead his
followers once again.
In the meantime, it is he who directs man's spiritual life and orients the inner aspect
of human action toward God: Clearly, his physical presence or absence has no effect
in this matter. The Imam watches over Shia inwardly and is in communion with the
soul and spirit of men even if he be hidden from their physical eyes. His existence is
always necessary even if the time has not as yet arrived for his outward appearance
and the universal reconstruction that he is to bring about.
The reappearance of the twelfth Imam is awaited by the Shiah and when he shall
return (as contained in many ahadith), he shall perform many great tasks and rid the
world of evil.
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The 12 Imams
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Shia Beleifs
In the Shite sect of Islam known as the Ithna-ashariyyah or
Twelvers, the articles of faith or fundamentals of Islam differ from
those of the Ahle Sunnat or Sunnis.
These are also known as Usool -ad-Deen or Roots of Religion. They
are
1. Tawheed or the Oneness of God
2. 'Adl or the belief that God is Just and He will reward or punish any
person according to his deeds.
3. Nubuwwat or belief in the Messengers.
4. Imamat or belief in the divinely appointed leadership or Imams
5. Qiyaamat or belief in the Day of Judgment.
Amongst the above, we shall study Imamat or belief in the Twelve
Imams.
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Belief in Imamate
Belief in Imamat, the divinely appointed leadership after the
death of the Holy Prophet is an integral part of Shite faith
Only Ali & the Prophets descendents can be Imams
Their role is to protect and guide mankind with the revealed
Truth, the Holy Qur'an and the true practices of the Holy
Prophet himself
They play an integral part in the protection of all the
Messengers and their divine Messages
Allah appointed them through the Holy Prophet himself to
protect mankind from misrepresenting and misinterpreting
the Truth
Imams have direct knowledge from God, and their verdict is
the verdict of God
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He is the promised Mahdi & called Imam-i 'Asr (the Imam of the "Period") and
Sahib al-Zaman (the Lord of the Age)
The son of the eleventh Imam.
He was born in Samarrah and until his fathers martyrdom, lived under his care
and tutelage
Kept hidden from public view
After the martyrdom of his father he became Imam and by Divine Command
went into occultation (ghaybat)
Appointed deputies for his work & met them only when absolutely necessary
In 329 AH, he went into Occultation which will continue as long as God wills it
Shall eventually return as per the prophecy of the Prophet to lead his followers
once again.
Even now it is he who directs man's spiritual life and orients the inner aspect of
human action toward God
Awaited by the Shiah
When he shall return , shall perform many great tasks and rid the world of evil.
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Importance / Conclusion
It was the largest Muslim army never mobilized on this scale except in the
process of the Khandaq Battle.
Even though the battle did not satisfy the Muslims' objective, namely
avenging Al-Harith's murder, it resulted in a far-ranging impact and
attached to the Muslims a great reputation in the battlefields.
The battle was a real miracle proving that the Muslims were something
exceptional not then familiar. Moreover, it gave evidence that Allh backed
them and their Prophet, Muhammad, was really Allh's Messenger
Many tribes were so impressed that they embraced Islam out of their own
sweet free will.
Mu'tah Battle was the 1st but not the last encounter with the Byzantines
subsequently.
Many battles would follow in the years to come during the era of the
Caliphs resulting in the supremacy of the Muslims.
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Collector
Size
1 Kitab al-Kafi
15,176
9,044
3 Tahdhib al-Ahkam
13,590
4 Al-Istibsar
5,511
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Kitab al-Kafi
Compiled by Muhammad Yaqb Kulayn in 3rd century Hijri, it is
divided into three sections:
1. Usl al-Kf, which is concerned with the principles of religion
2. Fur al-Kf, which is concerned with the details of religious law
3. Rawdat al-Kf, which is concerned with various religious aspects
and includes some writings of the Imms
In total, al-Kf comprises of about 16,000 narrations
The author states that this book would be sufficient for all the
needs of a believer as it includes all branches of religious
knowledge
He further says in his preface that he only collected ahadith he
thought were important
He left the verification of these ahadith up to later scholars.
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Rights of Animals 1 of 4
First, Islam requires that pets or farm animals be
provided with proper food, water, and a place to
live. Once the Prophet passed by an emaciated
camel due to hunger, he said:
Fear God in regards to these animals who can not
speak their will. If you ride them, treat them
accordingly (by making them strong and fit for
that), and if you [plan to] eat them, treat them
accordingly (by making them fat and healthy).
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Rights of Animals 2 of 4
Second, an animal should not be beaten or
tortured. Once the Prophet of Mercy passed by
an animal branded on his face. He said, Has it
not reached you that I have cursed the one who
brands an animals face or hits it on its face?
The Prophet of Mercy advised his wife to treat an
unruly camel that she was riding kindly.
Making animals fight one another for
entertainment was also forbidden by the
Prophet.
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Rights of Animals 3 of 4
Third, Islam forbids using animals or birds for
targets when practicing shooting.
The Prophet cursed anyone who made a living
thing into a target (for practice)
The Prophet also said: Whoever kills a bird or
anything else without its due right, God would
ask him about it. It was said: O Messenger of
God! What is its due right? He said: To kill it for
foodand do not sever its head, and throw it!
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Rights of Animals 4 of 4
Fourth, separating nestling birds from their
mothers is not allowed in Islam.
Fifth, it is forbidden to mutilate an animal by
cutting off its ears, tails or other body parts
without just reason.
Sixth, a sick animal under ones care should
be treated properly.
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Steps by (Muhadditheen) to
ensure
authenticity
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Parts of a Hadith
Components of
Hadith
sanad
Chain of
narrators
Matn
Text
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Al-Adalah:
The narrator must be a sane Muslim adult
who has never committed a major sin and is known to avoid
even the minor ones.
His trustworthiness (Amanah) must be above par.
Ad Dabt: The narrator must have an excellent memory and
transmit the hadith as it is to the next in line.
His truthfulness (Sidq) be above par and must never have
been accused of lying, even in a joke.
He should not have been accused of committing a crime.
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8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
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Sahih
Authentic
Hasan
Good
Daif
Weak
Maudo
Fabricated
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Main Types
of
Hadith
Sahih
Authentic
Hasan
Good
Daif
Weak
Maudo
Fabricated
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It is like As-Sahih
Tradition, except
for the fact that a
slight weakness is
found in its chain.
Though reliable, it
is lower in status
to a Sahih hadith.
Main Types
of
Hadith
Sahih
Authentic
Hasan
Good
Daif
Weak
Maudo
Fabricated
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Main Types
of
Hadith
Sahih
Authentic
Hasan
Good
Daif
Weak
Maudo
Fabricated
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Main Types
of
Hadith
Sahih
Authentic
Hasan
Good
Daif
Weak
Maudo
Fabricated
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1.
2.
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