You are on page 1of 510

Anumakonda Jagadeesh

Edit Profile

@Jagadeesh1

Comments 1292
Discussions
Recommends
Followers 16
Following 1

400 Upvotes

Nellore

http://drjagadeeshncda.blogspot.com/

Joined Feb 18, 2011


FREQUENTED COMMUNITIES

IEEE Spectrum

TreeHugger.com

LoveToKnow

SciDev.Net

Grist

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Ashok Jhunjhunwala: Reengineering Rural India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 19 hours ago Pending

I designed a simple,innovative kit for providing drinking water for All:


Safe Drinking Water for All
Impure water is the root cause for many diseases especially in
developing countries. Millions of people become sick each year from drinking
contaminated water. In many regions of the world, sunshine is abundantly
available which can be effectively utilised to provide safe drinking water to
the millions of people. A portable, low-cost, and low maintenance solar
disinfection unit to provide potable water has been designed and tested. The
solar disinfection system has been tested with bore water, well as well as
waste water. In 6 hours when the ambient temperature was 30 degrees Celsius,
the unit eradicated 3 log 10 (99.99%) of bacteria contained in the water
samples. The unit will provide about 6 liters of pure drinking water and larger
units can be fabricated for providing safe drinking water at community level in
developing countries.

Introduction
Every 8 seconds, a child dies from water related disease around the globe. 50%
of people in developing countries suffer from one or more water-related
diseases. 80% of diseases in the developing countries are caused by
contaminated water. Providing safe drinking water to the people has been a
major challenge for Governments in developing countries. Conventional
technologies used to disinfect water are: ozonation, chlorination and
artificial UV radiation. These technologies require sophisticated equipment,
are capital intensive and require skilled operators . Boiling water requires
about 1 kg of wood/liter of water which results in deforestation in developing
countries. Also halazone or calcium hypochlorite tablets or solutions (sodium
hypochlorite at 1 to 2 drops per liter)
are used to disinfect drinking water. These methods are environmentally unsound
or hygienically unsafe when performed by a layperson. Misuse of sodium
hypochlorite solution poses a safety hazard.
Treatment to control waterborne microbial contaminants by exposure to sunlight
in clear vessels that allows the combined germicidal effects of both UV
radiation and heat has been developed and put into practice .The SODIS
system(Solar Disinfection of water) developed by scientists at the Swiss
Federal Agency for Environmental Science and Technology(EAWAG) recommends
placing PET bottles (usually discarded mineral water/beverage bottles) painted
black on one side, aerating (oxygenating) the water by vigorous shaking three
fourths water filled bottles and then filling them full and placing them in
sunlight for 6 hours. In this method, the water is exposed to UV radiation in
sunlight, primarily UV-A and it becomes heated; both effects contribute to the
inactivation of water borne microbes. The use of PET bottles requires periodic
replacement because of scratches and they become deformed if temperature
exceeds 65 degrees C. Also dust accumulates on these bottles in the groves
(provided for strength). The PET bottle mineral water manufacturers print on
the label, crush the bottle after use in India. Unless cleaned thoroughly
everyday, PET bottles turn brown over usage rendering lesser transmission of
sunlight.
Microorganisms are heat sensitive. It can be seen that it is not required

to boil the water in order to kill 99.9% of the microorganisms. Heating up


water to 50 - 60 degrees C for one hour has the same effect .
The most favorable region for solar disinfection lies between latitudes 15 o
N/S and 35 o N/S. These semi-arid regions are characterised by high solar
radiation and limited cloud coverage and rainfall (3000 hours sunshine per
year).The second most favorable region lies between the equator and latitude 15
0 N/S, the scattered radiation in this region is quite high (2500 hours
sunshine per year).
The need for a low-cost, low maintenance and effective disinfection system for
providing safe drinking water is paramount, especially for the developing
countries.
Materials And Methods
The innovative solar disinfection system has a wooden frame of
length 2 ft,width 1 foot and depth 6 inches with bottom sinusoidal shaped
polished stainless steel (curvature slightly larger than standard glass wine
bottles, about 5 inches diameter) . On the front is fixed a glass sheet having
lifting arrangement with a knob (this glass enclosure will protect the glass
bottles from cooling down due to outside wind). There are screws which can be
used to keep the contents airtight. On the backside a stand is fixed which will
help the unit to be placed according to the latitude of the place for maximum
solar insolation. In this method clear glass bottles (used wine bottles) are
utilised instead of PET bottles as the former are easy to clean, lasts longer
and are available at a low cost in India. Solar disinfection is more efficient
in water containing high levels of oxygen; sunlight produces highly reactive
forms of oxygen (oxygen free radicals and hydrogen peroxides) in the water.
These reactive forms of oxygen kill the microorganisms. Aeration of water is
achieved by shaking the 3/4 water filled bottles for about 20 seconds before
they are filled completely.
The unit has an advantage in that the rear reflection stainless steel will pass
the light through the bottles a second time, to both increase exposure and
eliminate shadowing. This reflection system will increase the light intensity
minimum 2 times. It has been widely experimented and established by earlier
researchers that at temperature of 50 degrees C, pathogenic microbes are

inactivated. The temperatures which cause approximately a 1-log decrease in


viability with 1 min are 55 degrees C for protozoan cysts; 60 degrees C for
E.coli, enteric bacteria, and rotavirus; and 65 degrees C for hepatitis A virus
. Negar Safapour and Robert H.Metcalf in their extensive studies reported
enhancement of solar water pasteurization with reflectors and the crucial role
of temperature above 50 degrees C in the elimination of pathogens.
Operation
The unit is placed in the south direction (in India) around 10
am with inclination equal to the latitude of the place. The glass bottles are
filled with water three fourths and shaken for 20 seconds to generate oxygen
and then completely filled. The water filled bottles are fixed with caps and
put in the groves of the solar disinfection unit. The glass door is closed and
clipped airtight. Water bottles are removed from the unit at 3 pm and taken to
a cool place and the disinfected water transferred to a clean vessel, covered
for later usage.
Suspended particles in the water reduce the penetration of solar
radiation into the water and protect microorganisms from being irradiated.
Solar disinfection requires relatively clear water with a turbidity less than
30 NTU.To remove turbidity traditional methods of putting the paste from seed
of strichnos potatorum (Nirmal seeds) by rubbing the seed on a rough stone with
water is used. The method is effective, turbidity settles down in half of an
hour and the seed are available in plenty in forests in India besides being
inexpensive.
Samples Testing
Water samples with the solar disinfection unit were tested with
Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. To estimate the number of aerobic
organisms present in water, Pour Plate Technique has been used.
Results
The test results of various water samples disinfected show
99.99% purity. In the samples
Acknowledgement

The project is financially supported by Science and Society


Division, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
AT
Appropriate Technology
Affordable Technology
Alternative Technology
Accessible Technology
Acceptable Technology
Water is the elixir of life Leonardo da Vinci
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 days ago Removed

ON ATMs
I was in Secunderabad SD Road to book an Air Ticket to US. I went to 5 ATMs nearby
but to my surprise they were not functioning. Similar Experience I found in my
hometown,Nellore. In India advanced systems should be rugged for operation as they
will be handled by different sections of people and some times uneducated.
Of late much push is given to Water ATMs. Though these ATMs are couple of years
old,press blown them out of proportions as if they are the solution for drinking water
availability in Rural areas.
Here is a critical Analysis of Water ATMs and a simple,innovative Solar Disinfection
method to provide 'Safe Drinking Water for All' which uses thermal and UV present in
Sunlight.
No doubt the method sounds novel as we have such buzz words like ATM,prepaid card
etc. People with western thinking and orientation are ignorant of the realities in rural
areas of developing countries. Can this system work? Is it sustainable? Even simple Box
Type Solar Cooker could not penetrate in Rural areas which is more than 60 years old.

Only 6 lakh units sold(but not all of them used). What is the fate of solar panels at
signals? In India the major problem is dust accumulation on the solar panels. Who
undertakes regular cleaning? Even regular ATM(Cash) ,there are many cases of theft. Is
the WATER ATM Fool Proof? How much quantity it can meet? There is a notion among
planners and western educated that, RURAL IS BAD,URBAN IS BETTER AND
FOREIGN IS THE BEST. It is not at all valid in many cases in India.
Technology is culture specific. There are many water purification technologies available
which are simple and can be readily adoptable in rural areas. One such method
designed, demonstrated and disseminated is SOLAR DISINFECTION OF WATER.
Safe Drinking Water for All
Impure water is the root cause for many diseases especially in developing countries.
Millions of people become sick each year from drinking contaminated water. In many
regions of the world, sunshine is abundantly available which can be effectively utilised to
provide safe drinking water to the millions of people. A portable, low-cost, and low
maintenance solar disinfection unit to provide potable water has been designed and
tested. The solar disinfection system has been tested with bore water, well as well as
waste water. In 6 hours when the ambient temperature was 30 degrees Celsius, the unit
eradicated 3 log 10 (99.99%) of bacteria contained in the water samples. The unit will
provide about 6 liters of pure drinking water and larger units can be fabricated for
providing safe drinking water at community level in developing countries.
Introduction
Every 8 seconds, a child dies from water related disease around the globe. 50% of
people in developing countries suffer from one or more water-related diseases. 80% of
diseases in the developing countries are caused by contaminated water. Providing safe
drinking water to the people has been a major challenge for Governments in developing
countries. Conventional technologies used to disinfect water are: ozonation, chlorination
and artificial UV radiation. These technologies require sophisticated equipment, are
capital intensive and require skilled operators . Boiling water requires about 1 kg of
wood/liter of water which results in deforestation in developing countries. Also halazone
or calcium hypochlorite tablets or solutions (sodium hypochlorite at 1 to 2 drops per liter)
are used to disinfect drinking water. These methods are environmentally unsound or
hygienically unsafe when performed by a layperson. Misuse of sodium hypochlorite
solution poses a safety hazard .

Treatment to control waterborne microbial contaminants by exposure to sunlight in clear


vessels that allows the combined germicidal effects of both UV radiation and heat has
been developed and put into practice .The SODIS system(Solar Disinfection of water)
developed by scientists at the Swiss Federal Agency for Environmental Science and
Technology(EAWAG) recommends placing PET bottles (usually discarded mineral
water/beverage bottles) painted black on one side, aerating (oxygenating) the water by
vigorous shaking three fourths water filled bottles and then filling them full and placing
them in sunlight for 6 hours. In this method, the water is exposed to UV radiation in
sunlight, primarily UV-A and it becomes heated; both effects contribute to the
inactivation of water borne microbes. The use of PET bottles requires periodic
replacement because of scratches and they become deformed if temperature exceeds
65 degrees C. Also dust accumulates on these bottles in the groves (provided for
strength). The PET bottle mineral water manufacturers print on the label, crush the
bottle
after use in India. Unless cleaned thoroughly everyday, PET bottles turn brown over
usage rendering lesser transmission of sunlight.
Microorganisms are heat sensitive. It can be seen that it is not required
to boil the water in order to kill 99.9% of the microorganisms. Heating up water to 50 60 degrees C for one hour has the same effect .
The most favorable region for solar disinfection lies between latitudes 150 N/S and 35 o
N/S. These semi-arid regions are characterised by high solar radiation and limited cloud
coverage and rainfall (3000 hours sunshine per year).The second most favorable region
lies between the equator and latitude 15 o N/S, the scattered radiation in this region is
quite high (2500 hours sunshine per year).
The need for a low-cost, low maintenance and effective disinfection system for providing
safe drinking water is paramount, especially for the developing countries.
Materials And Methods
The innovative solar disinfection system has a wooden frame of length 2 ft,width 1 foot
and depth 6 inches with bottom sinusoidal shaped polished stainless steel (curvature
slightly larger than standard glass wine bottles, about 5 inches diameter) . On the front
is fixed a glass sheet having lifting arrangement with a knob (this glass enclosure will
protect the glass bottles from cooling down due to outside wind). There are screws
which can be used to keep the contents airtight. On the backside a stand is fixed which

will help the unit to be placed according to the latitude of the place for maximum solar
insolation. In this method clear glass bottles (used wine bottles) are utilised instead of
PET bottles as the former are easy to clean, lasts longer and are available at a low cost
in India. Solar disinfection is more efficient in water containing high levels of oxygen;
sunlight produces highly reactive forms of oxygen (oxygen free radicals and hydrogen
peroxides) in the water. These reactive forms of oxygen kill the microorganisms.
Aeration of water is achieved by shaking the 3/4 water filled bottles for about 20 seconds
before they are filled completely.
The unit has an advantage in that the rear reflection stainless steel will pass the light
through the bottles a second time, to both increase exposure and eliminate shadowing.
This reflection system will increase the light intensity minimum 2 times. It has been
widely experimented and established by earlier researchers that at temperature of 50
degrees C, pathogenic microbes are inactivated. The temperatures which cause
approximately a 1-log decrease in viability with 1 min are 55 degrees C for protozoan
cysts; 60 degrees C for E.coli, enteric bacteria, and rotavirus; and 65 degrees C for
hepatitis A virus (. Negar Safapour and Robert H.Metcalf ( in their extensive studies
reported enhancement of solar water pasteurization with reflectors and the crucial role
of temperature above 50 degrees C in the elimination of pathogens.
Operation
The unit is placed in the south direction (in India) around 10 am with inclination equal to
the latitude of the place. The glass bottles are filled with water three fourths and shaken
for 20 seconds to generate oxygen and then completely filled. The water filled bottles
are fixed with caps and put in the groves of the solar disinfection unit. The glass door is
closed and clipped airtight. Water bottles are removed from the unit at 3 pm and taken to
a cool place and the disinfected water transferred to a clean vessel, covered for later
usage.
Suspended particles in the water reduce the penetration of solar radiation into the water
and protect microorganisms from being irradiated. Solar disinfection requires relatively
clear water with a turbidity less than 30 NTU.To remove turbidity traditional methods of
putting the paste from seed of strichnos potatorum (Nirmal seeds) by rubbing the seed
on a rough stone with water is used. The method is effective, turbidity settles down in
half of an hour and the seed are available in plenty in forests in India besides being
inexpensive.

Samples Testing
Water samples with the solar disinfection unit were tested with Most Probable Number
(MPN) technique. To estimate the number of aerobic organisms present in water, Pour
Plate Technique has been used.
Results
The test results of various water samples disinfected show 99.99% purity. In the
samples
Acknowledgement
The project is financially supported by Science and Society Division, Department of
Science and Technology, Government of India.
AT
Appropriate Technology
Affordable Technology
Alternative Technology
Accessible Technology
Acceptable Technology
Water is the elixir of life Leonardo da Vinci
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 days ago Removed

ON ATMs
I was in Secunderabad SD Road to book an Air Ticket to US. I went to 5 ATMs nearby
but to my surprise they were not functioning. Similar Experience I found in my
hometown,Nellore. In India advanced systems should be rugged for operation as they
will be handled by different sections of people and some times uneducated.
Of late much push is given to Water ATMs. Though these ATMs are couple of years
old,press bown them out of proportions as if they are the solution for drinking water

availability in Rural areas.


Here is a critical Analysis of Water ATMs and a simple,innovative Solar Disinfection
method to provide 'Safe Drinking Water for All' which uses thermal and UV present in
Sunlight.
Here is a critical analysis of Water ATMs and how even simple methods like Solar
Disinfection were not promoted by Government:
No doubt the method sounds novel as we have such buzz words like ATM,prepaid card
etc. People with western thinking and orientation are ignorant of the realities in rural
areas of developing countries. Can this system work? Is it sustainable? Even simple Box
Type Solar Cooker could not penetrate in Rural areas which is more than 60 years old.
Only 6 lakh units sold(but not all of them used). What is the fate of solar panels at
signals? In India the major problem is dust accumulation on the solar panels. Who
undertakes regular cleaning? Even regular ATM(Cash) ,there are many cases of theft. Is
the WATER ATM Fool Proof? How much quantity it can meet? There is a notion among
planners and western educated that, RURAL IS BAD,URBAN IS BETTER AND
FOREIGN IS THE BEST. It is not at all valid in many cases in India.
Technology is culture specific. There are many water purification technologies available
which are simple and can be readily adoptable in rural areas. One such method
designed, demonstrated and disseminated is SOLAR DISINFECTION OF WATER.
Safe Drinking Water for All
Impure water is the root cause for many diseases especially in developing countries.
Millions of people become sick each year from drinking contaminated water. In many
regions of the world, sunshine is abundantly available which can be effectively utilised to
provide safe drinking water to the millions of people. A portable, low-cost, and low
maintenance solar disinfection unit to provide potable water has been designed and
tested. The solar disinfection system has been tested with bore water, well as well as
waste water. In 6 hours when the ambient temperature was 30 degrees Celsius, the unit
eradicated 3 log 10 (99.99%) of bacteria contained in the water samples. The unit will
provide about 6 liters of pure drinking water and larger units can be fabricated for
providing safe drinking water at community level in developing countries.
Introduction
Every 8 seconds, a child dies from water related disease around the globe. 50% of
people in developing countries suffer from one or more water-related diseases. 80% of

diseases in the developing countries are caused by contaminated water. Providing safe
drinking water to the people has been a major challenge for Governments in developing
countries. Conventional technologies used to disinfect water are: ozonation, chlorination
and artificial UV radiation. These technologies require sophisticated equipment, are
capital intensive and require skilled operators (1,17,20). Boiling water requires about 1
kg of wood/liter of water which results in deforestation in developing countries. Also
halazone or calcium hypochlorite tablets or solutions (sodium hypochlorite at 1 to 2
drops per liter)
are used to disinfect drinking water. These methods are environmentally unsound or
hygienically unsafe when performed by a layperson. Misuse of sodium hypochlorite
solution poses a safety hazard (2,4,11).
Treatment to control waterborne microbial contaminants by exposure to sunlight in clear
vessels that allows the combined germicidal effects of both UV radiation and heat has
been developed and put into practice (5,712,13,14,18,19).The SODIS system(Solar
Disinfection of water) developed by scientists at the Swiss Federal Agency for
Environmental Science and Technology(EAWAG) recommends placing PET bottles
(usually discarded mineral water/beverage bottles) painted black on one side, aerating
(oxygenating) the water by vigorous shaking three fourths water filled bottles and then
filling them full and placing them in sunlight for 6 hours. In this method, the water is
exposed to UV radiation in sunlight, primarily UV-A and it becomes heated; both effects
contribute to the inactivation of water borne microbes. The use of PET bottles requires
periodic replacement because of scratches and they become deformed if temperature
exceeds 65 degrees C. Also dust accumulates on these bottles in the groves (provided
for strength). The PET bottle mineral water manufacturers print on the label, crush the
bottle
after use in India. Unless cleaned thoroughly everyday, PET bottles turn brown over
usage rendering lesser transmission of sunlight.
Microorganisms are heat sensitive. It can be seen that it is not required
to boil the water in order to kill 99.9% of the microorganisms. Heating up water to 50 60 degrees C for one hour has the same effect (2,21).
The most favorable region for solar disinfection lies between latitudes 150 N/S and 35 0
N/S. These semi-arid regions are characterised by high solar radiation and limited cloud
coverage and rainfall (3000 hours sunshine per year).The second most favorable region
lies between the equator and latitude 15 0 N/S, the scattered radiation in this region is

quite high (2500 hours sunshine per year).


The need for a low-cost, low maintenance and effective disinfection system for providing
safe drinking water is paramount, especially for the developing countries.
Materials And Methods
The innovative solar disinfection system has a wooden frame of length 2 ft,width 1 foot
and depth 6 inches with bottom sinusoidal shaped polished stainless steel (curvature
slightly larger than standard glass wine bottles, about 5 inches diameter) . On the front
is fixed a glass sheet having lifting arrangement with a knob (this glass enclosure will
protect the glass bottles from cooling down due to outside wind). There are screws
which can be used to keep the contents airtight. On the backside a stand is fixed which
will help the unit to be placed according to the latitude of the place for maximum solar
insolation. In this method clear glass bottles (used wine bottles) are utilised instead of
PET bottles as the former are easy to clean, lasts longer and are available at a low cost
in India. Solar disinfection is more efficient in water containing high levels of oxygen;
sunlight produces highly reactive forms of oxygen (oxygen free radicals and hydrogen
peroxides) in the water. These reactive forms of oxygen kill the microorganisms.
Aeration of water is achieved by shaking the 3/4 water filled bottles for about 20 seconds
before they are filled completely.
The unit has an advantage in that the rear reflection stainless steel will pass the light
through the bottles a second time, to both increase exposure and eliminate shadowing.
This reflection system will increase the light intensity minimum 2 times. It has been
widely experimented and established by earlier researchers that at temperature of 50
degrees C, pathogenic microbes are inactivated. The temperatures which cause
approximately a 1-log decrease in viability with 1 min are 55 degrees C for protozoan
cysts; 60 degrees C for E.coli, enteric bacteria, and rotavirus; and 65 degrees C for
hepatitis A virus (3,6,8,9,10,16). Negar Safapour and Robert H.Metcalf (15) in their
extensive studies reported enhancement of solar water pasteurization with reflectors
and the crucial role of temperature above 50 degrees C in the elimination of pathogens.
Operation
The unit is placed in the south direction (in India) around 10 am with inclination equal to
the latitude of the place. The glass bottles are filled with water three fourths and shaken
for 20 seconds to generate oxygen and then completely filled. The water filled bottles
are fixed with caps and put in the groves of the solar disinfection unit. The glass door is

closed and clipped airtight. Water bottles are removed from the unit at 3 pm and taken to
a cool place and the disinfected water transferred to a clean vessel, covered for later
usage.
Suspended particles in the water reduce the penetration of solar radiation into the water
and protect microorganisms from being irradiated. Solar disinfection requires relatively
clear water with a turbidity less than 30 NTU.To remove turbidity traditional methods of
putting the paste from seed of strichnos potatorum (Nirmal seeds) by rubbing the seed
on a rough stone with water is used. The method is effective, turbidity settles down in
half of an hour and the seed are available in plenty in forests in India besides being
inexpensive.
Samples Testing
Water samples with the solar disinfection unit were tested with Most Probable Number
(MPN) technique. To estimate the number of aerobic organisms present in water, Pour
Plate Technique has been used.
Results
The test results of various water samples disinfected show 99.99% purity. In the
samples
Acknowledgement
The project is financially supported by Science and Society Division, Department of
Science and Technology, Government of India.
AT
Appropriate Technology
Affordable Technology
Alternative Technology
Accessible Technology
Acceptable Technology
Water is the elixir of life Leonardo da Vinci
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 days ago

Of late it has become fashion to combine solar power with various applications and one
such thing is solar ATM. The basic requirement for any ATM is reliable power while
Solar is intermittent and available in day time only. Of course storage of power in
Batteries. ATM deals with Money and it should be fool proof. For the system safety and
comfort of the user Air Conditioned room is preferred. How much is the Solar PV panel
Area required for this? Where to put the Solar Panels? Who will keep them clean for
optimum efficiency? Earlier there was much publicity for Water ATMs which is not a
success. Designers of these so called novel devices fail to understand the present low
efficiency of solar cell.
On the other hand rural area needs household energy. Solar Cooker is nearly 60 years
old. Why not Scientists desin a Box Type Solar Cooker with storage? Solar
Thermal is more reliable. In Japan there are 6 million solar water heaters in
use even though the ambient temperature never crosses 27 degrees celsius and in
India . So is in US,Germany,Denmark etc. When Solar Thermal technology is so
simple why solar water heaters have not caught up in many states even with
incentives?
INNOVATIVE VERTICAL & CYLINDRICAL SOLAR WATER HEATER DESIGNED BY
Dr.A.JAGADEESH,
Everybodys Solar Water Heater
Why solar water heaters have not made much headway in India? Is it the
cost? Can we think of alternate designs? A simple, cost-effective solar water heater
utilizing locally available material has been designed and tested.
DESIGN DETAILS
Two vertical and cylindrical drums made of stainless steel/copper of height 0.6 m
and diameter 32cm. Polyethylene cover to simulate green house effect.
A lotus shaped omni-directional stainless steel reflector. A bamboo basket with rock
wool and polyethylene covering acts as insulator.
OPERATION

Unit filled with potable water at 9 am Insulator covered over the collector at 4 pm.
Temperatures up to 70 degrees Celsius can be obtained in south India
100 litre unit costs around US 100 (about Rs. 6000) in South India. compared to
commercial 100 litre systems US$ 300.
ADVANTAGES
The Unit is mobile and easy to install and dismantle while transporting.
No necessity of cold water supply through pipes.
No need for overhead storage tank to supply cold water.
There is no need to have separate collector as it is an integrated system.
Since the collector is made of stainless steel, the hot water will be hygienic.
Because of the omni-directional reflector, relatively higher water temperatures are
obtained even in moderate sunshine.
The unit occupies less space being vertical and cylindrical, on the
ground or roof.
All the materials used in the fabrication of this simple and cost effective solar water
heater are available locally.
The unit is durable except that the polyethylene cover has to be
replaced once in 4 months, which costs just Rs 100 (about 2US$).
By the usage of pre -heated water for cooking from this unit, considerable fuel such as
firewood, kerosene, gas, electricity etc., can be conserved.
I designed many Renewable Energy Gadgets like Simple Solar Drier,Hand Operated
Washing machine, Hand operated Battery charger, Energy conservation in electric
pumpsets, Microhydro device for low heads, Multiple uses of gas stove, Passive cooling
of houses with clay covers, etc.
Also Our Centre is involved in the promotion of Biofuel/biogaspower/biochar from
care-free growth, regenerative CAM plants like Agave and Opuntia in vast
wastelands in India.
In India there is rich Indigenous talent which should be tapped. There are geniuses
everywhere. Often identifying the right problem is difficult rather than
finding a possible solution. People are better judges to identify the problems
and since they benefit most by the solutions, they can contribute for finding
the best solutions.
A novel and innovative scheme is suggested to achieve the above goal.
In developing countries the Government can advertise in the media seeking problems

from the people in different disciplines like education, health, energy,


industry etc. The problems received can be screened, studied and short-listed
by a committee comprising government officials, experts, representatives from
N.G.Os etc. The short-listed problems can be re-advertised seeking solutions
from people. The solutions received can be studied in detail and the best
solutions given awards. To catch a fish the bait should be attractive enough.
As such there should be sizeable incentive so that people can devote their
talent and energies for finding solutions. As the saying goes Anything can be
done for a Dollar. In this way the creative potential of the people can be
tapped to the full and a thought process will be set in motion in the country.
In India a general knowledge programme conducted by a Super Star on TV is a
roaring success and children, youth and old-all alike have become addicted to
get equipped with general knowledge so that they can try their luck for winning
fabulous cash prizes.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 30 comments

Cree Loses Heat Sink to Engineer Cheaper LED Bulb

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 days ago Removed

Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Five Things You Might Not Know About Moores Law

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Moores Law Milestones

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 days ago

Outstanding.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

Robot Artist Draws Giant Sketches on the Beach

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Amazing.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Video Friday: Humanoids Sing, Giant Eyeball Robot, and


Kuka Ping Pong Revenge

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Fantastic.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Video Friday: Mars Helicopter, 100 Robots Dancing, and


Putin's Combat Cyborg

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Outstanding.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Video Friday: Teleoperated Balloon Animals, Zipperbots,


and Indiana Darwin

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Fantastic.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Video Friday: RoboCore, Anki Overdrive, Valkyrie's New


Moves

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Video Friday: AI Arcade, iCub on One Leg, and Robot Head


in Your Kitchen

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Outstanding.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

University of Pennsylvania Unleashes Robot Jerboa Upon


the World

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Video Friday: Snake Monster, Nao in a Ball Pit, and


Holidays are Over

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Outstanding.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Robotic Cameras Learn To Follow Basketball

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Flying, Walking Vampire Bat Robot is Back

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Very Interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

These Inflatable Pouch Motors Will Make Building Robots


as Easy as Using Stickers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Outstanding.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 16 comments

Spot Is Boston Dynamics' Nimble New Quadruped Robot

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Video Friday: Robotic Garden, Drone With Parachute, and


Chocolate Robot Competition

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Developments beyond imagination.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Pleurobot Is an Eerily Lifelike Robotic Salamander

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Indication of coming Robot Age !


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Video Friday: Shifty Humaonid, ROS Hexapod, and


Beautiful RoboRavens

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Video Friday: Chameleon Gripper, Swarmie robots, and


Superman With GoPro

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Spectacular.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Video Friday: Robot Sword Fights, MIT Basement Racing,


and RoboGames

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Marvellous.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Video Friday: Robotic Kitchen, Swarming Drones, and


Robots Want Your Blood

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Fantastic.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Video Friday: Sphero Droid, Quadcopter Jogging, and


Robot Feeds You Marshmallows

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

DORA Platform Turns Robotic Telepresence Into a Fully


Immersive Experience

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

From MECHANISATION to ROBOTISATION - Advances beyond imagination.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 17 comments

The Forgotten History of Small Nuclear Reactors

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 days ago

Excellent. Small Nuclear Reactors have a place in the Energy Mix ,especially of
developing countries like India.
Small Modular Reactors
One way of getting around many of these problems is through the development of small
modular reactors (SMR). These are reactors capable of generating about 300
megawatts of power or less, which is enough to run 45,000 US homes. Though small,
SMRs are proper reactors. They are quite different from the radio-thermal generators
(RTG) used in spacecraft and remote lighthouses in Siberia. Nuclear reactors such as
SMRs use controlled nuclear fission to generate power while RTGs use natural
radioactive decay to power a relatively simple thermoelectric generator that can only
produce, at most, about two kilowatts.
In terms of power, RTGs are the equivalent of batteries while small nuclear reactors are
only "small" when compared to conventional reactors. They are hardly the sort that you
would keep in the garage. In reality, SMR power plants would cover the area of a small
shopping mall. Still, such an installation is not very large as power plants go and a
reactor that only produces 300 megawatts may not seem worth the investment, but the
US Department of Energy is offering US$452 million in matching grants to develop
SMRs and private investors like the Bill Gates Foundation and the company of Babcock
and Wilcox are putting up money for their own modular reactor projects.
The 60-year old breakthrough
One reason for government and private industry to take an interest in SMRs is that
they've been successfully employed for much longer than most people realize. In fact,

hundreds have been steaming around the world inside the hulls of nuclear submarines
and other warships for sixty years. They've also been used in merchant ships,
icebreakers and as research and medical isotope reactors at universities. There was
even one installed in the Antarctic at McMurdo Station from 1962 to 1972. Now they're
being considered for domestic use.
The case for SMRs
SMRs have a number of advantages over conventional reactors. For one thing, SMRs
are cheaper to construct and run. This makes them very attractive to poorer, energystarved countries; small, growing communities that don't require a full-scale plant; and
remote locations such as mines or desalination plants. Part of the reason for this is
simply that the reactors are smaller. Another is that, not needing to be custom designed
in each case, the reactors can be standardized and some types built in factories that are
able to employ economies of scale. The factory-built aspect is also important because a
factory is more efficient than on-site construction by as much as eight to one in terms of
building time. Factory construction also allows SMRs to be built, delivered to the site,
and then returned to the factory for dismantling at the end of their service lives eliminating a major problem with old conventional reactors, i.e. how to dispose of them.
SMRs also enjoy a good deal of design flexibility. Conventional reactors are usually
cooled by water - a great deal of water - which means that the reactors need to be
situated near rivers or coastlines. SMRs, on the other hand, can be cooled by air, gas,
low-melting point metals or salt. This means that SMRs can be placed in remote, inland
areas where it isn't possible to site conventional reactors.
Safety
This cooling system is often passive. In other words, it relies more on the natural
circulation of the cooling medium within the reactor's containment flask than on pumps.
This passive cooling is one of the ways that SMRs can improve safety. Because
modular reactors are smaller than conventional ones, they contain less fuel. This means
that there's less of a mass to be affected if an accident occurs. If one does happen,
there's less radioactive material that can be released into the environment and makes it
easier to design emergency systems. Since they are smaller and use less fuel, they are
easier to cool effectively, which greatly reduces the likelihood of a catastrophic accident
or meltdown in the first place.

This also means that accidents proceed much slower in modular reactors than in
conventional ones. Where the latter need accident responses in a matter of hours or
minutes, SMRs can be responded to in hours or days, which reduces the chances of an
accident resulting in major damage to the reactor elements.
The SMR designs that reject water cooling in favor of gas, metal or salt have their own
safety advantages. Unlike water-cooled reactors, these media operate at a lower
pressure. One of the hazards of water cooling is that a cracked pipe or a damaged seal
can blow radioactive gases out like anti-freeze out of an overheated car radiator. With
low-pressure media, there's less force to push gases out and there's less stress placed
on the containment vessel. It also eliminates one of the frightening episodes of the
Fukushima accident where the water in the vessel broke down into hydrogen and
oxygen and then exploded.
Another advantage of modular design is that some SMRs are small enough to be
installed below ground. That is cheaper, faster to construct and less invasive than
building a reinforced concrete containment dome. There is also the point that putting a
reactor in the ground makes it less vulnerable to earthquakes. Underground installations
make modular reactors easier to secure and install in a much smaller footprint. This
makes SMRs particularly attractive to military customers who need to build power plants
for bases quickly. Underground installation also enhances security with fewer
sophisticated systems needed, which also helps bring down costs.
SMRs can help with proliferation, nuclear waste and fuel supply issues because, while
some modular reactors are based on conventional pressurized water reactors and burn
enhanced uranium, others use less conventional fuels. Some, for example, can
generate power from what is now regarded as "waste", burning depleted uranium and
plutonium left over from conventional reactors. Depleted uranium is basically U-238 from
which the fissible U-235 has been consumed. It's also much more abundant in nature
than U-235, which has the potential of providing the world with energy for thousands of
years. Other reactor designs don't even use uranium. Instead, they use thorium. This
fuel is also incredibly abundant, is easy to process for use as fuel and has the added
bonus of being utterly useless for making weapons, so it can provide power even to
areas where security concerns have been raised.
But there's still the sticking point that modular reactors are, by definition, small. That
may be fine for a submarine or the South Pole, but what about places that need more?

Is the alternative conventional nuclear plants? It turns out that the answer is no. Modular
reactors don't need to be used singly. They can be set up in batteries of five or six or
even more, providing as much power as an area needs. And if one unit needs to be
taken off line for repairs or even replacement, it needn't interfere with the operation of
the others.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Is This Really the Anniversary of Moores Law?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Critical Analysis.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Q&A: Carver Mead

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

What Kind of Thing Is Moores Law?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Outstanding.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

The Murky Origins of "Moore's Law"

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

Can Methane Act as a Storage Medium for Renewable


Energy?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Interesting Development in Energy Storage.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 38 comments

Moores Curse

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Very Interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Gordon Moore: The Man Whose Name Means Progress

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Inspiring.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 9 comments

The Multiple Lives of Moores Law

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Most Used and Abused Law is Moore's Law.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 27 comments

The Death of Moores Law Will Spur Innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Outstanding.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 10 comments

Environmental Slogans

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Good Slogans to help awareness.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 1 comments

Ways to Save Water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Water is the Elixar of life - Leonardo da Vinci


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 9 comments

10 Ways to Conserve Soil

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 1 comments

Tips for Conserving Electricity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Excellent Guide.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 2 comments

Why Is Conserving Energy Important?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Energy conservation is
the need of the hour. Driving the same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is
an example of energy efficiency. Energy conservation and efficiency are both
energy reduction techniques. Even though energy conservation reduces energy
services, it can result in increased, environmental quality, national security,
and personal financial security. It is at the top of the sustainable energy
hierarchy. One of the primary ways to improve energy conservation in buildings
is to use an energy audit. An energy audit is an inspection and analysis of
energy use and flows for energy conservation in a building, process or system
to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting
the output(s). This is normally accomplished by trained professionals and can
be part of some of the national programs discussed above. In addition, recent
development of smart phone apps enable homeowners to complete relatively
sophisticated energy audits themselves. Building technologies and smart meters
can allow energy users, business and residential, to see graphically the impact
their energy use can have in their workplace or homes. Advanced real-time
energy metering is able to help people save energy by their actions. Elements
of passive solar design, shown in a direct gain application. In passive solar building
design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute

solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the
summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike
active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve the use of mechanical and
electrical devices. The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take
advantage of the local climate. Elements to be considered include window
placement and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading.
Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings,
but existing buildings can be retrofitted. Energy Saving in Lighting. One
innovation that saves enormous power in light is READING SOLAR LIGHT dual
powered.
Normally in India students read under a 40 Watt Fluorescent bulb. In school and
college hostels one Fluorescent bulb for 4 to 6 people. A Fluorescent bulb
consumes 40 Watts. Its life time is short. In voltage fluctuations (common in
some cases in rural India), it won't glow. There are Reading Solar lights with LED
(Best LED from a Company like Nichia corporation, Japan)which can be charged by
sunlight or electric including USB. This lasts 8 hours. It costs around Rs
400(about 7 US$) in India. It consumes 0.2 Watts. Moreover by this light one
can concentrate on the material reading (especially students) we used to have Reading
lights in the past (Table Lights electric). In suggest Schools, NGOs,
Government can promote these on a massive scale.
Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated.
TODAYS WASTAGE IS TOMORROWS SHORTAGE.
Please save the power for the next hour!
Save power, energize the future.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP), India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 1 comments

New Alternative Energy Sources for Homes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Good post.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 8 comments

Why Is Renewable Energy Needed?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 9 comments

Advantages of Renewable Energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Good information for layman on Renewables.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 2 comments

Advantages and Disadvantages of Non Renewable Energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Excellent Analysis.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 11 comments

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Good Discussion.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 3 comments

Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 days ago

Critical Analysis.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on FedSmith.com 55 comments

Should Anonymous Internet Troll Comments be Allowed?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

People who write as Anonymous in many cases write non sense. It is the moderator to
check the contents. If somebody wants to express his views(if he has guts) why this
Anonymity? It is a pity the Editor/Moderator keeps the rubbish even after somebody
brought it to the notice of the Editor. In most cases I can call Anonymous comments as
far from reality and having decorum.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Ashok Gadgil: The Humanitarian Inventor

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Good
account on Dr.Ashok Gadgil and his inventions. Since he is from US and that too
from a Big Laboratory the world pays attention. There are hundreds of inventors
in developing countries in India and other developing countries who are
unsung heroes. There is a notion in developing countries that Rural is bad,
urban is better and Foreign is the best. It may not be true in many cases.
During 80s Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources(DNES) of Government of
India imported Wind Chargers and put them across the country at an exorbitant price.
None worked beyond 6 months.
On the other hand an 'Uneducated' skilled worker cut the palm tree near
Mandapam sea coast in Tamil Nadu and used it as Tower. He rewound the
Automobile Generator to have lower RPM. He made his own design of Wooden
blades(Blade design is complicated and done by few companies in the world). The
system worked well to charge a small Refrigerator, a radio and Tube light. I
saw it in 1980 as well as in 2000. It was working well.
Technology is culture specific. There are geniuses everywhere. we need to
identify them and nurture their inventive talent.
I have over 20 Innovations which received acclaim at home and
abroad. Unlike others I have not taken patent and the technology is available
on the Internet.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 12 comments

What Pachauri case reveals: Men can't take a polite no for


an answer

Anumakonda Jagadeesh raja 2 months ago Pending

Dr.R.K.Pachauri is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is. How


the Press write such non sense. Here is the clarification to set the things
right:
Here is the Nobel Prize Citation:
"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts to build up and
disseminate greater knowledge about
man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed
to counteract such change"(Source: "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". Nobelprize.org.
Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb 2015.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...".
REAL NOBEL LAUREATES FROM
INDIA:
o Rabindranath Tagore
o C. V. Raman
o Mother Teresa
o Amartya Sen
o Kailash Satyarthi
Laureates of Indian birth and origin who were erstwhile Indian
citizens
o Hargobind Khorana
o Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
o Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Laureates with Indian connections
o Ronald Ross

o Rudyard Kipling
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP) India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago Pending

Your arguments seems to favour R K Pachauri's behaviour. The very fact that an old
man is indulging in this type o0f activity is shameful.
You write:
" 74-year-old head of the company, RK Pachauri, who has recently won a Nobel
prize...... "
This is utterly false. Dr.R.K.Pachauri is not Nobel
Laureate but IPCC is.
Here is the Citation on 2007 Nobel Peace Prize:
Dr.R.K.Pachauri is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is. How
the Press write such non sense. Here is the clarification to set the things
right:
Here is the Nobel Prize Citation:
"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts to build up and
disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the
foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"(Source: "The
Nobel Peace Prize 2007". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb
2015.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...".
Consistently press has had been stating him as Nobel Laureate. At least in 15 Journals I
ridiculed it.
Who said Dr.R. K. Pachauri is Nobel Laureate? The organisation IPCC along with Al
Gore were recipients of 2007 Nobel Peace prize.
Dr.R.K.Pachauri by allowing this false claim in the press,sends wrong signals. Please
issue a statement for the benefit of Indians and to yourself that you are not NOBEL
LAUREATE ,Dr.R.K.Pachauri.

REAL NOBEL LAUREATES FROM INDIA:


o Rabindranath Tagore
o C. V. Raman
o Mother Teresa
o Amartya Sen
o Kailash Satyarthi
Laureates of Indian birth and origin who were erstwhile Indian citizens
o Hargobind Khorana
o Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
o Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Laureates with Indian connections
o Ronald Ross
o Rudyard Kipling
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP) India ... "
Discussion on News Mobile 1 comments

No Indian varsity makes it to list of top 100 prestigious Uni

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

NDA Government - Please look into this?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 10 comments

No Indian varsity in list of top 100 prestigious universities,


Harvard tops list

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

No. Indian Institute of Science,IITs are high ranked Universities(Institutes). They can
match world class institutes.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on The Alternative 1 comments

The Kitchen Gardener: Uma Bhat on being down to earth

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ABC News 101 comments

New Concept in Solar Energy Poised to Catch on Across


US

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Excellent. Roof Top Solar and Community Solar are the best options in India not big
solar PV Projects which have their own drawbacks.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Parsi Khabar 0 comments

Nari Contractor: The man who laughed at his own


misfortune

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago Pending

I greet him on his birthday 7th March 2015.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
Discussion on HindustanTimes 6 comments

PMO to take a call on RK Pachauris future in climate


change council

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

We expect Pachauri to resign on his own after he stepped down from IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and went on leave from Teri, a senior
government official told Hindustan Times. If he fails to resign on his own, I think the
PMO will remove him.-- Why wait,he should be sacked.
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

New Wave System Claims Huge Energy per Ton Potential

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Excellent.
India should go in for Wave and Tidal Energy.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HindustanTimes 5 comments

RK Pachauri: Engineer-turned climate panel chief no


stranger to controversy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh AK 2 months ago

Government of India should remove him from Climate Change Council at once. His
claim of Nobel Prize is absurd. IPCC got Nobel Prize.
EditView in discussion

Discussion on DNA India 6 comments

RK Pachauri may be booked under IT Act too | Latest News


& Updates at Daily News & Analysis

Anumakonda Jagadeesh rahul 2 months ago

Mr.Rahul:
He is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is. This is absurd.
1 EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Truth will triumph.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 1 comments

Sexual harassment case: Delhi court to hear bail plea of RK


Pachauri today

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago Removed

You write:
Meanwhile, Pachauri, who shared Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with former US Vice
President Al Gore for work on climate issues ..
This is absurd. Dr.Pachauri is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is.Why not he admit through
Press that he is not Nobel Laureate but
IPCC is as in the last 4 days some Journals and Media quoted him as Nobel
Laureate:
Here is the correct position:
Here is the Nobel Prize Citation:
"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore
Jr. "for their efforts to build
up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay
the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such
change"(Source: "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". Nobelprize.org. Nobel
Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb 2015.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...".
Consistently Dr.Pachauri has had been addressed as Nobel
Laureate in some sections of the press.
At least in 15 Journals I ridiculed it.
Who said Dr.R. K. Pachauri is Nobel Laureate? The organisation IPCC along with
Al Gore were recipients of 2007 Nobel Peace prize. Dr.R.K.Pachauri by allowing
this false claim in the press,sends wrong signals. Please issue a statement for
the benefit of Indians and to yourself that you are not NOBEL LAUREATE
Dr.R.K.Pachauri.

Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
Discussion on The New Indian Express 1 comments

Sexual Harassment Case: RK Pachauri Hospitalised

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

As a progressive measure,Jails may have Hospitals too.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on The Japan Times Online 1 comments

U.N. climate panel chief quits amid sexual harassment


claims

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

It took so much time to resign?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Rise in heatwaves puts pressure on city planning

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Excellent. It is unfortunate that in tropics first we heat the buildings and then try to cool
it. In fact there are fine examples of Traditional Housing methods from States like
Rajasthan in India which were cooler in Summer and hot in Winter.

The Eastgate Centre is a shopping centre and office block in


central Harare, Zimbabwe whose architect is Mick Pearce. Designed to be ventilated
and cooled by entirely
natural means, it was probably the first building in the world to use natural
cooling to this level of sophistication. It opened in 1996 on Robert Mugabe
Avenue and Second Street, and provides 5,600 m of retail space, 26,000 m of office
space and parking for 450 cars.
The Eastgate Centre's design is a deliberate move away from the "big glass block".
Glass office blocks are typically expensive to maintain at a comfortable temperature,
needing substantial heating in the winter and cooling in the summer. They tend to
recycle air, in an attempt to keep the expensively conditioned atmosphere inside,
leading to high levels of air pollution in the building. Artificial air-conditioning systems are
high-maintenance, and Zimbabwe has the additional problem that the original system
and most spare parts have to be imported, squandering foreign exchange reserves.
Mick Pearce, the architect, therefore took an alternative approach. Because of its
altitude, Harare has a temperate climate despite being in the tropics, and the typical
daily temperature swing is 10 to 14 C This makes a mechanical or
passive cooling system a viable alternative to artificial air-conditioning.
Modern use of traditional solutions
To work well, the building must be very carefully designed. After computer simulation
and analysis, the engineering firm Ove Arup, gave Pearce a
set of rules.
They said that no direct sunlight must fall on the external walls at all and the north
faade [direction of summer sun window-to-wall area must not exceed 25%. They asked
for a balance between artificial and external light to minimise energy consumption and
heat gain.They said all windows must be sealed because of noise pollution and
unpredictable wind pressures and temperatures, relying on ducted ventilation. Above all,
windows must be light filters, controlling glare, noise and security.
To help with this last, the windows have adjustable blinds, but Pearce also used deep
overhangs to keep direct sun off windows and walls. Deep eaves are a traditional
solution in Africa, shading the walls completely from the high summer sun, while
allowing the lower winter sun to warm the building in the morning.

Further, passive cooling systems are particularly appropriate for this part of Africa
because, long before humans thought of it, passive cooling was being used by the local
termites. Termite mounds include flues which vent through the top and sides, and the
mound itself is designed to catch the breeze. As the
wind blows, hot air from the main chambers below ground is drawn out of the structure,
helped by termites opening or blocking tunnels to control air flow.
Pearce's practice is in Harare, and he specialises in buildings which are low cost, low
maintenance, and have low environmental impact. His projects try to make best use of
locally available resources, and include Harare International School Arts Centre, Harare
Hindoo Temple and Chinhoyi Provincial Hospital, Zimbabwe. In 2003 Pearce was
awarded the Prince Claus Award for culture and development, for his work onThe
Eastgate Centre is a shopping centre and office block in central Harare, Zimbabwe
whose architect is Mick Pearce.Designed to be ventilated and cooled by entirely natural
means, it was probably the first building in the world to use natural cooling to this level of
sophistication. It opened in 1996 on Robert Mugabe Avenue and Second Street, and
provides 5,600 m of retail space, 26,000 m of office space and parking for 450 cars.
Designing for thermal control
The Eastgate Centre's design is a deliberate move away from the "big glass block".
Glass office blocks are typically expensive to maintain at a comfortable temperature,
needing substantial heating in the winter and cooling in the summer. They tend to
recycle air, in an attempt to keep the expensively conditioned atmosphere inside,
leading to high levels of air pollution in the building. Artificial air-conditioning systems are
high-maintenance, and Zimbabwe has the additional problem that the original system
and most spare parts have to be imported, squandering foreign exchange reserves.
Mick Pearce, the architect, therefore took an alternative approach. Because of its
altitude, Harare has a temperate climate despite being in
the tropics, and the typical daily temperature swing is 10 to 14 C.This makes a
mechanical or passive cooling system a viable alternative to artificial air-conditioning.
Passive cooling
Passive cooling works by storing heat in the day and venting it at night as temperatures
drop.


Start
of day: the building is cool.
During day: machines and people generate heat, and the sun shines. Heat is absorbed
by the fabric of the building, which has a high heat capacity, so that the temperature
inside increases but not greatly.
Evening:
temperatures outside drop. The warm internal air is vented through chimneys,
assisted by fans but also rising naturally because it is less dense, and
drawing in denser cool air at the bottom of the building.

Night:
this process continues, cold air flowing through cavities in the floor slabs
until the building's fabric has reached the ideal temperature to start the next
day.
Passively cooled, Eastgate uses only 10% of the energy needed by a similar
conventionally cooled building.[
Eastgate is emulated by London's Portcullis House (2001), opposite the Palace
of Westminster. The distinctive giant chimneys on which the system
relies are clearly visible.
To work well, the building must be very carefully designed. After computer simulation
and analysis, the engineering firm Ove Arup, gave Pearce a set of rules.
They said that no direct sunlight must fall on the external walls at all and the north
faade [direction of summer sun window-to-wall area must not exceed 25%. They asked
for a balance between artificial and external light to minimise energy consumption and
heat gain. They said all windows must be sealed because of noise pollution and
unpredictable wind pressures and temperatures, relying on ducted ventilation. Above all,
windows must be light filters, controlling glare, noise and security.
To help with this last, the windows have adjustable blinds, but Pearce also used deep
overhangs to keep direct sun off windows and walls. Deep eaves are a traditional
solution in Africa, shading the walls completely from the high summer sun, while
allowing the lower winter sun to warm the building in the morning.

Further, passive cooling systems are particularly appropriate for this part of Africa
because, long before humans thought of it, passive cooling was being used by the local
termites. Termite mounds include flues which vent through the top and sides, and the
mound itself is designed to catch the breeze. As the wind blows, hot air from the main
chambers below ground is drawn out of the structure, helped by termites opening or
blocking tunnels to control air flow.
Pearce's practice is in Harare, and he specialises in buildings which are low cost, low
maintenance, and have low environmental impact. His projects try to make best use of
locally available resources, and include Harare International School Arts Centre, Harare
Hindoo Temple and Chinhoyi Provincial Hospital,
Zimbabwe. In 2003 Pearce was awarded the Prince Claus Award for culture and
development, for his work on(Source: Wikipedia)
.For Example in Mumbai(India) Air Conditioning consumes 1000 Mw of Power per day
out of 2000 MW Total Power Consumption. As such traditional architecture can save
much of energy especially during summer besides physical comfort.
MODERNISE THE TRADITIONAL TRADITIONALISE THE
MODERN.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 1 comments

RK Pachauri quits as IPCC chief after allegations of sexual


harassment

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago Removed

You write:
74-year-old Pachauri, who shared Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with former US Vice
President Al Gore for work on climate issues ...

Dr.R.K.Pachauri is not Nobel Peace Prize Winner but IPCC is. It is a pity Zee news is
not aware of this.
Here is the clarification:
Here is the Nobel Prize Citation:
"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts to build
up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the
foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"(Source: "The
Nobel Peace Prize 2007".Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb
2015.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...".
Consistently Dr.Pachauri has had been addressed as Nobel Laureate in some sections
of the press.
At least in 15 Journals I ridiculed it.
Who said Dr.R. K. Pachauri is Nobel Laureate? The organisation IPCC along with Al
Gore were recipients of 2007 Nobel Peace prize. Dr.R.K.Pachauri by allowing
this false claim in the press,sends wrong signals. Please issue a statement for
the benefit of Indians and to yourself that you are not NOBEL LAUREATE
Dr.R.K.Pachauri.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
Discussion on HindustanTimes 17 comments

Pachauri steps down as head of UN climate panel

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago Pending

Best news of the year. An Economist with no qualification or Contributions in Energy or


Environment heading IPCC and being termed as NOBEL LAUREATE(Even though he is
not but IPCC) enjoyed positions both International and National which he won't deserve.
I have known him since 3 decades.
Why not he admit through Press that he is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is as in the last
4 days some Journals and Media quoted him as Nobel Laureate:
Here is the correct position:

Here is the Nobel Prize Citation:


"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts to build
up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the
foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"(Source: "The
Nobel Peace Prize 2007".Nobelprize.org. Nobel
Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb 2015.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...".
Consistently Dr.Pachauri has had been addressed as Nobel
Laureate in some sections of the press.
At least in 15 Journals I ridiculed it.
Who said Dr.R. K. Pachauri is Nobel Laureate? The organisation IPCC along with Al
Gore were recipients of 2007 Nobel Peace prize. Dr.R.K.Pachauri by allowing
this false claim in the press,sends wrong signals. Please issue a statement for
the benefit of Indians and to yourself that you are not NOBEL LAUREATE
Dr.R.K.Pachauri.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
Discussion on DNA India 3 comments

Nobel Laureate RK Pachauri calls upon youth to save


environment | Latest News & Updates at Daily News &
Analysis

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Your Caption,"
Nobel Laureate RK Pachauri calls upon youth to save environment" is wrong.
Dr.R.K.Pachauri is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is.
Here is the Citation on 2007 Nobel Peace Prize:
Dr.R.K.Pachauri is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is. How the Press write such non
sense. Here is the clarification to set the things right:
Here is the Nobel Prize Citation:

"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts to build up and
disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the
foundations for the
measures that are needed to counteract such change"(Source: "The Nobel Peace Prize
2007".Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb
2015.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...".
Consistently press has had been proclaiming as Nobel Laureate. At least in 15 Journals
I ridiculed it.
Dr.R.K.Pachauri by allowing this false claim in the press,sends wrong signals.
Please issue a statement for the benefit of Indians and to yourself that you
are not NOBEL LAUREATE ,Dr.R.K.Pachauri.
REAL NOBEL LAUREATES FROM INDIA:
o Rabindranath Tagore
o C. V. Raman
o Mother Teresa
o Amartya Sen
o Kailash Satyarthi
Laureates of Indian birth and origin who were erstwhile Indian citizens
o Hargobind Khorana
o Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
o Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Laureates with Indian connections
o Ronald Ross
o Rudyard Kipling
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP) India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on DNA India 2 comments

FIR against RK Pachauri for sexually harassing woman


colleague | Latest News & Updates at Daily News &
Analysis

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

You Write:
The 75-year old Nobel Laureate ....
Dr.R.K.Pachauri is not Nobel Laureate but IPCC is. How the Press(Only in India) write
such non sense. Here is the clarification to set the things right::
Here is the Nobel Prize Citation:
"The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts
to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change,
and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such
change"(Source: "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". Nobelprize.org.
Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb 2015.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...".
Consistently Dr.Pachauri has had been proclaiming as Nobel
Laureate. At least in 15 Journals I rediculed it. It is a pity Dr.Pachauri who
manages those in power and press gets into International and National
Committees. No Smoke Without Fire - Dr.Pachauri immediately should resign from
IPCC and Chairperson of the climate panel.
When it is published in many Journals and Newspapers that Dr.R.K.Pachauri is Nobel
Laureate and When I corrected it and even brought to Dr. Parachuter's
attention,why he is not openly giving clarification? This simple act itself speaks about
one's NOBLE nature !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MCCS 6 comments

FIR against chair of IPCC Rajendra Pachauri for sexually


harassing women researcher; gets interim protection from
arrest

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago Pending

Shocking! Shocking! Shocking!


You write: Rajendra Pachauri, the 75-year-old Nobel Peace Prize winner. This is
absurd. Dr.Pachauri is not the Nobel Prize Winner,it is IPCC. Here is the
Citation:
The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. "for their efforts
to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change,
and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such
change"(Source: "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". Nobelprize.org.
Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 22 Feb 2015. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobe....
Consistently Dr.Pachari has had been proclaiming as Nobel
Laureate. At least in 15 Journals I rediculed it. It is a pity Dr.Pachari who
manages those in power and press gets into International and National
Committees. No Smoke Without Fire - Dr.Pachauri immediately should resign from
IPCC and Chairperson of the climate panel. There is a proverb: People Fall by their own
Weight. I have known Dr.Pachauri for over 3 decades. He is neither an Environmentalist
nor an Energy. Expert but a GREAT MANIPULATOR.
Dr.Pachauris role in IPCC has been controversial. Pachauri, chairman
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, had come under attack from
various quarters over the IPCC's 2007 report that said the glaciers in the
Himalayas will disappear by 2035 due to global warming. But the TERI head had
maintained the mistake was "unfortunate".
Just like Sitas Agnipariskha in Ramayan,on moral values let Dr.R.K.Pachauri resign
from IPCC and Climate Panel. If he is found not guilty,he can rejoin.
Here I cite the moral values of Shri Lal Kishinchand Advani:

As the party's most dynamic leader, he undertook rath yatras and worked
ceaselessly to reach to the people. In ensuring the return of Atal Bihari
Vajpayee as prime minister, he can at least experience the satisfaction of a
'mission accomplished'.
Advani enters the Lok Sabha 22 months after he resigned his seat,
following his alleged involvement in the hawala scandal. Announcing that he would
enter Parliament only after his name is cleared, Advani did not contest the 1996
election.
Contesting the 1998 election from Gandhinagar after the Delhi high
court had cleared him of the charges, Advani had a pleasant surprise when the
Surpreme Court gave him a clean chit in the case on March 2, when the counting
of votes began.
In any case, the Gandhinagar electorate had reposed confidence in
him by giving him a lead of more than 200,000 votes.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on Grist 76 comments

Can urban foraging actually feed poor people?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Great article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 4 comments

Water ATMs deliver liquid assets in Indias capital

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Are they sustainable?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IBNLive 29 comments

Water ATMs in Rajasthan: A Rs 5 card swipe gives 20 litres


of drinking water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago Pending

No doubt the method sounds novel and innovative. Unfortunately, in India such things
can never succeed. Technology is culture-specific while science is universal. How
reliable are such systems in villages? Who will take care of the cleaning of the solar
panels from dust? Already the efficiency of solar PV is low. Even at traffic signals, hardly
the solar panels are kept clean.
I have a simple and innovative solar disinfection of water method which received
acclaim at home and abroad.
For Complete article and Tables:
http://www.harvesth2o.com/adob...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore (AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 10 comments

Hoovering Up CO2 with CCS-equipped Biomass Power


Plants

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 months ago

Excellent.

Thanks to wonders of nature,there are plants which


act vas Carbon Sink.
Biofuel/Biogas power/Biochar from Agave and Opuntia:
One area which yields immediate results and gainful employment is to grow
care-free growth plants like Agave and Opuntia in waste lands. There are
millions of hectares of waste lands. In the debate Food Vs Fuel the alternative
is to grow plants with multiple uses which have care-free growth. Yet another
option is Biofuel from Agave and Biogas from Opuntia and power generation.
Agave is a care free growth plant which can be grown in millions of hectares
of waste land and which produces Biofuel. Already Mexico is using it. Another
Care free growth plant is Opuntia which generates Biogas. Biogas can be input
to generate power through Biogas Generators. Biogas generators of MW size are
available from China. Yet another option is Water Hyacinth for biogas. Water
Hyacinth along with animal dung can produce biogas on a large scale and then
power. In Kolleru lake in Godavari and Krishna Delta in Andhra Pradesh in India
it is available in 308 Sq. Km for nearly 8 months in a year. Crassulacean acid
metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that
evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions In a plant using
full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce
evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2
is stored as the four-carbon acidmalate, and then used during photosynthesis
during the day. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme
RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Agave and Opuntia are the best
CAM Plants. Researchers find that the agave plant will serve as a biofuel crop
to produce ethanol. "Agave has a huge advantage, as it can grow in
marginal or desert land, not on arable land," and therefore would not displace
food crops, says Oliver Inderwildi, at the University of Oxford.The majority of
ethanol produced in the world is still derived from food crops such as corn and
sugarcane. Speculators have argued for years now that using such crops for fuel
can drive up the price of food. Agave, however, can grow on hot dry land with a
high-yield and low environmental impact. The researchers proposing the plants
use have modeled a facility in Jalisco, Mexico, which converts the high sugar
content of the plant into ethanol. Another plant of great use is OPUNTIA for
biogas production. The cultivation of nopal((OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA), a type of

cactus, is one of the most important in Mexico. According to Rodrigo Morales,


Chilean engineer, Wayland biomass, installed on Mexican soil, allows you to
generate inexhaustible clean energy. Through the production of biogas, it can
serve as a raw material more efficiently, by example and by comparison with
jatropha. Wayland Morales, head of Elqui Global Energy argues that an acre of
cactus produces 43 200 m3 of biogas or the equivalent in energy terms to 25,000
liters of diesel. With the same land planted with jatropha, he says, it will
produce 3,000 liters of biodiesel. Another of the peculiarities of the nopal is
biogas which is the same molecule of natural gas, but its production does not
require machines or devices of high complexity. Also, unlike natural gas,
contains primarily methane (75%), carbon dioxide (24%) and other minor gases
(1%), so it has advantages from the technical point of view since it has the
same capacity heat but is cleaner, he says, and as sum datum its calorific
value is 7,000 kcal/m3. In the fields where Jatropha is being grown,Agave and
Opuntia can be grown as Inter cropping.
These can be grown on a massive scale in wastelands in
developing countries like India for Biofuel,biogas power as well as for cooking
besides biochar. These plants will act as Carbon Sink.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 0 comments

Andhra inks MoUs for 4,000 MW wind power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago Removed

Though this sounds astonishing, any proposals for implementation in Energy especially
Renewables must be REALISTIC and ACHIEVABLE.
Already the power cuts started in AP.
The past experience with Wind Energy in AP Sanctioned and implemented is dismal.

NREDCAP approved proposals by private developers to set up wind


power projects with combined capacity of 1,800 MW. With this the total capacity
sanctioned for developers of wind mills has reached 3,800 MW. Out of 2,000 MW
of wind power plants sanctioned in the past only a few of them came up.
Against this backdrop the proposed Wind Installations of 3712 MW is beyond
imagination.AP is no where in harnessing Wind Energy(753 MW as on 31 March
2014)compared to Tamil Nadu(7253 MW), almost 1/10th.
On the other hand I have had been advocating Offshore Wind Farms and Wind Farm
Co-operatives:Today Offshore wind farms operate in Europe, UK
topping.
Here is an action plan for Andhra Pradesh on Renewables to bring in Rural Prosperity:
1. Promote Offshore Wind Farms.
2. Promote small wind generators as decentralised systems
3. Roof Top PV Solar
4. Creating Renewable Energy Fund. Investment by Income Tax Payers to be
exempted under Section 80C(For Central Government).
5. Wind Farm Co-operatives on the lines of those in Germany,Denmark etc.
6. Solar Co-operatives on the lines of those in US.
7. Energy Conservation by replacing most of the inefficient 13 Lakhs irrigation
electric pump sets(About 30% power can be saved). Agriculture consumes much
power next only to Industry
8. Reading lights with reliable and quality dual powered(Solar/Electricity/USB)
to save enormous energy.
9. Biofuel/Biogas for power generation and cooking from Agave/opuntia care-free
growth,regenerative and CAM plants. In China Biogas for cooking is supplied
trough pipes.
In the vast vacant land in India Agave and Opuntia can be grown and power
generation established as decentralised locally.
10. Simple Box Type Solar Cooker with frying facility( 3D approach,Design,Demonstrate
and Disseminate)
11.Cost effective vertical and cylindrical,mobile solar water heater design.

12. Low head Micro hydro device to generate power from the head of falling
water from the delivery pipe of Electric/diesel pump sets.
13. KW size Biogas power/cooking plant for villages.
14. Simple solar drier
15. Growing CAM Plants in Waste and Vacant lands which act as Carbon Sink.
Energy Conservation
https://www.scribd.com/doc/250...
Put the RENEWABLES to WORK: To get inexhaustible,Pollution- Free Energy which
cannot be misused.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
Renewable Energy Expert
Discussion on blog.umangrealtech.com 1 comments

Cooling Homes Naturally

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Wonderful tips. The Andhra Pradesh Government should adopt this type of structures to
reduce Energy consumption.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on EcoWatch 3 comments

Revolutionary Poop-Powered Bus Hits UK Roads

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Biogas ,biofuel and Biochar are the best options to India. There are care-free
growth,regenerative CAM plants like Agave and Opuntia which can be input for
Biofuel/Biogas power/biochar. These plants can be grown on a massive scale in millions

of hectares of waste lands in India.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP) India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Triple Pundit 2 comments

Renewable Energy Poop Bus Begins Operating in the U.K.

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Biogas ,biofuel and Biochar are the best options to India. There are care-free
growth,regenerative CAM plants like Agave and Opuntia which can be input for
Biofuel/Biogas power/biochar. These plants can be grown on a massive scale in millions
of hectares of waste lands in India.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP) India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Bamboo water catcher project misses crowdfunding target

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 8 comments

257,000 people could die from Chinas toxic air over the
next decade

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Incidentally China leads in Wind Power in the World and Solar Equipment Manufacture.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 5 comments

Awesome news about U.S. clean energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Great article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on DNA India 28 comments

A graphical look at AAP's record-breaking victory in Delhi


elections | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Oldest Congress Party Cipher without Number ! This shows People(Voters) are
powerful. Democracy in tact in Delhi.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

On-farm system turns rice plants into biofuel and fodder

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Why not Agave and Opuntia,carefree growth,regenerative CAM plants for Biofuel/biogas
power which can be grown in Waste Lands.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Solar power to the people!

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Solar power for the poor: facts and figures

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Mobile solar water heaters,simple solar driers,dual powered solar reading lamps,solar
mobile chargers,improved box type solar cookers etc. are very much needed in
developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Tailor renewable energies to local culture

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Water crises seen as a top threat in next decade

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Good article. WATER IS ELIXIR OF LIFE - Leonardo da Vinci


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Delhis waste site story

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Well researched article. Delhi needs MSW management and Sewage water treatment
very badly. One's TRASH IS ANOTHER'S TREASURE should be the motto .
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

India takes its own path on energy and climate change

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Excellent.

Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Triple Pundit 2 comments

Unilever Zero-Waste Program Saves Over $225 Million


While Creating Jobs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Agenda - The World Economic Forum 4 comments

How Uganda is turning waste into power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

The ideal choice for biogas power is Agave and Opuntia as input and they can be grown
in waste lands of Africa. They are Regenerative and CAM Plants.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 5 comments

Obama is cracking down on another climate


villain: Methane

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Best option is to grow care-free,regenerative CAM plants like Agave and Opuntia in
Wastelands for Biofuel/biogas power which act as Carbon Sink.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 27 comments

India and U.S. agree on some energy deals but no


emission cuts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Optimism on both sides.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 4 comments

Can drones save the world?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Don't think so.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 10 comments

Obituary: Cartoonist RK Laxman immortalised passive,


hapless common man

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

"sambhavami yuge yuge",Some people live after death- Shri R.K.Laxman will live for
ever in people's memory. A Great Cartoonist voicing the concerns of common man. I am
one of your Fans Laxman, Sir. May his soul rest in peace.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 13 comments

Offshore Use of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines Gets Closer


Look by Sandia Labs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines


Rising
sea levels and escalating pollution levels has generated worldwide interest and
has given rise to new wind turbines designs. Wind turbines mainly
are of two types: vertical axis(VAWT) and horizontal axis(HAWT). HAWT are the
most common type of wind turbines built across the world. VAWT is a type of
wind turbine which have two or three blades and in which the main rotor shaft
runs vertically. They are however less frequently used as they are not as
effective as HAWT.
The main difference between the VAWT and HAWT is the
position of blades. In HAWT, blades are on the top, spinning in the air and are
most commonly seen while in VAWT, generator is mounted at the base of the tower
and blades are wrapped around the shaft. The main advantage of VAWT over HAWT
is its insensitivity to wind turbines and therefore can be mounted closer to
the ground making it effective for home and residential purpose.
This
is vital information for those looking to install HAWT in their home. Whether
they are looking for turbines that will be ideal for when theyre sleeping or
entertaining guests, HAWT is the better choice. Vertical turbines spin on the

vertical axis and comes in various shapes sizes and colors. Its movement is
similar to a coin spinning on the edge.
Here are
some of the advantages of VAWT:
1. The turbine generator and gearbox can be placed lower
to the ground making maintenance easier and lower the construction costs.
2. The
main advantage of VAWT is it does not need to be pointed towards
the wind to be effective. In other words, they can be used on the sites with
high variable wind direction.
3. Since VAWT are mounted closer to the ground they are
more bird friendly and down not destroy the wildlife.
4. VAWT quiet, efficient, economical and perfect for
residential energy production, especially in urban environments.
The
most popular type of VAWT are: Darrieus Wind Turbine and Savonius Wind Turbine.
Darrieus Wind Turbine
Darrieus Wind Turbine are
commonly known as an Eggbeater turbine. It was invented by Georges Darrieus
in 1931. A Darrieus is a high speed, low torque machine suitable for generating
alternating current (AC) electricity. Darrieus generally require manual push
therefore some external power source to start turning as the starting torque is
very low. Darrieus has two vertically oriented blades revolving around a
vertical shaft.
Savonius Wind Turbine
A Savonius vertical-axis wind turbine is a slow rotating,
high torque machine with two or more scoops and are used in high-reliability
low-efficiency power turbines. Most wind turbines use lift generated by
airfoil-shaped blades to drive a rotor, the Savonius uses drag and therefore
cannot rotate faster than the approaching wind speed.
Of late Combined Darrius and Savonius VAWT
are available from 300W to 10 KW Size and enven higher.

Multi storied buildings are on the rise even


in Towns. Today it is all Apartment culture in Cities and Towns. For Example in
Nellore(Andhra Pradesh),India there are thousands of high rise
apartments(minimum5 storied). As such VAWT make sense as they work well because
of height. I am planning to promote the VAWT up to 1 KW size for individual
Apartment Use. Already HAWT of 600W are working satisfactorily.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Wind energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 3 comments

MIT-USAID program releases pioneering evaluation of solar


lanterns

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

There are many designs of solar lights. Many solar lanterns are of poor quality as the
manufacturer wants to reduce the cost.The battery is the heart, Unless the battery is of
good quality the solar light is a failure. I have been using a Chinese Solar reading light
since TWO years. It is excellent. For Developing countries Solar Reading Lights are
ideal. There are solar Caps,Solar Hanging Fans etc. and are very useful.If one is willing
to pay the price Chinese goods are good.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on DNA India 18 comments

Dispatch from Chicago: Is US media covering Obamas


India visit? | Latest News & Updates at Daily News &
Analysis

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 3 months ago

Lot of Expectations on further co-operation between the two countries from the visit of
U.S. President Barack Obama to India. Reviving Nuclear deal,wider co-operation in
Renewables,Climate change are some of the issues.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 1 comments

Where does bioenergy fit into a low-carbon future?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Agave and opuntia which are care free growth,regenerative and CAM plants act as
Carbon Sink.
Biofuel/Biogas power from Agave and Opuntia:
Another area which yields immediate results and gainful employment is to grow carefree growth plants like Agave and Opuntia in waste lands. There are millions of hectares
of waste lands. In the debate Food Vs Fuel the alternative is to grow plants with multiple
uses which have care-free growth. Yet another option is Biofuel from Agave and Biogas
from Opuntia and power generation. Agave is a care free growth plant which can be
grown in millions of hectares of waste land and which produces Biofuel. Already Mexico
is using it. Another Care free growth plant is Opuntia which generates Biogas. Biogas
can be input to generate power through Biogas Generators. Biogas generators of MW
size are available from China. Yet another option is Water Hyacinth for biogas. Water
Hyacinth along with animal dung can produce biogas on a large scale and then power.
In Kolleru lake in Godavari and Krishna Delta in Andhra Pradesh in India it is available in
308 Sq. Km for nearly 8 months in a year. Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known
as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an
adaptation to arid conditions In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain

shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon
dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the four-carbon acidmalate, and then used during
photosynthesis during the day. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the
enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Agave and Opuntia are the best
CAM Plants. Researchers find that the agave plant will serve as a biofuel crop to
produce ethanol. "Agave has a huge advantage, as it can grow in marginal or desert
land, not on arable land," and therefore would not displace food crops, says Oliver
Inderwildi, at the University of Oxford.The majority of ethanol produced in the world is
still derived from food crops such as corn and sugarcane. Speculators have argued for
years now that using such crops for fuel can drive up the price of food. Agave, however,
can grow on hot dry land with a high-yield and low environmental impact. The
researchers proposing the plants use have modeled a facility in Jalisco, Mexico, which
converts the high sugar content of the plant into ethanol. Another plant of great use is
OPUNTIA for biogas production. The cultivation of nopal((OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA), a
type of cactus, is one of the most important in Mexico. According to Rodrigo Morales,
Chilean engineer, Wayland biomass, installed on Mexican soil, allows you to generate
inexhaustible clean energy. Through the production of biogas, it can serve as a raw
material more efficiently, by example and by comparison with jatropha. Wayland
Morales, head of Elqui Global Energy argues that an acre of cactus produces 43 200
m3 of biogas or the equivalent in energy terms to 25,000 liters of diesel. With the same
land planted with jatropha, he says, it will produce 3,000 liters of biodiesel. Another of
the peculiarities of the nopal is biogas which is the same molecule of natural gas, but its
production does not require machines or devices of high complexity. Also, unlike natural
gas, contains primarily methane (75%), carbon dioxide (24%) and other minor gases
(1%), so it has advantages from the technical point of view since it has the same
capacity heat but is cleaner, he says, and as sum datum its calorific value is 7,000
kcal/m3. In the fields where Jatropha is being grown,Agave and Opuntia can be grown
as Inter cropping.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Asia-Pacific Analysis: Asias invisible women farmers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Very Interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

How fruits, plants and spices enrich Zanzibar

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on India com 1 comments

Makar Sankranti: The Use and Significance of Sesame


Seeds in the New Year Festival

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Great Article.
Dr>A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Wonderslist 4 comments

Top 5 Batsman with Most Sixes in ODI

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Marvellous.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Sporteology 2 comments

Most Career Sixes ODIs and Fours.

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Outstanding Statistics
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Sporteology 1 comments

Top 10 Batsmen With Most International Sixes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Excellent Statistics.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 3 comments

Tonio Buonassisi seeks to make solar cells competitive

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Great Tonio Buonassisi. Best of Success.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Nanobowl Solar Concentrator Improves Conversion


Efficiency of Organic Photovoltaics

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Interesting development.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 10 comments

Flying Selfie Bots: Tag-Along Video Drones Are Here

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Technology at its best,innovation too !


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 4 comments

What tech will take off in developing nations in 2015?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Very interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Express 1 comments

PHOTOS: Narendra Modi addresses a rally in Himachal


Pradesh

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

We welcome your plans on Science and Technology for Development,Prime Minister.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 2 comments

We must revive the romance of science in society:


Narendra Modi

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Timely call by Prime Minister.


Dr.A. Jagadeeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on RedOrbit 1 comments

How do butterfly wings become so vivid and colorful?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Based on this the Currency fake notes are detected. Bio mimicry at its best.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on RedOrbit 1 comments

Smart windows could help make buildings more energy


efficient

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 8 comments

Stick filters out 99 per cent of bacteria from water SciDev.Net South-East Asia & Pacific

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Good method. Impure water is the root cause for many diseases.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Battery could allow poor nations to turn heat to power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 5 comments

Interest grows in unusual Egyptian method of mosquito


control

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Q&A: Langdon Winner on the tyranny of the new

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

There is some truth in what the author says.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 33 comments

Trees are fed up with our carbon, refuse to grow faster

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Why not grow CAM ,regenerative and care free growth plants like Agave and Opuntia in
Wastelands for Biofuel and biogas for power generation. Mexico is pioneer in this.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 1 comments

Life in better light

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Very Innovative and Adoptive to local conditions in Tanzania. Congratulations for this
fine initiative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 3 comments

Out of the lab, into the world

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

Excellent. I am glad that Young Engineering Students are working on Innovative


projects. Hearty congratulations Anisha Gururaj.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Inspired Economist 3 comments

Agriculture where plants cant grow: Israels Arava valley

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 4 months ago

I visited Israel for a fortnight and could see the tremendous development of Agriculture
there.
Why not Israel grow Agave and Opuntia in the desert lands which are care-free
growth,regenerative,CAM plants and which act as input for Biofuel,biogas for power
generation. Mexico is pioneer in this.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 1 comments

Energy Conservation Tips

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Very Useful.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 2 comments

What Is Soil Conservation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

With wider use of Chemical Fertilizers and pesticides,the natural fertility of the soil is
lost. Hence revival of organic farming.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 1 comments

Reasons to Protect and Conserve Water Resources

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Water is the Elixir of life


- Leonardo da Vinci
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on LoveToKnow 1 comments

Facts About Energy Conservation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 4 comments

How to target a journal thats right for your research

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Outstanding article. With publications linked to promotion and submitting Ph.D


Thesis,there is rat race to publish in many cases.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 13 comments

Turning E-Waste into Light

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Great. Congratulations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on The New Indian Express 1 comments

Energy Conservation Week to be Observed from December


14

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Enormous energy can be saved in Lighting.


Replace incandescent lamps fluorescent or compact fluorescent lamps
Clean your light bulb frequently. Layers of dust can absorb up to 30% of the light from
the lamps. Hold the base and use a dry soft cloth or brush to clean the lamp.
Switch off lights in room, toilets, bath rooms when not in use.
Use lower wattage bulbs in area that do not need bright lights e.g. storage rooms and
bath rooms
Never use clusters of incandescent lamps for decorations
For offices with low occupancy rates, install simple electronics controls such as
passive infer red sensors. They ensure that lights are automatically switched off when
rooms are not occupied for more than a pre determined period
Too many outside lights do not necessarily provide security. Infra-red sensors or
motion detectors are a more energy efficient solution.

When you remove a dead fluorescent lamp which you dont intend to replace
immediately, remember also to remove the starter, or else the choke will consume
electricity at the rate of 12 watts.
Always choose T.5 linear fluorescent lamps with electronics ballast. They consume
40% less energy than conventional linear fluorescent lamps.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on The Money Expert 40 comments

The Internet Loophole That Made One Man a Millionaire!

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Fortune favors the FORTUNATE !


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on The New Indian Express 1 comments

Univs Told to Celebrate Bharathis Birth Anniv

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

I complement UGC.
Dr,A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 14 comments

Meet The New Pink Face Of Vertical LED Farming

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

GROWING
VEGETABLES ON A STAND - YOUTUBE - Excellent - Must See
GROWING VEGETABLES IN
CONTAINERS ON A STAND
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244...
NUTRITIONAL GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES FOR ALL- Innovative System
Green Leafy Vegetables for All
Nutritious Green Vegetables For All
https://www.scribd.com/doc/241... system
One Can Grow Organic Vegetables on a Book Rack !
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 26 comments

The Long Road to Maxwells Equations

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Very inspiring article.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 10 comments

Affordable bamboo housing floats when it floods

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago Detected as spam

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on TreeHugger.com 26 comments

Micro camper sleeps 2, can be towed by bicycle

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago Detected as spam

Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on TreeHugger.com 7 comments

How to support clean energy, without going solar

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago Detected as spam

Great article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on TreeHugger.com 47 comments

Fun facts about hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago Removed

Hydrogen is the future energy carrier.Hydrogen and fuel cells are the best option of
energy storage.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on TreeHugger.com 18 comments

Smart light bulb designed by ex-Tesla engineer adjusts


itself

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago Removed

Very Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Plastic bricks could protect Indian homes from monsoon

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

But how to get massive quantities of plastic waste?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 1 comments

In just 15 years, wind could provide a fifth of the worlds


electricity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Wind is the oldest Renewable Energy and will certainly a major role in the power
scenario in the coming years.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 24 comments

What will it take to get electricity to the worlds poor?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 3 comments

Will China help Obama save the planet?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

At least a beginning.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 83 comments

New U.S.-China climate deal is a game changer

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Yes,Of course.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 6 comments

Obamas deal with China is a big win for solar, nuclear, and
clean coal

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Excellent article. Yes. Renewables need great push.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 3 comments

Now that China and the U.S. have a climate deal, will India
step up next?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Yes. India should follow US and China.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 388 comments

Even this organic advocate thinks African farmers


need herbicide

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Lack of input like animal dung is the constraint for organic farming on a large scale.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators Give 130 Volts at the


Touch of a Finger

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Which is important,Voltage or current?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 8 comments

Patent Power 2014

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 5 months ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 7 comments

New way to make batteries safer

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Great improvement.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 12 comments

Wind energy reaches greater heights

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

How to engage with participants in field research

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Researcher and field worker are two wheels of a Bullock Cart.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Vietnam eyes water-saving technology for its rice farms

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Modernise the Traditional - Traditionalise the Modern.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

All African students should get innovation training

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Outstanding article. Yes. Innovation,invention and creativity are the pilars of progress.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

World War I: The War of the Inventors

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Technology during World War I reflected a trend toward industrialism and the
application of mass production methods to weapons and to the technology of warfare in
general. This trend began fifty years prior to World War I during
the U.S. Civil War, and continued through many smaller conflicts in which new weapons
were tested. The 19th-century vision of a peaceful future fed by
ever-increasing prosperity through technology was largely shattered by the
war's end; after the technological escalation during World War II, it was apparent that
whatever the gains in prosperity and comfort due to technology applied to civilian use
would always be under the shadow of the horrors of technology applied to warfare.
The earlier years of the First World War can be characterized as a clash of 20th-century
technology with 19th-century warfare in the form of ineffective battles with huge
numbers of casualties on both sides. It was not until the final year of the war that the
major armies made effective steps in revolutionizing matters of command and control
and tactics to adapt to the modern battlefield, and started to harness
the myriad new technologies to effective military purposes. Tactical
reorganizations (such as shifting the focus of command from the 100+ man

company to the 10+ man squad) went hand-in-hand with armored cars, the first
submachine guns, and automatic rifles that could be carried and used by one
man.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Nautilus 13 comments

The 6 Most Surprising, Important Inventions From World


War I

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Inspiring story.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Mental Floss 28 comments

12 Technological Advancements of World War I

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Necessity is the Mother of Invention.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Author Mike Malone On Intels Holy Trinity, Steve Jobs, and


Other Silicon Valley Greats

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Great story.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 8 comments

RCA's Forgotten Work On The Blue LED

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Very interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Nikola Tesla Slept Here

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Inspiring story.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 13 comments

TreeHugger

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago Removed

Great advancement in solar panels.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on SciDev.Net 7 comments

Sowing the seeds of stable agriculture

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

GROWING VEGETABLES ON A STAND - YOUTUBE


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

In a bid to have vertical stand vegetable growing,I have designed a


simple,innovative,novel cost effective system utilising local resources and
resourcefulness.
When you supply plant nutrients at the roots they wont go deep. I have designed a
stand(sturdy,iron) and fitted rings of about 1 foot diameter (3) in 3 layers. There is
enough space between the rings horizontally and space to grow plants vertically. The
base has a strong round stand for stability(Iron). Pots(Conical) are filled with soil and
animal dung and natural fertilizer. Vegetables seed lings or seeds like tomato,Bhendi
(Hibiscus Esculantus)and others are raised in the pots. There is a small hole at the
bottom of the pots to drain away excess water. The pots chosen are of tough plastic for
light weight,durability and elegance. The plastic pots are covered with thin black canvas
so that due to sunlight absorption weeds wont grow and evaporation water supplied is

reduced. Moreover all the nutrients in the container are taken by the plant.The stand is
painted with Redoxide to free it from rusting. Since the stand is with in reach,watering is
not a problem.
One can use this system to grow vegetables on the roof or in the backyard. Rural
women can grow vegetables in this way for marketing on a small scale locally. The units
are modular depending on the requirement of vegetables.
The whole unit costs about Rs 2500(about US$ 40) including pots and the cost can be
recovered in less than a year.
Please see Photos:
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

Solar power will be at grid parity in 50 U.S. states by 2016,


says Deutsche Bank

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

India can adopt Roof Top Solar in Urban areas.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 25 comments

Does net-zero energy building really the right target?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Excellent post.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Agenda - The World Economic Forum 4 comments

Could vertical farms feed the world?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago Pending

Yes. In a bid to have vertical stand


vegetable growing,I have designed a simple,innovative,novel cost effective
system utilising local resources and resourcefulness.
When you supply plant nutrients at the roots they wont go deep. I have
designed a stand(sturdy,iron) and fitted rings of about 1 foot diameter (3) in
3 layers. There is enough space between the rings horizontally and spece to
grow plants vertically. The base has a strong round stand for stability(Iron).
Pots(Conical) are filled with soil and animal dung and natural fertilizer.
Vegetables seed lings or seeds like tomato,Bhendi and others are raised in the
pots. There is a small hole at the bottom of the pots to drain away excess
water. The pots chosen are of tough plastic for light weight,durability and
elegance. The plastic pots are covered with thin black canvas so that due to
sunlight absorption weeds wont grow and evaporation water supplied is reduced.
Moreover all the nutrients in the container are taken by the plant.The stand is
painted with Redoxide to free it from rusting. Since the stand is with in
reach,watering is not a problem.
One can use this system to grow vegetables on the roof or in the backyard.
Rural women can grow vegetables in this way for markeing on a small scale
locally. The units are modular depending on the requirement of vegetables.
The whole unit costs about Rs 2500(about US$ 40) including pots and the cost
can be recovered in less than a year.
Please see Photos:
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244...
NUTRITIONAL GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES FOR ALL- Innovative System

Green Leafy Vegetables for All


Nutritious Green Vegetables For All
https://www.scribd.com/doc/241... system
One Can Grow Organic Vegetables on a Book Rack !
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 9 comments

How the Ford Motor Co. Invented the SQUID

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Excellent. Very inspiring story.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 30 comments

Cree Loses Heat Sink to Engineer Cheaper LED Bulb

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Good innovation in LED bulb.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 7 comments

Sowing the seeds of stable agriculture

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

GROWING VEGETABLES IN CONTAINERS ON A STAND


The biggest mistake gardeners make each season is starting out too
big and then quickly realizing their large plot requires too much weeding,
watering, and backbreaking labor. Vertical gardening guarantees a better
outcome from the day the trowel hits the soil-by shrinking the amount of
"floor" space needed and focusing on climbing plants that are less
prone to insects, diseases, and animal pests.
Notable author and gardener Derek Fell has tried and tested thousands of varieties of
vegetables, flowers, and fruits and recommends the best plants for space-saving vertical
gardening. His grow-up, grow-down system also shows which ground-level plants make
good companions underneath and alongside climbing plants. Best of all, many of Fell's
greatest climbers and mutually beneficial plants are available in seed packets in every
local garden center in US.
Growing vegetables in containers can be just as easy as growing vegetables
in soil,if you know how to work around the limitations of container gardening.
A container vegetable garden has many advantages:
Convenience Container vegetable gardens are right outside your door, footsteps away
from your kitchen.
Freshness You cant get any fresher than right off the plant. When growing vegetables in
pots or window boxes, you can harvest leafy vegetables as needed.
A potted vegetable garden can be boosted up on plant stands or benches to make the
pots more accessibleand add vertical flair to your balcony farm. - See more at: Beauty
Container vegetable gardens are beautiful, not just bountiful. Green, leafy lettuces, red
tomatoes, and deep purple eggplants delight the eye and add interest to any apartment
balcony or deck. Growing vegetables in pots or window boxes expands the range of
color and
form available to container gardeners.
Watering is by far the biggest concern when growing vegetables in containers.
Container vegetable gardens have limited root zones, so they need frequent
wateringsometimes twice a day in hot weather, or on balconies exposed to lots of sun
or drying winds.

Often people refer to west to borrow and adopt in gardening at homes. We in the east
have a notion that , Rural is bad,urban is better and Foreign is best. Often this is not
true. I have been involved in Rural Technologies since decades. Developing countries
development solutions should come from locally but not imported. In the west,it is all
consumer economy and unless you price any commodity they wont even look into it
while in the east it is reverse. For Example when I designed Growing Green leafy
vegetables on book racks(which costs less than 50 US$, an American Inventor of
Garden equipment design laughed at me and said their system costs US$ 2000 1 One
should not forget the fact that Bullock Cart is still one of the modes of transportation of
goods in rural India.
In a bid to have vertical stand vegetable growing,I have designed a
simple,innovative,novel cost effective system utilising local resources and
resourcefulness.
When you supply plant nutrients at the roots they wont go deep.
I have designed a stand(sturdy,iron) and fitted rings of about 1 foot
diameter (3) in 3 layers. There is enough space between the rings horizontally
and spece to grow plants vertically. The base has a strong round stand for
stability(Iron). Pots(Conical) are filled with soil and animal dung and natural
fertilizer. Vegetables seed lings or seeds like tomato,Bhendi and others are
raised in the pots. There is a small hole at the bottom of the pots to drain
away excess water. The pots chosen are of tough plastic for light weight,durability and
elegance. The plastic pots are covered with thin black canvas so that due to sunlight
absorption weeds wont grow and evaporation water supplied is reduced. Moreover all
the nutrients in the container are taken by the plant.The stand is painted with Redoxide
to free it from rusting. Since the stand is with in reach,watering is not a problem.
One can use this system to grow vegetables on the roof or in the backyard. Rural
women can grow vegetables in this way for marketing on a small scale locally. The units
are modular depending on the requirement of vegetables.
The whole unit costs about Rs 2500 including pots(in South India) and the cost can be
recovered in less than a year.
Earlier Dr. Jagadeesh designed a system to grow Nutritious Green vegetables for all to
be raised on Book Racks.
Please see Photos:

https://www.scribd.com/doc/244...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

NUTRITIONAL GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES FOR ALL- Innovative System


I am dedicating to the World my simple,innovative
system to provide NUTRITIONAL GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES FOR ALL:
Green Leafy Vegetables for All
Nutritious Green Vegetables For All
https://www.scribd.com/doc/241... system
One Can Grow Organic Vegetables on a Book Rack !
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Focus on Private Sector: Linking research to market

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Excellent. Yes. Private sector has a major role in research which eventually leads to
marketing. There must be proper linkage.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Decentralize Mexican Power!

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Excellent. In fact Mexico is pioneer in Biofuel/biogas power production from Agave and
opuntia plants which are care-free growth,regenerative and CAM Plants. These can be
grown in Waste lands in developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 14 comments

The worlds 10 greenest economies of 2014 may surprise


you

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Only countries from Europe,no country from Asia,Africa and Latin America.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 2 comments

How to Choose the Right References

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 25 comments

Before You Respond to that Email, Pause

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Great Advice. I asked several of my friends to read this. Congratulations for the fine
piece Anthony K. Tjan.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Why smallholders should be involved in research SciDev.Net Sub-Saharan Africa

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

They have first hand information and knowledge being directly involved in agricultural
operations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on YourDictionary 1 comments

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Facts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 6 months ago

Dr.Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar remembered on his Birthday Today.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 8 comments

Why clean energy might be cheaper than you think

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Can Organic Solar Cells Reach Old Age?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

It is debatable.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Ozone eating away Indian crop yields

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Here are Actions that citizens,


businesses and industries can take to help prevent ozone pollution.
Tips for Citizens: 10 Things You Can Do

Share a ride to work or school.

Avoid morning rush-hour traffic.


Walk or ride a bicycle.

Take your lunch to work or school.


Combine errands into one trip.

Avoid drive-through lanes.


Postpone refueling until after 6 p.m.
Don't top off your gas tank when refueling.
Postpone using gas engines such as lawnmowers until after 6 p.m.
Keep your vehicle properly tuned to keep exhaust levels low.
Tips for Business and Industry:
Small Steps, Big Solutions

Shift work schedules to allow employees to avoid morning rush-hour


traffic.
Allow employees to work at home (telecommuting).

Offer bus passes.


For employees who rideshare or use public transportation, provide
a guaranteed emergency ride home.
Carpool to lunch and meetings.
Schedule meetings that don't require driving (meet on site or make
conference calls).
Offer free drinks at your cafeteria to encourage employees to eat
at work.
Postpone fueling fleet vehicles until after 6 p.m.
Postpone working with mowers, bulldozers, backhoes, tractors, and
other two-cycle engine activities.
Delay painting, degreasing, tank cleaning, ground maintenance, and
road repair.
Postpone routine flaring or venting of hydrocarbons.

Postpone the loading and hauling of volatile organic compound


(VOC).

Postpone VOC-producing activities such as chemical treatment and


catalyst preparation.
Switch loads to fired heaters or boilers with low nitrogen oxide
burners.
(Source: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Thinking beyond organics for safe food and water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Irrigation wont solve Indian farmers woes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

As one economist put it," Agriculture in spite of the glorious opportunities offered to is
sick because it is subjected to colonial economics which noone cares to study and
supersede. It is not the lack of resources but resourcefulness that explains why people
perish in the midst of plenty.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Q&A: Kandeh Yumkella on energy's role in fighting Ebola

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Kandeh Yumkella, much is expected from SE4ALL headed by you on the energy front.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Exploit urinals for cheap fertiliser, says Indian inventor

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

But in countries like India imbued with taboos and traditions,it is difficult to convince
people on usage of these things. In China Biogas production through human excreta is
in practice but not in India.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 7 comments

Sowing the seeds of stable agriculture

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Outstanding article.
Here is an Innovative system for growing Nutritional Green leafy vegetables in Africa:
Nutritious Green Leafy Vegetables for All

Dark green leafy vegetables are perhaps the most potent super food on the planet. They
are also the most ignored and avoided foods as well. If you consider the powerful dose
of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytonutrients that we
get from spinach, kale, chard, collards, dandelion and other greens, its a
wonder we can live without them.
Leafy Green Nutrition
Leafy green vegetables have more nutrition per calorie than any other food. Greens
make up a significant source vitamins A, C, E and K as well as several B
vitamins. They are rich sources of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron
and potassium. They are rich in fiber, extremely low in fat and carbohydrates
and provide an excellent source of protein.
As a general rule, you should aim to eat at least five servings of vegetables daily (thats
about 2 1/2 cups of cooked vegetables), and that includes leafy greens. As long as
they're prepared in a healthy way, leafy greens, like other nonstarchy
vegetables, are a great addition to your diet and offer countless health
benefits.
Leafy greens are full of vitamins, minerals, and disease-fighting phytochemicals. They
are rich in fiber, an important nutrient for weight loss and
maintenance because it keeps you feeling full and helps control your hunger.
Fiber can also lower cholesterol and blood pressure, and help to temper
blood-sugar swings by slowing the absorption of carbohydrates into your
bloodstream after meals. This lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2
diabetes. Leafy greens also contain a lot of water, which helps keep you
hydrated and contributes to beautiful skin and hair.
Some leafy greens, like collards and kale, are particularly rich in calcium, which helps
keep your teeth and bones strong and reduces your overall risk for
osteoporosis. Calcium also contributes to muscle function and blood-pressure
management. Leafy greens contain potassium as well, which further protects
against osteoporosis and helps manage blood-pressure levels.
The antioxidants like vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin that are contained in leafy
greens may help reduce your risk of cataracts and macular degeneration. Vitamin
C helps the body make collagen too; collagen is a major component of cartilage
that aids in joint flexibility, may reduce your risk of arthritis, and keeps your skin and

hair healthy and beautiful. Research shows vitamin C may also slow bone loss
and decrease the risk of fractures.
Leafy greens that contain beta-carotene, such as collard greens, spinach, and Swiss
chard, contribute to the growth and repair of the body's tissues. Beta-carotene may also
protect your skin against sun damage. Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in the
body, and food sources of beta-carotene are the best way to get your vitamin A fix, since
extremely high doses of vitamin A in supplements can be toxic and lead to bone, liver,
and neural disorders as well as birth defects. Food sources of beta-carotene are entirely
safe, though, since the body regulates how much beta-carotene is converted into
vitamin A.
Leafy greens are an excellent source of folate, which can reduce your risk of
cardiovascular disease and memory loss. And since folate contributes to the
production of serotonin, it may help ward off depression and improve mood.
The vitamin E found in green leafy vegetables works with vitamin C to keep skin healthy
as you age. This vitamin also helps protect your skin from the suns damaging rays and
may help reduce your risk of cataracts and macular degeneration.
When the Green leafy vegetables have such nutritional value,how is it not many people
use it? The reasons are: lack of availability,cost etc. In a bid to provide leafy vegetables
for all at an affordable price and using least space a simple,multi rack,easy to make
vegetable farming system has been designed and developed by
Dr.A.Jagadeesh,Director,Nayudamma Centre for Development
Alternatives,Nellore,Andhra Pradesh,India.
System Details:
Open Book racks are available commercially in towns and villages. These can be
assembled and dismantled easily. The height beween the gap of rack can be varied. A 5
level rack has been assembled reversing the plates(so that they
actlike a vessel) fixing extra plates on each side of rack level to give more
depth( about 5 to 6 cm) The Plates are a bit inclined and have small holes at
the end to drain extra water. Used Fertiliser bags(which are available) are cut
and spread in the space of the plates and filled with soil. Natural manure is
mixed with sooil. The setup is faced sun facing (East to west in South India).The leafy
vegetrable seeds are sprayed in each of the tray which is divided into
half. Thus in 5 plate vessels 10 varieitis of leafy vegetables can be

grown. One can choose which green leafy vegetables to grow. This way within 20 days
one can get sizeable plants. By having two racks one can get round the week
vegetables. For commercial purposes one can go for modular system. This can be
placed on the roof top or in the backyard and occupies little space(vertical). Since
natural fertilizer is provided at the roots,the roots wont go deep.
Advantages:
The whole unit is afforbable and can be easily assemblesd with a spanner.
It is mobile.
The height can be varied between plates to the size of the plants to be grown.
One can get natural organically grown leafy vegetables.
The system costs in Andhra Pradesh(South India) rs 2000(About 33 US$).
Mass production can reduce the cost of the system.
The Government can promote this system for livelihood among weaker sections of
society.
The unit lasts atleast Two years and with proper painting and maintenance 4 years.
The investment on the system can be recovered in 6 months.
Nutritios green leafy vegetables are available to all.
Using this set up with controlled conditions like shade,Broccoli sprouts can be raised:
Broccoli sprouts are three- to four-day-old broccoli plants that look like alfalfa sprouts,
but taste like radishes. The radish flavor comes from a phytochemical that may act as
protection against vectors (see also radical or free-radical theory) while the broccoli
plant is still young. This phytochemical not only benefits the young plant, but also when
eaten by humans, may act as an antioxidant to stimulate the ability of cells to protect
against disease.
Broccoli sprouts actually have lower nutritional values than full sized broccoli according
to the USDA.Many studies compare the nutritional value of dry, dormant seeds to
sprouts to obtain an exaggerated positive result for sprouts. However, the sprouts are
not typically consumed for their nutrient content; they are consumed for their content of
bioactive molecules with potent nutrigenomic potential. Broccoli sprouts contain a
particular glucosinolate compound, glucoraphanin, which is found in vacuoles within the
cytoplasm of the plant cell. The membrane of the plant cells also contain an enzyme,

myrosinase, which is walled off from the vacuoles of glucoraphanin. Only when the plant
cell is ruptured by cutting, chewing, etc. do the two substances come into contact with
each other. In the moist environment of the cell, this leads to a chemical reaction
wherein the
myrosinase converts the glucoraphanin to an isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. It is
predominantly the sulforaphane for which broccoli sprouts have been so widely
researched. The glucoraphanin of itself is inert.
Hundreds of research studies occur every year on the cancer preventive potential of
plant nutrients. The cancer preventive property of cruciferous vegetables and
sulforaphane is the subject of over 700 research studies to date. The following table is a
representation of the epidemiological evidence of cancer prevention by cruciferous
vegetables.
Broccoli sprouts can be grown pretty much anywhere and require very
little space or equipment. High in vitamins and antioxidants, broccoli sprouts
have been found to contain higher concentrations of cancer-fighting compounds
than broccoli grown to full size.
They have very high levels of nutrients and enzymes, which provide the body valuable
energy to detox and strengthen the immune system.
According to the Hippocrates Health Institute, the other key benefits of sprouts
include:
- Increased vitality, energy and vigor from the large amount of enzymes.
- 10 to 100 times more enzymes than fruits and vegetables when eaten within the first
seven days of being sprouted.
- Powerful antioxidants which help fight free radicals and aging.
- The minerals and nutrients are easily absorbed into the body.
While there are many excellent sprouts, there is a specific reason why I buy organic
broccoli sprouts.
What broccoli sprouts offer is sulforaphane, a powerful anti-cancer compound that helps
fight and reduce the risk of developing cancer.
Dr. Paul Talalay, Professor of Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University, found that 3day old broccoli sprouts consistently contained 20 to 50 times the amount of

chemoprotective compounds than those found in mature broccoli heads. And


sulforaphane is the reason why.
The second one is simple soil solarisation:
The advantages are:
It will help plants to: Good light insulation, sunlight warming the ground fast;Block the
sunlight and weed control; Restrain the moisture in the soil; Protect plants from water,
dust and frost; Promote crop precocious, yield and quality.
My aim is To take it up with Local,National and International organisations,NGOs, Media
both Print and Electronic to Promote it on a world wide level.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Peruvian scientists disgruntled with brain gain scheme

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Very interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

How to transfer knowledge from classroom to village

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent article.
National Science Service Programme
In our educational system (both at School and College level) in India
emphasis must be laid on schemes which envisage exposure of students to the

problems of society. Just as we have NCC, NSS, we can also have a National
Science Service Programme (NSSP), which envisages the utilisation of the
services of Science Teachers and students for constructive activities in
villages. Under the programme the students from degree classes led by a
Lecturer choose and ADOPT a village near them. They will visit the village and
acquaint themselves with the problems of the villagers. They will plan how best
they can utilise the knowledge acquired in the classroom, for bettering the lot
of the villagers. They will prepare a mini-plan extending over 3 years, for
example, they can under take soil analysis, water analysis, pest control of
crops etc. In the regular curriculum practical training on subjects like soil
analysis, water analysis, blood testing etc., can be given.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Nature News 1 comments

Through the nanoscope: A Nobel Prize gallery

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Unique pictures.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Nature News 2 comments

Nobel for microscopy that reveals inner world of cells

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Hearty Congratulations Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner, for winning
Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2014.

Ever since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek turned his simple microscope on a bit of pond
water in the 17th century, optical microscopes have been a key tool for biologists.
Unfortunately, they're rather limited as to the smallness of what they can see or at
least, they were. This year's winners of the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, Eric Betzig,
Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner, changed all that. Their discovery of two methods
to bypass the physical limits of optical microscopes led to the creation of the field of
nano microscopy.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Nature News 1 comments

Nobel prize for decoding brains sense of place

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Congratulations Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser and John OKeefe for winning the Nobel
Prize in Physiology for 2014.
The finding, a fundamental piece of research, explains how the brain works but does not
have immediate implications for new medicines, since it does not set out a mechanism
of action.
But knowledge about the brain's positioning system can also help understanding of what
causes loss of spatial awareness in stroke patients or those with devastating brain
diseases like dementia, of which Alzheimer's is the most common form and which
affects 44 million people worldwide.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Nature News 1 comments

Nobel for blue LED that revolutionized lighting

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Hearty congratulations Shuji Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki for
winning the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2014.
The development of LED
technology has caused their efficiency and light output to rise exponentially, with a
doubling occurring
approximately every 36 months since the 1960s, in a way similar to Moore's law.
This trend is generally attributed to the parallel development of other semiconductor
technologies and advances in optics and material science, and has been called Haitz's
law after Dr. Roland Haitz.
In 2001 and 2002, processes for growing gallium nitride (GaN) LEDs on silicon were
successfully demonstrated. In
January 2012, Osram demonstrated high-power InGaN LEDs
grown on silicon substrates commercially. It
has been speculated that the use of six-inch silicon wafers instead of two-inch sapphire
wafers andepitaxy manufacturing processes could reduce
production costs by up to 90%.
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Reader's Digest Australia 1 comments

How to Grow Broccoli

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent article on Broccoli cultivation.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 8 comments

Organic Coating on Silicon Photovoltaics Could Boost


Efficiencies Far Beyond Limits

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

May lead to breakthrough in solar cell efficiency.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 44 comments

5 reasons why cold showers are beneficial

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Cold water bath improves blood circulation and nervous system. That is why many
people in India go to Rivers to take bath. When foot becomes numb,people pour cold
water on it so that blood circulation is accelerated.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 24 comments

Coming Soon: Cheap light rooftop solar you can install


yourself.

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent. These things will make solar PV more popular in developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 7 comments

New approach to boosting biofuel production

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Will somebody work on Agave and opuntia with this technique?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 3 comments

Juma Receives Lifetime Africa Achievement Prize

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Congratulations Calestous Juma.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on The Japan Times Online 12 comments

Three Japan-born men win Nobel Prize in physics for blue


LEDs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Hearty congratulations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 9 comments

Germany kicks our butts, again, at clean energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Germany is a fine example of harnessing Renewables.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 3 comments

Grow tiny gardens of nutritious micro-greens in your


window with these kits

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago Detected as spam

Such systems are fancy in the west as they have more glass doors for windows to let
sunlight in. In developing countries such a system wont work.
I have designed and developed an innovative system to grow green leafy vegetables at
an affordable cost specially suited to developing countries in Asia,Africa and
Latin America.
NUTRITIOUS LEAFY VEGETABLES FOR ALL
INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
There is a general agreement that green leaf vegetables have the best nutritional value.
But unfortunately lack of adequate supply and high cost forbid their wider consumption
especially in urban areas.With a view to have leaf green leaf vegetables available to all
and also to generate livelihood for rural women,an innovative,simple,cost
effective,mobile vertical farm system has been designed by Dr.A.Jagadeesh.By
spending just Rs 2000,a rural women can earn about Rs 100 every day minimum by
selling the green leaf vegetables. Urban people can get vegetables(leaf) at the doorstep.
(a US $ = Rs 60)
Advantages

1 Easy to make at local level2 The height between the plates can be varied for
conveneience3 The metal can be quoted with double coating of redoxide so that it is
rustproof4 Because of slant,water logging is avoided5. In South India, several green
leafy vegetables like:Allmanianodiflora,Alternantherasessilis,
amaranthuscaudatus,Amaranthuscruentus,
Amaranthus tricolor, Amaranthusviridis,Basellarubra,Boerhaviadiffusa,
Brassica juncea, Cassia italic, Celosia argentea,Chenopodium album, Cleome
gynandra, Coriandrum sativum,Cucurbita maximaDuchesne, Digeramuricata, Hibiscus
cannabinus,Hibiscussabdariffa, Hygrophilaauriculata,
Hygrophilaauriculata,Menthaspicata,
Mirabilisjalapa, Moringaoleifera, Murrayakoenigii,Portulacapilosa,Portulacaquadrifida,
Rumexvesicarius, Sesbaniagrandiflora,Spinaciaoleracea,Tamarindusindica,
Trigonellafoenum-graecumare used.- The chemical constituents present
in green leafy vegetables are of greatpharmacological or
medicinal importance. Phytonutrients present in green leafyvegetables
produce many common health benefits like protection from eyeproblems, oxidative
stress, iron deficiency etc., Consumption of green leafy foodsbenefits
human health by improving nutritional status and reducing risks ofspecific
diseases like diabetes, cancer and hepatotoxicity.6. The chemical
constituents present in green leafy vegetables are of greatpharmacological or
medicinal importance. Phytonutrients present in green leafyvegetables
produce many common health benefits like protection from eyeproblems, oxidative
stress, iron deficiency etc., Consumption of green leafyfoods benefits
human health by improving nutritional status and reducing risksof specific
diseases like diabetes, cancer and hepatotoxicity.7. By spending just
Rs 2000,a rural women can earn about Rs 100 every dayminimum by selling
the green leaf vegetables. Urban people can get green leafvegetables
at the doorstep.
simple soil solarisation
The pots where plants like rose,jasmine and vegetables like Tomato, Bhendi etc.are
grown there will be weeds around the plant which take water as well asmanure.
To avoid this black polyethylene is wrapped on the pots with a hole inthe
middle from where the plants will come up.
The advantages are:

It will Help plants to:


1. Good light insulation, sunlight warming the ground fast;Block thesunlight
and weed control;
https://www.scribd.com/doc/241...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Bright, Flexible Gallium Nitride LEDs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Advancement in LED Technology.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Rockefeller Foundation 2 comments

Defining the Problem to Find the Solution

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago Removed

Nutritious Green Leafy vegetables My Innovative System & Simple Soil Solarisation &
Other Agricultural and Energy Projects Implementation in Developing Countries by
Rockefeller Foundation
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Director
Nayudamma Centre for Development Alternatives
2/210 First Floor
Nawabpet
NELLORE- 524 002

Andhra Pradesh
INDIA
E-mail:anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
Facebook:http://www.facebook.com/anumak...
Blog: http://www.drjagadeeshncda.blo...
Twitter: @anumakondaj
Phone: ++ 91 861
2317776
Mobile: +91 9490125950
Vice Chancellor(Scientific Communications)
Australian Institute of High Energetic Materials
Clayton
Victoria
AUSTRALIA
Innovative System for
Nutritious Green Leafy Vegetables & Simple Soil Solarisation
https://www.scribd.com/doc/241...
Outstanding Comments by
Dr.A.Jagadeesh on Research Papers published in nature and naturenews
http://www.scribd.com/doc/6457...
Innovative People?s Technologies
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2162...
Many Uses of Agave
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2162...
Nellore Scientist's Distinction(Dr.Anumakonda Jagadeesh Blog
Statistics)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2162...
Over 3500 Comments published by Dr.A.Jagadeeh in International
Journals|Newsletters
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2162...

MIT Technology Review Agave & Opuntia Comments by


Dr.A.Jagadeesh
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2162...
Comments on Offshore Wind Farms
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2162...
Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 11 comments

India Plans First Offshore Wind Farm, Continued Coal


Expansion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh aksdad 7 months ago

Renewables at best can supplement conventional power but cannot replace the latter.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

India Pledges $250 Million to Grid Improvements, Solar


Power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Here is a Blue Print for Renewables in India:


Wind Farm co-operatives (Solar Co-operatives also)can be started in India on the lines
of those in Denmark,Germany etc. Hitherto financial benefits are given to big
industrialists who establish wind farms. A RENEWABLE ENERGY FUND can be
created by Union Government and investment in this under Section 80C to get tax
exemption will help to create huge funds.
1. Promote Offshore Wind Farms.
2. Promote small wind generators as decentralised systems

3. Roof Top PV Solar


4. Creating Renewable Energy Fund. Investment by Income Tax Payers to be
exempted under Section 80C.
5. Wind Farm Co-operatives on the lines of those in Germany,Denmark etc.
6. Solar Co-operatives on the lines of those in US.
7. Energy Conservation by replacing most of the inefficient 2.6 million
irrigation electric pump sets(About 30% power can be saved). Agriculture
consumes much power next only to Industry
8. Reading lights with reliable and quality dual powered(Solar/Electricity/USB)
to save enormous
energy.
9. Biofuel/Biogas for power generation and cooking from Agave/opuntia care-free
growth,regenerative and CAM plants. In China Biogas for cooking is supplied
trough pipes.
In the vast vacant land in India Agave and Opuntia can be grown and power
generation established as decentralised
locally.
10. Simple Box Type Solar Cooker with frying facility( 3D
approach,Design,Demonstrate and Disseminate)
11.Cost effective vertical and cylindrical,mobile solar water heater design.
12. Low head Micro hydro device to generate power from the head of falling
water from the delivery pipe of
Electric/diesel pumpsets.
13. KW size Biogas power/cooking plant for villages.
14. Simple solar drier
15. Growing CAM Plants in Waste and Vacant lands which act as Carbon Sink.
In carrying out the above innovative projects services of Experts in the
field,NGOs etc. can be utilised by the Government.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India

Renewable Energy Expert


EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 125 comments

An Energy-Storing Wind Turbine Would Provide Power 24/7

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Very innovative system.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Nanograss is Greener on the Photovoltaic Side

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Future Solar Cells.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

The Indoor Aquaponics Farm

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent.
Nutritious Green Leafy Vegetables for All

Dark green leafy vegetables are perhaps the most potent super food on the planet. They
are also the most ignored and avoided foods as well. If you consider the powerful dose
of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytonutrients that we
get from spinach, kale, chard, collards, dandelion and other greens, its a
wonder we can live without them.
Leafy Green Nutrition
Leafy green vegetables have more nutrition per calorie than any other food. Greens
make up a significant source vitamins A, C, E and K as well as several B
vitamins. They are rich sources of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron
and potassium. They are rich in fiber, extremely low in fat and carbohydrates
and provide an excellent source of protein.
As a general rule, you should aim to eat at least five servings of vegetables daily (thats
about 2 1/2 cups of cooked vegetables), and that includes leafy greens. As long as
they're prepared in a healthy way, leafy greens, like other nonstarchy
vegetables, are a great addition to your diet and offer countless health
benefits.
Leafy greens are full of vitamins, minerals, and disease-fighting phytochemicals. They
are rich in fiber, an important nutrient for weight loss and
maintenance because it keeps you feeling full and helps control your hunger.
Fiber can also lower cholesterol and blood pressure, and help to temper
blood-sugar swings by slowing the absorption of carbohydrates into your
bloodstream after meals. This lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2
diabetes. Leafy greens also contain a lot of water, which helps keep you
hydrated and contributes to beautiful skin and hair.
Some leafy greens, like collards and kale, are particularly rich in calcium, which helps
keep your teeth and bones strong and reduces your overall risk for
osteoporosis. Calcium also contributes to muscle function and blood-pressure
management. Leafy greens contain potassium as well, which further protects
against osteoporosis and helps manage blood-pressure levels.
The antioxidants like vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin that are contained in leafy
greens may help reduce your risk of cataracts and macular degeneration. Vitamin
C helps the body make collagen too; collagen is a major component of cartilage
that aids in joint flexibility, may reduce your risk of arthritis, and keeps your skin and

hair healthy and beautiful. Research shows vitamin C may also slow bone loss
and decrease the risk of fractures.
Leafy greens that contain beta-carotene, such as collard greens, spinach, and Swiss
chard, contribute to the growth and repair of the body's tissues. Beta-carotene may also
protect your skin against sun damage. Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in the
body, and food sources of beta-carotene are the best way to get your vitamin A fix, since
extremely high doses of vitamin A in supplements can be toxic and lead to bone, liver,
and neural disorders as well as birth defects. Food sources of beta-carotene are entirely
safe, though, since the body regulates how much beta-carotene is converted into
vitamin A.
Leafy greens are an excellent source of folate, which can reduce your risk of
cardiovascular disease and memory loss. And since folate contributes to the
production of serotonin, it may help ward off depression and improve mood.
The vitamin E found in green leafy vegetables works with vitamin C to keep skin healthy
as you age. This vitamin also helps protect your skin from the suns damaging rays and
may help reduce your risk of cataracts and macular degeneration.
When the Green leafy vegetables have such nutritional value,how is it not many people
use it? The reasons are: lack of availability,cost etc. In a bid to provide leafy vegetables
for all at an affordable price and using least space a simple,multi rack,easy to make
vegetable farming system has been designed and developed by
Dr.A.Jagadeesh,Director,Nayudamma Centre for Development
Alternatives,Nellore,Andhra Pradesh,India.
System Details:
Open Book racks are available commercially in towns and villages. These can be
assembled and dismantled easily. The height beween the gap of rack can be varied. A 5
level rack has been assembled reversing the plates(so that they
actlike a vessel) fixing extra plates on each side of rack level to give more
depth( about 5 to 6 cm) The Plates are a bit inclined and have small holes at
the end to drain extra water. Used Fertiliser bags(which are available) are cut
and spread in the space of the plates and filled with soil. Natural manure is
mixed with sooil. The setup is faced sun facing (East to west in South India).The leafy
vegetrable seeds are sprayed in each of the tray which is divided into
half. Thus in 5 plate vessels 10 varieitis of leafy vegetables can be

grown. One can choose which green leafy vegetables to grow. This way within 20 days
one can get sizeable plants. By having two racks one can get round the week
vegetables. For commercial purposes one can go for modular system. This can be
placed on the roof top or in the backyard and occupies little space(vertical). Since
natural fertilizer is provided at the roots,the roots wont go deep.
Advantages:
The whole unit is afforbable and can be easily assemblesd with a spanner.
It is mobile.
The height can be varied between plates to the size of the plants to be grown.
One can get natural organically grown leafy vegetables.
The system costs in Andhra Pradesh(South India) rs 2000(About 33 US$).
Mass production can reduce the cost of the system.
The Government can promote this system for livelihood among weaker sections of
society.
The unit lasts atleast Two years and with proper painting and maintenance 4 years.
The investment on the system can be recovered in 6 months.
Nutritios green leafy vegetables are available to all.
Using this set up with controlled conditions like shade,Broccoli sprouts can be raised:
Broccoli sprouts are three- to four-day-old broccoli plants that look like alfalfa sprouts,
but taste like radishes. The radish flavor comes from a phytochemical that may act as
protection against vectors (see also radical or free-radical theory) while the broccoli
plant is still young. This phytochemical not only benefits the young plant, but also when
eaten by humans, may act as an antioxidant to stimulate the ability of cells to protect
against disease.
Broccoli sprouts actually have lower nutritional values than full sized broccoli according
to the USDA.Many studies compare the nutritional value of dry, dormant seeds to
sprouts to obtain an exaggerated positive result for sprouts. However, the sprouts are
not typically consumed for their nutrient content; they are consumed for their content of
bioactive molecules with potent nutrigenomic potential. Broccoli sprouts contain a
particular glucosinolate compound, glucoraphanin, which is found in vacuoles within the
cytoplasm of the plant cell. The membrane of the plant cells also contain an enzyme,

myrosinase, which is walled off from the vacuoles of glucoraphanin. Only when the plant
cell is ruptured by cutting, chewing, etc. do the two substances come into contact with
each other. In the moist environment of the cell, this leads to a chemical reaction
wherein the
myrosinase converts the glucoraphanin to an isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. It is
predominantly the sulforaphane for which broccoli sprouts have been so widely
researched. The glucoraphanin of itself is inert.
Hundreds of research studies occur every year on the cancer preventive potential of
plant nutrients. The cancer preventive property of cruciferous vegetables and
sulforaphane is the subject of over 700 research studies to date. The following table is a
representation of the epidemiological evidence of cancer prevention by cruciferous
vegetables.
Broccoli sprouts can be grown pretty much anywhere and require very
little space or equipment. High in vitamins and antioxidants, broccoli sprouts
have been found to contain higher concentrations of cancer-fighting compounds
than broccoli grown to full size.
They have very high levels of nutrients and enzymes, which provide the body valuable
energy to detox and strengthen the immune system.
According to the Hippocrates Health Institute, the other key benefits of sprouts
include:
- Increased vitality, energy and vigor from the large amount of enzymes.
- 10 to 100 times more enzymes than fruits and vegetables when eaten within the first
seven days of being sprouted.
- Powerful antioxidants which help fight free radicals and aging.
- The minerals and nutrients are easily absorbed into the body.
While there are many excellent sprouts, there is a specific reason why I buy organic
broccoli sprouts.
What broccoli sprouts offer is sulforaphane, a powerful anti-cancer compound that helps
fight and reduce the risk of developing cancer.
Dr. Paul Talalay, Professor of Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University, found that 3day old broccoli sprouts consistently contained 20 to 50 times the amount of

chemoprotective compounds than those found in mature broccoli heads. And


sulforaphane is the reason why.
The second one is simple soil solarisation:
The advantages are:
It will help plants to: Good light insulation, sunlight warming the ground fast;Block the
sunlight and weed control; Restrain the moisture in the soil; Protect plants from water,
dust and frost; Promote crop precocious, yield and quality.
My aim is To take it up with Local,National and International organisations,NGOs, Media
both Print and Electronic to Promote it on a world wide level.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 4 comments

Financing Innovation Key To Indias Renewable Energy


Expansion, Says NRDC

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

I have a novel and innovative policy to finance Renewables in India through People's
cooperation. Also Wind Farm /solar co-operatives can be started in India on the lines of
those in Denmark,Germany etc. Hitherto financial benefits are given to big
industrialists who establish wind farms. A RENEWABLE ENERGY FUND can be
created by Union Government and investment in this under Section 80C to get tax
exemption will help to create huge funds..This way the individual tax layer will become a
partner in Renewable energy Projects.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 1 comments

Japan Focuses On Zero-Energy Buildings

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent.
Do most of the developing countries need air-conditioning at all? Traditional
houses with cross ventilation and Mud offer promise. Only thing is we have to
modernise the traditional systems. There is Rocky Mountain Institute's Zero
Energy House, Mud houses in Rajasthan (India).
The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe,typifies the best of green architecture and
ecologically sensitive adaptation.The countrys largest office and shopping complex is
an architectural marvel in its use of biomimicry principles. The mid-rise building,
designed by architect Mick Pearce in conjunction with engineers at Arup Associates,
has no conventional air-conditioning or heating, yet stays regulated year round with
dramatically less energy consumption using design methods inspired by indigenous
Zimbabwean masonry and the self-cooling mounds of African termites!
Termites in Zimbabwe build gigantic mounds inside of which they farm a fungus that is
their primary food source. The fungus must be kept at exactly 87 degrees F, while the
temperatures outside range from 35 degrees F at night to 104 degrees F during the day.
The termites achieve this remarkable feat by constantly opening and closing a series of
heating and cooling vents throughout the mound over the course of the day. With a
system of carefully adjusted convection currents, air is sucked in at the lower part of the
mound, down into enclosures with muddy walls, and up through a channel to the peak
of the termite mound. The industrious termites constantly dig new vents and plug up old
ones in order to regulate the temperature.
The Eastgate Centre, largely made of concrete, has a ventilation system which operates
in a similar way. Outside air that is drawn in is either warmed or cooled by the building
mass depending on which is hotter, the building concrete or the air. It is then vented into
the buildings floors and offices before exiting via chimneys at the top. The complex also
consists of two buildings side by side that are separated by an open space that is
covered by glass and open to the local breezes.

Air is continuously drawn from this open space by fans on the first floor. It is then
pushed up vertical supply sections of ducts that are located in the central spine of each
of the two buildings. The fresh air replaces stale air that rises and exits through exhaust
ports in the ceilings of each floor. Ultimately it enters the exhaust section of the vertical
ducts before it is flushed out of the building through chimneys.
The Eastgate Centre uses less than 10 percent of the energy of a conventional building
its size. These efficiencies translate directly to the bottom line: Eastgates owners have
saved $3.5 million alone because of an air-conditioning system that did not have to be
implemented. Outside of being eco-efficient and better for the environment, these
savings also trickle down to the tenants whose rents are 20 percent lower than those of
occupants in the surrounding buildings.
Our approach should be MODERNISE THE TRADITIONAL
- TRADITIONALISE THE MODERN.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 4 comments

South Australia Hitting 25% Of Electricity Demand From


Rooftop Solar PV

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

There is excellent scope to go for Roof Top Solar in India.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 17 comments

Getting Power To 12 Billion People

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 78 comments

The Great Lightbulb Conspiracy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Outstanding article on the history of Bulb and its evolution. Still bulb is put to sympolise
Invention. We salute the Greatest inventor of all times Sir Thomas Alva Edison for
bringing light to the world.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 11 comments

India Plans First Offshore Wind Farm, Continued Coal


Expansion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Better late than never.


I have had been advocating starting offshore wind farms in India since 1994.
Here are few Suggestions on Wind Energy in India:
State Capacity of Wind Power as on 31.03.2014(MW)
Tamil Nadu
7276
Gujarat

3414
Maharashtra
4098
Rajasthan
2820
Karnataka
2409
Andhra Pradesh
753
Madhya Pradesh
439.00
Kerala
55
Others 4.30
Total 21264 MW
Though India occupies 5th position in Wind in the world,no offshore wind farms.
The total length of coastline along each of the coastal State/UT in the country is
as follows:
Sl.
No. State / UT Length of
coastline (in km)
(i) Gujarat 1214.7
(ii) Maharashtra 652.6
(iii) Goa, Daman and Diu 160.5
(iv) Karnataka 280.0
(v) Kerala 569.7
(vi) Tamil Nadu 906.9
(vii) Pudducherry 30.6

(viii) Andhra Pradesh 973.7


(ix) Odisha 476.4
(x) West Bengal 157.5
(xi) Lakshadweep Islands 132.0
(xii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1962.0
Total Coastline 7516.6
Offshore wind farms are the need of the hour in India.
Also Wind Farm co-operatives can be started in India on the lines of those in
Denmark,Germany etc. Hitherto financial benefits are given to big
industrialists who establish wind farms. A RENEWABLE ENERGY FUND can be
created by Union Government and investment in this under Section 80C to get tax
exemption will help to create huge funds.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Wind Energy Expert
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago Removed

Better late than never.


I have had been advocating starting offshore wind farms in India since 1994.
Here are few Suggestions on Wind Energy in India:
State Capacity of Wind Power as on 31.03.2014(MW)
Tamil Nadu
7276
Gujarat
3414
Maharashtra
4098
Rajasthan
2820

Karnataka
2409
Andhra Pradesh
753
Madhya Pradesh
439.00
Kerala
55
Others 4.30
Total 21264 MW
Though India occupies 5th position in Wind in the world,no offshore wind farms. Infact
way back in 1994 itself I suggested Offshore Wind Farms(Refer my Letter to the
Editor,THE HINDU).
WHY NOT WE START OFFSHORE WIND FARMS?
Today there is much interest in offshore windfarms in Europe with UK leading.
US,France,Taiwan,China etc. have ambitious plans to go in for offshore Wind Farms.
Following are the official figures sourced from union governments latest documents:
The total length of coastline along each of the coastal State/UT in the country is as
follows:
Sl. No. State / UT Length of
coastline (in km)
(i) Gujarat 1214.7
(ii) Maharashtra 652.6
(iii) Goa, Daman and Diu 160.5
(iv) Karnataka 280.0
(v) Kerala 569.7
(vi) Tamil Nadu 906.9
(vii) Pudducherry 30.6
(viii) Andhra Pradesh 973.7
(ix) Odisha 476.4
(x) West Bengal 157.5
(xi) Lakshadweep Islands 132.0

(xii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1962.0


Total Coastline 7516.6
Offshore wind power:
Offshore wind power refers to the construction of wind farms in bodies of water to
generate electricity from wind. Better wind speeds are available offshore compared to on
land, so offshore wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied is higher.
Power P = 0.5 p A V3 .. ..
Where P = Power, p density of air,V=speed of the wind and A is the area of the
intercepted airstream (equal to the swept by the (1) rotor).
In standard conditions (sea level, temperature 15 degrees Celsius) the density of the air
is 1.225 kg/m3. So the amount of Power intercepted by each square rotor is:
P=0.612 V3 Watts (2)
For Example, if the wind speed is 6 m/s (a moderate breeze) the power intercepted per
square meter is 0.612 X 63 = 132 W; but if the speed rises to 24 m/s (a severe gale) the
power becomes 0.612 X 243 = 8460 W. This massive increase is due to cubic
relationship between wind speed and power by equation (2). Here the word intercepted
rather than captured is used because the above figures relate to the power in the wind,
not the amount actually extracted by a turbine rotor. Large modern turbines typically
capture up of about 50% of the wind power presented to them.
Betz's law is a theory about the maximum possible energy to be derived from a wind
turbine developed in 1919 by the German physicist Albert Betz. According to Betz's law,
no turbine can capture more than 59.3 percent of the kinetic energy in wind. The ideal or
maximum theoretical efficiency n max (also called power coefficient) of a wind turbine is
the ratio of maximum power obtained from the wind to the total power available in the
wind. The factor 0.593 is known as Betz's coefficient. It is the maximum fraction of the
power in a wind stream that can be extracted.
Economics and benefits
Offshore wind power can help to reduce energy imports, reduce air pollution and
greenhouse gases (by displacing fossil-fuel power generation), meet renewable
electricity standards, and create jobs and local business opportunities.
COST COMPARISON OF ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
Onshore

Investment of about $1.5 million per MW


Levelized cost of 6-7 cents per kWh
O&M 1-3% of capital costs
May be built in smaller units
Offshore
Investment of $2.3 million per MW
Levelized cost of about 10-11 cents per kWh
Higher O&M 40$ per kW and 0.7 cents per kWh variable
Large turbines and farms required
In spite of the higher costs and the uncertainties involved in offshore wind, research in
this sector has been significant, and the main reason is the potential offered by offshore
wind turbines, especially in lands close to water
At the end of 2011, there were 53 European offshore wind farms in waters off Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United
Kingdom, with an operating capacity of 3,813 MW, while 5,603 MW is under
construction .
Despite economic and political uncertainties, weakening investments, grid connection
issues and a dip in the U.S. onshore wind energy market, offshore wind around the
world continues its momentum. The European Wind Energy Assn. (EWEA, Brussels,
Belgium) says 132 offshore wind turbines in 13 wind farms (523.2 MW of capacity)
came online in the first six months of 2012 an increase of 50 percent from the same
period in 2011. EWEA also reports that as of June 2012, 4.3 GW of offshore turbines
had been installed off the European coast, and conservative estimates are that the total
could grow to 25 GW by 2020. In Japan a huge new 1-GW offshore wind farm the
worlds largest to date was announced in January to replace the nuclear power
capacity lost in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Although the U.K. (the worlds
leader in installed offshore units), Germany, Belgium, France and Italy lead the offshore
surge, Chinas offshore wind industry is reportedly poised for huge growth. Moreover,
Morocco and Tunisia have active developments, and in 2014, Egypt will begin work on a
200-MW wind farm in the Gulf of Suez. In fact, the offshore wind analysts at 4C Offshore
(Suffolk, U.K.) are tracking 1,301 offshore wind projects in 38 countries with a total
nameplate power capacity of 3.6 GW
Wind power is the most established technology in the world. Per MW costs around Rs 6
Crores(as compared to 17.5 Crores Canal top Solar Plant. The generation of power 16

Lakh Units per year by this canal top solar which is far below wind power generation per
MW.
The main advantages of power generation from wind energy are:
1. The capital cost is comparable with conventional power plants. For a wind farm, the
capital cost ranges between 4.5 crores to 6.85 crores per MW, depending up on the
type of turbine, technology, size and location.
2. Construction time is less.
3. Fuel cost is zero.
4. O & M cost is very low.
5. Capacity addition can be in modular form.
6. There is no adverse effect on global environment. The whole system is pollution free
and environment friendly.
We cannot be always imitators in Renewable Energy and we should also be Innovators
.
At greater heights there is vast scope to harness Wind Energy in India including AP:
Estimation of installed Wind Power Potential at
50 meter and 80 Meter hub-height.
States / UTs Estimated potential (MW)
@ 50 m ($) @ 80 m (* #$)
Andaman & Nicobar 2 365
Andhra Pradesh 5394 14497
Arunachal Pradesh* 201 236
Assam* 53 112
Bihar - 144
Chhattisgarh* 23 314
Dieu Damn - 4
Gujarat 10609 35071
Haryana - 93
Himachal Pradesh * 20 64
Jharkhand - 91
Jammu & Kashmir * 5311 5685
Karnataka 8591 13593
Kerala 790 837
Lakshadweep 16 16

Madhya Pradesh 920 2931


Maharashtra 5439 5961
Manipur* 7 56
Meghalaya * 44 82
Nagaland * 3 16
Orissa 910 1384
Pondicherry - 120
Rajasthan 5005 5050
Sikkim * 98 98
Tamil Nadu 5374 14152
Uttarakhand * 161 534
Uttar Pradesh * 137 1260
West Bengal* 22 22
Total 49,130 1,02,788
* Wind potential has yet to be validated with actual measurements.
# Estimation is based on meso scale modelling (Indian Wind Atlas).
$ As actual land assessment is not done on a conservative consideration 2 % land
availability for all states except Himalayan & North eastern states, Andaman Nicobar
Islands and Poor windy states has been assumed. In other area 0.5% land availability
has been assumed.
Source: C-WET
Also Wind Farm co-operatives can be started in India on the lines of those in
Denmark,Germany etc. Hitherto financial benefits are given to big industrialists who
establish wind farms. A RENEWABLE ENERGY FUND can be created by Union
Government and investment in this under Section 80C to get tax exemption will help to
create huge funds.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Wind Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
Discussion on MIT News 7 comments

How to make a perfect solar absorber

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Great Advancement.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 7 comments

New formulation leads to improved liquid battery

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 7 months ago

Excellent. Infact storage for Renewables like Wind and solar is a major problem
involving cost.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Solar Cookers Get Hot

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

In fact there is the need to have solar cookers with storage. Some Efforts were made in
the past by Dr.David Mills of Sydney university in this direction.
Heat-accumulating steam Cooker
Type: Linear-parabolic reflector cooker with heat storage in steam and water
Developed by: David R. Mills, School of Physics, University of Sidney, Australia Mao Yin
Qiu, Gansu Natural Energy Research Institute, Lanzhow, Gansu Province, China.
Compared to most other solar cookers, the solar cooking stove, or solar steam cooker,

is a relatively sophisticated device that unites some of the characteristics of reflector


cookers, steam cookers and heat-accumulating solar cookers.
The principle-of operation: Water is heated and subsequently evaporated in an
evacuated glass absorber tube situated in line with the focal line of a linear
parabolic reflector. The water is transported to a barrel-shaped, water +
steam-filled heat store by natural (thermosiphon) circulation; as more water
evaporates, the pressure increases steadily. The top of the cylindrical heat
store serves as a hot plate that imparts the heat of the steam to the cooking
pot/food. The process involved is similar to that of a heat pipe: steam
condenses on the relatively cool surface of the pressure vessel and gives off
latent heat (of condensation). That causes the pressure to decrease,
consequently allowing more water to evaporate, and the process continues.
According to Mills and Mao Yin Qiu, the maximum achievable temperature is about
170C. The system is designed for a corresponding watervapour pressure. The device
can store about 2 kWh per day of good sunshine, or enough to prepare about 50
sausages or 50 fried potatoes. At 4 kW, the starting power is relatively high.The linear
parabolic reflector has to be adjusted to the seasonal solar
altitude 10-20 times a year. Daytime solar tracking is unnecessary.
The reflector area is 2 x 0.9 m, and the storage volume is 23 l.
A solar cooking stove in combination with a linear reflector constitutes a
totally new combination of ideas and action principles in solar cooking.
However, it is comparatively expensive.
Solar Energy Limited, UK, promotes Prometheus solar cookers. Dominic Michaelis is
the inventor. The cookers are made of waterproof cardboard
sandwiched between two layers of polyester film, one of which is reflective.
Though the functionality of the Prometheus is similar to parabolic-type solar
cookers, the geodesic construction is unique, earning the European Carton
Makers Association (ECMA) Innovation Award in 2000. The cooker reaches
temperatures of 200 degrees C, and is capable of boiling 5 liters of water in under 20
minutes. Tests have shown that the Prometheus is also capable of medical sterilization
with a special pressure cooker. Contact: Dominic Michaelis, Solar Energy Limited, 11
Highlever Rd,London, W10 6PP, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)7968 988 327, E-mail:
Dominic.Michaelis@wanadoo.fr.

I tested the cooker I and found it is very efficient. The advantage of this
cooker compared to parabolic one is that the geodesic focuses towards the sun
without constant changing it. On the other hand the small dimon shape whole
will help from the shade to know whether the solar cooker is facing the sun or
not.
In India there were efforts to promote Box Type Solar Cookers giving subsidy also. But
till today only 0.6 million Box Type Solar Cookers sold(But not all used). The
reasons for non-acceptance is: It necessitates one to put the solar cooker in open
for longer times. Assuming Office going women adopt this,there is no time as
they go to office from 9am to 5 pm(except holidays). There is no provision for
frying but only boiling like rice,dal etc. In South India no meal is served
without fried curries. You cant have two systems one for boiling and another
for frying. If a reliable Solar cooker which is cost effective is available and
which includes operations like boiling and frying that will be instant success
in developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
5 EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 18 comments

Sun-powered desalination for villages in India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Interesting technology.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Indian government still flip flopping on GM trials

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Good article.
Genetically Modified (GM) plants have created rigorous debates not only in India, but
worldwide. GM Crops are a new living organism and the universe has not been
acquainted with this for millions of years. The potential adverse and unintended effects
of GM plants to the agro system and the safety of foods are the main causes of concern.
The global icons in the field of genetic engineering like Prof Michel Antoniou, Prof
Seralini and Prof Pushpa M Bhargava have stated that we cannot determine the
outcome of the conjugation of different genes. There is a possibility of
unintended effects which could be harmful to:
1) The organism that the researcher intends to modify;
2) The health of animals or humans who may use the organism;
3) The environment; and
4) Biodiversity.
GM is a living technology and has the ability to be irreversible and uncontrollable, unlike
the hybrid and chemical interventions in agriculture.
At the outset, any research or new interventions should satisfy the real necessity while
the lacuna should be established. As far as GMOs are concerned, there is no actual
need for this in our country. Here in India, the problem lies with the distribution of food
and not with its production. The reasons positioned by pro- GMO technocrats such as
higher yield in harvest, pest & herb resistance have never been satisfactorily proved by
the scientific community around the world.
The whole world is moving towards an eco-friendly lifestyle in many areas. India is one
among the few countries having large biodiversity zones with a huge potential to go
organic.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 27 comments

13 Charts On Solar Panel Cost & Growth Trends

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

No doubt Solar power generation cost has come down ,how about solar cell Efficiency?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 14 comments

Indian State Of Andhra Pradesh Plans To Add 5,000 MW


Solar Power Capacity by 2019

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

NELLORE DISTRICT IDEAL TO HARNESS SOLAR ENERGY IN ANDHRA


PRADESH,INDIA
Nellore can be a potential district to harness solar energy in view of
abundant sunshine and vast wasteland area in Andhra Pradesh.
Solar irradiation data for Andhra Pradesh cities
month wise:
Andhra Pradesh is one of the few states blessed
with more number of sunny days. The estimated potential is 5-7 KWH/Sq.m. per
day which remains un-tapped for various applications like
heating,lighting,power generation etc.
Anantapur 5.22 6.05 6.5 6.44 6.07 5.02 4.57 4.62
4.93 4.6 4.56 4.71 5.27
Guntur 4.66 5.49 6.2 6.42 5.92 4.78 4.07 4.19 4.47
4.3 4.49 4.44 4.95
Nellore 4.78 5.71 6.5 6.61 6.11 5.11 4.74 4.81 4.97
4.3 4.07 4.19 5.15

Government of India
Ministry of Rural Development
Department of Land Resources
New Delhi, India
DISTRICT AND CATEGORY-WISE WASTELANDS OF INDIA
(Year 2000)
(Area in Sq.Kms.)
Total Wasteland Total Geographical Area
Percentage of total Geographical Area.
District Total Wasteland Total Geographical Area %
of Total Geographical Area
Ananthapur 3233.45 19130.00 16.9
Guntur 1676.36 11391 14.72
Kurnool 3879.14 17658 21.97
Nellore 4918.18 13076.0 37.61
There are plans to go in for solar projects in Ananthapur,Guntur,Cuddapah and
Kurnool Districts . How about Nellore? Solar Irradiation in Nellore is much
more than Guntur,Cuddapah and Kurnool. More over the wasteland available in Nellore
District is far more than in Ananthapur. Also huge solar PV power plants need
water to keep the solar panels clean. Nellore District is far better in ground
water in many places compared to Ananthapur.
Also AP Government is contemplating going in for canal top solar power
on the Narmada Canal top in Gujarat. Here are some pertinent points on Canal
Top Solar Project. Is the high cost of canal top solar justified when there is
abundant land available? Also it is claimed that Evaporation of water to the
tune of lakhs of litres ic avoided. How Evaopration is measured? Is it from
stationary water or flowing water? Even in the area where the solar panels are
installed,there is gap between panels through which evaporation of water takes
place.

Gujarat already leads in Wind energy being 3rd in the


country:
State
Capacity as on 31.03.2014(MW)
Tamil Nadu
7253
Maharashtra
4098
Gujarat
3414
Rajasthan
2820
Karnataka
2409
Andhra Pradesh
753
Madhya Pradesh
439.00
Kerala
55
Others
4.30
Total
21264
Having long coast Andhra Pradesh can go in for offshore wind farms by
undertaking wind analysis along some areas to identify the windy areas. Wind
energy in AP(753 MW) is nowhere compared to the neighboring Tamil Nadu State(7253
MW).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 4 comments

India To Install 2,200 Solar-Powered Mobile Communication


Towers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Since it is Communications,I hope the best quality solar equipment will be employed.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 21 comments

India Can Add 145 GW Solar Power Capacity By 2024:


Report

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Often predictions go wrong especially in Energy Generation in India. Even the Target for
the First Phase of National Solar Mission was not met. Let us be realistic in our forecast.
Mere playing into the gallery helps none.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 2 comments

United Kingdom Leading Offshore Wind Power Market

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

It is sad that though India ranks 5th in the world in onshore wind,it is yet to start Offshore
Wind farms?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 5 comments

76% Of Coloradans Support Rooftop Solar, Poll Finds

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Let India Emulate.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 2 comments

Indian States Move Forward With Solar Net Metering &


Solar Leasing

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Welcome move. Instead of wasting money on large solar PV projects which takes
time,the best option is roof top solar PV systems. When less solar insolation countries in
Europe and US have gone in for roof top solar why not India with abundant sunshine in
many states?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Innovation to quench the thirst of Burmese crops

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Excellent. It is Innovation that drives development. Ingenuity,Innovation and Invention


are needed in Developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Focus on Disability: Barriers to creative innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Excellent post on Barriers to creative Innovation with reference to Diasability.


Dr.A,Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Refugee tech innovators in Uganda

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Very interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Call to bring refugee innovation into humanitarian work

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on NitiCentral 3 comments

New Institution to replace Planning Commission A


Proposal

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Excellent.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has announced the governments intention to do
away with the Planning Commission, on Tuesday invited ideas from the people on the
new institution to replace the institution.
The government also announced creation of a special
open forum on the website mygov.nic.in for suggestions on the new institution.
We envision the proposed Institution as one that caters to the aspirations of 21st
century India and strengthens participation of the States.... Let the ideas flow, the Prime
Minister said in a statement.
We welcome it Prime Minister Narendra Modiji. We want Government of the people,by
the people and for the people but not Government off the people,bye the people and far
from the people.
Problems People Solutions
Research, Development and Demonstration projects in developing countries have
generated a variety of devices and systems for exploitation for example, solar cookers,
wind battery charges etc. In Innovation theory, this is a classic case of technology push,
that is, technical solutions looking for a social application. Technology push innovations
might of course be adopted if they happen to satisfy a real demand, or are heavily
promoted. Success is much more likely, however if the needs, priorities and demands
are studied before attempting to introduce a new
technology or system. This is the demand pull approach to innovation. Often
identifying the right problem is difficult rather than finding a possible
solution. People are better judges to identify the problems and since they

benefit most by the solutions, they can contribute for finding the best
solutions.
A novel and innovative scheme is suggested to achieve the above goal. In developing
countries the Government can advertise in the media seeking problems from the people
in different disciplines like education, health, energy, industry etc. The problems
received can be screened, studied and short-listed by a committee comprising
government officials, experts, representatives from N.G.O's etc. The short-listed
problems can be re-advertised seeking solutions from people. The solutions received
can be studied in detail and the best solutions given awards. To catch a fish the bait
should be attractive enough. As such there should be sizeable incentive so that people
can devote their talent and energies for finding solutions. As the saying goes Anything
can be done for a Dollar'. In this way the creative
potential of the people can be tapped to the full and a thought process will be
set in motion in the country. In India a general knowledge programme conducted
by a Super Star on TV is a roaring success and children, youth and old-all
alike have become addicted to get equipped with general knowledge so that they
can try their luck for winning fabulous cash prizes.
The Author has developed Novel solutions and sustainable technologies for the benefits
of bottoms billions like Everybody's Solar Water Heater, Simple Solar Drier, Safe
Drinking Water from Solar Disinfection,Energy Conservation in Irrigation pumpsets,Hand
operated Battery charger, Multiple Uses of Gas Stove,Pedal operated Washing machine
etc., Conclusions Innovation, Invention and creativity are the pillars of progress of any
Society / Nation. The greater the participation of people in the developmental activities,
the quicker will be the progress. A new approach
"Innovative Technology (IT)" deliberately involving people from all
walks of life is the need of the hour in identifying the felt needs in the
developing countries and finding solutions. Such a technology will contribute
to Integrated Development (ID). Some of the problems that need to be solved:
Designing an effective, economic toilet for rural areas
Designing a reliable blackboard and chalk
Designing water purification system based on traditional practices
Designing a cost effective multiple use solar cooker
Use of natural fertilisers/pesticides for clean environment

Hand operated washing machine Pedal operated battery charger


Integrated solar water heaters without overhead tank
Designing an efficient Biogas stove
A cost effective Hydroponic method since vegetable costs are soaring
Research conducted by several development agencies (World Bank, CIDA, USAID,
IRDP) suggests that there are many benefits to be gained through the use of PD. These
studies suggest that while PD(Participatory Development) projects may have high start
up costs, they will be less expensive and more sustainable in the long run. These
studies also found that PD projects are better at addressing local needs and are
generally more relevant to local populations than traditional development projects.
Community participation is also thought to increase the efficiency of
development projects.
In the new Institution to be set up to replace Planning Commission,there has to be a
separate division to encourage innovations among people and institutions.
Innovation,invention and creativity are the pillars of progress. A fine example is Republic
of Korea. The earlier Government announced creation of Innovation Fund. This fund
can be continued and should be monitored by the proposed Think Tank Institution.There
has to be representation in the new Institution from Grass root level(NGO).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore, Andhra Pradesh
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 74 comments

The mystery of huge solar plants and tiny dead birds

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Once it was bird deaths with wind turbines and now solar radiation. Perhaps soon it will
be biomass?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

The foggy future of fresh water in Chile

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Great. Congratulations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Deccan Herald 1 comments

Govt puts up 'idea boxes' seeking out-of-box suggestions

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Govt
puts up 'idea boxes' seeking out-of-box suggestions this is the most
progressive step taken by the present Union Government.
AlsoPrime Minister
Narendra Modi, who has announced the governments intention to do away with the
Planning Commission, on Tuesday invited ideas from the people on the new
institution to replace the institution.
The government also announced creation of a
special open forum on the website mygov.nic.in for suggestions on the new
institution.
We envision the proposed Institution as one
that caters to the aspirations of 21st century India and strengthens participation
of the States.... Let the ideas flow, the Prime Minister said in a statement.
We welcome it Prime Minister Narendra Modiji. We
want Government of the people,by the people and for the people but not
Government off the people,bye the people and far from the people.
Problems People Solutions

Research, Development and Demonstration projects


in developing countries have generated a variety of devices and systems for
exploitation for example, solar cookers, wind battery charges etc. In
Innovation theory, this is a classic case of technology push, that is,
technical solutions looking for a social application. Technology push
innovations might of course be adopted if they happen to satisfy a real demand,
or are heavily promoted. Success is much more likely, however if the needs,
priorities and demands are studied before attempting to introduce a new
technology or system. This is the demand pull approach to innovation. Often
identifying the right problem is difficult rather than finding a possible
solution. People are better judges to identify the problems and since they
benefit most by the solutions, they can contribute for finding the best
solutions.
A novel and innovative scheme is suggested to
achieve the above goal. In developing countries the Government can advertise in
the media seeking problems from the people in different disciplines like
education, health, energy, industry etc. The problems received can be screened,
studied and short-listed by a committee comprising government officials,
experts, representatives from N.G.O's etc. The short-listed problems can be
re-advertised seeking solutions from people. The solutions received can be
studied in detail and the best solutions given awards. To catch a fish the bait
should be attractive enough. As such there should be sizeable incentive so that
people can devote their talent and energies for finding solutions. As the
saying goes Anything can be done for a Dollar'. In this way the creative
potential of the people can be tapped to the full and a thought process will be
set in motion in the country. In India a general knowledge programme conducted
by a Super Star on TV is a roaring success and children, youth and old-all
alike have become addicted to get equipped with general knowledge so that they
can try their luck for winning fabulous cash prizes.
The Author has developed Novel solutions and
sustainable technologies for the benefits of bottoms billions like Everybody's
Solar Water Heater, Simple Solar Drier, Safe Drinking Water from Solar
Disinfection,Energy Conservation in Irrigation pumpsets,Hand operated Battery
charger, Multiple Uses of Gas Stove,Pedal operated Washing machine etc.,

Conclusions Innovation, Invention and creativity are the pillars of progress of


any Society / Nation. The greater the participation of people in the
developmental activities, the quicker will be the progress. A new approach
"Innovative Technology (IT)" deliberately involving people from all
walks of life is the need of the hour in identifying the felt needs in the
developing countries and finding solutions. Such a technology will contribute
to Integrated Development (ID). Some of the problems that need to be solved:
Designing an effective, economic toilet for
rural areas
Designing a reliable blackboard and chalk
Designing water purification system based on
traditional practices
Designing a cost effective multiple use solar
cooker
Use of natural fertilisers/pesticides for clean
environment
Hand operated washing machine Pedal operated
battery charger
Integrated solar water heaters without overhead
tank
Designing an efficient Biogas stove
A cost effective Hydroponic method since
vegetable costs are soaring
Research conducted by several development
agencies (World Bank, CIDA, USAID, IRDP) suggests that there are many benefits
to be gained through the use of PD. These studies suggest that while
PD(Participatory Development) projects may have high start up costs, they will
be less expensive and more sustainable in the long run. These studies also found
that PD projects are better at addressing local needs and are generally more
relevant to local populations than traditional development projects. Community
participation is also thought to increase the efficiency of development
projects.

In the new Institution to be set up to replace


Planning Commission,there has to be a separate division to encourage
innovations among people and institutions. Innovation,invention and creativity
are the pillars of progress. A fine example is Republic of Korea. The earlier
Government announced creation of Innovation Fund. This fund can be continued
and should be monitored by the proposed Think Tank Institution.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore, Andhra Pradesh
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Can Solar Power Go Truly Transparent?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Quite advancement.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 48 comments

Solar Energy Isn't Always as Green as You Think

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Here are some pertinent questions? Is there any energy source which is free from
criticism? Coal - Pollution; Nuclear- problem with waste disposal; wind - death of birds;
hydro - displacement of inhabitants; of late solar PV -radiation effect and so on. No
power is costlier than No power - Dr.H.J.Bhabha.
In a power starved world,all means whether conventional or renewable should be
tapped.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
10 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Media Matters 178 comments

Myths And Facts About Solar Energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Excellent. At present the solar cell efficiency is low compared to other forms of energy
like Wind,Mini/microhydel etc. With tremendous research going on in countries like
US,Germany,Japan etc. it is hoped the Solar energy will be competitive in the near
future with other forms of Renewable Energy as well as conventional power.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 6 comments

The power of salt

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Excellent.
In India there is one such place in Mangalore itself, where two rivers
(Nethravathi and Gurpur) meet the mighty Arabian sea.
The Kerala Backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to
the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern
India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both man made and
natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala
state. This labyrinthine system comprises of more than 900 km of waterways. The
backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low
barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the
Western Ghats range.
The backwaters have a unique ecosystem freshwater from the
rivers meets the seawater from the Arabian Sea. Salt water from the sea is

prevented from entering the deep inside, keeping the fresh water intact. Such
fresh water is extensively used for irrigation purposes.
Will MNRE take initiative in implementing such a project in India.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Planetsave 1 comments

Real Live Vertical Farm Built In South Korea, Churning Out


Lettuce

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Excellent. Vertical farming is especially suited for growing vegetables. I want to promote
this in India as in India Vegetable prices are very high.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Camouflage Technology Copies Cuttlefish Trick

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Bio mimicking at its best.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore)AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 24 comments

MIT Researchers Turn Used Car Batteries into Solar Cells

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 8 months ago

Innovative approach.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Wired.com 60 comments

A Visit With Jim Yurchenco, Engineer of the Original Apple


Mouse

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Very inspiring.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Highly influential' scientists still rare in the developing


world

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent. Scientists like Sir C V Raman from India are rarely found in developing
countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Raman Laser Could ID Explosives at a Distance

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Angela Maiers Educational Svcs 16 comments

The 12 Most Innovative, Inspiring and UnMissable TED


Talks

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 11 comments

68th Independence Day: Prime Minister Narendra Modis


full speech

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Great Speech with clear goals. "Manufactured goods should have zero defect as also
zero effect on environment," - Timely call by our Prime Minister". Quality of goods is
assured which are manufactured in India provided we pay for it. Unfortunately we turn to
Chinese Cheap stuff and Want Japanese Quality !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 388 comments

Hopes run high for historic Independence Day address by


Modi at Red Fort

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Right decision to do away with Planning Commission. Of late Planning Commission has
become rehabilitation Centre for those who got defeated at the Polls to be appointed as
Deputy Chairman(cabinet rank). Since each Ministry has its own advisory bodies,there
is hardly any need to have a seperate Planning Commission. Right decision Narendra
Modiji.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on motherboard.vice.com 2 comments

Maximizing Solar Farm Efficiency with Biofuel Crops

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

In fact Agave and Opuntia(Cactus) are versatile plants,care-free growth,regenerative


and CAM plants which act as Carbon Sink. Biofuel and Biogas can be generated from
these plants. Mexico is pioneer in this. In India there is an Ambitious Solar Plan. This
can be adopted. Also in the millions of hectares of waste lands in India these crops can
be grown on a massive scale for Biofuel and Biogas power generation.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Four policy steps to drive technological change

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Nepal still struggling to harness science for development

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Interesting story.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Mixing science and traditional knowledge in forestry

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Interesting. MODERNISE THE TRADITIONAL - TRADITIONALISE THE MODERN.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 3 comments

Solar Panels & Solar Plants A Solution To Several


Problems

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Agave and Opuntia are care free growth plants,regenerative and CAM. They are
excellent input for Biofuel/biogas for power.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Communities Digital News 12 comments

Solar and wind electric: A matter of land area?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Good comparison on land requirement for various energy options. But for Nuclear power
plant large area has to be kept vacant from the plant site for safety.
In the Wind farm the area can be utilised for short height agricultural plants.
Efficiency wise and from maintenance point of view Wind has more advantage. With
rapid advancement in Offshore wind technology,it is going to be dominant in the near
future.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 1 comments

Innovation has improved living standards in India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Innovate or perish is the Mantra in Industry today. Creativity,Innovation and Invention are
the Pillars of progress and Development. Innovation spirit should be nurtured from
School level. The previous Government announced Rs 5000 Crore Innovation Fund.

Innovation Centres can be established in Engineering Colleges under this fund. Also
best Innovations from public to solve problems can be awarded under this innovation
fund.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 14 comments

Fifty buck fridge keeps your food cool without electricity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Evaporation produces cooling. This works only in less humid areas. Anyhow
congratulations to the Innovator Mansukh Prajapati .
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on India com 1 comments

Narendra Modis government is far more visible than


previous governments: Chinese daily

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Having proved his administrative and Governing abilities as Chief Minister of


Gujarat,Now Narendra Modiji will bring alround development of the country as Prime
Minister.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Green Mountain Power Goes Green, Saves Green

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 4 comments

Refrigerator magnets

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Great article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 2 comments

Inside the huge solar farm that powers Apples iCloud

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Very interesting. Yes,IT Giants can go for Renewables on a massive scale to be trend
setters.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 8 comments

5 ways to improve global food security

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Greentech Media 13 comments

Solar and Silicons Shifting Relationship, in Charts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago Removed

Great story. Congratulations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on Greentech Media 5 comments

Happy 60th Anniversary to the Modern Solar Cell

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago Removed

Inspiring story.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on Greentech Media 5 comments

Solar Markets Latest Hiccup: Indias Antidumping Move

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago Removed

Indias Anti - Dumping move is justified to promote domestic products provided the
quality is ensured.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on Greentech Media 6 comments

The Next Wave of Solar Technologies: Silicon Evolution,


Not Revolution

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago Removed

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on Greentech Media 10 comments

Googles $1M Challenge: A Laptop-Sized Solar Inverter

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago Removed

Excellent. I applaud Google for the excellent initiative.


In fact I have had been advocating in tapping the talent among people to solve complex
problems through innovation. The Previous Government announced Innovation Fund of
Rs 5000 Crores. Under this prizes can be announced to best solutions for the problems
identified by the Government.
Problems People
Solutions
Research, Development and Demonstration projects in developing
countries have generated a variety of devices and systems for exploitation
for example, solar cookers, wind battery charges etc. In Innovation theory,
this is a classic case of technology push, that is, technical solutions looking
for a social application. Technology push innovations might of course be adopted
if they happen to satisfy a real demand, or are heavily promoted. Success is

much more likely, however if the needs, priorities and demands are studied
before attempting to introduce a new technology or system. This is the demand
pull approach to innovation. Often identifying the right problem is difficult
rather than finding a possible solution. People are better judges to identify
the problems and since they benefit most by the solutions, they can contribute
for finding the best solutions. A novel and innovative scheme is suggested to
achieve the above goal. In developing countries the Government can advertise in
the media seeking problems from the people in different disciplines like
education, health, energy, industry etc. The problems received can be screened,
studied and short-listed by a committee comprising government officials,
experts, representatives from N.G.O's etc. The short-listed problems can be
re-advertised seeking solutions from people. The solutions received can be
studied in detail and the best solutions given awards. To catch a fish the bait
should be attractive enough. As such there should be sizeable incentive so that
people can devote their talent and energies for finding solutions. As the
saying goes Anything can be done for a Dollar'. In this way the creative
potential of the people can be tapped to the full and a thought process will be
set in motion in the country.
In India a general knowledge programme conducted
by a Super Star on TV is a roaring success and children, youth and old-all
alike have become addicted to get equipped with general knowledge so that they
can try their luck for winning fabulous cash prizes. The Author has developed
Novel solutions and sustainable technologies for the benefits of bottoms
billions like Everybody's Solar Water Heater, Simple Solar Drier, Safe Drinking
Water from Solar Disinfection,Energy Conservation in Irrigation pumpsets,Hand
operated Battery charger, Multiple Uses of Gas Stove,Pedal operated Washing
machine etc.,
Innovation, Invention and creativity are the pillars
of progress of any Society / Nation. The greater the participation of people in
the developmental activities, the quicker will be the progress. A new approach
"Innovative Technology (IT)" deliberately involving people from all
walks of life is the need of the hour in identifying the felt needs in the
developing countries and finding solutions. Such a technology will contribute
to Integrated Development (ID).

Some of the problems that need to be solved:


Designing an effective, economic toilet for rural areas
Designing a reliable
blackboard and chalk
Designing water purification system based on traditional
practices
Designing a cost effective multiple use solar cooker
Use of natural
fertilisers/pesticides for clean environment
Hand operated washing machine
Pedal operated battery charger
Integrated solar water heaters without overhead
tank
Designing an efficient Biogas stove
A cost effective Hydroponic method
since vegetable costs are soaring
Research conducted by several development
agencies (World Bank, CIDA, USAID, IRDP) suggests that there are many benefits
to be gained through the use of PD. These studies suggest that while
PD(Participatory Development) projects may have high start up costs, they will
be less expensive and more sustainable in the long run. These studies also
found that PD projects are better at addressing local needs and are generally
more relevant to local populations than traditional development projects.
Community participation is also thought to increase the efficiency of
development projects.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore, Andhra Pradesh
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
Discussion on CleanTechnica 6 comments

Australias First Zero Net Energy Town Could Be In NSW

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe,Zero Energy House in Colorado(RMI) and now


Australias First Zero Net Energy Town Could Be In NSW Glad to know.
The natural cooling architecture like this needs to be adopted in tropical countries to
reduce power consumption in cooling.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 5 comments

India Lays Foundation For National Wind Energy Mission

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
Here is an action plan to promote Wind Energy in India on a
massive scale.
Hitherto Depreciation benefits were given to large industries. A RENEWABLE ENERGY
FUND can be created and people( Individual Tax Payers) can be exempted if they invest
in this fund under Section 80C. This way there will be wide
participation of People in Renewable Energy Projects. Another area that needs
immediate attention is Offshore Wind Farms. I had been suggesting Offshore Wind
Farms since India has long coast line. Winds in the sea are about 30% more than
on land and since Power is cube of velocity,offshore wind farms give higher
yields.Atleast a Pilot Project can be started by MNRE so that Private Industry
follows.
Unemployed Youth can be trained in Agricultural operations and each can be
assigned WAste lands of 10 acres each and 10 such people can form a
co-operative. They can grow fast growing,multiple use plants like Agave,Opuntia
in these waste lands. Bioiofuel /Biogas power plants can be set up at local
level as decentralised power.

Apart from Solar Co-operatives,Windfarm Co-operatives are the need of the hour
in India.
Energy Cooperatives
The expansion of renewable energies leads to fundamental changes concerning our
energy supply. Wind turbines in the landscape, photovoltaic systems on roofs or farms
with biogas plants are visible indications for the development in that
sector. Heat pumps, wood pellet and woodchip heating plants provide heat and
relieve whole villages from fossil fuels.
Renewable energies do not only protect the climate, but also improve the
security of supply, create new jobs and increase the regional income. The
decentralized nature of renewable energy gives every citizen the opportunity to
make an active contribution to the transformation of energy supply, either by
building their own facilities or by participating in community projects.
In the last three decades, people came together in numerous citizens groups,
local councils and regional businesses to establish common renewable energy
projects in their region.
Energy cooperatives as organisational form are growing a lot in popularity
because they offer a variety of possibilities for action and design. Currently,
more than 80,000 citizens in Germany hold shares in new energy cooperatives.
They can already participate with small amounts. In the last years, more than
500 newly-founded energy cooperatives invested a total of 800 million euros in
renewable energy. This is confirmed by a recent study of the DGRV(
SourceDGRV).
The move away from conventional sources of energy in Germany is driven
primarily by citizens. An increasing number of people work together by forming
cooperatives to build wind farms and solar plants.
Cooperatives have experienced a revival in Germany. In 2006, eight new energy
cooperatives were founded. In 2011 alone, this number was 167. And the German
Cooperative and Raiffeisen Confederation expects the figure to be even higher
for 2012.
This kind of growth is vital if Germany wants to phase out its nuclear energy
dependency by 2022. By promoting energy policy at the local level, communities

all over Germany are profiting from renewable energy sources and the power of
cooperatives.
A typical example of this growth is seen in the Horb Ecumenical Energy
Cooperative in Stuttgart, which has implemented several solar power plants.
Bernard Bok was a driving force in this task: before his retirement he was on
the board of the local cooperative Volksbank, so he was interested in helping
the cooperative.
For him there was no question, the development of renewable energy needed the
strong legs of a cooperative to stand on. We are in a country of
cooperatives, said Bok.
Nowhere in Germany are cooperatives represented more strongly than in southern
German. Small-scale farming was expected to expand so local farmers organized
themselves into agricultural cooperatives.
Citizen participation instead of anonymous investors
In the mid 19th century, cooperative were born out of necessity. But today,
people come together for different reasons: the desire for self-government and
citizen participation is growing stronger. People are looking for an
alternative to unknown investors and prefer to follow their own agenda istead
of being dependent on others.
Thus, in times of global economic turmoil, local communities and civil
societies are a deliberate counterpoint to the international financial markets.
Often traditional cooperative banks, such as the Volks- and Raiffeisenbank,
participate in the funding and financing of local cooperatives.
Large projects are possible
The range of energy cooperatives is large, and it is not limited to just solar
or wind power. For example, a cooperative in the community of St. Peter in the
Black Forest last year built a plant for local thermal power.
A modern wood heating plant provides heat for the town of 150 houses, which
have made oil heaters obsolete. About 8,500 meters of piping were laid in the
village for the cooperative.
To complete the project, different stakeholders came together from over the
region each bringing their own specific professional knowledge. Markus Bohnert,

a board member of the citizens cooperative, has worked as a forester. Other


supporters had backgrounds in heating construction, building design or
marketing.
The idea for this cooperative started in 2007. A subsequent survey of all
citizens of St. Peter showed that people were very receptive. Above all, the
major local consumers wanted to be a part of the project including municipal
buildings, church facilities, as well as many hotels and restaurants it the
town center. As a result, "People's Energy of St. Peter" was
founded.
The number of people required to found a cooperative has dropped from seven to
three people. Similarly, the required number of board members was reduced for
small cooperatives.
With these changes, cooperatives have been gaining speed: According to the
umbrella organization for cooperatives in Baden-Wrttemberg, southern Germany,
one in three citizens are a member of a cooperative( Source: Energy
Cooperatives are booming in Germany,DW).
I have been advocating starting Wind Farm co-operatives in India on the lines
of those in Germany,Denmark etc. for over a decade. Windfarm Co-operatives are
already there in some countries.
Australia
The Hepburn Wind Project is a wind farm at Leonards Hill near Daylesford,
Victoria, north-west of Melbourne, Victoria. It comprises two 2MW wind turbines
which produce enough power for 2,300 households.
This is the first Australian community-owned wind farm. The initiative has
emerged because the community felt that the state and federal governments were
not doing enough to address climate change.
Canada
Community wind power is in its infancy in Canada but there are reasons for
optimism. One such reason is the launch of a new Feed-in Tariff (FIT) program
in the Province of Ontario . A number of community wind projects are in
development in Ontario but the first project that is likely to obtain a FIT
contract and connect to the grid is the Pukwis Community Wind Park. Pukwis will

be unique in that it is a joint Aboriginal/Community wind project that will be


majority-owned by the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation, with a local
renewable energy co-operative (the Pukwis Energy Co-operative) owning the
remainder of the project.
Denmark
In Denmark, families were offered a tax exemption for generating their own
electricity within their own or an adjoining commune. By 2001 over 100,000
families belonged to wind turbine cooperatives, which had installed 86% of all
the wind turbines in Denmark, a world leader in wind power. Wind power has
gained very high social acceptance in Denmark, with the development of
community wind farms playing a major role.
In 1997, Sams won a government competition to become a model renewable energy
community. An offshore wind farm comprising 10 turbines (making a total of 21
altogether including land-based windmills), was completed, funded by the islanders.
Now 100% of its electricity comes from wind power and 75% of its heat comes
from solar power and biomass energy. An Energy Academy has opened in Ballen,
with a visitor education center.
The Netherlands
Sixty-three farmers in De Zuidlob, the southern part of the municipality of
Zeewolde, have entered into a cooperative agreement that aims to develop a wind
farm of at least 108MW. The project will include the installation of three
phases of 12 wind turbines with capacities of 3 to 4.5 MW each. Theaim is to
put the wind farm into service in 2012.The Netherlands has anactive community
of wind cooperatives. They build and operate wind parks in all regions of the
Netherlands. This started in the 1980s with the first Lagerweij turbines. Back
then, these turbines could be financed by the members of the cooperatives.
Today, the cooperatives build larger wind parks, but not as large as commercial
parties do. Some still operate self-sufficiently, others partner with larger
commercial wind park developers.
United Kingdom
As of 2012, there are 43 communities who are in the process of or already
producing renewable energy through co-operative structures in the UK. They are
setup and run by everyday people, mostly local residents,who are investing

their time and money and together installing large wind turbines, solar panels,
or hydro-electric power for their local communities.
United States
Most of the wind farms in the United States are commercially owned. As of 2011,
Iowa has just on ecommunity owned wind farm, that is Hardin
HilltopnearJefferson, Iowa.National Windis a large-scale community wind project
developer, with thirteen families of projects in development or operation.
These projects have an aggregate capacity of over 4,000 MW. The vision of the
company
is to revitalize rural economies by promoting investment in domestic renewable
energy resources. National Wind creates shared ownership with communities and
allows them participation in decisions which are made.
Hitherto Depreciation benefits were given to large industries. A WIND FUND can
be created and people( Individual Tax Payers) can be exempted if they invest in
this Wind fund under Section 80C. This way there will be wide participation of
People in Wind Farms.
Another area that is advancing in Europe and Germany is Offshore Wind Farms:
The use of the offshore wind energy in German waters predominantly takes place
outside the 12 sea mile zone in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). With this,
the majority of the planned projects and those still in operation is located in
the high seas of the German North and Baltic Sea. At the end of August 2013,
520 MW of offshore wind capacity was being connected to the grid in Germany. By
2030, a capacity of 25,000 MW is to be connected to the grid according to the
plans of the Federal Government.
Currently, offshore wind farms (OWP) with a total capacity of about 1,600 MW
are being constructed; wind farms with a capacity of 9,000 to around 10,500 MW
received an authorization. Moreover, further 94 projects with about 6,600 Off
WEA and a total capacity of up to about 30,000 MW are in the process of
authorization so that all in all, about 40,000 MW are in the planning stage (as
at September 2012). The maps of the German North and Baltic Sea provide an
overview of both the location and the status of the projects(Source:OFFSHORE WINDENERGIE.NET).

Another area that needs immediate attention is Offshore


Wind Farms. I had been suggesting Offshore Wind Farms since India has long
coast line. Winds in the sea are about 30% more than on land and since Power is
cube of velocity, offshore wind farms give higher yields. Atleast a Pilot Project
can be started by MNRE so that Private Industry follows.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Breitbart News Network 194 comments

Wind Farms are OK Because... Barnacles

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 65 comments

Amory Lovins high-tech home skimps on energy but not


on comfort

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Dr.Amory Lovins concept of Soft Energy path brought in a paradigm shift from
conventional to clean energy. Zero Energy House at Rocky Mountain Institute is a
classic example.Zero-Energy House, built in Copenhagen in the 1970s by Vagn
Korsgaard (1921 2012) and Torben Esbensen.

"Korsgaards and Esbensens work demonstrated back in the 1970s that energy-efficient
technology really does work. The construction of this building was thus an important
basis for later developments in Europe and around the world," explains Dr. Wolfgang
Feist, who, as Founder and Director of the Passive House Institute, will present the
Pioneer Award on 20 April. "The Danish zero-energy experiment was one of thevery first
of its kind and was certainly one of the most systematic. The published project findings
were incorporated into Passive House research right from the start."
Modernise the Traditional - Traditionalise the Modern.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 11 comments

The Answer to Every Business Question Is It Depends

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 7 comments

Sharing Data Is a Form of Corporate Philanthropy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Data Philanthropy - Not heard in Indian Business circles!


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 9 comments

How Internal Entrepreneurs Can Deal with Friendly Fire

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Great post.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Producing drinking water on the cheap in Myanmar

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Good post.
There were age old methods of using
copper,brass and silver to purify water which need to be studied Thoroughly for
standardisation.
Use of Copper and Brass - Way to Good health
Our ancestors used to have good health throughout their life; one of the various reasons
was daily use of Copper and Brass utensils. It has been proved that Copper and Brass
(Brass 60% +Copper 40% =Zinc) carries lots of medicinal properties, which are
tremendously beneficial for human health. According to this the medicinal properties of
Copper and zinc, gets leached into water stored in them and this stored water we call
'Tamra-Jal'. Human body gets benefits of these medicinal properties by drinking 'TamraJal' or cooking food in 'Tamra-Jal'.
Today, to ensure good health how much effort one takes? As a precaution we
drink only pure water either boiled or purified with expensive electric
purifiers. Instead of all this, one should drink only Tamra-Jal, which is
pure and medicated too!
Loss of wound healing capacity.
Benefits of Copper:

Helps healthy growth,


Regulates blood flow, useful in heart problems,
Helps to loose extra fat,
Gives luster to skin.
Useful in preventing Anaemia, Amoebiasis, Cough, Acidity, Piles etc.
The influence of copper upon human health is due to the fact that it is part of
enzymes, which are proteins that help biochemical reactions occur in every
cell. Copper is involved in the absorption, storage and metabolism of iron.
Benefits of Zinc :
40% Zinc from the Brass helps human body as:
Improves resistance power to diseases,
Improves skin tone and cures skin problems,
Nourishes healthy hair.
Mystery of copper & brass Ayurvedic secrecy to health
Scientists had thoroughly studied many of the ayurvedic granthas, to know more about
the medicinal benefits of copper and brass. In the 5 th chapter and 46 th verse, of
famous grantha Rasratnasamucchaya, we find significant information on medicinal
properties and its benefits to humans. When water is stored in the copper / brass
vessels, copper and brass (brass = 70% copper + 30% zinc) gets leached in the water.
Drinking this water benefits human body with their medicinal properties.
After knowing the importance of copper and zinc, now a days, people have
started using the copper and brass utensils for storing drinking water, in big
restaurants it is used for serving. You can find decorative copper jugs in many
houses too. Along with copper, zinc is also required for many biological
activities, which we get from brass vessels.
Silver - Reliable Alternatives to Chlorine
Silver Water Purification Systems Offer Reliable Alternative to Chlorine
Report by: The Silver Institute - Silver News Laguna Niguel, CA (March 25, 1997) Silver based water purification systems offer the most reliable and cost

effective alternative to chlorine, a chemical that is increasingly coming under


fire for the carcinogenic by products it leaves in water, according to David
Eaton, secretary of The Institute of Water Ionization Technologies in the
United Kingdom and technical director of Roseland Hydronics PLC.
Speaking at the annual meeting of The Gold & Silver Institutes in Laguna, Niguel, CA.
this week Eaton said progressively restrictive legislation is confronting the use of
chemicals, especially chlorine, which for nearly a century. has been the primary medium
for water disinfection.
With increasing pollution, utilities are forced to put far more chlorine into the supply
chain, Eaton explained. The chemical reaction that oxidizes impurities when chlorine is
added, also forms carcinogenic byproducts. "Of course these same byproducts have
been generated by chlorination for a long time but never in the quantities that are now
being seen," he said.
Silver offers a healthy alternative.
The metal has long been known for its biocidal properties, Eaton noted. The
Ancient Phoenicians. who stored wine in silver urns to preserve it, provide one
of the earliest recorded examples of the metals use for water purification.
Applying modern technology to this old fashioned principle, The Institute of Water
Ionization Technologies has developed silver ion generators for municipal water
supplies. The market for silver ionized swimming pool systems has expanded
significantly in the US and overseas, Eaton said. But in Britain, silver ionization is being
developed for mainstream water systems. Machines used to clean primary water must
be much larger and more powerful than small swimming pool units, and require
accurate control mechanisms to ensure that levels of silver are maintained and kept
within drinking water standards.
Eaton discussed a recent project funded by the UK Department of the Environment to
study the control of Legionnaires disease by using silver ions. The disease is named
after Legionella pneumophilia, an organism that is widespread in small quantities within
natural water sources. The bacteria becomes lethal at a water temperature of 95
degrees F and can be killed at temperatures between 135 and 140 degrees F.
Of three tests, silver/copper ions in soft water produced the best results. The copper ion
disrupted the enzyme structures of the cell allowing the silver ion to penetrate inside

where it rapidly killed the cell's life support system. US regulations allow a silver level of
100 ppb in drinking water, but a silver level of only 20 ppb kills Legionella.
Eaton said silver ion generators currently are being used in intensive care and heart
transplant units of hospitals, and for poultry processing, engineering, brewing, cooling
towers and swimming pools.
Research Quotes:
Thanks to eye-opening research, silver is emerging as a wonder of modern medicine.
An antibiotic kills perhaps a half dozen different disease organisms but silver kills some
650. Moreover, silver is virtually non-toxic. Dr. Harry Margraf of St. Louis, a pioneering
silver researcher, says: "Silver is the best all around germ fighter we have."
The value of silver in medicine, and as a purifier has been acknowledged for centuries.
Egyptians implanted silver plates into skulls with surgery. In Ancient Greece and Rome,
people used silver containers to keep liquids fresh. When settlers moved across the
American West, they would purify a container of water by putting a silver dollar in it
overnight. Towards the end of the 19th century, other medicinal uses for silver were
developed including the use of silver and mercury in filling cavities, and the dropping of
a silver filtrate solution into the eyes of newborn babies to prevent blindness due to
infection.
Scores of independent tests have shown that silver promptly kills bacteria in water and
maintains water purity over long periods of time.
Russian scientists working on water recycling and purification problems for the Soviet
space program have decided on silver as the best long term sanitation agent.
Researching the problems of water shortage over periods of several months, as well as
purification for immediate use, they determined that ionized silver provides the safest
and longest lasting method of transforming polluted waste into potable water.After
testing 23 methods of purifying water, NASA has also chosen silver as the purifying
agent on the Space Shuttle program.
Silver was used to provide shuttle crews with pure water for drinking, air conditioning,
food preparation and other operations. By establishing 100 parts of silver per billion
parts of water NASA will totally eliminate the need for chlorine! The most dramatic
purification tests occurred in 1976 in a 20,000 gallon swimming pool in Nebraska. There
was no disinfectant of any kind in the water. Fifty gallons of municipal sewage waste
water was put into the pool. That produced a dangerous concentration of 7,000 E coli

cells per 100 millilitre [half a cup] of water. Contents of the pool were then pumped
through a tank containing alternating anodic and cathodic silver electrodes for
disinfection. Within three hours the pool was entirely free of E. coli and the water
contained only 3.2 parts of silver per billion parts of water.
The Allegheny County Health Department in Pennsylvania conducted tests in a 152,000
gallon pool which previously had been disinfected by a 50 pounds per day chlorinator.
The system was replaced by a silver system for the swimming pool season of 1974 and
1975. The County Health Department took up to 50 daily samples and found that silver
ions remained in the pool at the low steady rate of 20 parts per billion. The water
remained free of bacteria throughout the two seasons. In contrast, 65 water samples
from 30 other pools having a concentration of 700 parts per billion of available chlorine
showed a mean of 1.3 pseudomonas and 7.3 staph cells per millilitre of water.
The impact of silver technology continues to grow. More than half of the American soft
drink bottling companies, numerous shipping lines and a host of other enterprises in 70
countries, use silver to sterilize water. These and many other examples of the expanding
use of silver in water purification have been documented by Dr. Fred Zobist and
presented to the Silver Institute in Washington, D.C.
I designed a low-cost solar disinfection gadget which uses Solar
Thermal and UV. It is cost effective and can be fabricated locally.
Here are details:
Safe Drinking for All through Solar Disinfection
Every 8 seconds, a child dies from water related disease around
the globe. 50% of people in developing countries suffer from one or more
water-related diseases. 80% of diseases in the developing countries are caused by
contaminated water. Providing safe drinking water to the people has been a major
challenge for Governments in developing countries. Conventional technologies used to
disinfect water are: ozonation, chlorination and artificial UV radiation. These
technologies require sophisticated equipment, are capital intensive and require skilled
operators .Boiling water requires about 1 kg of wood/liter of water which results in
deforestation in developing countries. Also halazone or calcium hypochlorite tablets or
solutions (sodium hypochlorite at 1 to 2 drops per liter) are used to disinfect drinking
water. These methods are environmentally unsound or hygienically unsafe when

performed by a layperson. Misuse of sodium hypochlorite solution poses a safety


hazard .
Treatment to control waterborne microbial contaminants by exposure to sunlight in clear
vessels that allows the combined germicidal effects of both UV
radiation and heat has been developed and put into practice .The SODIS
system(Solar Disinfection of water) developed by scientists at the Swiss
Federal Agency for Environmental Science and Technology(EAWAG) recommends
placing PET bottles (usually discarded mineral water/beverage bottles) painted black on
one side, aerating (oxygenating) the water by vigorous shaking three fourths water filled
bottles and then filling them full and placing them in sunlight for 6 hours. In this method,
the water is exposed to UV radiation in sunlight, primarily UV-A and it becomes heated;
both effects contribute to the inactivation of water borne microbes. The use of PET
bottles requires periodic replacement because of scratches and they become deformed
if temperature exceeds 650C. Also dust accumulates on these bottles in the groves
(provided for strength). The PET bottle mineral water manufacturers print on the label,
crush the bottle after use in India. Unless cleaned thoroughly everyday, PET bottles
turn brown over usage rendering lesser transmission of sunlight.
Microorganisms are heat sensitive. Table 1 lists up the required temperature to
eliminate microorganisms within 1,6 or 60 minutes. It can be seen that it is
not required to boil the water in order to kill 99.9% of the microorganisms.
Heating up water to 50 60C (122 140F) for one hour has the same effect.
The most favorable region for solar disinfection lies between latitudes 150 N/S
and 35 0 N/S. These semi-arid regions are characterised by high solar radiation and
limited cloud coverage and rainfall (3000 hours sunshine per year).The second most
favorable region lies between the equator and latitude 15 0 N/S, the scattered radiation
in this region is quite high (2500 hours sunshine per year).
The need for a low-cost, low maintenance and effective disinfection system for
providing safe drinking water is paramount, especially for the developing
countries.
Materials And Methods
The innovative solar disinfection system has a wooden frame of length 2
ft,width 1 foot and depth 6 inches with bottom sinusoidal shaped polished
stainless steel (curvature slightly larger than standard glass wine bottles,

about 5 inches diameter) . On the front is fixed a glass sheet having lifting
arrangement with a knob (this glass enclosure will protect the glass bottles
from cooling down due to outside wind). There are screws which can be used to keep
the contents airtight. On the backside a stand is fixed which will help
the unit to be placed according to the latitude of the place for maximum solar
insolation.
In this method clear glass bottles (used wine bottles) are utilised instead of
PET bottles as the former are easy to clean, lasts longer and are available at
a low cost in India. Solar disinfection is more efficient in water containing
high levels of oxygen; sunlight produces highly reactive forms of oxygen
(oxygen free radicals and hydrogen peroxides) in the water. These reactive
forms of oxygen kill the microorganisms. Aeration of water is achieved by
shaking the 3/4 water filled bottles for about 20 seconds before they are
filled completely.
The unit has an advantage in that the rear reflection stainless steel will pass
the light through the bottles a second time, to both increase exposure and
eliminate shadowing. This reflection system will increase the light intensity
minimum 2 times.
It has been widely experimented and established by earlier researchers that at
temperature of 50C (122F), pathogenic microbes are inactivated. The
temperatures which cause approximately a 1-log decrease in viability with 1 min
are 55C (131F) for protozoan cysts; 60C (140F) for E.coli, enteric bacteria,
and rotavirus; and 65C (149F)for hepatitis A virus .Negar Safapour and Robert
H.Metcalf in their extensive studies reported enhancement of solar water
pasteurization with reflectors and the crucial role of temperature above 50C
(122F) in the elimination of pathogens.
Operation
The unit is placed in the south direction (in India) around 10 am with
inclination equal to the latitude of the place. The glass bottles are filled
with water three fourths and shaken for 20 seconds to generate oxygen and then
completely filled. The water filled bottles are fixed with caps and put in the
groves of the solar disinfection unit. The glass door is closed and clipped
airtight. Water bottles are removed from the unit at 3 pm and taken to a cool

place and the disinfected water transferred to a clean vessel, covered for
later usage.
Suspended particles in the water reduce the penetration of solar radiation into
the water and protect microorganisms from being irradiated. Solar disinfection
requires relatively clear water with a turbidity less than 30 NTU.To remove
turbidity traditional methods of putting the paste from seed of strichnos
potatorum (Nirmal seeds) by rubbing the seed on a rough stone with water is
used. The method is effective, turbidity settles down in half ofv an hour and
the seed are available in plenty in forests in India besides being inexpensive.
Sample Testing
Water samples from the solar disinfection unit were tested with Most Probable
Number (MPN) technique. To estimate the number of aerobic organisms present in
water, Pour Plate Technique has been used.
Discussion
Eradication of coli forms from well water, bore water and waste water has been
reported from test results. The results confirm that there is 4-log 10
reduction of coli forms in the waste water after solar disinfection..Maximum
temperature occurs around 1 pm. Though 6 bottles were used in the system(each of 1
liter capacity),larger units with up to 100 bottles can be designed. The unit destroyed
99.99% of bacterial coli forms both in well water and waste water samples in 5 hours.
The innovative solar disinfection system has the advantages like:
1. The unit is portable,
2. It is cost-effective.
3. It can be fabricated in South India for US $20.
4. The unit incorporates the principle of reflection to increase solar intensity
and has protection from wind which results in temperature rise inside the unit,
5. Larger units can be manufactured, Used glass bottles withstand higher
temperatures and are available in plenty each for 2 US cents in South India,
Since all the materials are available locally, the unit can be manufactured
locally with local people.

6. Temperatures above 30 degrees C occur in south India for more than 10


months(More so in African countries) in a year and as such this innovative solar
disinfection
unit will be a boon in this region.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Wind Farm Fires Far More Common Than Reported, Study


Finds

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Very Exhaustive and thorough study on the subject.


According to the World Wind Energy Associations (WWEA) World Wind Energy
Report 2009 the United States is the world leader in terms of the installed
capacity of wind power, followed by China, Germany, Spain, and India. WWEA
figures show that last year these five countries together accounted for nearly
80 percent of worldwide wind capacity.
The majority of turbine fires are started by a lightning strike,
brought about by their exposed and often high-altitude location and the height
of the structure; turbines are now being built that are up to 320 feet high.
Mechanical failure or electrical malfunction also account for a significant
percentage of fires that can be fuelled by up to 200 gallons of hydraulic fluid
and lubricants in the nacelle, which itself is constructed from
highly-flammable resin and glass fiber. Internal insulation in the nacelle,
which can become contaminated by oil deposits, add to the fuel load.
Electrical equipment is another high-risk area. Capacitors, transformers, generators,
electrical controls, and transmission equipment all have the potential to catch fire, as do

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. There is also the risk of
fire due to loose or broken electrical connections or the overloading of electrical circuits.
Braking systems pose a particularly high fire risk. Overheating can cause hot fragments
of the disc brake material to break off, rupturing hydraulic hoses and resulting in highly
combustible hydraulic fluid being expelled under pressure and coming into contact with
the hot disk brake fragments. Hydraulic pumps and connections have also been known
to fail, allowing the fluid to erupt into flames when it comes into contact with a hot
surface.
As of 31 March 2014 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 21136.3 MW,
mainly spread across Tamil Nadu (7154 MW), Gujarat (3,093 MW), Maharashtra (2976
MW), Karnataka (2113 MW), Rajasthan(2355 MW), Madhya Pradesh (386 MW), Andhra
Pradesh (435 MW), Kerala (35.1 MW), Orissa (2MW), West Bengal (1.1 MW) and other
states (3.20 MW).
In India there were practically nil Wind Farm Fire accidents(one or two stray
cases only).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
9 EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 49 comments

Steam from the sun

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Great research.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 8 comments

Building up bamboo

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
Bamboo has a long and well-established tradition as a building
material throughout the worlds tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is widely
used for many forms of construction, in particular for housing in rural areas.
Bamboo is a renewable and versatile resource, characterized by high strength
and low weight, and is easily worked using simple tools. It is widely
recognized as one of the most important non-timber forest resources due to the
high socio-economic benefits from bamboo based products. It is estimated that
there are 1200 species growing in about 14.5 million hectares area. Most of
them grow in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Bamboo is the worlds fastest growing woody plant. It grows approximately 7.5
to 40cm a day, with world record being 1.2m in 24 hours in Japan. Bamboo
grows three times faster than most other species. Commercially important
species of bamboo usually mature in four or five years time, after which
multiple harvests are possible every second year, for upto 120 years in some
species and indefinitely in others. Bamboo also excels in biomass production,
giving 40 tons or more per hectare annually in managed stands. It accounts for
around one-quarter of biomass produced in tropical regions and one-fifth in
subtropical regions.
It has been used successfully to rehabilitate
soil ravage by brick making in India, and abandoned tin-mine sites in Malaysia.
It shelters top soil from the onslaught of tropical downpours, preserves many
exposed areas, providing micro-climate for forest regeneration and watershed
protection It is often introduced into the banks or streams or in other
vulnerable areas, for rapid control of soil erosion; one bamboo plants closely
matted roots can bind upto six cubic meters of soil.
GENERAL
USES

a) Soil stabilization, wind break, urban waste water treatment


and reduction of nitrates contamination
b) Creating a fire line in traditional forests-due to the high
content of silica.
c) Removing atmospheric carbon- bamboo can capture 17 metric
tons of carbon per hectare per year, i.e., effectively than any other species.
d) The shoots are edible.
e) Building and construction.
f) Small scale and cottage industries, for handicrafts and other
products.
g) New generation products as wood substitutes
h) Industrial products
i) Transportation industry- truck bodies, railway carriages etc.
j) Boards and furniture
k) Medicine
l) Paper and pulp industry
m) Long time source of biomass for industry
n) Fuel source- capable of generating 1000-6000 cal/g- for
households and small industries is an age-old, continuing practice.
PROPERTIES
TENSILE STRENGTH
Bamboo is able to resist more tension than compression. The
fibres of bamboo run axial. In the outer zone are highly elastic vascular
bundle, that have a high tensile strenght. The tensile strenght of these fibres
is higher than that of steel, but its not possible to construct connections
that can transfer this tensile strength. Slimmer tubes are superior
in this aspect too. Inside the silicated outer skin, axial parallel elastical
fibers with a tensile strength upto 400 N/mm2 can be found. As
a comparison, extremely strong wood fibers can resist a tension upto 50 N /mm2.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Compared to the bigger tubes, slimmer ones have got, in relation


to their cross-section, a higher compressive strength value. The slimmer tubes
possess better material properties due to the fact that bigger tubes have got a
minor part of the outer skin, which is very resistant in tension. The portion
of lignin inside the culms affects compressive strength, whereas the high
portion of cellulose influences the buckling and the tensile strength as it
represents the building substance of the bamboo fibers.
ELASTIC MODULUS.
The accumulation of highly strong fibers in the outer parts of
the tube wall also work positive in connection with the elastic modulus like it
does for the tension, shear and bending strength. The higher the elastic
modulus, the higher is the quality of the bamboo. Enormous elasticity makes it
a very useful building material in areas with very high risks of earthquakes.
ANISOTROPIC PROPERTIES.
Bamboo is an anisotropic material. Properties in the
longitudinal direction are completely different from those in the transversal
direction. There are cellulose fibers in the longitudinal direction, which is
strong and stiff and in the transverse direction there is lignin, which is soft
and brittle.
SHRINKAGE.
Bamboo shrinks more than wood when it loses water. The canes can
tear apart at the nodes. Bamboo shrinks in a cross section of 10-16 % and a
wall thickness of 15-17 %. Therefore it is necessary to take necessary measures
to prevent water loss when used as a building material.
FIRE RESISTANCE.
The fire resistance is
very good because of the high content of silicate acid. Filled up with water,
it can stand a temperature of 400 C while the water cooks inside.
In some cases Bamboo is used as pipes to run water. In West
Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, India Bamboo frame just like iron rod
frame is used inside the almirah and plastered on both sides.
Indeed Bamboo is versatile.

Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 30 comments

India to plant 2 BILLION trees along its highways

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Excellent.
In India there is vast area of Wastelands.
Here are details:
Total Wastelands in the country:
Wastelands (sq.km) during 2008-09
467021.16
Major area of Wastelands in different States in
India(sq.km):
1.Andhra Pradesh 37296.62
2 Arunachal Pradesh 14895.24
3 Assam 23 78438 8778.02 8453.86 -324.15 862.56
538.04 11.19 10.78 -0.41
4 Bihar 37 94171 6841.09 9601.01 2759.92 1895.09
4654.41 7.26 10.20 2.93
5 Chattisgarh 11482.
6.Gujarat 20108.06 9
7.Himachal Pradesh 22347.88
8.Jharkhand 11017.38 13 Karnataka 13030.62
9.Madhya Pradesh 40113.27
10.Maharashtra 37830.82
11 Orissa 16425.76 22

12.Rajasthan 84929.10 24
13.Tamilnadu 30 130058 9125.56 8721.79 -403.77
426.78 22.74 7.02 6.71 -0.31
14.Tripura 4 10486 1315.17 964.64 -350.53 486.15
135.07 12.54 9.20 -3.34
15.Uttarakhand 12859.53
(Taken from Table-3: Category wise total area under
wastelands (sq.km) during 2008-09 vis-a-vis 2005-06 and change in different
categories, (Change Analysis based on temporal satellite data of 2005-06 and
2008-09), Wastelands Atlas of India 2011, (Change Analysis based on temporal
satellite data of 2005-06 and 2008-09), Department of Land Resources, Ministry
of Rural Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi: Land Use and Cover Monitoring
Division (LRUMG), Remote Sensing & GIS Applications Area, National Remote
Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dept. of Space, Govt. of
India, Hyderabad)
In these waste lands care-free growth,
regenerative, CAM plants like Agave and Opuntia can be grown on a massive scale
to produce Biofuel/Biogas generation for power at local level. Unemployed Youth
can be assigned waste lands of about 10 acres each and they can grow the above
plants. This way the wastelands will be cultivated, providing employment to
youth. Also large plantations of Agave and Opuntia being CAM Plants help as
Carbon Sink.
Hitherto Corn and Sugarcane are used in the biofuel production. In the debate
on FOOD Vs FUEL, it is necessary to find alternatives.
Agave has a huge advantage, as it can grow in
marginal or desert land, not on arable land, and therefore would not displace
food crops, says Oliver Inderwildi, at the University of Oxford. The majority
of ethanol produced in the world is still derived from food crops such as corn
and sugarcane. Speculators have argued for years now that using such crops for
fuel can drive up the price of food.Agave, however, can grow on hot dry land
with a high-yield and low environmental impact. The researchers proposing the
plants use have modeled a facility in Jalisco, Mexico, which converts the high
sugar content of the plant into ethanol.

On both life cycle energy and GHG emissions agave scores at least as
well as corn, switch grass and sugarcane, while reaching a similar ethanol
output. The big advantages agave has over the before mentioned plants is that
it can grow in dry areas and on poor soil, thus practically eliminating their
competition with food crops and drastically decreasing their pressure on water
resources.
Plants which use crassulacean acid metabolism
(CAM), which include the cacti and Agaves, are of particular interest since
they can survive for many months without water and when water is available they
use it with an efficiency that can be more than 10 times that of other plants,
such as maize, sorghum, miscanthus and switchgrass. CAM species include no
major current or potential food crops; they have however for centuries been
cultivated for alcoholic beverages and low-lignin fibres.
They may therefore also be ideal for producing
biofuels on land unsuited for food production.
In Mxico, there are active research programs and
stakeholders investigating Agave spp. as a bioenergy feedstock. The unique
physiology of this genus has been exploited historically for the sake of fibers
and alcoholic beverages, and there is a wealth of knowledge in the country of
Mxico about the life history, genetics, and cultivation of Agave. The State of
Jalisco is the denomination of origin of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul, a
cultivar primarily used for the production of tequila that has been widely
researched to optimize yields. Other cultivars of Agave tequilana are grown
throughout Mxico, along with the Agave fourcroydes Lem., or henequen, which is
an important source of fiber that has traditionally been used for making ropes.
The high sugar content of Agave tequilana may be valuable for liquid fuel
production, while the high lignin content of Agave fourcroydes may be valuable
for power generation through combustion.
Along with Agave species described above, some other
economically important species include A. salmiana, A. angustiana, A.
americana, and A. sisalana. Agave sisalana is not produced in Mxico, but has
been an important crop in regions of Africa and Australia. Information
collected here could thus be relevant to semi-arid regions around the world.

Agave is a CAM Plant. Crassulacean acid metabolism,


also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in
some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions in a plant using full CAM, the
stomata in the leaves remains shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration,
but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the
four-carbon acidmalate, and then used during photosynthesis during the day. The
pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing
photosynthetic efficiency. Agave and Opuntia are the best CAM Plants.
Agave Competitive Advantages
* Thrives on dry land/marginal land. Most efficient
use of soil, water and light
* Massive production. Year-around harvesting
* Very high yields with very low or no inputs
* Very high quality biomass and sugars
* Very low cost of production. Not a commodity, so
prices are not volatile
* Very versatile: biofuels, byproducts, chemicals
* World-wide geographical distribution
* Enhanced varieties are ready.
Agave can be grown in huge areas of waste lands in
Developing countries like India. Another route of power production is biogas
generation from Agave as well as Opuntia. Biogas power generators are
commercially available. This way power can be generated at local level with
local resources. Both agave and Opuntia are regenerative plants.
In their research paper SARAH C. DAVIS et al
conclude:
"Large areas of the tropics and subtropics are
too arid or degraded to support food crops, but Agave species may be suitable
for biofuel production in these regions. We review the potential of Agave
species as biofuel feedstocks in the context of eco physiology, agronomy, and
land availability for this genus globally. Reported dry biomass yields of Agave

spp., when annualized, range from 1 to 34Mg /ha/yr without irrigation,


depending on species and location. Some of the most productive species have not
yet been evaluated at a commercial scale. Approximately 0.6 Mha of land
previously used to grow Agave for coarse fibers have fallen out of production,
largely as a result of competition with synthetic fibers.
Theoretically, this crop area alone could provide
6.1 billion L of ethanol if Agave were reestablished as a bio energy feedstock
without causing indirect land use change. Almost one-fifth of the global land
surface is semiarid, suggesting there may be large opportunities for expansion
of Agave crops for feedstock, but more field trials are needed to determine
tolerance boundaries for different Agave species(The global potential for Agave
as a biofuel feedstock, GCB Bioenergy (2011) 3, 6878, doi:
10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01077.x)."
Agave and Opuntia are the best choice to grow in
waste and vacant lands in Asia,Africa and Latin America.The advantage with the
plants is both are regenerative and thrive under harsh conditions.
Another plant of great use is OPUNTIA for biofuel /
biogas production.
The cultivation of nopal ((OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA), a
type of cactus, is one of the most important in Mexico. According to Rodrigo
Morales, Chilean engineer, Wayland biomass, installed on Mexican soil, allows
you to generate inexhaustible clean energy. Through the production of biogas,
it can serve as a raw material more efficiently, by example and by comparison
with jatropha.Wayland Morales, head of Elqui Global Energy argues that an acre
of cactus produces 43 200 m3 of biogas or the equivalent in energy terms to
25,000 liters of diesel. With the same land planted with jatropha, he says, it
will produce 3,000 liters of biodiesel.
Another of the peculiarities of the nopal is biogas
which is the same molecule of natural gas, but its production does not require
machines or devices of high complexity. Also, unlike natural gas, contains
primarily methane (75%), carbon dioxide (24%) and other minor gases (1%), so
it has advantages from the technical point of view since it has the same
capacity heat but is cleaner, he says, and as sum datum its calorific value is

7,000 kcal/m3. Javier Snchez et al in their extensive study on Opuntia as potential


input for bio ethanol concluded:
Prickly pear is a widely-known crop in the SE of
Spain, where it is currently used for forage, fodder and fruit. Now it is being
considered as a potential crop for bio ethanol production from its whole
biomass. In order to estimate the potential bio ethanol production in the
province of Almeria (SE-Spain) and the optimal location of bioethanol
processing plants, a GIS analysis involving a predictive yield model of prickly
pear biomass was undertaken following specific restriction criteria. According
to this analysis, the total potential bio ethanol production in Almeria would
be up to 502,927.8 t dmyear1 from 100,616 ha maximum that could be cultivated
with prickly pear, with a calculated yield ranging between 4.2 and 9.4 t
dmha1year1. An exclusive suitability analysis and a preferable suitability
analysis based on the
Analytic Hierarchy Process were performed in order
to estimate the optimal location of the subsequent processing plants within
Almerias road network by a discrete location-allocation model.(Javier Snchez
, Francisco Snchez , Mara Dolores Curt & Jess Fernndez (2012) Assessment of
the bioethanol potential of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.)
biomass obtained from regular crops in the province of Almeria (SE Spain),
Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 60:3, 301-318).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Deccan Herald 3 comments

Agriculture consumes a third of electricity produced: KERC


chief

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Yes. I fully agree.


I have had been advocating this since long.
Apart from Energy generation from Renewables,Energy Saving is the need of the
hour in India.
A Novel Scheme to replace Old and inefficient agricultural pumpsets:
Out of the 26 Million Agricultural pumpsets many are old and inefficient. The
power tariff for farmers is minimal. Electricity is a high grade energy which
is needed in industries,domestic purposes,computers etc. A scheme can be
chalked out to replace the inefficient motors by Efficient ones. The cost of a
5 HP Electric motor costs about Rs 20,000 .A subsidy of Rs 15,000 can be
provided to replace these inefficient motors.This yields quick results and
Energy conservation is better than energy generation. Each Kwh saved is each
Kwh generated (1 US$= Rs 60).
Based on several studies carried out on agricultural pumpset efficiency, it has
been found that the pump efficiency varies from 25-35% due to various factors.
By adopting BEE star lebelled agricultural pumpsets, the efficiency can be
enhanced upto 50-52%. It is estimated that, by replacement of existing pumps
with the BEE star labelled pumps, the achievable saving potential is 30-40% and
sectoral saving potential works out to be 4.34 BU per year.
Instead of huge investment on New Poer projects,The Government of India and different
state Governments can jointly plan a scheme to replace the existing old and inefficient
agricultural pumpsets with efficient ones. This yields quick
results.
Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated.
TODAYS WASTAGE IS TOMORROWS SHORTAGE
please save the power for the next hour!
Save power, energize the future
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 28 comments

In 10 years, no one in Helsinki is going to own a car

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Contrary to this in India Every month new Automobile models(Cars,Motor


Cycles,Scooters) are released. I am afraid the day is not far off when in most Indian
Cities and Towns,WHERE THERE IS A WHEEL THERE IS NO WAY !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Bloomberg 146 comments

30 Most Innovative Countries

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Great. South Korea ranks first.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
10 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Foreign Affairs 7 comments

South Korea

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Outstanding success
story of South Korea. I was in Gwangjo giving Keynote address at World Hydrogen
Energy Conference 2014 during 15 to 20, 2014. I was amazed to find clean roads,
thousands of multistoried buildings, lush green rice fields, Solar panels in

the fields,green house structures etc. Indeed Korea is emerging as a fast


growing economy. China, Taiwan and South Korea combine will form most powerful
economies in the world. The fact that Samsung competes with Apple in both
quality and cost speaks volumes of its growth so are advances in automobiles (Hundai).
All this is because of Innovations in every field. According to the World Bank,
"innovation in all its forms, particularly technological innovation, has
become a crucial driver of growth, enhancing competitiveness and increasing social
well-being in all economies of the world."
As such, many countries are keen to promote their innovation and technology
("I&T") industry in order to benefit from the rise of the knowledge economy.
South Korea Hub of Innovations
South Korea has lack of natural resources. To pursue
economic growth, South Korea has actively developed its human capital and
invested heavily in science and technology to promote I&T driven industrial
development. South Korea embarked on the development of science and technology
as early as in the 1960s when the country began to import and then adapt
foreign technology whilst simultaneously enhancing its indigenous technological
capability. The 1980s saw the change
in South Korea's industrial policy from technology learning
to technology development, as well as the shift in the government's role from
planning and financing to promoting and facilitating private industrial
research and development ("R&D").
South Korea was severely affected by the outbreak of the Asian financial crisis in 1997.
In response, the country adopted wide-ranging economic reforms featuring, among
other things, targeting development of high-tech industries (particularly information
technology) as a key sector for restoring the country's competitiveness. South Korea
only took two years to recover and surpass the level of industrial R&D achieved prior to
the crisis. More importantly, it has successfully transformed itself into one of the world's
most dynamic technological economies after the crisis. In 2011, South Korea's gross
expenditure on R&D ("GERD") accounted for 4.03% of
its Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"), which ranked the 6th highest in the world. In
addition, it ranked 18th in the Global Innovation Index 2013 with high ranking in the subindicators of (a) human capital and research and (b) infrastructure.

Information Communication Technology ("ICT")


*South Korea topped the International Telecommunication Union's ICT Index ranking for
three consecutive years. Liquid crystal display ("LCD")
*South Korea is home to two of the largest LCD manufacturers in the world, namely
Samsung and LG.
Semiconductor
* South Korea is a global market leader, ranked 4th in the world's semiconductor market
in 2012.
Medical/biotechnology industry
*The industry is selected by the government as a new growth engine in South Korea
under the growing demand for personalized medicine and regenerative medicine of the
ageing society. Comparative advantages in developing the industry Well-established
infrastructure with high broadband and wireless network penetration.
* Abundant pool of highly educated workers and researchers to meet increasing
demand for R&D after years of the government's investment in education.
*Strong government commitment to establish a technology-based nation through
support measures such as tax incentives and financial assistance.
*Presence of local companies that command a large share of the global market (e.g.
Samsung, Hyundai and LG).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Challenges for biogas adoption in Tanzania

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Good post.
The best option for Tanzania to meet rural energy needs is to grow on a massive scale
in waste lands Care-free growth,regenerative CAM plants Agave and Opuntia.

Hitherto Corn and Sugarcane are used in the biofuel production. In the debate on FOOD
Vs FUEL, it is necessary to find alternatives.
Agave has a huge advantage, as it can grow in marginal or desert land, not on arable
land, and therefore would not displace food crops, says Oliver Inderwildi, at the
University of Oxford. The majority of ethanol produced in the world is still derived from
food crops such as corn and sugarcane. Speculators have argued for years now that
using such crops for fuel can drive up the price of food.
Agave, however, can grow on hot dry land with a high-yield and low environmental
impact. The researchers proposing the plants use have modeled a facility in Jalisco,
Mexico, which converts the high sugar content of the plant into ethanol.
The research, published in the journal Energy and Environmental Science, provides the
first ever life-cycle analysis of the energy and greenhouse gas balance of producing
ethanol with agave. Each megajoule of energy produced from the agave-to-ethanol
process resulted in a net emission of 35 grams of carbon dioxide, far below the 85g/MJ
estimated for corn ethanol production. Burning gasoline produces roughly 100g/MJ.The
characteristics of the agave suit it well to bioenergy production, but also reveal its
potential as a crop that is adaptable to future climate change, adds University of Oxford
plant scientist Andrew Smith. In a world where arable land and water resources are
increasingly scarce, these are key attributes in the food versus fuel argument, which is
likely to intensify given the expected large-scale growth in biofuel production.
Agave already appeared to be an interesting bio ethanol source due to its high sugar
content and its swift growth. For the first time Researchers at the universities of Oxford
and Sydney have now conducted the first life-cycle analysis of the energy and
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of agave-derived ethanol and present their promising
results in the journal Energy & Environmental Science.
On both life cycle energy and GHG emissions agave scores at least as well as corn,
switchgrass and sugarcane, while reaching a similar ethanol output. The big advantages
agave has over the before mentioned plants is that it can grow in dry areas and on poor
soil, thus practically eliminating their competition with food crops and drastically
decreasing their pressure on water resources.
Plants which use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), which include the cacti and
Agaves, are of particular interest since they can survive for many months without water
and when water is available they use it with an efficiency that can be more than 10 times
that of other plants, such as maize, sorghum, miscanthus and switchgrass. CAM

species include no major current or potential food crops; they have however for
centuries been cultivated for alcoholic beverages and low-lignin fibres.
They may therefore also be ideal for producing biofuels on land unsuited for food
production.
In Mxico, there are active research programs and stakeholders investigating Agave
spp. as a bioenergy feedstock. The unique physiology of this genus has been exploited
historically for the sake of fibers and alcoholic beverages, and there is a wealth of
knowledge in the country of Mxico about the life history, genetics, and cultivation of
Agave. The State of Jalisco is the denomination of origin of Agave tequilana Weber var.
azul, a cultivar primarily used for the production of tequila that has been widely
researched to optimize yields. Other cultivars of Agave tequilana are grown throughout
Mxico, along with the Agave fourcroydes Lem., or henequen, which is an important
source of fiber that has traditionally been used for making ropes. The high sugar content
of Agave tequilana may be valuable for liquid fuel production, while the high lignin
content of Agave fourcroydes may be valuable for power generation through
combustion.
Along with Agave species described above, some other economically important species
include A. salmiana, A. angustiana, A. americana, and A. sisalana. Agave sisalana is
not produced in Mxico, but has been an important crop in regions of Africa and
Australia. Information collected here could thus be relevant to semi-arid regions around
the world.
Agave is a CAM Plant. Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM
photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an
adaptation to arid conditions in a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remains
shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon
dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the four-carbon acidmalate, and then used during
photosynthesis during the day. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the
enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Agave and Opuntia are the best
CAM Plants.
Agave Competitive Advantages
* Thrives on dry land/marginal land. Most efficient use of soil, water and light
* Massive production. Year-around harvesting
* Very high yields with very low or no inputs

* Very high quality biomass and sugars


* Very low cost of production. Not a commodity, so prices are not volatile
* Very versatile: biofuels, byproducts, chemicals
* World-wide geographical distribution
* Enhanced varieties are ready.
Another care-free growth plant is OPUNTIA.
Biogas from Opuntia
A source of renewable gas and fertilizer
Structure of the proposed process
1st step: Production of Biomass (Opuntia)
2nd step: Process of the Biomass into Biogas through Anaerobic Fermentation
3rd step: Process of the Digested Material into Fertilizer
The potential of Opuntia Biomass for energy production in semi-arid areas
100 to 400 tons of biomass/ha/year
1 ton Opuntia biomass = 50-60 m3 of biogas = 300-360 kWh of gas
30 000 to 140 000 kWh per ha
150 to 400ha necessary for 1MW electrical capacity
High efficiency in water & fertilizer use
Reduced risk for farmers of crop failure due to high drought tolerance. No competition
with food crops on arable land as it can grow on degraded land.
Study on renewable biogas energy production from cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica by
Elias Jigar, Hameed Sulaiman and Araya Asfaw and Abraham Bairu (ISABB Journal of
Food and Agriculture Science Vol. 1(3), pp. 44-48, December 2011) revealed:
Cladodes, which are a plate like section of Opuntia ficus indica, were characterized for
their physical properties, total solids (TS) and volatile solides (VS) and they were
assessed in five combinations with or without cow dung for their suitability to biogas
production in 2.8 L triplicate batch digesters. The highest total biogas yields were
obtained from T5 (75% Cow dung: 25% Cladodes combination) as 14.183 L followed by
T1 (cow dung alone) as 13.670 L (0 .022 m3/kg) and the lowest was from T2 (Cladodes
alone) as 6.176 L. The percentage of methane gas obtained from the experiment for
treatments T1, T2, T3 (50% cow dung: 50% cladodes), T4 (25% cow dung: 75%
Cladodes) and T5 were 66.33, 53.16, 63.84, 52.1 and 69% respectively. Among all

treatments, T5 was found to produce high methane percent of the biogas.


From Biogas, Power generation can be done at local level itself.
Tanzania and other African countries can go for these sources of power.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 9 comments

Getting a charge out of water droplets

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 9 months ago

Innovative.
Dr A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 37182 comments

Report: Malaysia Airlines flight crashes in Ukraine

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

After the missing Malaysian Plane,the Malaysian Airlines has reduced the tariff to their
flights. This Air crash will further damage their reputation.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

If 'Missile shot down Malaysia Airlines plane' is true,it is barbaric,inhuman and innocent
passengers were victims. May the departed souls rest in peace.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

In Just 3 hours
12330 Comments. That shows how much the incident is shocking.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Shocked.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Yet another tragedy for Malaysian Airlines.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 278 comments

List of civilian planes shot down

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Let us pray such accidents won't recur.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 1 comments

Nature Blows My Mind! Macro Photographs of


Hummingbirds by Chris Morgan

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago Removed

Nature's Wonders.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on TreeHugger.com 48 comments

Generating Off-Grid Power: The Four Best Ways

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago Removed

Micro and small wind turbines should be revived.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on TreeHugger.com 10 comments

How to Go Green: Electricity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago Removed

Excellent. Everyone should adopt these. Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

Discussion on PeopleForBikes 1 comments

12 creative uses for a bike

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Great post.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 3 comments

Delhi Considers Rent-a-Roof Solar Power Program To


Meet Rising Electricity Demand

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Roof top solar lending in other countries like US can be adopted in India.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 12 comments

India Targets 35% Renewable Energy Share In Installed


Capacity Mix By 2050

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Though this is an attainable figure technically,in India most of the major projects depend
on political will and support. Once Wind was given a big boost,now solar. In essence
what is needed for a populous country like India which is power deficient is an
integrated approach involving Energy from both conventional and Renewable Energy

Sources. Often ignored is vast scope for Biofuel/biogas power from care-free
growth,regenerative CAM plants like Agave and Opuntia. Windfarm/solar cooperatives,Offshore Windfarms,Energy conservation in Agricultural pump sets,Energy
saving in lighting by switching over to CFLs and Digital lighting from Florescent lights.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Topend Sports 78 comments

World Cup Football Winners List

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago Removed

Hearty congratulations Germany.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on HBR.org 31 comments

Win Over an Opponent by Asking for Advice

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Best advice.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 6 comments

Ethics for Technologists (and Facebook)

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IBNLive 1 comments

Renewable energy: Challenges in implementing solar


energy and possible solutions

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Excellent. Though hype is given to Solar Pumps,Large solar PV projects,the reality is


otherwise. Unless Solar Cell Efficiency increases Solar PV is still a far cry. Only heavy
subsidies are covering the cost of generation of Solar Power.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 8 comments

Robot cleans dusty solar panels without using water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Excellent. For Desert regions solar projects dust is a major concern as these regions
lack water resources. At the DESERTEC Project,this was a major issue. In
Rajasthan,India many Large Solar Projects are underway.Rajasthan experiences LU,
sand Storms.I hope MNRE and Solar Manufacturers in India will adopt this method.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

It's a mud mud mud mud world: Herzog & de Meuron


design Europe's largest rammed earth building

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Excellent.
house of mud
MUD IS a versatile building material that has been used to make some
extraordinary architectural marvels -- from 1,000-year-old ksars (forts) in
Morocco and 6,000-year-old arches, vaults and domes in the Nile Valley to
multi-storeyed houses of adobe, sun-baked bricks of mud and straw, which is the
traditional building material throughout much of Latin America.
But what gives the material so much potential
importance in India, with its large population of homeless and ill-housed
people, is its cheapness and widespread availability. Considering the scarcity
and high cost of conventional building materials such as brick, cement and
steel, one way to solve the country"s severe housing shortage of an
estimated 40 million units by 2000, is to switch to mud.
Mud has other inherent advantages: It is extremely
malleable and offers better insulation than steel-and-concrete structures, it
decentralises the construction process because it utilises local material and
technology and thereby obviates the need for a contractor, and it costs much
less to maintain mud buildings
Bhung
or mud hut a traditional construction in Kutch(India) is an engineering wonder.
Here
are the mud houses or bhungas and
glipses of people of Kutch.These traditional circular homes withstood the
devastating earthquake (2001). They are also considered cyclone proof. They can
be constructed with local material.
The
colourful and one of the extremely rich in crafts region of Gujarat (India) is
Kutch. Many communities and tribes in this region have their own distinctive

styles in textiles, embroidery and handicrafts. Each community and tribal group
has its own lexicon of motifs and embroidery stitches.
Rabaaris
are the ones who decorate the insides of their mud-and-thatch huts with
lippankam or mud-mirror work; the Bharwaads are seen in their exquisitely
embroidered dresses and clothes; the Meghwaals decorate the exteriors of their
mud huts with alluring patterns; the nomadic Jaths whose subgroups include the
graceful Fakirani Jaths, live in huts made of coloured reeds. And you can see a
group of Jath women walking along the road in their brightly coloured and
beautifully embroidered costumes.
What
makes the `bhungas so strong?
Their
circular design and the steely mesh of mud plaster and twigs make them resist
any wind pressure and quake. The `bhungas, which even a king would envy for
its elaborate design and artistic elegance, have a light dome-shaped bamboo and
thatched roof and a circular wall plastered with mud, twigs and dung.
Their thick walls keep the interior cool when the
temperature rises to 46 degrees celsius in summer and warm when it drops to two
degrees in winter.
Rammed earth which involves developing a mixture of
sand and clay, and compressing it within a mold to shape the walls, etc.
Usually some form of insulation like polystyrene, polyurethane, or even
old newspaper in the middle of the wall, which maybe also reinforced with steel
rods.
Cob which
involves developing a loamy clay like mud compound and mixing straw or rice
paddy husks into it to build strength.
Mud or adobe bricks which are fundamentally made by
molding cob into bricks which are used in the construction on a dwelling, and
Mud based ferro cement,
invented by Dr. Kamarudin Bin Mohd. Nor of University Kuala Lumpur, which

incorporates a mixture of cement, sand and clay, which is rendered onto a steel
or wooden frame sown through some form of insulation like conventional
ferro cement.
Other methods important in the construction of natural buildings include straw bale
dwellings which
are usually rendered with a mud based mixture, and bamboo and thatches for the
ceilings and
roofs of mud based dwellings.
Building mud houses is more art than science. Learning the right
mixtures to use based on the soil you have available is more a matter trial and
error than calculation, and thus requires a certain amount of experimentation.
making an earth house is more similar to making a cake than building a
conventional form of house.
The material cost of building earth based dwellings is only a fraction
of the cost of building a conventional house with commercial materials. However
labor is the major cost.
Earth based houses are naturally insulated, so they will be cool in
summers and warm in winters. They are extremely strong if constructed
correctly, and proponents of earth houses claim they are resistant to
earthquakes. Other advocates of earth houses claim that are very healthy with
no irritant chemicals incorporated within the mixture to cause any allergies,
etc.
There has been a small revival of earth house building in Asia over the
last decade, however this revival is driven by a small number of champions like
Ajarn (teacher) Smith, as he likes to be called, of Sakaeo, approximately 300
km North-East of Bangkok.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 7 comments

Facebook Performed a Psychology Experiment on


Thousands of Users Without Telling Them

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

This News will increase the usage of Facebook.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 19 comments

Why Copenhagen's bike commute rate jumped from 36% to


41% in one year

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Excellent. I lived in Denmark for a couple of years. In Copenhagen. There With a 10 or


20 kroner coin you could unlock a bike and ride off.When you put back at designated
places the bike,the coin comes out. This way nobody leaves the bike on the road. These
bikes are a special type with an advertisement of the Company.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 6 comments

India Plans Worlds Largest Floating Solar Power Project


(50 MW)

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

In India Plans are different from execution. As you yourself mentioned Canal top solar
power project of 1 MW.What is the cost comparison of this canal top solar project with 1
MW ground solar project? Efficiency wise solar PV is far below wind and mini/micro

hydro and biomass/biogas power because of low solar cell efficiency.On the other hand
India can go in a big way for biofuel/biogas power from care free growth regenerative
CAM plants like Agave ,Opuntia which can be grown in millions of hectares of waste
lands. Mexico is Pioneer in this.
Dr A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
7 EditView in discussion

Discussion on MIT News 3 comments

Innovators to Convene at International Design Summit to


Develop Low-Cost Technologies Addressing Global
Poverty

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

It is excellent event to promote Affordable Innovations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HindustanTimes 63 comments

ISRO launches PSLV C-23 rocket carrying 5 foreign


satellites from Sriharikota

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Great moments in Indian Space history. Congratulations ISRO Scientists.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
13 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 19 comments

How to Go Green: Cleaning

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Clean and green Information.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 2 comments

Facelock Could Replace Alphanumeric Website Passwords

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Quite Interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 3 comments

Global solar power capacity is 53X and wind is 6.6X what it


was 9 years ago

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Wind power is quite old and solar started a decade back that is why the difference.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 3 comments

Indian IT Major Infosys Plans 50 MW Solar Power Project

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Yes. IT Giants can go in for Renewables in a big way in India just as Google.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 46 comments

100% Renewable Electricity Will Be Achieved In German


State Soon

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Great News. Germany is advancing in Renewables especially Wind and solar.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Express 9 comments

Financial powers gone, Planning Commission stares


at shutdown

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

The Planning Commission needs real Planners and visionaries.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Express 11 comments

Modi diktat: Ministers cant appoint officials who were in


key posts in UPA ministries

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

The New Government needs Efficient Bureaucrats,Officials,Scientists & Technologists in


Key positions.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Express 0 comments

PM Narendra Modi takes stock of energy sector issues

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago Removed

Energy is the prime Mover of any Nation. In our country there is an annual .
power deficit of about 10,000 MW. Here is an Action Plan to harness Renewables and
Energy Saving:
1. Starting Offshore Wind Farms.
2. Wind Farm and Solar Co-operatives
3. Creating Renewable Energy Fund.
4. Energy Saving by replacing mostly inefficient 2.6 Crore Agricultural Pump sets with
Efficient ones which saves 30% power. A scheme can be chalked out to give a
subsidy of Rs 15000(Out of cost of Rs 20,000 for a 5 HP Motor). Electricity is a high
grade energy which finds extensive use in industry,lighting,computers etc. In some
states power is free or nominal tariff.
5. Biofuel/Biogas for power generation through massive cultivation of care-free growth
regenerative CAM plants like Agave,Opuntia.
Hitherto Depreciation benefits were given to large industries. A RENEWABLE ENERGY
FUND can be created and people( Individual Tax Payers) can be exempted
if they invest in this fund under Section 80C. This way there will

be wide participation of People in Renewable Energy Projects. Another area that needs
immediate attention is Offshore Wind Farms. I had been suggesting
Offshore Wind Farms since India has long coast line. Winds in the sea
are about 30% more than on land and since Power is cube of
velocity,offshore wind farms give higher yields.Atleast a Pilot Project
can be started by MNRE so that Private Industry follows.
Unemployed Youth can be trained in Agricultural operations and each can be assigned
WAste lands of 10 acres each and 10 such people can form a co-operative. They can
grow fast growing,multiple use plants like Agave,Opuntia in these waste lands.
Bioiofuel /Biogas power plants can be set up at local level as decentralised power.
Prime Minister Narendra Modiji,please consider these innovative policies and projects
for prosperity.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India.
Discussion on Grist 84 comments

Al Gore thinks theres hope for humanity after all

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

Yes. I agree.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 8 comments

Massachusetts to open offshore area larger than Rhode


Island to wind power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 10 months ago

US has immense Offshore Wind Potential.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Wind Energy Expert
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 51 comments

The Rise of the Personal Power Plant

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Decentralised Energy Systems are the need of the hour for stability,to avoid
transmission losses etc. I have been advocating biogas power plants utilising care free
growth plants like Agave and Opuntia which are regenrative and CAM plants. Biofuel
and Biogas power can be obtained on a massive scale through Agave and Opuntia. In
Developing countries vast waste land can be utilised to grow Agave and Opuntia to
provide input for biofuel/biogas power plants. Mexico is pioneer in this.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Specialist
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

The Future We Deserve

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

Use chemistry life hacks to solve everyday problems

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Laser Makes More Accurate Radar System

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Advancement in Radar system.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 12 comments

Malaysia Air Flight 370 Would Not Have Disappeared if


We'd Had This System

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Malaysian Airlines disappearance is still a mystery so is real-time flight-data recording.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Solar Plane With Global Aims Makes First Flight

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Solar goes high !


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 5 comments

Man invents electric suitcase scooter vehicle (Video)

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Innovative but crazy !


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Glaciers in Nepal retreating at an alarming rate

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Melting of glaciers climate change are inter related! ?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

The water and life of a river before hydro development

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Quite interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Plankton beats insecticides at mosquito control

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good. In our olden days Municipalities used to spray kerosene in open drains which
forms a layer and sunlight is forbidden ,thus multiplication of larvae reduced. A simple
but effective method.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Brazil approves GM mosquito that could cut dengue

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

We need it very badly in India. We allocate some money in our monthly budget for
combating mosquito menace.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 8 comments

Should hydropower truly be described as renewable?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Big Hydro power plants are always associated with controversies while mini/micro hydro
power plants not !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Milking venomous snakes in Thailand

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.
Snake venom is highly modified salivacontaining zootoxins that facilitates the
immobilization and digestion of prey, and defends against a threat. It is injected by
unique fangs after a bite but some species are also able to spit. The glands that secrete
the zootoxins are a modification of the parotid salivary gland found in other vertebrates
and are usually situated on each side of the head, below and behind the eye and
encapsulated in a muscular sheath. The glands have large alveoli in which the
synthesized venom is stored before being conveyed by a duct to the base of channeled
or tubular fangs through which it is ejected.
Venoms contain more than 20 different compounds, mostly proteins and polypeptides. A
complex mixture of proteins, enzymes, and various other substances with toxic and
lethal properties serves to immobilize the prey animal, enzymes play an important role
in the digestion of prey, and various other substances are responsible for important but
non-lethal biological effects. Some of the proteins in snake venom have very specific
effects on various biological functions including blood coagulation, blood pressure
regulation, transmission of the nervous or muscular impulse and have been developed
for use as pharmacological or diagnostic tools or even useful drugs.

Chemistry
Charles Lucien Bonaparte, the son of Lucien Bonaparte, younger brother of Napoleon
Bonaparte, was the first to establish the proteinaceous nature of
snake venom in 1843.
Proteins constitute 90-95% of venom's dry weight and they are responsible for almost all
of its biological effects. Among hundreds, even thousands of proteins found in venom,
there are toxins, neurotoxins in particular, as well as
nontoxic proteins (which also have pharmacological properties), and many
enzymes, especially hydrolytic ones. Enzymes (molecular weight 13-150 KDa) make-up
80-90% of viperid and 25-70% of elapid venoms: digestive hydrolases, L-amino acid
oxidase, phospholipases, thrombin-like pro-coagulant, and kallikrein-like serine
proteases and metalloproteinases (hemorrhagins), which damage vascular
endothelium.Polypeptide toxins (molecular weight 5-10 KDa) include cytotoxins,
cardiotoxins, and postsynaptic neurotoxins (such as -bungarotoxin and -Cobratoxin),
which bind to acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Compounds with
low molecular weight (up to 1.5 KDa) include metals, peptides, lipids,
nucleosides, carbohydrates, amines, and oligopeptides, which inhibit
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and potentiate bradykinin (BPP). Inter- and intraspecies variation in venom chemical composition is geographical and
ontogenic. Phosphodiesterases interfere with the prey's cardiac system, mainly to lower
the blood pressure.Phospholipase A2 causes hemolysis by lysing the phospholipid cell
membranes of red blood cells. Amino acid oxidases and proteases are used for
digestion. Amino acid oxidase also triggers some other enzymes and is responsible for
the yellow colour of the venom of some species. Hyaluronidase increases tissue
permeability to accelerate absorption of other enzymes into tissues. Some snake
venoms carry fasciculins, like the mambas (Dendroaspis), which inhibitcholinesterase to
make the prey lose
muscle control.
Venomous snakes occur throughout many regions of the world and are a threat to
public health, especially in the rural tropics where they are most abundant. Out of more
than 3000 species of snakes in the world, some 600 are venomous and over 200 are
considered to be medically important.
A database and image library has been created by WHO to enable users to easily
identify the most important venomous snakes in their country, territory or area; see the

distributions of each species; and find information about antivenom products for treating
envenoming caused by their bites. The database is accessible from theDatabase search
option in the left hand site navigation menu.
In assessing the relative risk of each species, two major categories have been
considered within the WHO Guidelines on production, control and regulation of snake
antivenom immunoglobulins.
CATEGORY
1: Highest medical importance
Definition: Highly venomous snakes that are common or widespread and cause
numerous snakebites, resulting in high levels of morbidity, disability or
mortality.
CATEGORY 2:
Secondary medical importance
Definition: Highly venomous snakes capable of causing morbidity, disability
or death, for which exact epidemiological or clinical data may be lacking; and/or are less
frequently implicated (due to their activity cycles, behavior, habitat preferences or
occurrence in areas remote to large human
populations).
The venomous snakes species listed as Category 1 are considered to cause the
greatest burden of injury, disability and/or mortality attributable to snakebites in various
countries, territories and other areas around the world. Species listed under this
category within a country, territory or area should be considered as being of highest
priority for antivenom production.
The distribution of snakes shown in the maps included in this website and their
categorization are based on data available in published reference texts and scientific
journals (see the WHO Guidelines above for a detailed bibliography) in addition to
records held in museum collection databases, and information obtained from
consultation with zoologists and other experts from many countries around the world. As
more information becomes available, new species may be added to these lists, and/or
some species, currently defined within Category 1 or Category 2 re-ranked.
(Source: WHO)

The World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the worlds


population depends on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs.
Methods of traditional treatment of snake bite, although of questionable
efficacy and perhaps even harmful, are nonetheless relevant.
Plants used to treat snakebites in Trinidad and Tobago are made into
tinctures with alcohol or olive oil and kept in rum flasks called 'snake
bottles'. Snake bottles contain several different plants and/or insects. The
plants used include the vine called monkey ladder (Bauhinia
cumanensis or Bauhinia excisa,Fabaceae) which is pounded and put on the bite.
Alternatively a tincture is made with a piece of the vine and kept in a snake bottle. Other
plants used include: mat root (Aristolochia rugosa), cat's claw (Pithecellobim unguiscati), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), snake bush (Barleria lupulina), obie seed (Cola
nitida), and wild gri gri root (Acrocomia aculeata). Some snake bottles also contain the
caterpillars (Battus polydamas, Papilionidae) that eat tree leaves (Aristolochia trilobata).
Emergency snake medicines are obtained by chewing a three-inch piece of the root of
bois cant (Cecropia peltata) and administering this chewed-root solution to the bitten
subject (usually a hunting dog). This is a common native plant of Latin America and the
Caribbean which makes it appropriate as an emergency remedy. Another native plant
used is mardi gras (Renealmia alpinia)(berries), which are crushed together with the
juice of wild cane (Costus scaber) and given to the
bitten. Quick fixes have included applying chewed tobacco from cigarettes,
cigars or pipes. Making cuts around the puncture or sucking out the venom had been
thought helpful, in the past, but this course of treatment is now strongly discouraged.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 16 comments

Why I turned from GM opponent to advocate

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good argument for GM Crops.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 34 comments

The problems with the arguments against GM crops

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Balanced view on GM.crops.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Poor nations lead the way on gender equality in research

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 5 comments

Explore the global landscape of female researchers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

In recent years women researchers are on the increase in India.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 23 comments

Natural air conditioner cools with the power of terracotta


and evaporation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

No doubt innovative and functional. Evaporation produces cooling.


I suggest take wide mouth vessel(may be stainless steel) and have a hanging system by
thread/chain) and cover the opening with canvas, the vessel has a small tap near the
opening and covered with cloth as insulator. Fill the vessel with drinking water and tie
the wide opening with canvas(canvas has pores and as such water oozes out. Since the
widened opening is covered with canvas, air surrounding down from all directions
touches the canvas and one gets cool water from tap. Water inside near the tap gets
cooled quickly.
In our olden days,milk,vegetables etc. used to be hanged like this.
Care should be taken to tie the canvas without leak and while hanging the vessel.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 13 comments

Grid-connected Electric Buses Could Displace Diesels

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 27 comments

Google unveils its designs for a self-driving car, built from


the ground up

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

It will be disastrous in developing countries crowded roads.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on DNA India 10 comments

How Narendra Modi utilised Twitter and reached out to


global leaders; Here are some interesting facts from
#TwitterElections 2014

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. Yes. Social media has played its own role in the recent elections in India.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 86 comments

When China became the worlds workshop, it inherited the


worlds air pollution, too

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

These are the perils of unorganized Industrial Growth.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 30 comments

Could a bullet train take you from the U.S. to China to


Europe?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

One needs(From Developing countries) VISA to every country the train passes.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNBC 171 comments

Untitled

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Not only solar,Biofuel,Wind and other Renewables have a role.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 56 comments

Congress rout: A Sonia-Rahul definitive guide on how to


lose an election

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very thoughtful.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 3 comments

With Modi sarkar, bureaucracy gets ready for a new innings

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

There will be certainly shift in the role of PMO with Narendramodiji as PM.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 6 comments

Modinomics is not Thatcherite: It is a mix of Deng and Lee

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The title is misleading. Narendramodiji is 100 % Swadeshi and has his own economic
programme and Agenda. He has rich experience as Chief Minister of Gujarat and
proved his abilities. Only thing now is from State to Centre.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 2 comments

How far can Narendra Modi take Indiaand how fast?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Yes. Narendramodiji has proved that he stands for Development during
his tenure as CM of Gujarat and I am sure with his vision and long experience bring

DEVELOPMENT MANTRA at the National Level.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Smallholder farmers remain left out of most R&D

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

There is accumulated knowledge in the small farmers around the world. The small
farmers adopt though their ingenuity what is best for them. It is the Agricultural Scientist
who must see these problems as challenges that have to be met. In short our motto,
MODERNISE THE TRADITIONAL - TRADITIONALISE THE MODERN.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 11 comments

Indias new prime minister is big on solar power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh accord0 a year ago

Agreed 100%. But lot of money involved where some get kickbacks. Whereever
subsidies are provided the end result is dismal. Everybody wants his share. We have
seen in India well conceived schemes to benefit rural people ending up with HIGH
PROMISE AND LOW PERFORMANCE. Just see the Efficiencies: Solar PV around 15%
; Wind around 30; Mini/microhydel 60%. Moreover dust is a big problem in developing
countries especially in the arid regions. If you look at the progress of simple BOX TYPE
SOLAR COOKERS, there are only 0.65 million units sold(but not all used). Infact Solar
Cooking needs are more that solar PV needs for lighting in rural areas. People still use
inefficient methods of drying. I designed a simple Solar Drier which gives protection
from dust,insects and rain. What India badly needs is Innovative Solar and other

Renewable Energy Gadgets. Biofuel/biogas from fast growing plants like Agave and
Opuntia which are regenerative and CAM can transform rural economy. Mexico is
pioneer in this. In India there are 2.6 million agricultural pumpsets which are old and
inefffficient in most cases. A scheme can be chalked out to replace these old motors
with more efficient ones which results in 30% of saving in power. Electricity is a high
grade energy which has to be used judiciously.
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 2 comments

IRENA & Clean Energy Solutions Center Teaming Up To


Support Renewable Energy Policy Advice Network

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting information on IRENA.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 3 comments

India Wants to Double Solar Capacity with 1 Gigawatt


Auction

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Whether solar is hot in India or not,India is hot!


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

Record-shattering 5,000 megawatt & 2,500 megawatt solar


projects get green light in Indian state of Jammu and
Kashmir

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

As far as I know Ooty,Jammu and Kashmir are cool places and tourist attractions. Solar
PV power generation primarily depends on Solar Insolation.
Here are figures of Average Temperatures across the regions in the country:
Northern India
Average
annual temperatures
High F
Low F
Place
State
High C
Low C
91
67
Agra
Uttar
Pradesh
33
19
90
67

Allahabad
Uttar
Pradesh
32
19
87
60
Amritsar
Punjab
30
15
89
66
Bhopal
Madhya
Pradesh
32
19
87
62
Chandigarh
Chandigarh
30
17
82
60
Dehradun
Uttarakhand

28
15
89
64
Indore
Madhya
Pradesh
32
18
89
65
Lucknow
Uttar
Pradesh
32
18
86
63
Ludhiana
Punjab
30
17
65
47
Mukteswar
Uttarakhand
19
8

88
66
New
Delhi
Delhi
31
19
89
67
Patna
Bihar
31
20
62
50
Shimla
Himachal
Pradesh
17
10
67
45
Srinagar
Jammu
and Kashmir
20
7
90

67
Varanasi
Uttar
Pradesh
32
19
Eastern India
Temperatures
averages for the year
High F
Low F
Place
State
High C
Low C
87
68
Agartala
Tripura
31
20
89
71
Balasore
Orissa
(Odisha)
32
22

91
72
Bhubaneshwar
Orissa
(Odisha)
33
22
69
57
Cherrapunji
Meghalaya
21
14
82
65
Dibrugarh
Assam
28
18
87
73
Gopalpur
West
Bengal
30
23
85
67

Guwahati
Assam
29
19
72
58
Kohima
Nagaland
22
15
89
72
Kolkata
(Calcutta)
West
Bengal
32
22
91
70
Raipur
Chhattisgarh
33
21
85
65
Ranchi
Jharkhand

29
18
70
54
Shillong
Meghalaya
21
12
Southern
India
Annual
average temperature
High F
Low F
Place
State
High C
Low C
85
66
Bangalore
Karnataka
29
19
92
76
Chennai

Tamil
Nadu
33
24
90
70
Coimbatore
Tamil
Nadu
32
21
90
70
Hyderabad
Andhra
Pradesh
32
21
94
75
Madurai
Tamil
Nadu
34
24
88
76
Minicoy
Lakshadweep

31
25
86
66
Mysore
Karnataka
30
19
89
78
Pamban
Island
Tamil
Nadu
32
26
86
72
Port
Blair
Andaman
& Nicobar
30
22
92
75
Puducherry
Pondicherry
33

24
88
74
Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala
31
23
74
74
Vijayawada
Andhra
Pradesh
23
23
91
75
Vishakhapatnam
Andhra
Pradesh
33
24
Western
India
Average
yearly temperatures
High F
Low F
Place
State

High C
Low C
94
69
Ahmedabad
Gujarat
34
21
90
65
Aurangabad
Maharashtra
32
18
90
66
Jaipur
Rajasthan
32
19
91
70
Kota
Rajasthan
33
21
88
75

Mumbai
Maharashtra
31
24
92
69
Nagpur
Maharashtra
34
20
89
63
Nasik
Maharashtra
32
17
89
74
Panaji
Goa
32
23
89
64
Pune
Maharashtra
32
18

93
68
Rajkot
Gujarat
34
20
92
71
Surat
Gujarat
33
22
94
69
Vadodara
Gujarat
34
21
Source: Current results: research news and science facts)
From the Data,
in Srinagar
High F Low F
High C Low C
67
45
Srinagar
Jammu and Kashmir
20 degrees Celsius

7 degrees Celsius
With the above average temperatures can Solar Projects be
successful in Jammu and Kashmir?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 7 comments

More rooftop solar was installed in California in 2013 than


in the past 30 years combined

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding. How about India which has far far more Solar Insolation?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 8 comments

India wants to build a solar project so large (4,000


megawatts), it would be the world's largest and dwarf
everything else!

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Such mega projects always will be on paper . What happened to DESETEC in Sahara?
What India needs badly is to have decentralised small energy systems. Power cuts in
the months of January and 6 to 8 power(that to with breaks) for Farmers in Andhra
Pradesh is deplorable. Such a unique mega project like linking Ganga Kavery rivers
never took off ! This is India.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

India's new prime minister wants to use solar to bring


power to every home by 2019

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

No doubt solar energy can be a solution in the unelectrified areas with higher efficiency.
The present efficiency of solar PV is low(about 12%). As such (leaving heavy subsidies)
the cost of power generation of solar power is high.
There are other Renewable Energy systems which will bring in
rural prosperity quickly..
There is an annual deficit of about 10,000 MW in the country. We have not
crossed even 2 lakh MW since Independence. China added about 2 lakh MW in one
year. In the energy front Renewable Energy plays crucial role to supplement
Energy. The following Renewable Energy Projects and Energy Conservation are
urgently needed: On the Wind Energy side Wind Farm Co-operatives on the lines
in Denmark, Germany etc. Creating a Renewable Energy Fund with individuals
paying Income Tax can be exempted under section 80C with investment in this
fund. Thus there will be mass participation in Renewable Energy. In Denmark
every 5th person is a member of Renewable Energy Projects. Offshore Wind Farms
are yet to be started as they are hot favorites in urope. US,China,South
Korea,Taiwan etc. are going to build offshore wind farms in a big way. Also
crores of acres of waste lands in the country. In this Fast growing,regenerative,CAM
plants like Agave,Opuntia can be grown on a massive way which finds use as
inputs for Biofuel/Biogas and subsequent power generation. Unemployed youth
(about 10) can form Youth Economic Zone(like SEZ) and these youth can be
allotted each 10 acres waste land on lease basis. This way there will be
employment generation and waste land can be brought under cultivation. Also
Energy conservation and saving brings in quick results. In the country 2.6
crore Electric Agricultural pump sets exist. Most of these are old and
inefficient. In most of the states power for agriculture was nominal or nil.

These can be replaced by Advanced and Efficient Electric motors. A power saving
of 30% can be achieved. A subsidy of Rs 15000(out of cost of Rs 20,000 for 5 HP
Motor) can be given by Union/State Governments. A scheme can be chalked out.
These will give quick results. Electricity is a high grade energy which can be
used in Lighting, Industry etc. Power and Water are the major problems. It is
hoped, the Union Government gives highest priority to these two problems.
Narendramodiji,let us have an integrated approach to harness all renewables including
Energy conservation and saving without bias to Solar alone. Afterall it is all public
money that goes into subsidies of the solar systems,which should be used judiciously..
Put the RENEWABLES to WORK: To get inexhaustible pollution free energy which
cannot be misused.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 27 comments

UPower's Truck-Size Nuclear Power Plant

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 1 comments

Indias NaMo Picks His Team

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Narendramodiji has experienced and talented MPs and is expected to form a Cabinet
which stands for development.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 39 comments

How Modis speech at Central Hall signals a transition?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

I heard Shri Narendramodi's Speech. It is outstanding,emotional,sending signals of his


commitment for development with people's welfare at the Centre. We all hope and pray
that Shri Narendra Modi will be RAMA for Good and YAMA for Bad. Long live
Narendramodiji.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 11 comments

Indias new prime minister is big on solar power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good article.
There is an annual deficit of about 10,000 MW in the country. We have not crossed even
2 lakh MW since Independence. China added about 2 lakh MW in one year. In the
energy front Renewable Energy plays crucial role to supplement Energy. The following
Renewable Energy Projects and Energy Conservation are urgently needed: On the
Wind Energy side Wind Farm Co-operatives on the lines in Denmark, Germany etc.
Creating a Renewable Energy
Fund with individuals paying Income Tax can be exempted under section 80C with
investment in this fund. Thus there will be mass participation in Renewable Energy. In

Denmark every 5th person is a member of Renewable Energy Projects. Offshore Wind
Farms are yet to be started as they are hot favorites in urope. US,China,South
Korea,Taiwan etc. are going to build offshore wind farms in a
big way. Also crores of waste lands in the country. In this Fast
growing,regenerative,CAM plants like Agave,Opuntia can be grown on a massive way
which finds use as inputs for Biofuel/Biogas and subsequent power generation.
Unemployed youth
(about 10) can form Youth Economic Zone(like SEZ) and these youth can be allotted
each 10 acres waste land on lease basis. This way there will be employment generation
and waste land can be brought under cultivation. Also Energy conservation and saving
brings in quick results. In the country 2.6 crore Electric Agricultural pump sets exist.
Most of these are old and inefficient. In most of the states power for agriculture was
nominal or nil. These can be replaced by Advanced and Efficient Electric motors. A
power saving
of 30% can be achieved. A subsidy of Rs 15000(out of cost of Rs 20,000 for 5 HP
Motor) can be given by Union/State Governments. A scheme can be chalked out. These
will give quick results. Electricity is a high grade energy which can be used in Lighting,
Industry etc. Power and Water are the major problems. It is
hoped, the Union Government gives highest priority to these two problems.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 4 comments

Container vegetable gardening can provide fresh


homegrown produce in small spaces

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

I will try this as it is easy.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 1 comments

Auxano: Hydroponic Indoor Gardening Unit by Philip


Houiellebecq

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. I will try and polularise it.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 18 comments

Petomato repurposes plastic water bottles as micro


hydroponic gardens

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Wonderful. Once there was interest on POMATO,Potato + Tomato.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP) India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 1 comments

11 companies competing in the Sustainable Brands


Innovation Open

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

All are excellent and Innovative.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 4 comments

Harvesting The Sun to Light the Streets of Cairo

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 19 comments

Solar Likely To Become Dominant Source Of Electricity


Globally By 2050, IEA Forecasts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Wind,Biomass,Biofuel have also major energy providers for the future.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 5 comments

Narendra Modi Faces Test To Revive Indias Renewable


Energy Sector

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.

Here is an action plan for wide utilization of Renewables and Energy


conservation for the New Government headed by Narendramodi in India.
WIND FARM CO-OPERATIVES & OFFSHORE WIND FARMS:
For captive consumption of electricity, wind electricity is probably the cheapest option.If
one considers medium term horizon, together with benefits of CERs/ RECs,wind energy
would turn out to be the cheapest source of captive electricity
from the beginning. Total cost of ownership for wind farm is far lower than
that of captive plants based on conventional fuels.
Main strengths of wind energy projects are:
Enormous wind
energy potential across the globe,
Protection
against inflation or escalation in electricity
generation cost over the project life,
Ease of putting
up a wind farm,
Low operations
and maintenance requirements,
Scalability,
Short gestation
period and others.
As on 31 Jan 2014
the installed capacity of various Renewables are:
Wind 20293.83
MW
Small Hydropower
3774.15 MW
Biomass Power
& Gasification 1285.60 MW

Bagasse
Cogeneration 2512.88 MW
Waste to Power
99.08 MW
Solar Power
2208.36 MW
OFF-GRID/
CAPTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MWEQ)
Waste to Energy
119.63 MW
Biomass(non-bagasse)
Cogeneration 517.34 MW
Biomass Gasifiers
-Rural 17.63 MW
- Industrial
146.40 MW
Aero-Genrators/Hybrid
systems 2.18 MW
SPV Systems 159.77
Water mills/micro
hydel 10.18 (2547 nos)
Family Biogas
Plants (numbers in lakh)(1 Million = 10 Lakhs) 47.10
Solar Water
Heating Coll. Areas(million m2) 7.51
(Source:Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy,Government of
India).
Prognosis:

No doubt India occupies 5th Position in Wind Energy in the World after
China,US,Germany and Spain. The phenomenal success of Wind Power in Germany
and other Europen countries is through Wind Farm Co-operatives.
Community wind energy:
Community wind projects are locally owned by farmers, investors, businesses, schools,
utilities, or other public or private entities who utilize wind energy to
support and reduce energy costs to the local community. The key feature is that
local community members have a significant, direct financial stake in the
project beyond land lease payments and tax revenue. Projects may be used for
on-site power or to generate wholesale power for sale, usually on a
commercial-scale greater than 100 kW.
Cooperative
A wind turbine cooperative, also known as a wind energy cooperative, is a jointly owned
and democratically controlled enterprise that follows the cooperative model,
investing in wind turbines or wind farms. The cooperative model was developed
in Denmark. The model has also spread to Germany, the Netherlands and
Australia, with isolated examples elsewhere . In India Depreciation Benefits
are given to only big Industries investing in Renewables. Why not Government
give Income tax benefits to Individual tax payers who invest in a WIND FUND(to
be created by the Government) and give tax exemption under Section 80 C to
start windfarm co-operatives. This way there will be mass participation in Wind
Energy.
NEED FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN INDIA
Offshore wind power refers to the construction of wind farms in bodies of water to
generate electricity from wind. Better wind speeds are available offshore compared to on
land, so offshore wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied is higher.
However, offshore wind farms are relatively expensive.
Economics and benefits
Offshore
wind power can help to reduce energy imports, reduce air pollution and
greenhouse gases (by displacing fossil-fuel power generation), meet renewable

electricity standards, and create jobs and local business opportunities.


COST COMPARISON OF ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
Onshore
Investment
of about $1.5 million per MW
Levelized
cost of 6-7 cents per kWh
O&M
1-3% of capital costs
May be built in
smaller units
Offshore
Investment
of $2.3 million per MW
Levelized
cost of about 10-11 cents per kWh
Higher
O&M 40$ per kW and 0.7 cents per kWh variable
Large turbines and farms required
In spite of the higher costs and the uncertainties involved in offshore wind,
research in this sector has been significant, and the main reason is the
potential offered by offshore wind turbines, especially in lands close to water
.
At the end of 2011, there were 53 European offshore wind farms in waters off Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United
Kingdom, with an operating capacity of 3,813 MW,[ while 5,603 MW is under
construction. USA, China, South Korea, Taiwan, France and Japan have ambitious
plans to go in for offshore wind farms on a massive scale.

Length of coastline of India including the coastlines of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in
the Bay of Bengal and Lakshwadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea is 7517 km.
Thorough Wind studies have to be carried out along the coast to identify the prospective
offshore wind farm sites. Based on these studies a Pilot project can be started by MNRE
which will help as a Demonstration project.
Accurate wind measurements at the site are the constraint. Many a time wind data is
extrapolated to the hub height at sites where the wind turbines are to be
erected. In the US in California wind farm developers used to monitor
(Anemometers, Anemographs) in the past at the sites where wind turbines to be
erected (Now Wind Masts). This gives more or less reliable wind data and hence the
turbine output.Unfortunately in some cases Wind Farm developers can't wait for years to
measure the wind data(In some cases to avail the tax benefits
quickly) and hence correlate the nearest wind mast data. That is why there will
be variation in the output. Moreover terrain also plays an important role in
wind energy production.
Remote sensing measurement techniques enable measurements to hub height and
beyond. There are resource measurement technique using sodar and lidar which need
to be adopted in India along with at least 75 meter Wind masts.
In a vast country like India as alternative energy biofuel and Biogas for power generation
is the best option. India has vast area of waste land. Care-free growth plants which are
regenerative and CAM like Agave and Opuntia can be grown on a massive scale in
these waste lands. Biofuel and biogas can be obtained at local level. Mexico is pioneer
in it.
Agave is a CAM Plant. Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM
photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants
as an adaptation to arid conditions in a plant using full CAM, the stomata in
the leaves remains shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open
at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the four-carbon
acidmalate, and then used during photosynthesis during the day. The pre-collected CO2
is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency.
Agave and Opuntia are the best CAM Plants.
Agave Competitive Advantages

* Thrives on dry land/marginal land. Most efficient use of soil, water and
light
* Massive production. Year-around harvesting
* Very high yields with very low or no inputs
* Very high quality biomass and sugars
* Very low cost of production. Not a commodity, so prices are not
volatile
* Very versatile: biofuels, byproducts, chemicals
* World-wide geographical distribution
* Enhanced varieties are ready.
Another care-free growth plant is OPUNTIA.
ENERGY CONSERVATION IN ELECTRIC PUMPSETS- AP a CASE STUDY:
The salient features of power scenario are as under: POWER SCENARIO OF ANDHRA
PRADESH FOR 2007-08
INSTALLED CAPACITY 12047 MW
TOTAL ENERGY SALES 52677 MU
PEAK DEMAND 10048 MW
PEAK MET 9162 MW
PEAK DEFECIT / SURPLUS - 886 MW (- 8.8 %)
ENERGY DEFICIT / SURPLUS - 2628 MU (-4.1%)
Sector wise break up of energy sales in MU
(2007-08)
Public Water works & Sewage pumping 639.58 (1%)
Agriculture 15241.05 (29%)
Public Lighting 1934.87 (4%)
Industrial Power 19839.69 (37%)
Commercial 2736.85 (5%)
Domestic 10678.52 (20%)

Others 2246.77 (4%)


ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR The annual electricity
sale to agriculture sector is 15.24 BU. The major energy consumption is in the area of
energising agricultural pumps. The population of agricultural pumpsets is
around 2.60 million, accounting for a connected load of 9850 MW and annual
consumption of 14.48 BU. The energy saving potential assessment has been
carried out only for agricultural pumpsets, whereas other allied areas have not
been considered. The rating- wise population of agricultural pumpsets is as
follows:
Population of different sized agricultural pump-sets HP EPDCL SPDCL CPDCL NPDCL
Number of Pumps Connected Load (kW) %
3 36531 202539 128322 506213 873605 1955128 19.85
5 80620 304689 721338 287999 1394646 5202030 52.81
7.5 24943 69934 45404 27901 168182 940978 9.55
10 21711 51046 24990 29116 126863 946398 9.61
Over10 21795 39241 10327 15022 86385 805540 8.18
TOTAL 185600 667449 930381 866251 2649681 9850074 100.00
% 7.00 25.19 35.11 32.69 100.00
Based on several studies carried out on agricultural pumpset efficiency, it has
been found that the pump efficiency varies from 25-35% due to various factors.
By adopting BEE star lebelled agricultural pumpsets, the efficiency can be
enhanced upto 50-52%. It is estimated that, by replacement of existing pumps
with the BEE star labelled pumps, the achievable saving potential is 30-40% and
sectoral saving potential works out to be 4.34 BU per year.
(Source: State-wise Electricity Consumption & conservation Potential in
India, For BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY (BEE) Ministry of Power, Government of
India
Prepared by NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL (NPC) Energy Management Group
)
A Novel Scheme to replace Old and inefficient agricultural pumpsets:

Out of the 2.6 Million Agricultural pumpsets in the country many are old and inefficient.
The power tariff for farmers is minimal. Electricity is a high grade energy which is
needed in industries,domestic purposes,computers etc. A scheme can be
chalked out to replace the inefficient motors by Efficient ones. The cost of a
5 HP Electric motor costs about Rs 20,000 .A subsidy of Rs 15,000 can be
provided to replace these inefficient motors.This yields quick results and
Energy conservation is better than energy generation. Each Kwh saved is each
Kwh generated. About 30% of the Electricity consumption can be saved by replacing
Agricultural old pumpsets with advanced and efficient ones.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renmewable Energy
Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 3 comments

Chiranjeevi loses again in Seemandhra, brother gains


Modis support

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Chiranjeevi entered the last election with PRP with a bang but could get few seats only..
Any how he became a Union Minister - thanks to his party's merger with Congress. That
is Indian Politics !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
9 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 237 comments

Sonias real sacrifice: Destroying India to save Rahul

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

For Smt. Indira Gandhiji Son stroke cost the power and now the same for Smt. Sonia
Gandhiji.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 255 comments

Nitish Kumars resignation: how he became a victim of his


ego

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Being an Engineer much was expected from Shri Nitish Kumar. I feel sorry for his exit.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
5 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 3 comments

In Seemandhra, Chandrababu hands crushing defeat to


Jagan

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Now that Shri Chandrababu Naidu will become Chief Minister of Seemandhra after 9
years as Opposition leader and underwent padayathra(at a late age) to have first hand
knowledge of People's problems(Earlier having record of longest Chief Minister of AP),I
am sure he will concentrate on alround development of the State. TDP is an ally of the
ruling party at the Centre is an added advantage. Youth and middle classes besides

those under below poverty line are having great hopes on you Naidu Garu.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 13 comments

Election results 2014: Why Jagan was crushed by Naidus


TDP

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (8 July 1949 2 September 2009), popularly


known as YSR, was the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. He
represented the Indian National Congress party. He was elected to the 9th, 10th, 11th
and 12th Lok Sabha from the Kadapa constituency for four terms and to the Andhra
Pradesh Assembly for five terms from the Pulivendula constituency. He also holds the
record of not losing any election throughout his political career. Y.S.Jaganmohan Reddy
just completed one term as MP. To get into Chief Ministers seat it is a long way ..
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Trust 1 comments

World's largest solar park may face environmental hurdle

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The irony in India is hurdles and controversies arise after projects are sanctioned more
so in power projects !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Economic and Political Weekly 5 comments

Filling the Gaps: Rooftop Solar Projects in India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Instead of going in for Big Solar and other Renewable energy projects which face
controversies and time consuming,it makes sense to go for small projects like Rooftop
Solar,decentralised systems like Wind,Biomass,Biogas/biofuel etc. In India where
political will prevails on success of big projects,a classic example is linking Ganga Kavery rivers.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 2 comments

Huge Win for Narendra Modi, India's Next Prime Minister

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. It is a great victory to BJP and Narendramodi. Now that a stablee Government and
a proven leader heading it,the country is poised as great economic power in the world.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 6 comments

Take Two Herbs and Call Me in the Morning

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.

I visited China 5 times in the last 12 years. I could see Chinese herbal medicines sold
on the streets. Infact there was so much of wisdom in Traditional medical practices and
use of ayurveda and Homeopathy in India. It is a tragedy that the west took away some
of the traditional medical practices,synthesised them and sell back to India.While
pharmaceutical companies extract active ingredients from plants and sell them as
drugs, the benefits of medicinal plants cannot be replicated because their synergistic
combination of hundreds of naturally occurring phytochemicals cannot be reproduced in
laboratories.
This fact has been known to Ayurveda for thousands of years - the benefit comes from
using the whole plant, not just an isolated ingredient. Because they contain whole herbs
and fruits, Ayurvedic formulas are safer and more effective as opposed to Western
formulations which often times have harmful side effects.
Herbal drugs constitute a major
share of all the officially recognised systems of health in India viz.
Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Naturopathy, except Allopathy.
More than 70% of Indias 1.1 billion population still use these non-allopathic
systems of medicine. Indian medicinal plants also provide a rich source
for antioxidants that are known to prevent/delay different diseased states. The
antioxidant protection is observed at different levels. The medicinal plants
also contain other beneficial compounds like ingredients for functional foods.
Hence, the global knowledge about Ayurveda and Indian herbals will hopefully be
enhanced by information on the evidence-base of these plants.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on FIRSTPOST 49 comments

Ten years of Manmohan Singh: Good man, wrong job

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

A balanced and accurate assessment of Dr.Manmohan Singhji as Prime Minister.


Perhaps he is the Right person for the Job in the wrong time. Everybody acknowledges

his contributions as Finance Minister under Shri P.V.Narasimha Rao.Let us wish


Dr.Manmohan Singhji a pleasant retired life.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ILSR 5 comments

Half of Germanys 63,000 Megawatts of Renewable Energy


is Locally Owned

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article on Locally owned Renewable energy in Germany which is a fine


example.
In India most of the Renewable Installations are owned by big business houses and
Industries. That is why I have had been suggesting starting RENEWABLE ENERGY
CO-OPERATIVES better Wind Farm Co-operatives and Solar Co-operatives on the lines
of the ones in Denmark,Germany etc.
Australia
The Hepburn Wind Project is a wind farm at Leonards Hill near Daylesford, Victoria,
north-west of Melbourne, Victoria. It comprises two 2MW wind turbines which produce
enough power for 2,300 households. This is the first Australian community-owned wind
farm. The initiative has emerged because the community felt that the state and federal
governments were not doing enough to address climate change.
Canada
Community wind power is in its infancy in Canada but there are reasons for optimism.
One
such reason is the launch of a new Feed-in Tariff (FIT) program in the Province of
Ontario . A number of community wind projects are in development in Ontario but the
first project that is likely to obtain a FIT contract and connect to the grid is the Pukwis
Community Wind Park. Pukwis
will be unique in that it is a joint Aboriginal/Community wind project that will be majority-

owned by the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation, with a local renewable energy
co-operative (the Pukwis Energy Co-operative) owning the remainder of the project.
Denmark
In Denmark, families were offered a tax exemption for generating their own electricity
within their own or an adjoining commune. By 2001 over 100,000 families belonged to
wind turbine cooperatives, which had installed 86% of all the wind turbines in Denmark,
a world leader in wind power. Wind
power has gained very high social acceptance in Denmark, with the development
of community wind farms playing a major role. In 1997, Sams won a government
competition to become a model renewable energy community. An offshore wind farm
comprising 10 turbines (making a total of 21 altogether including land-based windmills),
was completed, funded by the islanders. Now 100% of its electricity comes from wind
power and 75% of its heat comes from solar power and biomass energy. An Energy
Academy has opened in Ballen, with a visitor education center.
Germany
In Germany, hundreds of thousands of people have invested in citizens' wind farms
across the country and thousands of small and medium sized enterprises are running
successful businesses in a new sector that in 2008 employed 90,000 people and
generated 8 percent of Germany's electricity. Wind power has gained very high social
acceptance in Germany, with the development
of community wind farms playing a major role.
In the German district of North Frisia there are more than 60 wind farms with a capacity
of about 700 MW, and 90 percent are community-owned. North Frisia is seen to be a
model location for community wind, leading the way for other regions, especially in
southern Germany.
The Netherlands
Sixty-three farmers in De Zuidlob, the southern part of the municipality of Zeewolde,
have entered into a cooperative agreement that aims to develop a wind farm of at least
108 MW. The project will include the installation of three phases of 12 wind turbines with
capacities of 3 to 4.5 MW each. The aim is to put the wind farm into service in 2012.
United Kingdom

As of 2012, there are 43 communities who are in the process of or already producing
renewable energy through co-operative structures in the UK. They are set up and run by
everyday people, mostly local residents, who are investing their time and money and
together installing large wind turbines, solar panels, or hydro-electric power for their
local communities.
United States
National Wind is a large-scale community wind project developer, with thirteen families
of
projects in development or operation. These projects have an aggregate capacity of
over 4,000 MW. The vision of the company is to revitalize rural economies by promoting
investment in domestic renewable energy resources. National Wind creates shared
ownership with communities and allows them participation in decisions which are made.
In March 2009, National Wind formed Little Rock Wind LLC, its 7th Minnesota-based,
community-owned wind energy company. The company will develop up to 150 MW of
wind power within Big Stone County, Minnesota, over the next 5 to 7 years.
Business models
Community shared ownership
In a community-based model, the developer/manager of a wind farm shares ownership
of the project with area landowners and other community members. Property owners
whose land was used for
the wind farm are generally given a choice between a monthly cash lease and
ownership units in the development. While some community wind projects, such as High
Country Energy in southern Minnesota, issued public shares after the projects
formation, investment opportunities are usually offered to local citizens before the wind
development is officially created.
Cooperative
A wind turbine cooperative, also known as a wind energy cooperative, is a jointly owned
and democratically controlled enterprise that follows the cooperative model, investing in
wind turbines or wind farms. The cooperative model was developed in Denmark. The
model has also spread to Germany, the Netherlands and Australia, with isolated
examples elsewhere.
Municipal

Some places have enacted policies to encourage development of municipally owned


and operated wind turbines on town land. These projects are publicly owned and tax
exempt. An example is the Hull
Wind One project in Massachusetts' Boston Harbor in 2001. A 660 kW wind turbine was
installed, and is still a great example of small scale commercial wind.
In India Incentives and Depreciation benefits are provided to big industries setting up
renewable energy projects. I suggest Government of India can float a RENEWABLE
ENERGY FUND where in contributions by individual income tax payers up to Rs 1
lakh(1 US$ = about Rs 60)can be exempted from tax under Section 80C. In this way
mass participation is there in Renewable Energy Projects.
Another area that needs immediate attention in India is Offshore Wind Farms. In Europe
there are large offshore wind farms in operation. Roughness of the sea being zero the
wind speeds on sea are about 30% more than nearby land (because of no obstacles
and free flow of wind towards the Wind Turbine). US,.China,Taiwan,Korea etc. have
ambitious plans to set up Offshore Wind Farms with large sized Wind Turbines.
India has vast coast. Already India occupies 5th position in the wind in the world. It is
high time the New Government will encourage Offshore Wind Farms in the country.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Wind Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ILSR 1 comments

Positive Policy Changes for Distributed Renewable Energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very thorough analysis.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ILSR 1 comments

Solar Costs and Grid Prices On a Collision Course

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent analysis.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 32 comments

Hempcrete startup kickstarts a new revolution in


sustainable green building in US

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.
In countries like Kenya,Lesotho etc. local people mix dried Agave pieces in concrete.
Since Agave has strong fibres it will act as binding. Agave is a care-free
growth,regenerative and CAM plant. Biofuel is also extracted from it. The fibre from
Agave is used in weaving clothes(DIP DRY).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

Floating solar power to supply electricity for Singapore

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Let us exhaust land for Solar power before embarking on floating solar power.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 8 comments

British Airways wants to test garbage-powered planes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.
Aviation biofuel is a biofuel used for aircraft. It is considered by some to be the primary
means by which the aviation industry can reduce its carbon footprint. After a multi-year
technical review from aircraft makers, engine manufacturers and oil companies,
biofuels were approved for commercial use in July 2011.Since then, some airlines have
experimented with using of biofuels on commercial flights. The focus of the industry has
now turned to second generation sustainable biofuels that do not compete with food
supplies.
The transport sector uses 60% of global oil production and has relied on
fossil-based liquid fuels for more than a century. Large-scale biofuel
production has been criticised for replacing food production and consuming
arable land. Hence, we should promote sustainable biofuel feedstocks growing on
non-arable land to produce future renewable bio energy in harmony with
continued food and fibre production.
At the 1900 Paris World Fair, German inventor Rudolph Diesel demonstrated his engine
powered by peanut oil.
Biofuels are not new, but many of the technologies are, and interest in renewable,
sustainable biofuels has recently been rising due to worry about peak oil and price
pressures, vulnerability of energy supplies, dependence on imports, and greenhouse
emissions.
Another potential bioethanol feedstock is agave (Agave spp.). Agave uses a type of
photosynthesis called Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM); agave plants open their
stomata (microscopic pores) at night and take up carbon dioxide in the dark to form
malic acid, which is then metabolised to release carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
during the following day. By closing the stomata during the day, less water is lost and

water use efficiency may be as much as six times greater than a C3 photosynthesis
species, such as wheat. Hence, agave is adapted to semi-arid land not suitable for food
production.
When the standards for biofuel use in commercial flights was approved July 1,2013
Mexico was ready to make the domestic Interjet and international AeroMexico flights a
possibility.
By 2015, the goal is to have 1% of all jet fuel in Mexico be biofuel, and by 2020,
15%, according to Gilberto Lopez Meyer, director of Airports and Auxiliary
Services (ASA)."This is a huge goal," Lopez said. "One percent
doesn't sound like a lot, but it equals more than 40 million liters (10.6
million gallons)."
Mexico has several things in its favor to become a leader in biofuels, he said. It has
plenty of land not being used for food, it has a high demand for energy, and it
is located next door to the energy-hungry United States.
"Mexico has made the very important first step to be in a very privileged place,"
Lopez said. Halfway across the world, researchers at Oxford recently published a study
extolling the benefits that ethanol derived from agave.
Agave can grow in arid land, and produces less than half of the carbon dioxide
emissions produced by corn-based ethanol according to Oliver Inderwildi, one of the
study's authors. Sugar-based ethanol produces even less emissions, but it needs arable
land for cultivation."We need every space we can get, every arable land, for food,"
Inderwildi said. "We think agave may be one part of the solution."
For their study, the researchers did a life-cycle analysis for the production of
ethanol based on a hypothetical plant in Jalisco, Mexico, where 90% of tequila
is produced. Potentially, agave plantations could boost local economies and create jobs,
Inderwildi said. Mexico, the native home of agave plants, stands to benefit if such an
ethanol industry takes off. Food prices would be spared, but would drinkers have to pay
more for their margaritas and tequila shots? The tequila business is very small
compared to the fuel business, and is also more expensive than fuel ethanol, so
Inderwildi predicts that alcohol prices would remain stable.
And unlike tequila, which requires the harvesting of the agave stem only, ethanol
production would also require harvesting the leaves of the plant. "Our
study backs up that this is a good idea from an environmental perspective," he said.

The catch, for now, is that neither jatropha or agave biofuel production is
cost-effective. But technological advances and oil prices make such
alternatives more desirable. When that tipping point comes, Mexico will be ready, the
experts said. But James Row, CEO of Houston-based Producers Energy and part
owner of a Mexican-based biodiesel company, told CNN that Mexico is still far from
being an ideal place to produce biofuels.
"Mexico is absolutely a perfect country for biodiesel, especially if it can be
domestically grown," he said, but the country's ejido system -- collectively-held land in
rural areas -- creates hurdles for private investment. The result is difficulty in finding
continuous large areas of rural land that can be negotiated for use for cultivation, or high
prices that make it cost prohibitive. Without land reform, issues with land availability will
continue, and Mexico will fall a decade or more behind other countries in the biofuels
sector, Row said. The demand is there, the land is there, but there is no way to get it, he
said. "Now is the time for Mexico to get its act together for biofuels," he said.
Algae fuel or algal biofuel is an alternative to fossil fuel that uses algae as its source of
natural deposits. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to
reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable.
Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases CO2 when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel,
algae fuel and other biofuels only release CO2 recently removed from the atmosphere
via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew. The energy crisis and the world food
crisis have ignited interest in algaculture (farming algae) for making biodiesel and other
biofuels using land unsuitable for agriculture. Among algal fuels' attractive
characteristics are that they can be grown with minimal impact on fresh water resources,
can be produced using saline and wastewater, have a high flash point and are
biodegradable and relatively harmless to the environment if spilled. Algae cost more per
unit mass than other second-generation biofuel crops due to high capital and operating
costs but are claimed to yield between 10 and 100 times more fuel per unit area. The
United States Department of Energy estimates that if algae fuel replaced all the
petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require 15,000 square miles (39,000 km2),
which is only 0.42% of the U.S. map, or about half of the land area of Maine. This is less
than 17 the area of corn harvested in the United States in 2000.
According to the head of the Algal Biomass Organization, algae fuel can reach price
parity with oil in 2018 if granted production tax credits. However, in 2013,Exxon Mobil
Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson said that after committing to spend up to $600 million

over 10 years on development in a joint venture with J. Craig Venters Synthetic


Genomics in 2009, Exxon pulled back after four years (and $100 million) when it
realized that algae fuel is "probably further" than 25 years away from commercial
viability. On the other hand, Solazyme and Sapphire Energy already began commercial
sales of algal biofuel in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and Algenol hopes to produce
commercially in 2014.
But in developing countries like India vast waste land is available. Agave can be
grown in them. Moreover Agave is a regenerative plant besides CAM Plant.
Another option for power through biogas is Opuntia.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Oobject 1 comments

9 non submarine periscopes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.
A periscope is an instrument for
observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that
prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position.
In its simplest form, it consists of an outer
case with mirrors at each end set parallel to
each other at a 45-degree angle. This form of periscope, with the addition of
two simple lenses, served for observation purposes in the trenches during World War I.
Military personnel also use
periscopes in some gun turrets and in armoured vehicles.
More complex periscopes, using prisms and/or advanced fiber
optics instead of mirrors, and providing magnification, operate on submarines and in
various fields of
science. The overall design of the classical submarine periscope is very
simple: two telescopes pointed into each other. If the two telescopes have

different individual magnification, the difference between them causes an


overall magnification or reduction.
Other than the 9 Applications mentioned, I
have the use of Periscope to reduce radiation effect from Computer Monitors, to
avoid road accidents while overtaking big vehicles like trucks ion narrow roads,
seeing TV in the opposite room with separate audio system. One can think of
some more uses of Periscope.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 32 comments

Cameras Instead of Mirrors? Not so Fast Says Experts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

There are other


innovative uses of Periscope. The Principle involved in Periscope is Re-reflection.
Periscope consists of Two plane mirrors inclined at 45 degrees angle. There is
a criticism that radiation affects from Computer Monitors after long exposure.
There are anti glare screens etc. I have a simple novel and Innovative method
to eliminate if not reduce radiation from Computer monitors. The Computer
Monitor is placed at the ground level on a stand and from the monitor a
Periscope projects on the working table with another end. The key board will be on the
working table. In this way radiation from Monitor travels in air,
strikes the plane mirror and then air and again strikes the plane mirror before we view
the contents on the monitor. Thus the radiation effect is almost eliminated. This system
costs nothing but highly useful.
Yet another application of Periscope: In developing countries schools only one TV will
be there for students to see and learn. When there are number of rooms, a Periscope is
projected opposite the TV in the First room to the next room. There will be a separate
audio system. Thus with One TV, people in Two rooms separated by a wall can see.

This way the student will appreciate the application of Periscope. We must educate the
students on the practical applications of different scientific devices they learn in the
class room so that they will appreciate and gives them inspiration to innovate.
Moreover the picture in a plane mirror will be clear without distortions. Normally we read
a book at inclination. The same provision occurs in the case of Periscope projection for
Computer monitors.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.
Using Periscope to Avoid Accidents while overtaking on narrow roads in developing
countries:
When a vehicle is following another on the road(Like a Truck or bus),
there is no provision to know whether any vehicle is coming in the opposite
direction. When the forward vehicle driver drives extreme left(in India), the
behind vehicle driver thinks that the way is clear. But sometimes it may be due
to a vehicle coming in the opposite direction. Thus there is the possibility of
accidents. Cant science avert this? There is convex mirror to know behind
objects but no provision to see ahead opposite coming vehicles.. I tried a PERISCOPE
to know forward coming unsighted objects. The Periscope is mounted on the right side
of each vehicle with small inclination to have more field of view. The driver can have an
idea about the unsighted objects while overtaking to avoid accidents. The metal
Periscope costs just 10 US$ but highly useful. In developing countries where the roads
are narrow, this device will go a long way to avoid accidents while overtaking.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CSP World 3 comments

Heliofocus commissions 1 MW phase of Orion CSP Dish


project

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great advancement.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CSP World 1 comments

After 30 years of CSP technology development, now we can


use it to burn poo

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Innovative approach.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CSP World 1 comments

Local manufacturing will reduce CSP costs by 30% in India


according to World Bank report

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Provided the World quality standards are met.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CSP World 2 comments

Gujarat, India, seeking to build a CSP plant for 24 hour


generation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good to note this,How about Implementation time?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CSP World 1 comments

India's JNNSM CSP program, An epic fail?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. CSP program under the National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in India is
rather slow. It often happens in India the Renewable Energy Targets and achievements
have wide gap. The serious problem for solar projects in Rahasthan is dust. Already
Solar PV efficiency is low and unless the panels are kept clean,solar PV will not be a
success. As far as India is concerned there are many states where solar insolation is
high and I wonder why only Rajasthan state which is dusty and where there is scarce
water is chosen for major solar programs.
State wise Solar PV Break Up as on March 9,2013 Capacity (MW)
Projects under JNNSM 0
Projects under the State Policy 824.09
Projects Under RPSSGP/GBI Scheme 0
Projects Under REC Scheme 0
Other projects 0
Total 824.09

In an effort to boost Indias slumping PV market, the Solar Energy


Corporation of India (SEIC) is planning to construct a 1GW PV factory in Andhra
Pradesh state.
Local press reported that the project is expected to be built on a 2,023 hectare site in
the Mahboobnagar district of the state and is expected to be operational in 18 to 24
months.
But the State is divided into Seemandhra and Telangana and Elections to the two states
are
over. Since the formation of the state ,administration,infrastructure and other
facilities take time,it is anybodys guess what will be the progress of Solar
PV in the two states.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Solar Power World 1 comments

Concentrated Solar Power: An Interview With The DOE

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent Interview on CSP. CSP is fast emerging.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNBC 2 comments

Offshore wind power: suck it and see

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article on Offshore Wind Farms.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 18 comments

How 2 students changed the way we think about cardboard


boxes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Innovation at its best.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Solar Power World 2 comments

Can India Go 100% Renewable by 2050?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

I am afraid it will be
the joke of the year.
In
India except WIND which was driven by liberal incentives by the Government no
other form of RENEWABLE energy made a mark. Even in wind, when the incentives
are slowly withdrawn, the progress is
slow.
Let us
analyse the Renewable Energy situation in India and its future
prospects.
Total
Renewable Energy Installed Capacity (December 2013)

Source
Total Installed Capacity (MW)
Wind
Power 20,149.50
Solar
Power (SPV) 2,180.00
Small
Hydro Power 3,763.15
Biomass
Power 1,284.60
Bagasse
Cogeneration 2,512.88
Waste
to Power 99.08
Total
29,989.21
Among
the Renewable Energy Sources, Wind made advancement in India.
In
India the growth of Wind Power was mainly driven by Accelerated depreciation.
This has been an accelerating factor in the wind energy in India which occupies
5th position Globally. It is a fact that this progressive policy has been
misused in some cases by Investors without paying attention to the
best
production from wind turbines. There should have been a policy to match the
subsidies with production of power.
Hitherto
the incentives for Wind Power are used by big industries. I have been
advocating extending the benefits to large section by going in for Wind Farm
Co-operatives. The Government of India can create a Renewable Energy Fund and
investments by Individuals can be exempted from Income Tax under Section 80C.
Another area that needs to be promoted in India is Offshore Wind Farms. India

has long coastline. Today Offshore Wind Farms are well established in Europe
and US, France, China, Korea etc.have ambitious plans to harness offshore Wind
Energy.
Another
area that can transform rural economy is biofuel/biogas from Agave and Opuntia
massive plantations in millions of hectares of waste lands in India. Both are
regenerative,CAM plants besides care-free growth. Mexico is pioneer in this.
Energy
Conservation yields immediate results. There are 2.6 Million agricultural pump
sets in the country. Most of these are inefficient and old. A scheme can
be chalked out to replace these old pump sets with advanced efficient
sets by giving a subsidy of Rs 15,000(out of Rs 20,000 per 5 HP Motor
set)(1 US $ = Rs 60). This yields immediate results. Electricity is a high
grade energy which finds use in Industry,lighting,computers etc. In many
states the power tariff for agriculture is nominal or nil. As such about 30%
power in the agricultural sector can be saved. Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated.
Let us
be realistic in projecting Renewables future in the country. Any progress both
industrially and socially depends on political will. There will be a Change of
Government at the Centre soon. It is the New Governments approach on Renewables
that determines the pace of Renewables. Even simple Box type solar cookers,
solar driers, Improved Chulhas,Wind chargers,solar street lights have not
penetrated in the rural areas despite push by the Government.
In
summary, Renewables at best can supplement Conventional Energy like
Petroleum,Gas etc. but cannot replace it in the near future. I will be happy if
Renewables can meet 20 to 25 % by 2030 and about 40% by 2050 given the
political stability in the country in the coming years. I am neither a
pessimist nor optimist but realist involved in the research and promotion of
Renewables for over 3 decades.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India

Renewable
Energy Expert
E-mail:
anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

The Self-Driving Car

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Self driving cars OK. If self Driving Trucks come on roads in a developing country like
India,drivers drink and sleep.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 6 comments

Dont freak out, but you may be drinking recycled toilet


water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

This follows the dictum, WASTE NOT WANT NOT. Water is a precious commodity.
Unfortunately in developing countries we waste it without reason in some cases.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 4 comments

Hemp Bound: A playbook for the next US agricultural


revolution

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent.
There is Agave a care-free growth plant which can be put to many uses:
Agave is a CAM Plant.Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM
photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an
adaptation to arid conditions in a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remains
shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect
carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the four-carbon acidmalate, and then
used during photosynthesis during the day. The pre-collected CO2 is
concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency.
Agave and Opuntia are the best CAM Plants.
Agave Competitive Advantages
* Thrives on dry land/marginal land. Most efficient use of soil, water and
light
* Massive production. Year-around harvesting
* Very high yields with very low or no inputs
* Very high quality biomass and sugars
* Very low cost of production. Not a commodity, so prices are not volatile
* Very versatile: biofuels, byproducts, chemicals
* World-wide geographical distribution
* Enhanced varieties are ready.
Agave fibre is used to weave clothes under trade name DIP
DRY in Philippines. The speciality of these fabrics is that Water wont stick
to it.
Also a steroid Hecogenin is extracted from Agave. Since it
has cellupose,agave can be input in paper making. Since it has fibrous material,
people cut the agave into pieces,dry it and mix it in Concrete in Kenya and
Lesotho.

Agave can be grown in huge areas of waste lands in Developing countries like India.
Another route of power production is biogas generation from Agave as well as Opuntia.
Biogas power generators are commercially available. This way power can be generated
at local level with local resources. Both agave and Opuntia are regenerative plants.
Yet another CAM plant is Opuntia for use in Biofuel/biogas for power production.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 15 comments

When it comes to the cost and power consumption of you


computer, How low can you go?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. Every Computer user should adopt this.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

Nigeria to get 3,000 MW of solar power and over 30,000


jobs from SkyPower FAS Energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excited to know this.


I visited Nigeria twice to chair sessions at Renewable energy Conferences at Abuja and
Ota. I could see the great potential of Renewable energy in the country.
Nigeria has a population of more than 155,989,000. It is the most populous country in
Africa, with more than 73 million living in urban areas.

Per capita emissions are relatively low, at about 0.64 tonnes of CO2per year.

Nigeria has one of the least energy-efficient economies in the world (ranking 21 out of
186 globally)1.
As the biggest oil producer in Africa, Nigerias economy is dominated by oil and gas.
Total CO2 in the energy sector are expected to grow by 2.2 per cent annually2.
Nigeria has implemented a variety of plans and policies with a view to scaling up
investment in renewable energy.
Resources are being mobilised under the Clean Technology Fund to improve access to
finance for energy efficiency and renewable energy roll-outs.
Renewable energy technologies (RETs) portend the best possibilities of connecting
isolated communities to the national grid and to induce local economic growth that
would
culminate in socio-economic development of the South-East and Nigeria in
general. Thus, a policy drive is needed to create the enabling environment for
RETs to thrive in the region.
There is severe power shortage in the country even in big cities like Abuja,Lagos
etc. Mostly Diesel Gensets operate in millions to provide power.
In the Rural areas there is great scope to popularize renewable energy gadgets like
Solar Cookers, Solar Driers,Solar Disinfection systems to provide safe drinking
water, solar reading lights,solar lanterns,small wind generators,microhydro
devices for low heads, solar mobile chargers etc.
Another promising area is to grow Agave for Biofuel and Opuntia for Biogas generation
and subsequent power generation in waste and vacant lands as both are care-free
growth plants besides CAM Plants to stabilize climate change. This way
decentralised power can be generated.
I visited Nigeria twice to chair sessions at Renewable energy Conferences at Abuja and
Ota. I could see the great potential of Renewable energy in the country.
Nigeria is endowed with abundance of renewable energy resources in solar, smallhydro,
biomass and wind. The South-East especially has a fair share of the overall
distribution of these RE resources that can be harnessed to stimulate economic

growth and social development of the zone. Incidentally, the deployment of RE


technologies in the region to exploit these renewable energy sources is yet to
attain any significant level; even though much has been said and written on
renewable energy given the staggering effects of climate change and ecological
degradation. The pre-study by NCERD-UNN corroborates this position as findings
show that only few RE systems (mainly solar) are deployed across the five
states of the zone (Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo) with little or no
socio-economic significance so far in the region. The pre-study also reveals
that the solar applications are used for lighting, water pumps or vaccine
refrigeration at local government headquarters under the auspices of the NPI.
Moreover, apart from the major-hydro dams with current supply of about 29%
nationwide afore-mentioned, no other renewable energy resource and not even the
small-hydro has made significant entry into the national grid or the South-East
zone of Nigeria.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Renewable Energy Expert
Andhra Pradesh
India
Pradesh
INDIA
E-mail:anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
5 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

U.S. Climate Report Predicts Growing Problems for Energy


Sector

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The answer massive de[deployment of Renewables.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 51 comments

Hemp is having its moment. Meet the miracle plants


biggest champion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

More than Hemp,Agave and Opuntia,care-free growth,regenerative CAM plants make


sense for Biofuel/biogas and power generation. These can be grown in waste lands
also. Developing countries should adopt biofuel/biogas route through Agave and
Opuntia. Besides biofuel and biogas these plants have multiple uses.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IndiaWaterPortal 2 comments

Patkhori village takes measures to sail through water crisis

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Inspiring. Local ingenuity at its best.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 72 comments

Night or day, this solar power plant always turns us on

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Big is bountiful.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 13 comments

CREE now sells a T8 fluorescent replacement LED that is


30% more efficient, lasts 50,000 hours

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Energy saving yields quick results. Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 14 comments

Could toilet flushes help power our homes?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

This is neither feasible nor practicable!


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 2 comments

Throw Out Your Parking Pass

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

These are answers to the adage,WHERE THERE IS A WHEEL THERE IS NO WAY!


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 3 comments

Polio eradicationa landmark achievement for India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes Polio eradication in India is something to be proud of. In this connection sustained
efforts by Government,private organisations and others need appreciation at Global
level.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ZME Science 2 comments

Tomtato or Pomato? Half potato, half tomato plant


increases crop efficiency

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent post on Pomato.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Standard Digital News 12 comments

Meet pomato, the plant that yields both potatoes, tomatoes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent story. Yes. Pomato has to be promoted on a massive scale as shelf life of
Tomato is short especially in Tropics(Hot Climate).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 11 comments

Priyanka Gandhi is no Indira Gandhi, yet

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Mrs. Indira Gandhiji was a shrewd and people's Prime Minister. Against odds ,she
bounced back and was unchallenged leader in her times. I rate Mrs. Indira Gandhiji as
the best Prime Minister we hand(long served).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 1 comments

Regional workshop on Water Resources Conservation:


Village Ponds and Lakes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent report on Regional workshop on Water Resources Conservation: Village


Ponds and Lakes organised by CSE. As usual CSE has done it exceedingly good. CSE
has been in the forefront in highlighting the water problems and suggesting effective
solutions besides bringing into lime light the wise and wonderful traditional methods of
water harvesting and storage. Congratulations CSE.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 2 comments

Gujarat v UPA: models of non-governance?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent Post. You are perfectly right Madam.


The Development in Gujarat portrayed by the
Gujarat Government and Media is confined to mostly Industrialisation and High
tech. In Poverty Alleviation Gujarat very much lagging behind.
India is basically a Agrarian country with Agrarian economy and
Gujarat State cannot be an exception. Side by side with Industrial Growth,
Farmers and poor prosperity should be ensured.
Let us first look at consumption expenditure, or
spending on goods and services. The percent of people in poverty (below the
cut-off) decreased from 2004-2005 to 2011-2012 in all states except three,
according to the planning commission's data and based on its definition of the
poverty line for different states.
State 2004-05
2011 12 % point decline % decline
Andhra Pradesh 29.9 9.2 20.7 69
Kerala 19.7 7.1 12.6 64
Tamil Nadu 28.9 11.3 17.6 61
Punjab 20.9 8.3 12.6 60
Rajasthan 34.4 14.7 19.7 57
Maharashtra 38.1 17.4 20.7 54
Haryana 24.1 11.2 12.9 54
Gujarat 31.8 16.6 15.2 48
But the extent of the decline varied across states,
and here, of all big states, Gujarat ranked 8th in percentage decline (column
4) of the percentage of people below the poverty line.

Here are some People's Policies for prosperity for


your consideration Narendra Modiji:
There are millions of acres of waste land in the
country. In this vast land care-free growth plants like Agave and Opuntia can
be grown. Both are CAM Plants and regenerative. Being CAM Plants they can act
as Carbon Sing when grown on a massive scale.There are several uses of these
plants. Agave thrives in desert regions and is traditionally used to produce
liquors such as tequila in Mexico. It has a rosette of thick fleshy leaves, each
of which usually end in a sharp point with a spiny margin. Commonly mistaken
for cacti, the agave plant is actually closely related to the lily and
amaryllis families. The plants use water and soil more efficiently than any
other plant or tree in the world, Arturo said. "This is a scientific
factthey don't require watering or fertilizing and they can absorb carbon
dioxide during the night.The plants annually produce up to 500 metric tons of
biomass per hectare, Agave(Americana),Sisal Agave is a multiple use plant which
has 10% fermentable sugars and rich in cellulose. The fibre is used in rope
making and also for weaving clothes in Philippines under the trade name
DIP-DRY. In Brazil a paper factory runs on sisal as input. A Steroid HECOGENIN
is extracted from this plant leaves. Since on putrification,it produces methane
gas, it can be cut and used as input in biogas plants. Also in Kenya and
Lesotho dried pieces of Agave are mixed with concrete since it has fibres which
act as binding.
Agave Competitive Advantages:
Thrives on dry land/marginal land. Most efficient
use of soil, water and light.
Massive production. Year-around harvesting.
Very high yields with very low or no inputs
Very high quality biomass and sugars
Very low cost of production. Not a commodity,
so prices are not volatile
Very versatile: biofuels, bioproducts, chemicals
World-wide geographical distribution

Enhanced varieties are ready


Biofuel,Biogas and subsequent power generation as
decentralised power utilising local resources and resourcefulness is the need
of the hour. About 10 acres of waste land can be given on lease to Unemployed
youth and 10 such youth can form a CO-OPERATIVE. This way vast wasteland can be
brought under use and provides employment in rural areas.
Also there are 2.6 Crores of Agricultural pumpsets
in the country which are old and inefficient. A scheme can be chalked out to
replace these old pumpsets with advanced efficient sets by giving a subsidy of
Rs 15,000(out of Rs 20,000 per 5 HP Motor set). This yields immediate results.
Electricity is a high grade energy which finds use in
Industry,lighting,computers etc. In many states the power tariff for
agriculture is nominal or nil. As such about 30% power in the agricultural
sector can be saved.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 45 comments

Arizonas enormous solar plant is up and running

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good to know about this Giant Solar Power plant.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 10 comments

What is kinetic energy? Can we harness it to power our


stuff?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Complicated and may not be feasible.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

This solar powered sherpa will carry your power load


(Review)

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Useful.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 5 comments

Solar Cooperatives Growing

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Why not Wind Co operatives in India?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IndiaWaterPortal 1 comments

Ancient engineering marvels Eris of Tamilnadu

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent!
Yes. There is a lot of wisdom in traditional water harvesting and storage methods which
needs to be revived by scientific study for adaptation.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 136 comments

How Japan Plans to Build an Orbital Solar Farm

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Let us promote solar on a massive scale on land before thinking of space.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Let us promote solar on a massive scale on land before thinking of space.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 3 comments

Bloomberg drops $5 million for off-grid solar lamp art in


Africa

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

"Solar power is the cheapest option for new electricity across much of the developing
world" , can there be more funny joke than this. I will site the example of solar
Energy(PV) in India. Solar PV is the costliest in India compatred to Wind,Biomass,Mini
and Microhydel. Solar PV efficiency is low(about 13%) and accumulation of dust on the
Solar PV panels is a big problem. Heavy subsidy is provided to Solar PV(Which is pblic
money).
For captive consumption of electricity, wind electricity is
probably the cheapest option. If one considers medium term horizon, together with
benefits of CERs/ RECs, wind energy would turn out to be the cheapest source of
captive electricity from the beginning. Total cost of ownership for wind farm is far lower
than that of captive plants based on conventional fuels.
Main strengths of wind energy projects are:
Enormous wind energy potential across the globe,
Protection against inflation or escalation in electricity
generation cost over the project life,
Ease of putting up a wind farm,
Low operations and maintenance requirements,
Scalability,
Short gestation period and others.
As on 31 Jan 2014 the installed capacity of various Renewables are:
Wind 20293.83
MW
Small Hydropower
3774.15 MW
Biomass Power & Gasification 1285.60 MW
Bagasse Cogeneration 2512.88 MW

Waste to Power
99.08 MW
Solar Power 2208.36 MW
OFF-GRID/
CAPTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MWEQ)
Waste to Energy 119.63 MW
Biomass(non-bagasse) Cogeneration 517.34 MW
Biomass Gasifiers
-Rural 17.63 MW
- Industrial 146.40 MW
Aero-Genrators/Hybrid systems 2.18 MW
SPV Systems 159.77
Water mills/micro hydel 10.18 (2547 nos)
Family Biogas Plants (numbers in lakh)(1 Million = 10 Lakhs) 47.10
Solar Water Heating Coll. Areas(million m2) 7.51
(Source:Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,Government of
India).
Prognosis:
No doubt India occupies 5th Position in Wind Energy in the World after
China,US,Germany and Spain. The phenomenal success of Wind Power in Germany
and other Europen countries is through Wind Farm Co-operatives.
Community wind energy:
Community wind projects are locally owned by farmers, investors, businesses, schools,
utilities, or other public or private entities who utilize wind energy to
support and reduce energy costs to the local community. The key feature is that
local community members have a significant, direct financial stake in the
project beyond land lease payments and tax revenue. Projects may be used for
on-site power or to generate wholesale power for sale, usually on a
commercial-scale greater than 100 kW.
Cooperative

A wind turbine cooperative, also known as a wind energy cooperative, is a jointly owned
and democratically controlled enterprise that follows the cooperative model,
investing in wind turbines or wind farms. The cooperative model was developed
in Denmark. The model has also spread to Germany, the Netherlands and
Australia, with isolated examples elsewhere . In India Depreciation Benefits are given to
only big Industries investing in Renewables. Why not Government give Income tax
benefits to Individual tax payers who invest in a WIND FUND(to be created by the
Government) and give tax exemption under Section 80 C to start windfarm cooperatives. This way there will be mass participation in Wind Energy.
NEED FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN INDIA
Offshore wind power
refers to the construction of wind farms in bodies of water to generate
electricity from wind. Better wind speeds are available offshore compared to on
land, so offshore wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied is
higher. However, offshore wind farms are relatively expensive.
Economics and benefits
Offshore
wind power can help to reduce energy imports, reduce air pollution and
greenhouse gases (by displacing fossil-fuel power generation), meet renewable
electricity standards, and create jobs and local business opportunities.
COST
COMPARISON OF ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
Onshore
Investment
of about $1.5 million per MW
Levelized
cost of 6-7 cents per kWh
O&M
1-3% of capital costs
May be built in smaller units
Offshore

Investment
of $2.3 million per MW
Levelized
cost of about 10-11 cents per kWh
Higher
O&M 40$ per kW and 0.7 cents per kWh variable
Large
turbines and farms required
In spite of the higher costs and the uncertainties involved in offshore wind,
research in this sector has been significant, and the main reason is the
potential offered by offshore wind turbines, especially in lands close to water .
At the end of 2011, there were 53 European offshore wind farms in waters off Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the
United Kingdom, with an operating capacity of 3,813 MW,[ while 5,603 MW is
under construction
USA, China, South Korea, Taiwan, France and Japan have ambitious plans to go in for
offshore wind farms on a massive scale.
Length of coastline of India including the coastlines of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in
the Bay of Bengal and Lakshwadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea is 7517 km. Length of
Coastline of Indian mainland is 6100 km.
Thorough Wind studies have to be carried out along the coast to identify the prospective
offshore wind farm sites. Based on these studies a Pilot project can be started
by MNRE which will help as a Demonstration project.
Accurate wind measurements at the site are the constraint. Many a time wind data is
extrapolated to the hub height at sites where the wind turbines are to be
erected. In the US in California wind farm developers used to monitor
(Anemometers, Anemographs) in the past at the sites where wind turbines to be
erected (Now Wind Masts). This gives more or less reliable wind data and hence
the turbine output.Unfortunately in some cases Wind Farm developers can't wait
for years to measure the wind data(In some cases to avail the tax benefits
quickly) and hence correlate the nearest wind mast data. That is why there will

be variation in the output. Moreover terrain also plays an important role in


wind energy production.
Remote sensing measurement techniques enable measurements to hub height and
beyond. There are resource measurement technique using sodar and lidar which need
to be adopted in India along with at least 75 meter Wind masts.
Another area of great promise for India is to grow Care-free growth plants like Agave
and Opuntia for biofuel/biogas and subsequent power. Both are regenerative and CAM
Plants which can act as Carbon Sink.These plants can be grown on a massive scale in
waste lands. This will help to bring waste land under cultivation besides provides
employment. Decentralised Biofuel and biogas plants can be set up in rural areas.
Mexico is pioneer in this. Recently 1 MW Biogas power plant with input from Opuntia
was commissioned in Mexico.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 13 comments

How B. Jayant Baliga Transformed Power Semiconductors

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP)
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on NitiCentral 3 comments

Why Mahatma Gandhi would have burnt Aadhar cards

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The criticism on Aadhaar amounts to WHERE IS AADHAAR for Aadhaar?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on The Alternative 1 comments

UID Aadhaar card: Best finger first, but lets now scan the
eye

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. Some of the deficiencies of Aadhaar Cards highlighted.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 3 comments

Photo Essay: Farming on the Frontlines in Gaza

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Amazing.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

Pistachio shells to heat Turkish city

Anumakonda Jagadeesh coati-boy a year ago

I agree.

EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 20 comments

Dudley Buck's Forgotten Cryotron Computer

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great story on Dudley


Buck and his inspiring work on computers using
superconducting magnetic switches in the early days of Computers.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 1 comments

Show your love for renewable energy it's


#iheartrenewables week

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent collection on Renewables.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 8 comments

Build this open source DIY wind turbine for $30

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Innovative and Excellent.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Wind Energy Expert
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 22 comments

Tiny portable vertical wind turbine charges USB devices

Anumakonda Jagadeesh Solomon Parker a year ago

Mr.wiredforstereo :
Please note that some technologies work in certain period. For Examples water
pumping windmills were very popular in the past. With the advent of Electricity their
usage almost vanished. In Lasithi(Greece) I have seen at one place 10,000 Water
Pumping windmills rusted being out of use.VAWT like Savonius and Darrius are omni
directional wind turbines. Savonius rotor is simple in design. One can cut a drum into
two pieces and use them as blades. With low RPM Generators available in the market,it
makes sense to revive Savonius Rotors in developing countries for battery charging.
Don't you know Mr.Expert is not a proper name,sorry for your ignorance.
2 EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. But 15 W is of no use. Just to charge Mobiles you


have excellent Solar Mobile chargers with dual power (USB). The Company should
scale it up to 100 Watts with suitable Generator (Low RPM). Then this will be
very popular as decentralised energy system. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine like
this can intercept wind coming from any direction without YAWING. When I was in
Denmark, I designed a Savonius Wind Rotor with Concentrator for Battery
charging.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

Wind Energy Expert


4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 37 comments

U.N. climate report was censored

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Is it so? Can such things happen at that level? God save the World from Catastrophe.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 8 comments

New Eggbeater VAWT Design Claims 35% More Power than


Competitors

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 14 comments

Plant these 6 perennial vegetables once, and reap their


harvest, year after year

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Informative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

Hydroponic farm in Brooklyn serves up fresh veggies for


food bank

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. Once there was interest in Hydroponics(Cultivation without soil) in India.


Today the vegetable prices are quite high and often fresh vegetables are not available. I
am working on Hydroponics structures which are adoptable and affordable for wider
usage in India.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 9 comments

White Light, Stored Heat

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 132 comments

How to Work with Someone You Hate

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

It is a usual thing.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 3 comments

Managing Creativity: Lessons from Pixar and Disney


Animation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Tequila Sunrise: Big Benefit from Co-Locating Agave Crops


and Solar Power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Innovative. Earlier


in Wind Farms low rise plants were grown so that they won't affect air motion.
I have had been advocating Agave and Opuntia to be grown in Waste lands on a
massive way. Both are care-free growth plants. Biofuel/biogas can be generated on a
sustained basis as both are regenerative and CAM Plants From biogas power
generation can be done on a large scale as MW size Biogas power plants are available
commercially from China,Germany,etc. Recently 1MW Biogas power plant from Opuntia
was commissioned in Mexico..Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM
photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an
adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain

shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon
dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the four-carbon acid malate, and then used during
photosynthesis during the day. The
pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing
photosynthetic efficiency
Agave has multiple uses:
Good article. The main drawback for wider
application of Biofuels is input. There was a big movement for biofuel from
Jatropha in India but in reality not much has been achieved. Agave(Americana),Sisal
Agave is a multiple use plant which has 10% fermentable sugars and rich in cellulose.
The fibre is used in rope making and also for weaving clothes in Philippines under the
trade name DIP-DRY. In Brazil a paper factory runs on sisal as input. A Steroid
HECOGENIN is extracted from this
plant leaves. Since on purification, it produces methane gas, it can be cut and
used as input in biogas plants. Also in Kenya and Lesotho dried pieces of Agave
are mixed with concrete since it has fibres which act as binding. Here is an
excellent analysis on Agave as a biofuel: Agave shows potential as biofuel
feedstock, Checkbiotech, By Anna Austin, February 11, 2010: 'Mounting interest
in agave as a biofuel feedstock could jump-start the Mexican biofuels industry,
according to agave expert Arturo Valez Jimenez. Agave thrives in Mexico and is
traditionally used to produce liquors such as tequila. It has a rosette of
thick fleshy leaves, each of which usually end in a sharp point with a spiny
margin. Commonly mistaken for cacti, the agave plant is actually closely
related to the lily and amaryllis families. The plants use water and soil more
efficiently than any other plant or tree in the world, Arturo said. 'This is a
scientific fact they don't require watering or fertilizing and they can absorb
carbon dioxide during the night,' he said. The plants annually produce up to
500 metric tons of biomass per hectare, he added. Agave fibers contain 65
percent to 78 percent cellulose, according to Jimenez. 'With new technology, it
is possible to breakdown over 90 percent of the cellulose and hemi cellulose
structures, which will increase ethanol and other liquid biofuels from lingo cellulosic
biomass drastically,' he said. 'Mascoma is assessing such technology.'
Opuntia for Biofuel/Biogas

Another plant of great use is OPUNTIA for biogas production. The cultivation of
nopal((OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA), a type of cactus, is one of the most important in
Mexico. According to Rodrigo Morales, Chilean engineer, Wayland biomass, installed on
Mexican soil, 'allows you to generate inexhaustible clean energy.' Through the
production of biogas, it can serve as a raw material more efficiently, by example and by
comparison with jatropha. Wayland Morales, head of Elqui Global Energy argues that
'an acre of cactus produces 43 200 m3 of biogas or the equivalent in energy terms to
25,000 liters of diesel.' With the same land planted with jatropha, he says, it will produce
3,000 liters of biodiesel. Another of the peculiarities of the nopal is biogas which is the
same molecule of natural gas, but its production does not require machines or devices
of high complexity. Also, unlike natural gas, contains primarily methane (75%), carbon
dioxide (24%) and other minor gases (1%), 'so it has advantages from the technical
point of view since it has the same capacity heat but is cleaner, 'he says, and as sum
datum its calorific value is 7,000 kcal/m3. Biogas power generators from KW to MW size
are
available from China and Vietnam. Agave and Opuntia can be grown on a massive
scale in wastelands in developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 3 comments

The Garbage Eaters

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding article on Garbage and how to tackle it.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Energy Efficiency Grows as Clean Energy Investment


Falters

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. Yes. Energy conservation yields immediate results than energy generation.
Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated.
I am presenting a case study of Energy saving in Electric Pumpsets in Andhra Pradesh:
OVERVIEW
The salient features of power scenario are as under: POWER
SCENARIO OF ANDHRA PRADESH FOR 2007-08
INSTALLED CAPACITY
12047 MW
TOTAL ENERGY SALES
52677 MU
PEAK DEMAND
10048 MW
PEAK MET
9162 MW
PEAK DEFECIT / SURPLUS
- 886 MW (- 8.8 %)
ENERGY DEFICIT / SURPLUS
- 2628 MU (-4.1%)
Sector wise break up of energy sales in MU
(2007-08)
Public Water works & Sewage pumping 639.58 (1%)
Agriculture
15241.05 (29%)

Public Lighting
1934.87 (4%)
Industrial Power
19839.69 (37%)
Commercial
2736.85 (5%)
Domestic
10678.52 (20%)
Others 2246.77 (4%)
ENERGY
SAVING POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR The annual electricity sale to
agriculture sector is 15.24 BU. The major energy consumption is in the area of
energising agricultural pumps. The population of agricultural pumpsets is around 2.60
million, accounting for a connected load of 9850 MW and annual consumption of 14.48
BU.The energy saving potential assessment has been carried out only for
agricultural pumpsets, whereas other allied areas have not been considered. The
rating- wise population of agricultural pumpsets is as follows:
Population
of different sized agricultural pump-sets HP
EPDCL
SPDCL
CPDCL
NPDCL
Number of Pumps
Connected Load (kW)
%
3
36531
202539
128322

506213
873605
1955128
19.85
5
80620
304689
721338
287999
1394646
5202030
52.81
7.5
24943
69934
45404
27901
168182
940978
9.55
10
21711
51046
24990
29116
126863
946398
9.61

Over10
21795
39241
10327
15022
86385
805540
8.18
TOTAL
185600
667449
930381
866251
2649681
9850074
100.00
%
7.00
25.19
35.11
32.69
100.00
Based on several studies carried out on agricultural pumpset efficiency, it has been
found that the pump efficiency varies from 25-35% due to various factors. By
adopting BEE star lebelled agricultural pumpsets, the efficiency can be
enhanced upto 50-52%. It is estimated that, by replacement of existing pumps
with the BEE star labelled pumps, the achievable saving potential is 30-40% and
sectoral saving potential works out to be 4.34 BU per year.

(Source: State-wise Electricity Consumption & conservation Potential in India, For


BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY (BEE) Ministry of Power, Government of India )
Prepared by NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL (NPC) Energy Management Group
)
A Novel Scheme to replace Old and inefficient agricultural pumpsets:
Out of the 2.6 Million Agricultural pumpsets(in India) many are old and inefficient. The
power tariff for farmers is minimal. Electricity is a high grade energy which is
needed in industries,domestic purposes,computers etc. A scheme can be chalked
out to replace the inefficient motors by Efficient ones. The cost of a 5 HP
Electric motor costs about Rs 20,000(I US$ equal to about Rs 60) .A subsidy of
Rs 15,000 can be provided to replace these inefficient motors.This yields quick
results and Energy conservation is better than energy generation. Each Kwh
saved is each Kwh generated.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Spiders Prompt Mazda to Recall Cars for Software Update

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Is this such a serious problem? Can Spiders thrive at that temperature?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Scientists Discover Efficient Way to Turn Carbon Monoxide


Into Ethanol

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.
Chemists at the University of California, San Diego have demonstrated the feasibility of
exploiting sunlight to transform a greenhouse gas into a useful product.
Clifford Kubiak,professor of chemistry and biochemistry, and his graduate student Aaron
Sathrum have developed a prototype device that can capture energy from the sun,
convert it to electrical energy and split carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide (CO) and
oxygen.
For every mention of CO2 splitting, there are more than 100 articles on splitting water to
produce hydrogen, yet CO2 splitting uses up more of what you want to put a dent into,
explained Kubiak. It also produces CO, an important industrial chemical, which is
normally produced from natural gas. So with CO2 splitting you can save fuel, produce a
useful chemical and reduce a greenhouse gas.
Although carbon monoxide is poisonous, it is highly sought after. Millions of pounds of it
are used each year to manufacture chemicals including detergents and plastics. It can
also be converted into liquid fuel.
A research team at the University of Illinois at Chicago is on track to developing a lowcost method for reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, which puts it one step
away from creating synfuels including synthetic gasoline. The secret sauce is the use of
carbon nanofibers in combination with another catalyst.
If the new UIC carbon reduction system bears out on a commercial scale, it would
provide a direct financial incentive for carbon emitters to capture and reclaim
carbon dioxide as a valuable byproduct, rather than enabling it to enter
the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas.
If the new UIC carbon reduction system bears out on a commercial
scale, it would provide a direct financial incentive for carbon emitters to
capture and reclaim carbon dioxide as a valuable byproduct, rather than
enabling it to enter the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas.

That discovery could turn out to be the eureka moment for the
UIC team as described by UICs Bijandra Kumar, who co-first-authored the
research paper (just published online in Nature Communications and slated for
the print edition, too):
one can imagine that using atomically-thin,
two-dimensional graphene nano-sheets, which have extremely high surface area
and can easily be designed with dopant atoms like nitrogen, we can develop even
far more efficient catalyst systems.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore (AP), India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Mother Jones 89 comments

Here's Why We're Spending Less on Renewable Energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting analysis.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 1 comments

Shine On, Tiny Little Star

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very inspiring story on nuclear Fusion.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Newsweek 4 comments

Its a Wind-Wind Situation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting analysis of Wind Turbines and Storms.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 97 comments

Spider lessons: How to mend your body with silk

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Bio mimicking at its best.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 2142 comments

Wireless electricity? It's here

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding innovation.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 221 comments

5 biometric alternatives to the password

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting.
Anyone with an iPhone 5 can use its fingerprint reader to unlock the device and pay for
apps or music in Apples iTunes store. Owners of Samsungs latest flagship device, the
Galaxy S5 smartphone, which launches on April 11, will be able to make much broader
use of their fingerprints to pay for things. If they visit a website or app that accepts
PayPal using the device, they can authorize payments by swiping a finger across the
phones home button. And PayPals own mobile app can be used to pay for goods in
some physical stores in the U.S.
Fingerprint payments are likely to be offered on many more smartphones in the near
future. The Galaxy S5s payments system is the first commercial deployment of a new
protocol developed by the FIDO Alliance, a group founded by tech companies to end
our reliance on insecure passwords (see PayPal, Lenovo Launch Campaign to Kill the
Password). Indeed, fingerprint readers are expected to become commonplace on
mobile devices over the next year or so.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Reviving Nepal with hybrid tomatoes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

In the past there was POMATO a cross of Tomato and Potato(Potato normally grows
inside the ground) Tomato above the Ground. The end product has more longevity. Also
there was Winged Bean(Improvement of Soybean) where every part of the plant is
edible,roots,leaves,and pods.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Do traffic-related deaths get the attention they deserve?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. It is ture.
Air pollution is an underestimated scourge that kills far more people than AIDS and
malaria and a shift to cleaner energy could easily halve the toll by 2030, U.N. officials
said on Tuesday.
Investments in solar, wind or hydropower would benefit both human health and a drive
by almost 200 nations to slow climate change, blamed mainly on a build-up of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from use of fossil fuels, they said.
"Air pollution is causing more deaths than HIV or malaria combined," Kandeh Yumkella,
director general of the U.N. Industrial Development Organization, told a conference in
Oslo trying to work out new U.N. development goals for 2030.
Most victims from indoor pollution, caused by wood fires and primitive stoves in
developing nations, were women and children.
He suggested that new U.N. energy goals for 2030 should include halving the number of
premature deaths caused by indoor and outdoor pollution.
Here are the ways to reduce Air Pollution(United States Environmental Protection
Agency):
Ways to Reduce Air Pollution
We make choices everyday that can help reduce air pollution. Below are a few ideas
that you can take to help clean our air.
At Home
Conserve energy - turn off appliances and lights when you leave the room.
Recycle paper, plastic, glass bottles, cardboard, and aluminum cans. (This conserves
energy and reduces production emissions.)

Keep woodstoves and fireplaces well maintained. You should also consider replacing
old wood stoves with EPA-certified models. Visit www.epa.gov/burnwise.
Plant deciduous trees in locations around your home to provide shade in the summer,
but to allow light in the winter.
Buy green electricity-produced by low-or even zero-pollution facilities.
Connect your outdoor lights to a timer or use solar lighting.
Wash clothes with warm or cold water instead of hot.
Lower the thermostat on your water heater to 120F.
Use low-VOC or water-based paints, stains, finishes, and paint strippers.
Test your home for radon-a dangerous, radioactive gas that is odorless and tasteless. If
the test shows elevated levels of radon, the problem can be fixed cost effectively.
Visit www.epa.gov/radon.
Choose not to smoke in your home, especially if you have children. If you or your visitors
must smoke, then smoke outside. Visit www.epa.gov/smokefree.
Buy Smart
Buy ENERGY STAR products, including energy efficient lighting and appliances. They
are environmentally friendly products. For more information, visit www.energystar.gov or
call 1-888-STAR-YES.
Choose efficient, low-polluting models of vehicles. Visit www.epa.gov/greenvehicles.
Choose products that have less packaging and are reusable.
Shop with a canvas bag instead of using paper and plastic bags.
Buy rechargeable batteries for devices used frequently.
Drive Wise
Plan your trips. Save gasoline and reduce air pollution.
Keep tires properly inflated and aligned.
In the summertime, fill gas tank during cooler evening hours to cut down on evaporation.
Avoid spilling gas and don't "top off" the tank. Replace gas tank cap tightly.
Avoid waiting in long drive-thru lines, for example, at fast-food restaurants or banks.
Park your car and go in.
When possible, use public transportation, walk, or ride a bike.

Get regular engine tune ups and car maintenance checks (especially for the spark
plugs).
Use an energy-conserving (EC) grade motor oil.
Ask your employer to consider flexible work schedules or telecommuting.
Report smoking vehicles to your local air agency.
Join a carpool or vanpool to get to work.
For Your Health
Check daily air quality forecasts, which tell how clean or polluted your air is, and the
associated health concerns. Visit www.airnow.gov.
Remove indoor asthma triggers from your home and avoid outdoor triggers in order to
effectively control your asthma. Visit www.epa.gov/asthma to learn more about asthma
triggers and ways to avoid them.
Minimize your sun exposure. Wear sun block and UV protection sunglasses. To find out
about current forecasts of UV where you live, go to www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvindex.ht....
Our Motto: Let us live in harmony with nature and let us not LOOT and POLLUTE
nature.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 23 comments

As if the ozone hole werent enough, now theres a hole in


the troposphere

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Alarming news.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 5 comments

It's solar solar! New process uses sun's energy for


producing photovoltaic materials

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Innovative approach.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 5 comments

Kids need parents to enforce limits when it comes to


screen time

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. I agree. Infact in India most of the school going children are addicts to Internet
especially games.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

Trees may play a big role in the future of energy storage

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting and informative article.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

UN to launch innovation training for governments

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very good move.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

US innovation partnership aims to end extreme poverty

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent post. Yes. There must be collaboration between advanced Nations like US and
developing countries in Africa to foster Innovations in the latter.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Secrecy among Kenyan firms may be impeding innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very good post. One need not be secretive in discussing about his invention lest it will
be copied. An IMITATOR can never overtake the INNOVATOR.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Hybrid Vehicles Are Perfect Fit for Traffic Jams of India and
China

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Do already congested Roads in China and India need more cars that too hybrid? A day
may come, WHERE THERE IS A WHEEL, THERE IS NO WAY !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Nanomaterials Improve Both the Anode and Cathode of Liion Batteries

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Seaweed forests could help power tropical islands

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

So are Agave and Opuntia,both care-free growth plants,which are regenerative,CAM


and which can be used in Biofuel and biogas production and subsequent power
generation. These can be grown in huge waste lands in developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Polymer Nanofibers Could Beat the Heat in Chips

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great research. Congratulations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 388 comments

Top-Selling Cars In Norway Now Electric Cars (Two Months


In A Row) 4 Reasons Why

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Solar Love 11 comments

Solar Energy & Solar Power Facts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Solar energy has a long way to catch up Wind Energy around the Globe.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 7 comments

Top Wind Power Countries Per GDP (CleanTechnica


Exclusive)

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very useful information on Wind Energy.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 25 comments

Top Wind Power Countries Per Capita (CleanTechnica


Exclusive)

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding post.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 1 comments

Wind Energy Facts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent information on Wind Energy. Very Useful.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 12 comments

Poles Want To Switch To Renewable Energy Sources

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

There is excellent scope to harness Renewables in Poland. I visited that country.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 8 comments

This Texas man is fighting the drought one tank of


rainwater at a time

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. It should be adopted in developing countries.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Environment Portal 1 comments

From 200,000 to zero: the journey to a polio-free India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. India has done well in eradicating Polio.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 16 comments

2013 Wind Energy Installations Stall In US, Surge In China

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Interesting Statistics on Wind.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

Why does the Netherlands have so many bicyclists?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. Bicycle usage is very high in Netherlands. I visited Netherlands and could see
people preferring bicycles to cars in some cases.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Academic Inventions Funded by Industry Benefit


Innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article on Industry funded academic inventions. Many a times Academic


Institutions need huge funding which industry alone can sponsor. This interaction will
help foster inventions and innovations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 99 comments

Please, scientists: Tell us how you really feel about climate


change

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
5 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 4 comments

Facebook wants to use solar drones to bring internet


access to the world

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

No doubt looks fine. But it should not be Inter(mitte)net !


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 20 comments

Earths Infrared Radiation: New Renewable Energy


Frontier?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

It is too early to confirm its utility.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 3 comments

Ghana to get giant solar parks and solar factory

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Glad that more and more African countries are going in for Solar Projects. Will Wind
Projects lag behind?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 5 comments

What can frugal innovation do for development?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting.
Our Centre has been involved in Science and Technology, Energy and Environment
projects since two decades. Ours is a 3 D approach, DESIGN, DEMONSTRATE AND
DISSEMINATE. We have many innovative devices like Vertical and Cylindrical Solar
Water Heater, Simple Solar Drier, Power from Pumped water, Energy conservation in
Pump sets, Pedal operated Battery charger, Multiple uses of gas stove, pedal operated
washing
machine,Air cum water cooler,Horizontal table fan, solar disinfection of water
unit etc. We have not taken out any patent on our innovative devices and are
willing to share the technology for developing countries especially the rural
areas.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
Blog: http://www.drjagadeeshncda.blo...

EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Interesting article on Frugal Innovation.


Are the designers of this gadget crazy? A hand pump costs $ 15, 000 and the
device $ 500 !!
For this price they can as well replace the pump when it comes for
repairs with a new one. Any ideas developed outside developing countries to
solve the local problems will meet with limited success. Technology is CULTURE
SPECIFIC.
There are best brains everywhere including Africa. Let the Technologists
study the problem and find solutions with local knowledge. We have a
Notion in Developing countries that RURAL IS BAD, URBAN IS BETTER and
FOREIGN IS THE BEST! It is not the case always. I will illustrate this with an
example.In India during 80s 50 Wind Turbines were imported at an exorbitant
cost and installed across the country under a Demonstration Program. None
worked beyond a year. On the other hand an "UNEDUCATED" technician
used Palm tree trunk as tower, designed his own wooden blades and changed the
automobile generator windings ( to have low rpm) and fitted near the sea coast at
Mandapam in Tamil Nadu,India. He uses the power for a mall fridge, radio and
Fluorescent light (in 80s). I visited the site in 1990 and again in 2000,it was working. In
fact Blade design is such a sophisticated job, only few companies in the world make
them. One should not ignore the local ingenuity in solving the problems.
Our Centre has been involved in Science and Technology, Energy and Environment
projects since two decades. Ours is a 3 D approach, DESIGN, DEMONSTRATE AND
DISSEMINATE. We have many innovative devices like Vertical and Cylindrical Solar
Water Heater, Simple Solar Drier, Power from Pumped water, Energy conservation in
Pump sets, Pedal operated Battery charger, Multiple uses of gas stove, pedal operated
washing machine,Air cum water cooler,Horizontal table fan, solar disinfection of water
unit etc. We have not taken out any patent on our innovative devices and are willing to
share the technology for developing countries especially the rural areas.

Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/anumak...
Blog: http://www.drjagadeeshncda.blo...
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Mobile technology improves water access in Rwanda

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Are
the designers of these gadget crazy? A hand pump costs & 15, 000 and the
device $ 500 !!
For this price they can as well replace the pump when it comes
for repairs with a new one. Any ideas developed outside developing countries to
solve the local problems will meet with limited success. Technology is CULTURE
SPECIFIC. There are best brains everywhere including Africa. Let the
Technologists study the problem and find solutions with local knowledge. We
have a Notion in Developing countries that RURAL IS BAD, URBAN IS BETTER and
FOREIGN IS THE BEST! It is not the case always. I will illustrate this with an
example. In India during 80s 50 Wind Turbines were imported at an exorbitant
cost and installed across the country under a Demonstration Program. None
worked beyond a year. On the other hand an "UNEDUCATED" technician
used Palm tree trunk as tower, designed his own wooden blades and changed the
automobile generator windings ( to have low rpm) and fitted near the sea coast
at Mandapam in Tamil Nadu,India. He uses the power for a mall fridge, radio and
Fluorescent light (in 80s). I visited the site in 1990 and again in 2000,it was
working. In fact Blade design is such a sophisticated job, only few companies
in the world make them. One should not ignore the local ingenuity in solving
the problems.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Market forces insufficient to roll out low-cost tech

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. Yes. Small entrepreneurs always have to struggle hard to push their products
as big industries(Competitive) can always try to crush them. But small entrepreneurs
should choose the area judiciously to have firm footing in the initial stages.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 7 comments

A Bad Dream Can Make for Great New Ideas

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Marvelous. I liked it.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Two New Ideas in Wave and Tidal Power

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article on Wave and Tidal energy and current status and future prospects.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Environment Portal 1 comments

Decentralised renewable energy is the solution to Indias


energy poverty

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

CSE has always been in the forefront in drawing policies and projects in Renewable
Energy. Yes. What is needed in India is Decentralised Energy policy through
Renewables.
CURRENT STATUS OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND ELECTRICITY SERVICE
DELIVERY IN RURAL AREAS OF INDIA
I. Status of Village Electrification in India:
As on 31st August 2013, a total of 32,227 villages of India are yet to be provided with
electricity access.
Out of a total of 593,732 inhabited villages as per the 2001 census, as on 31st
August 2013, a total of 561505 villages were electrified.
Status of Village Electrification in India
Total inhabited Villages as per 2001
Census
Villages electrified as on 31/03/2013 as per new definition (Provisional)
Cumulative achievement as on 31/08/2013 as per new definition
%age of villages electrified as on 31/08/2013
Unelectrified villages as on 31/08/2013(V) No. %
India 593,732 560552 94.4 561505 94.6 32227
A village is deemed electrified, if 10 percent of all the households of the village has
electricity access and

if electricity provided to public spaces such as schools, panchayat officers, health


centres, community centres and dispensaries.
Of a total of 29 states of India, only 9 states have achieved 100 percent village
electrification as on the 31st August 2013. The following table gives an overview of the
status of village electrification across the 29 states of India.
Status of Rural Electrification in India
Sl No Percentage of Electrified Villages
Total Number of States
Names of the States
1 100% 9 Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Goa,
Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala,
Punjab, Sikkim and Tamil Nadu
2 90-99% 12 Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir,
Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh,
Maharashtra, Mizoram, Rajasthan,
Uttaranchal and West Bengal
3 81-90% 4 Jharkhand, Manipur, Meghalaya,
Uttar Pradesh
4 71-80% 4 Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland,
Orissa, Tripura
Source: Central Electricity Authority
It is precisely here Renewables can make an impact as decentralised Energy option.
"No Power is costlier than no power" -- Dr.H.J.Bhaba.
Put the RENEWABLES to WORK: To get inexhaustible,pollution - free energy which
cannot be misused.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Environment Portal 1 comments

CSE final recommendations on the draft policy document


of JNNSM, Phase II

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent report . Very Thorough.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 4 comments

Complexity science meets bottom-up development

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting. Science and technology should have Bottom Up approach for
development in less developed countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Africas firms revealed as innovative but unsupported

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Yes. One can find lot of firms in Africa with great innovations . Cooperation and collaboration with advanced countries will enrich innovations by African
Firms further. I worked in Denmark at Danish Centre for Renewable Energy where
trainees from African countries used to come. I found quite innovative approach by

some of them in my Renewable Energy Projects and devices.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Scientists need to step up to development goal talks

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

How scientists can maximise the impact of their research

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding article. Many a times Scientists and Technologists are poor


communicators. Unless the inventions and innovations of the Scientists reach the
masses,science and technology's mission will not be achieved. Today there are so many
outlets like Electronic Journals,Internet,Facebook etc. where one can popularise the
Science and Technology achievements. I use Internet,Facebook,Journals/Newsletters
etc. extensively to promote my Science and Technology projects.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

View on Poverty: Ugandas cheap bike problem SciDev.Net Sub-Saharan Africa

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Yes. Quality and performance are related to cost and automobiles are
no exception. The reference to 'nano car' in the article is relevant. Today the purchasing
power of Average Indians has increased. Just to supply cheap car won't help to get it
accepted. Moreover the cars should be sturdy to drive on bad roads(mostly in rural
areas). But today there are many small cars from multinational companies available in
India at a reasonable price. When There are good cars from TATA which are
popular,how 'nano' could not click is anybody's guess.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 11 comments

Terrafore Looks to Cut Molten Salt Energy Storage Costs in


Half

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Energy Storage is a critical component in harnessing Renewables and any efficient and
economic method is most welcome.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 11 comments

Huge Offshore Wind Farms Could Tame Hurricanes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. Offshore Wind farms are the future large energy generation options. Already
Europe leads(especially UK) and US,Taiwan,China,France,Korea etc. have ambitious
plans to go for offshore wind. Will India start with atleast a Pilot Offshore Wind Farm
since it has long coast line and occupies 5th position in the world with 19779 MW as on
July end 2014?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Wind Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Light Absorbing Thin Films Get Even Skinnier

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Glad to see improvements in Solar Technology.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 3 comments

This super bright LED lantern can also charge your


gadgets

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Such things are available in plenty from China.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

The UK has more offshore wind power than all other


countries... combined

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. UK is leader in Offshore Wind Farms. It is an irony that While India has onshore
wind farms of 20,150 MW,UK has 10,531 MW but UK tops in Offshore Wind in the World
while India is yet to have an Offshore Wind Farm!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 20 comments

The Grid From the Ground Up: What to Do If We Could Do It


Again

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very thoughtful article on grid.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

Construction Begins on $7 Billion Power Africa Project

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Yes. Africa can utilise decentralised Renewables to provide energy
needs. Biofuel/Biogas from Care-free growth plants like Agave and Opuntia can benefit

the region to provide energy locally.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 11 comments

Create Urgency, Not Anxiety, Around Big Opportunities

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Every crisis poses a challenge,every challenge offers an opportunity.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 145 comments

Transforming Rural India through Innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. The Rural people are intelligent to adopt to the local conditions.Ideas float
around in bewildering numbers, and scores of designs, ranging from windmills to the
spinning wheel, are available; papers are circulated stating the wonders of intermediate
(not appropriate) technology what could be done, why it should be done, what must be
done, and how the rural countryside can be changed if intermediate technology is
implemented. Experts are called from abroad to tell people this.
In all this talk, there seems to be no place for the ideas generated by farmers, rural
artisans, members of the scheduled castes and harijans. A stand seems to have been
taken that this transfer of technology for the socio-economic regeneration of the rural
areas is a novelty for country-folk. But rural communities have survived for generations
without any help in ideas and materials from outside. They have developed a low-cost
technology of their own, suited to their own particular areas. It would be foolish to over
look and take for granted methods used by farmers and artisans. When a ploughshare

develops trouble on the field, when a


bullock cart breaks down on the road to market, when a house collapses in a storm, the
villager uses materials available in the immediate vicinity to solve his problem. It is the
scientist who must see these problems as challenges that must be met if there is to be
development in rural areas. It is clear that the villagers and scientists will see the
problems of the villages quite differently, and it will not always be true that the projects
proposed by the scientists will be meaningful to the villages. If projects are imposed on
the villagers, they are likely to be skeptical and may well resist rather than co-operate
with the programme. Rural Development Schemes, in the broadest sense, requires first
a good sociological approach, and as much psychology as scientific knowledge. After all
country means people and not soil. In order to bring science to the doors of those who
need it we must make school as nucleus and students and teachers as
participants.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 15 comments

India Plans to Install 26 Million Solar-powered Water Pumps

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The agricultural sector accounts for about 30% of electricity consumption in India. The
largest population of inefficient pumps and systems is also to be found in this sector.
Two factors that adversely impact electricity consumption are, efficiency of the pumping
system, and inadequate standards for motors and pump-sets.
ICPCI{ International Copper Promotion Council (India)} is involved in several initiatives
targeted at improving the equipment and distribution system efficiencies in the
Agricultural sector. They have expertise and experience in :
1. Propagate the use of Energy Efficient Motors for energy savings, in Industries.
2. Promote the use of high efficiency motors and pumps in the Agricultural sector.

Expertise from organisations like ICPCI can be availed by Government of India and
State Governments in going in for high efficient agricultural Electric Motors. Even a 10 to
20 % efficiency in Electric Motors contributes much to the power demand in the country.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The key barrier to the large-scale dissemination of solar PV


water pumps is the high capital cost incurred by farmers compared to the much
lower capital cost of conventional pumps. It is portrayed Solar PV is a competitive
option in the face of diesel, its adoption being contingent on the ease of
access to subsidies. Another factor to be considered is the space requirement
for the installation of a solar PV pump set. This factor limits adoption by
small-scale farmers to whom land availability is a major constraint.
Some of the limitations of Solar Pumps:
1.Low yield: Solar pumping is not suitable where the requirement is very high. The
maximum capacity available with solar is very low.
2. Variable yield: The water yield of the solar pump changes according to the sunlight. It
is highest around noon and least in the early morning and evening. This variability
should be taken into consideration while planning the irrigation.This is taken into
account in some solar pumps which are costly.
3. Dry operation: The submersible pump has an in-built protection against dry run.
However, the surface pumps are very sensitive to dry run. A dry run of 15 minutes or
more can cause considerable damage to a surface pump.
4. Water quality: As with any other pump, solar pumps work best if the water is clean,
devoid of sand or mud. However, if the water is not so clean, it is advisable to clean the
well before installation or use a good filter at the end of the immersed pipe.

5. Theft: Theft of solar panels can be a problem in some areas. So the farmers need to
take necessary precautions. Ideally, the solar system should insured against theft as
well as natural hazards like lightning.
The criticism for electric pump sets is that in many areas power cuts. At least during
nights the Farmer can water his crops when the power is there. On the other hand
intermittent nature of sunlight will forbid sustained water supply for crops like rice. For
dry crops unless water runs through pipes, evaporation of water takes place of the
limited water supply by the Solar Pump. I had experience of electric, diesel and solar
pumps. At a site where the water table is 150 ft. I could not use solar pump. So the solar
pump is used to pump water from a sump to the nearby pond which is waste water.
The Indian power sector provides significant opportunities for reducing energy
consumption by addressing existing inefficiencies of technical, operational and
economic nature. Replacement of inefficient agricultural pump sets has been identified
as one of the key policy initiatives, which to date, has been limited
to a few pilot projects. The policy objectives are to: replace inefficient pump sets,
improve distribution grids and provide metering. Adequate readdressing of economic
inefficiencies, in terms of electricity pricing, remains a long-term objective. The
scalability of such a policy proposal across the country offers many challenges(A Policy
for Improving Efficiency of Agriculture Pump sets in India:
Drivers, Barriers and Indicators ,Anoop Singh, Climate Strategies, September 2009)
As a Renewable Energy Expert I very much welcome deployment
of Renewables and Solar pumps are no exception. What I stress is reliability of power to
pump water on demand . Here is a simple solution to use Electric pump sets efficiently.
A 5 HP electric pump set costs about Rs 20,000 and a subsidy of Rs 15000 can be
provided to replace the inefficient old electric pump sets. This can be funded by
Union/State/International organisations. Energy saving yields immediate results
compared to energy generation. When Rs 5 lakhs is provided as subsidy out of Rs 6
lakhs for a solar pump, mere Rs 15,000 per electric pump set is peanuts. Enormous
electricity can be saved by this. Electricity is a high grade energy which is badly needed
for lighting, computers, Industries
etc. Moreover such ambitious plans like Solar Pumps replacing 26 Million
irrigation pump sets often end up in HIGH PROMISE AND LOW PERFORMANCE as
witnessed in some of the Renewable Energy Projects earlier in India.

Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com.
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Africa and India cultivate agricultural research ties

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Africa and India can collaborate in Biofuel|Biogas research besides wind and solar.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

European Union Fanning Offshore Wind Energy in India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good article. I have had been advocating offshore wind energy in India since decade.
To day Offshore wind farms operate in Europe, UK topping. In India Onshore Wind
farms started in 1985 and today the Wind installations in the country are(Compared to
other countries):
Installed wind power capacity (MW) up to 2013 end
European Union
117,289
China
91,424
United States
61,091

Germany
34,250
Spain
22,959
India
20,150
United Kingdom
10,531
Italy
8,552
France
8,254
Canada
7,803
Denmark
4,772
Portugal
4,724
Sweden
4,470
Offshore Wind Farm installed Capacity(MW)
Offshore wind power refers to the construction of wind farms in bodies of water to
generate electricity from wind. Better wind speeds are available offshore compared to on
land, so offshore wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied is higher,and
NIMBY opposition to construction is usually much weaker. However, offshore wind farms
are relatively expensive. At the end of June 2013 total European combined offshore
wind energy capacity was 6,040 MW.
As of 2010 Siemens and Vestas were turbine suppliers for 90% of offshore wind power,
while Dong Energy, Vattenfall and E.on were the leading offshore operators. As of
October 2010, 3.16 GW of offshore wind power capacity was operational, mainly in
Northern Europe. According to BTM Consult, more than 16 GW of additional capacity
will be installed before the end of 2014 and the United Kingdom and Germany will
become the two leading markets. Offshore wind power capacity is expected to reach a

total of 75 GW worldwide by 2020, with significant contributions from China and the
United States.
As of 2013, the 630 MW London Array is the largest offshore wind farm in the world,
with the 504 MW Greater Gabbard wind farm as the second largest, followed by the 367
MW Walney Wind Farm. All are off the coast of the UK. These projects will be dwarfed
by subsequent wind farms that are in the pipeline, including Dogger Bank at 9,000 MW,
Norfolk Bank (7,200 MW), and Irish Sea (4,200 MW). In the end of June 2013 total
European combined offshore wind energy capacity was 6,040 MW. UK installed 513.5
MW offshore wind power in the first half year of 2013.
It can be easily seen While UK tops the world in Offshore Wind farms, India has double
the capacity of onshore wind farms compared to UK and no offshore wind installations
at all. Why? The reasons are not far to seek. There is a strong notion among Indian
wind turbine manufacturers, Renewable Energy planners, Government etc. that offshore
wind farms cost double to triple the cost of onshore wind farms. How this figure of
double or triple arrived at is a billion dollar question. The main charm of offshore wind
farms is that the roughness of the sea is zero(no obstacles like onshore) and since
power is cube of velocity of wind other factors being linear, higher velocities mean the
power shoots up very much.
This factor is often overlooked. Moreover instead of going in for onshore wind farms, it
will be worthwhile to go offshore nearby to harness more wind power. No doubt the cost
of the offshore wind farms will be high compared to onshore because of foundation and
cable costs. But these costs are offset by the higher power from offshore wind farms. I
wonder how this figure of double or triple
arrived at between offshore and onshore wind farms. Has any systematic life cycle study
of onshore and offshore wind farms in a region has been carried out? Why not Research
Institutes, Wind Industries in UK carry out such a study which will help to dispel the
misconceptions on cost of offshore wind farms in India.
On 6th February 2014 there was a UK-India Offshore Wind Energy Workshop in
Chennai (INDIA) organized by UK Science & Innovation Network , which I attended. I
suggested the need for above study and the need for offshore wind farms in India. India
has long coast. At least a pilot project can be initiated by Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE) so that Private Wind farm developers follow suit.
Countries like US, China, Taiwan, Korea, France. etc have ambitious plans to go for
offshore wind farms. It is sad that India though occupies fifth position in wind in the

world is yet to have a offshore wind farm?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India.
Wind energy Expert
E-mail:anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 144 comments

Renewable Power Tops Climate Change Solutions in Expert


Survey

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Energy and wter are primary needs .With insufficient energy supply to
meet the demand,both developed and developing countries have had been
concentrating to harness Alternative energy sources like Solar,Wind,Biomass etc. not to
replace the conventional energy but to supplement the latter. The most research in the
last decades has been on Renewable Energy which plays vital role in abating climate
change.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 7 comments

Switch to organic farming may boost yields and incomes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Yes. Organic Farming will ensure natural fertility of the soil.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(ap),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Innovation 'must consider water, energy and land jointly'

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very true.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Student finds new way of turning plastic into biofuel

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

this technology is already there in Japan.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Africas untapped renewable energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good Article. Being in the Sunny Zone,Africa can harness Renewables on a massive
scale.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 4 comments

Overambitious energy targets leave Africa dark

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Yes. Africa can benefit immensely with small decentralised Renewable
Energy Systems especially for Rural Areas.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Pre-Paid Microsolar Coming to the Philippines

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

This will help Filipinos in rural areas. I visited Philippines twice and could see the
potential use of Renewables there.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

Japan Plants Renewable Energy Village in Fukushima's


Contaminated Farmland

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Japanese are really innovative.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 19 comments

India Aims High With 4-Gigawatt Solar Plant

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

How about protection from dust? Already PV efficiency is low.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 15 comments

India Plans to Install 26 Million Solar-powered Water Pumps

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Has any thorough cost benefit analysis on solar water pumps been made? Solar Water
pumps efficiency is low and fit for open wells which are not very deep. For bore wells
(with its intermittent nature) solar water pumps are least effective. Subsidies mean
public money. On the other hand most of the irrigation pump sets are very old and
inefficient. A scheme can be chalked out to replace the old and obsolete irrigation pump
sets with more efficient ones. This will save enormous money and increases reliability.
On the other hand power tariff for small farmers in many states is nominal or nil. As such
how many Farmers will be willing to invest their share in Solar pumps which are not
reliable? Here is a pertinent point. For centuries Water pumping windmills were in use.
Why they vanished? Because of least reliability. In the eighties thousands of water
pumping windmills were installed across the country under a Demonstration Programme
by DNES (Now MNRE). None of them worked beyond a year. I am afraid the same fate
may be for solar pumps. Agriculture needs water on demand. The Farmer wont mind
installing even diesel pump set so long as he gets reliable water supply for crops. A
Government which is showing so much enthusiasm to promote solar pumps, why is
reluctant to promote solar cookers which are efficient and reliable? The solar cookers
will be best suited for rural areas.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Renewable Energy Expert

E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 14 comments

How renewables can keep the lights on when the sun


doesn't shine

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 7 comments

New research: Wind turbines remain efficient much longer


than expected

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Though the life span of wind turbines is about 20 years,there are wind turbines working
beyond 20 years.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 15 comments

Is this the washing machine of the future? It uses 90% less


water but there's a catch...

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. Water will be scarce and costly in the future and any saving is most welcome.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Bloomberg 2 comments

Bird Habitat Concern Forces Utilities to Scrap Wind Farm

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Let us search for a solution.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 20 comments

Worlds biggest offshore wind farm wont expand because


of birds

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Siting wind turbines to avoid this is the answer.Are not Aeroplanes fly avoiding birds by
their migration studies.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on The Week 4 comments

The 7 biggest myths about innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article on Innovations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Oilgae Blog 1 comments

Algae Clean Waste Water to Produce Numerious Useful


Products

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Algae has many uses. Extensive research on Spirulina algae was undertaken by
Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre,Chennai,India(http://villgro.org/researchblo.... It
should be popularised on a massive scale which will provide employment .
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 3 comments

The chulha politics

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Deep insight into the Chulha Program in India. Very thorough study Madam.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

Used plastic shopping bags can be converted into diesel


fuel

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The main problem is collection of these used plastic shopping bags.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 53 comments

Your Weakness May Be Your Competitive Advantage

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

One's weakness is one's asset.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 13 comments

Set a Limit on the Time You Spend on Email

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Why should one limit? After all in this knowledge and digital era,e-mail is the best
communication tool. I for one is the most prolific user of E-mail.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

Does biochar live up to the hype?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago Pending

Good article on Biochar.


Biochar was coined in 2007 and means charcoal applied to soil its potential
usefulness was made famous by a study of 500 year old soil in the Amazon. Terra Preta
de Indio, or dark earth, was created by indigenous cultures near the
Amazon river by placing charcoal back into the marginal clay which in turn pushed pH
levels to 5.5 from 3.5, making it some of the best soil in Brazil and improving land
productivity by 3 times.
Pryolysis is the key chemical reaction to make biomass, or
simply stated plants, into a long term carbon fixed medium. Adding heat to biomass
without introducing oxygen changes the sugars into fixed carbon.
Supporters of biochar who see it as a way to geoengineer our way out of a global
warming nightmare need to think big. In Japan perhaps 1/3 of rice husks are turned into
biochar, Black is Green, or BIG, in Australia is a huge mobile biochar
machine, and even larger ICM Gasifiers are used in Kansas. The new kid on the block,
Cool Planet Energy Systems, is looking to make large semi-mobile units that can
produce gas, synthetic diesel, and other fuels. They promise that if
the resulting biochar is put into the soil, their fuels will have twice the total carbon
reduction of even solar and wind. Clearly if biochar is to become the great alternative to
our one way carbon lifestyle, many industries will need to cooperate to stake its potential
in the ground.
You can get excellent infomation on Biochar at:
Biochar carbon
sequestration in tropical land use systems?
http://www.biochar- international.org/sites/defaul...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
Discussion on Matador 57 comments

18 of the worlds most bike friendly cities

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Interesting to find Bike Usage in Cities abroad though India,China and Indonesia
lead in its usage.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 1956 comments

20 most annoying things people do on planes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very True. As a frequent flyer I used to wonder when I see some of these.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 255 comments

And the world's most polluted city is ...

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Alarming Information.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Foreign Affairs 1 comments

Success Story in South Korea

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great Story on South Korea's Progress. Such familiar names like Samsung,Hyundai are
from South Korea. The very fact that SAMSUNG Tab Galaxy is competing with Apple
shows the supremacy of Korean Company in Innovations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

World's largest solar bridge now officially launched

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting to know about diverse use of Solar


Energy.
The Canal Solar Power Project is a project launched in Gujarat, to use 19,000 Kilometre
long network of Narmada canals across the state for setting up solar panels to generate
electricity. It was the first ever such project in India.
This project has been commissioned by SunEdison India.
Narendra Modi, Chief Minister of Gujarat, inaugurated a 1 Megawatt (MW) pilot project
on 24 April 2012. The
project is situated on the Narmada branch canal near Chandrasan village of Kadi taluka
in Mehsana district.
The pilot project will generate 16 lakh units of clean energy per annum and also prevent
evaporation of 90 lakh litres of
water annually from the canal. The project virtually eliminates the requirement to acquire
vast tracts of land and limits evaporation of water from the 750 meter long canal,
tackling two challenges simultaneously by providing energy and water security.

The engineering, procurement and construction contract for the project was awarded to
Sun Edison at a cost of Rs 17.71 crore.The pilot project was developed on a 750 metre
stretch of the canal by Gujarat State Electricity Corporation (GSECL) with support from
Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd (SSNNL), which owns and maintains the canal
network.
The cost per megawatt of solar power, in this case, is likely to be much less than the
estimated Rs 10-11 crore, as the two banks of the canal will be used to cover the canal
by installing
solar power panel and the government will not have to spend much on creating basic
infrastructure, including land acquisition .
Gujarat has about 458 Kilometre of open main canal, while the total canal length,
including sub-branches, is about 19,000 Kilometre at present. When completed, the
SSNNL's canal network will be about 85,000 km long.
Assuming a utilisation of only 10 per cent of the existing canal network of 19,000
Kilometre, it is estimated that 2,200 MW
of solar power generating capacity can be installed by covering the canals with solar
panels.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Junk Techie 953 comments

Five Things North Indians Absolutely Need to Know About


Madrasis!

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

One thing common in South and North: Often North Indians(Hindi Speaking) say
ACHHA: Tamilians say: APPRAM,Telugu People say: Avunu. So all start with the first
Alphabet " A" .
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP,India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

Future solar cells could be made from wood fibers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent research to find alternative material for solar cell.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 18 comments

Is solar power mainstream now?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. At best Solar can supplement conventional energy but cannot replace
the latter.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Desert plantations could help capture carbon

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article on the subject.


For desert regions the best plants are Agave and Opuntia as both are care-free growth
plants. Both are CAM plants. Biofuel and Biogas can be produced from these plants.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Biofuel crops may amplify mosquito-borne disease

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The best option is to grow Agave and Opuntia for Biofuel|Biogas for power production as
both are CAM plants and care-free growth.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Gates scheme to reinvent the toilet is too high-tech

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

In the design of public toilets it is lack of water that is main problem,Mr. Bill Gates.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

International aid: Top ten news stories of 2013

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent coverage on International Aid. It is a well known fact only part of the
International aid reaches the beneficiary,as it is swallowed in between by those
implementing the projects.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Gates letter challenges three development myths

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Utopian thinking.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Africans design audible guides for blind people

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great. Congratulations to the designers for helping the visually impaired.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 2 comments

The brightest bulb: Rising energy star scores seat with


FLOTUS at State of the Union

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Congratulations Tyrone Davis for your fine work and recognition.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

Solar power was the 2nd-largest source of new power in


US in 2013... or maybe 1st

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent story. Yes. Solar is expanding in US in leaps and bounds.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 25 comments

China added more solar capacity in 2013 than any other


country ever has in a single year

Anumakonda Jagadeesh dr2chase a year ago

Why accuse china for dumping solar panels all over the world. If the quality is poor,why
Nations are going for them. This obviously shows big solar Companies outside fear of
losing because as hitherto thy priced Solar panels very high. For Developing countries
Solar products are most welcome,of course with quality assured.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

China is a shining example of massive usage of Solar and Wind . BIG IS BOUNTIFUL
seems to be motto of Chinese in Energy and Infrastructure Projects.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 2 comments

Akkineni Nageswara Rao, yesteryear Telugu film star,


passes away

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great Telugu Actor. May his soul rest in peace.


D.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 363 comments

The Best Cover Letter I Ever Received

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good advice for job aspirants and job changers.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 331 comments

The Right Way to Answer Whats Your Greatest


Weakness?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Our Weaknesses are our assets.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 22 comments

The Key to a Better Board: Team Dynamics

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.
TEAM - Together Everybody Achieves More.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 19 comments

Harvard Business Review Case Studies, Articles, Books,


Pamphlets - Harvard Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Thought provoking article on new patterns of innovation. Invention and Innovation are
the pillars of progress.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 41 comments

The Cultural Perils of Clockwatching

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Congratulations Erin Meyer for the fine piece.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 10 comments

How safe is our drinking water?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting article. Providing drinking water has been a challenge for many
Governments in Developing countries.
Water is the elixir of life - Leonardo da Vinci.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Encounters with extraordinary engineers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good article. Yes. Engineers can play a crucial role in development especially in rural
areas with Innovative Technologies. In this connection, I applaud ENGINEERS
WITHOUT BORDERS movement.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 39 comments

We Interviewed 10 Extraordinary Leaders: Here Are Their


Lessons for Success

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great article.Congratulations SARAH GREEN.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 75 comments

Three-fifths of America doesnt know incandescents are


about to disappear

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Incandescent bulb is very inefficient as much of energy is wasted in heating.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 31 comments

Salman Khan - Harvard Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent Interview. Very inspiring suggestions.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 20 comments

A Taxonomy of Innovation - Harvard Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

A Great Tool and Useful Information on Innovations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 167 comments

Four Lessons From the Best Bosses I Ever Had

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 92 comments

Conflict Strategies for Nice People

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Conflict management is the process of limiting the negative aspects


of conflict while increasing the positive aspects of conflict. The aim of conflict
management is to enhance learning and group outcomes, including effectiveness or
performance in organizational .
Supervisors spend more than 25% of their time on conflict management, and managers
spend more than 18% of their time on relational employee conflicts. This has doubled
since the 1980s. Reasons for this are "the growing complexity of organizations, use of
teams and group decision making, and globalization." .
Conflict management is something that companies and managers need to deal with.
Conflict significantly affects employee morale, turnover, and litigation, which affects the
prosperity of a company, either constructively or
destructively.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 34 comments

If You Are Hoping To Change, Dont Read This

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good article. Change is a natural phenomena.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 12 comments

Sell Your Product Before It Exists

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding blog. In any product to succeed time is very crucial.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 21 comments

The HBR Ideas of 2013

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great article. Congratulations KATHERINE BELL.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 52 comments

This graph shows why solar power will take over the world

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

No doubt Solar is Future Energy. How quickly depends on the Solar Cell Efficiency and
Economics .
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

9 ways of getting around inspired by biomimicry

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Biomimicry at its best.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 57 comments

When You Criticize Someone, You Make It Harder for that


Person to Change

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great Article. Thanks DANIEL GOLEMAN.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Bloomberg 3 comments

Heavy Pollution Returns in Shanghai After Week of


Improved Skies

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Effects of unregulated and uneven growth.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 2 comments

CSE director general Sunita Narain discharged from


hospital today

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

I am glad that Dr.Sunita Narainji has been discharged from Hospital. I thank God for
helping her recovery. Madam is such a dedicated and honest woman,Down To Earth is
carrying the mantle left by Dr.Anilji. I am an ardent Fan of Dr.Sunit Narainji.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 1 comments

17 Best DIY gadget projects of 2013

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent DIY Projects. Inspiring.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 155 comments

How offshore wind farms could protect us from hurricanes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Innovative idea.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 98 comments

Would you ever stop using shampoo?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. But Shampoo has so much penetrated in the world,it is difficult to convince
the users to do away with it.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Foreign Affairs 6 comments

Superfuel: Thorium, the Green Energy Source for the


Future

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. Thorium Reactors will come back as there is a lot of pressure on Power around the
Globe.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 23 comments

Imagine a Future Where Africa Leapfrogs Developed


Economies

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good article. Africa has resources and manpower. More and more co-operation and
collaboration with developed countries will certainly lead to have a strong Africa
economcally.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 18 comments

Going beyond Thanksgiving

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article and advice. Thanks for the fine piece


FRANCESCA GINO.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 5 comments

Thomas Edison: Inventor, genius ... elephant killer?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Surely,it was not t all the intention of Thomas Alva Edison to kill the Elephant.

A passenger train in India struck a herd of elephants as it


sped down the tracks at 50 mph, killing at least six elephants and seriously injuring 10
others which took place November 13,2013at dusk in the Chapramari wildlife sanctuary
near the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal.,India
An estimated 100 African elephants are killed each day by poachers seeking ivory, meat
and body parts.In 1980, there were over 1,000,000 African elephants; today, there are
less
than 400,000. An insatiable lust for ivory products in Asian markets has led to the
slaughter of tens of thousands of African elephants making 2011 and 2012 the worst
years on record for elephant poaching in Africa. In 2013 poaching rates are continuing
to rise, threatening the future of African
elephants across the continent. Bull elephants with big tusks are the main targets and
their numbers have been diminished to less than half of the females. Female African
elephants also have tusks and are also killed, which has a terrible effect on the stability
of elephant societies, leaving an increasing number of orphaned baby elephants.
2011 saw the highest number of illegal ivory seizures recorded in the last 23 years.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

This prototype turns a pallet of water bottles into a disaster


shelter

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Water PET Bottles life is poor.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

No batteries required: DIY Solar electric-bike

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

The design miss the basics - Air resistance due to the Area of the Solar Panels. Also
Solar PV Efficiency is low.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 15 comments

Drones to be power plants in the sky, beam energy back to


earth

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Let us exhaust sites on earth to harness energy,then we can move to space.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 9 comments

A daily serving of nuts may help you live longer

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great post. Yes.Nuts are the best nutritious food for all ages. If .old people cannot bite
the hard nuts they can put them in water to soften or in Milk
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 9 comments

John F. Kennedys Other Legacy: Better Decision Making

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great article on Management skills of John F Kennedy.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 226 comments

Three Differences Between Managers and Leaders

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

A leader is one who leads and Manger is one who just manages !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 128 comments

The Surprising Secret to Selling Yourself

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 38 comments

New Research: The Skills That Make an Entrepreneur

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent articles. Good advice for Entrepreneurs.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 126 comments

Research: Cubicles Are the Absolute Worst

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Well written article. I entirely agree. Congratulations


SARAH GREEN for the fine piece.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 32 comments

Countries with Better English Have Better Economies

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Not in all cases. How about Japan,Korea,China etc


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 6 comments

China Needs a New Generation of Dreamers (and New


Dreams).

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. I visited China 6 times in the last 12 years and could see tremendous
progress in all fronts. Think Big,Bulk sales less profit are the motto of Chinese
Businessmen. Atleast in Renewable Energy Chinese progress is Phenomenal.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 18 comments

A Top Ten Forecast for China 2014

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 20 comments

How Chinese Companies Can Develop Global Brands

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Because of cheap labour cost,most global brand Companies have their products
manufactured in China.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 9 comments

If You Want to Change the World, Partner with China

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

No doubt China is advancing in all fronts,but partnering with China in Business has
some reservations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on ABB Conversations 6 comments

Getting at the true environmental cost of electric cars

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Electric Cars are the future transportation.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 2 comments

A New World Economy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

China,India together with Korea and Taiwan can make a strong economic force in Asian
Region.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Indian Express 1 comments

China, emerging super power in Science and tech: Anand


Kumar

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Good article. Yes. China is advancing in Science and Technology at a rapid speed. India
should catch up.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 13 comments

Kanye West says design can save the world; students


respond

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent post and video.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

Quotes of the Day: John F. Kennedy on the environment

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Indeed John F Kennedy was a Great Leader.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Indeed John F.Kennedy was a Great Leader.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 167 comments

Panoramic photo shows Haiyan devastation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Why these calamities re occuring of late? Anything to do with Global warming.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 15 comments

How one small community is going big on solar

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. In fact I have been advocating in India solar|wind co-operatives. Hitherto


Depreciation and other benefits are given to big industrialists who set up projects like
Wind Farms. To have more people participation,Wind|solar co-operatives and a
RENEWABLE ENERGY FUND can be created. Contribution to tis fund under Section
80C can be exempted from Income Tax by the Government.. This way the Renewable
Energy will become a mass movement.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

It's World Toilet Day

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

With over 600 million people in India or 53 per cent of Indian households defecating in
the open, absence of toilet or latrine is one of the important contributors to malnutrition,
a World Bank report has said.
The report that released on Monday on the eve of the first ever UN World Toilet Day, the
World Bank said, access to improved sanitation can increase cognition among children.
It is unfortunate in Villages people are crazy to own Mobiles than owning Toilets. As the
saying goes,"Some People Eat in Private and Ease in Public".
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 12 comments

Should plastic bags be recycled or banned?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article.
It has been proved that mere legislation of banning plastic bags in India is not Effective.
Recycling seems to be a better option. What cannot be cured must be endured.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 22 comments

is this the toilet of the future?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Novel design but only for west.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 10 comments

Next-gen electric scooter is a two-wheeled pickup truck

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 9 comments

C.N.R. Rao | A relentless scientist and institution builder

Anumakonda Jagadeesh TS Raman a year ago

I agree with you. Prof. C.N.R. Rao is not an Administrator but a serious Scientist. I have
known him intimately for over 3 decades.Dr.Rao serves on so many committees and
trips abroad hardly could spend whole time as Director of IISc.
At the time of the inception of IISc in 1909, Morris Travers, Sir William Ramsay's coworker in the discovery of the noble gases, became its first Director. For Travers, this
was a natural continuation of his work on the Institute, since he had played a role in its
founding. The first Indian Director was the Nobel Laureate Sir C.V. Raman. Raman was
the Indian Science based Nobel Laureate. Later Dr.S.Bhagavantam,Ex-Scientific
Advisor to Defence Ministry; Dr.Satish Dhawan,Former Chairman,ISRO became
Directors.
I wonder why so much hype is given to present Bharat Ratna to be awarded to Prof.
C.N.R.Rao and Sachin Tendulkar. When Shri Abdul Kalam received Bharat Ratna and
also M.G.Ramachandran, no such hype in the press.

Shri P.V.Narasimha Rao, Saviour of India from Economic Crisis through liberalisation
and Former Prime Minister who brought Dr.Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister and
Dr.Yellapragada Subba Rao,Inventor of Miracle Drugs should be honoured with Bharat
Ratna.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh guest a year ago

If that were the case,How about IGCAR?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Prof.C.N.R.Rao is Scientist par excellence nd a world renowned authority on Solid State


Chemistry. I had the privilege of knowing and interacting with Prof.Rao for over 3
decades. The awards he won and recognition is mind boggling. Hearty Congratulations
Prof.Rao on this Great Honour.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 2 comments

Basic science research getting its due: CNR Rao

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

With the hype for IT, Basic Sciences was driven to background. But people forget that
most of the Top ranking Technologists were having their background in basic sciences

like Physics, Chemistry etc.In England Physics is.the most sought after branch like
Economics. Government realized the decline in Pure Science interest in the country and
is providing financial support to the meritorious.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

With the hype for IT, Basic Sciences was driven to background. But people forget that
most of the Top ranking Technologists were having their background in basic sciences
like Physics, Chemistry etc.In England Physics is.the most sought after branch like
Economics. Government realized the decline in Pure Science interest in the country and
is providing financial support to the meritorious.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 1 comments

Support for science is not as good as it should be: CNR


Rao

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. I entirely agree with you Prof.C.N.R.Rao. What is needed is Commitment by the
government to inspire and support S & T. We have the best researchers, Scientists and
Technologists.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 2 comments

Jaipal Reddy agrees science funding inadequate

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

What the Government of India spends on Science and Technology is peanuts. Today
Modern Research demands heavy investment..Science & Technology are the
propellants for progress.It is hoped that the budget for Science and Technology will be
increased threefold.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 4 comments

Politicians are idiots, have done little for scientific


research: CNR Rao

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Having made the statement which received Nationwide attention,no body sees the
clarification that the remarks were casual.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 1 comments

C. N. R. Rao does damage control after angry outbursts

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

It is unfortunate that Pof.C.N.Rao made such a statement as reported in the press. It is


the political will led by Shri Jawaharlal Nehru, Smt.Indira Gandhi which laid firm
foundations for the growth of Science and Technology in the country. Dr.Rao has been

heading Science Advisory Committee to the Prime Minister right from the days of Shri
Rajiv Gandhi.. No
doubt Indi's spending on S & T is meagre compared to even China. China investing
about 2.5% of its GDP last year in S&T works out to $174 billion compared to Indias
0.9% which works out to roughly $16.5 billion.Still holding the position of
Chairman,Science Advisory Committee to Prime Minister ,Dr.Rao's Comments were
unwarranted.Dr.Rao is a well respected Scientist Worldwide. Those who live in glass
houses should not throw stones.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 3 comments

Why no Bharat Ratna for Atal Bihari Vajpayee, asks BJP

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

How about Shi P.V.Narasimha Rao,the Father of Lberalisation which saved the country
from
economic collapse and Ex Prime Minister? He was a literary giant knowing 14
languages. In fact It was Shri Rao who brought Dr.Manmohan Singh to Politics
and made him Finance Minister.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 20 comments

Nitish supports call for Bharat Ratna to Vajpayee, Lohia

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Why nobody thinks of Great Saviour of


this country from Economic Crisis and a Full term Prime Minister heading a

coalition Governmnt,a literary Giant Shri P.V.Narasimha Raoji.It was Shri Rao
Who brought Dr.Manmohan Singh to Politics and made him Finance Minster giving
him complete Freedom.Simply because he was the Prime Minister at the time of
demolition of the Babri Masjid
in December, 1992 ,all his achievements on economic front through
lliberalisation cannot be ignored. Shri P.V.Narasimh Rao is the best Choice for
Bharat Ratna as much as Shri Atal Behari Vajpayeeji.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Zee News 1 comments

'Need strategy to catch up with China in science'

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Yes. China is far ahead of India in Science & Technology,Energy etc.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 4 comments

Facebooks new data center will run on 100 percent wind


energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

I am glad that IT Giants like Facebook and Google are going green.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 6 comments

Bonds backed by solar power are Wall Street's latest


financial innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent. I have been advocating in India creating a ERENEAWABLE ENERGY FUND.


Contributions towards this fund by Individual tax payers can be exempted by Income tax
under Section 80C. This way there will be large funds available to push Renewable
Energy. Also in India Depreciation and other benefits to set up big Renewable Energy
Projects to Big Business men. Wind| solar projects can be started by Individuals. Solar |
Wind Farm co-operatives can be started in India with the active co-oeration of IndoGerman Collaboration.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 4 comments

These tiles are made from your old TV screens

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

How strong and reliable these will be a million Dollar question.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

Google Earth launches high-resolution global deforestation


map

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent Information. Thanks Google for preparing maps on Globl Deforestation.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 17 comments

This bamboo scooter runs on air

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Very interesting.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 4 comments

Blue Forest Fibonacci Tree House

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Amazing !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP,India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 9 comments

Solar panels get more efficient when they listen to pop


music

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

So. Solar panels are human.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 174 comments

Philippines blames climate change for monster typhoon

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Certainly an indication of Climate Change the occurance of these cyclones in recent


times.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(P),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

Typhoon Haiyan: 'state of calamity' in the Philippines,


10,000+ feared dead

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Such a devastating cyclone never seen in recent history. unbelievable human loss.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 79 comments

Harvard Business Review Case Studies, Articles, Books,


Pamphlets - Harvard Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Great article. I liked it.


D.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 52 comments

The First Step to Being Powerful

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Powerful article on how to be powerful. Thanks for the fine piece NILOFER
MERCHANT.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 24 comments

Three Creativity Challenges from the Leaders of IDEO

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Outstanding article on Creativity and its challenges for leaders. Congratulations


TOM KELLEY AND DAVID KELLEY.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP) India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 2936 comments

At least 100 bodies found in streets after typhoon


onslaught in the Philippines

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

What a calamity? Philippines experiences Tycoons on and off. May the departed souls
rest in peace.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 7 comments

Charge your laptop with Pedal Power, and burn calories


while you work

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Complicated system. With battery backup (Portable) available at a reasonable


price(Charged by USB/Solar),nobody wants this system.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 2 comments

5 signs the energy sector is changing fast

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent article. Yes. Renewable Energy is fast expanding.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 11 comments

5 interesting facts about electric-bikes

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Electric bikes are clean transportation.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 5 comments

Chinas Innovation Challenge

Anumakonda Jagadeesh a year ago

Excellent post. Gives deep insight.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 10 comments

Brazil wants to build enough wind turbines to power Sao


Paulo within 7 years

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Brazil has vast potential of Wind Energy. Brazil already leads in Ethanol production.
Brazil can go in for massive cultivation of Agave and Opuntia in waste lands to produce
biofuel and biogas and subsequent power generation. Both plants are regenerative and
CAM Plants. Already Mexico is doing this. Another country in Latin America which has
tremendous potential of wind energy is Argentina. It was estimated that Argentina has
gross wind energy potential of about 500,000 MW !
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Africa needs local capacity for innovation research

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article. African local methods which stood the test of time,nee to be modernized to
bring rural prosperity.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Belgian schemes train African researchers in enterprise

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent post. TEAM - Together Everybody Achieves More. This type of collaboration
will benefit developing countries to improve their entrepreneurship.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 23 comments

Wonderbag is electricity-free slow cooker

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

During World War II, hay boxes were used as a way of conserving rationed cooking fuel.
Campers and hikers have used variations of hay boxes for years, heating their food in
the morning and then storing the heated pot in a sleeping bag or backpack. In this way a
hot meal is available for eating at the end of the day.
Commercial designs based on this principle differed only in details of construction, and
the kind of insulating material used. Some types were provided with soapstone or iron

plates which were heated during the preliminary cooking on the stove and then placed in
the fireless cooker either over or
under the cooking pot. In these types, a non-flammable insulating material was used. A
successful home-made strategy was to take a box so large that the cooking pot when
placed in it could be surrounded by a thick layer of
non-conducting material, such as hay, excelsior or crumpled paper. A cushion was
placed over the pot and a tight-fitting lid was placed over all(Wikipedia).
Here is how it works
After your food is brought to a hard boil or, has been allowed to simmer for a period of
time over a flame or electric burner, transfer the cooking vessel to a well insulated
container, in this case your hay box cooker. Cover and seal
well, allowing enough heat retention to permit the food to finish the cooking process in a
manner similar to slow, or crock pot cooking.The insulated container will then allow the
food to continue cooking with its own heat and to
keep the food hot or warm for several hours longer, allowing for a timely and warm meal.
Why use a hay box cooker?
In many third world countries, a hay box is used in conjunction with a solar cooker or
other types of fuel cookers or stoves in order to preserve valuable and scarce fuel
resources.Since many people can ill afford the cost of cooking fuel, and also the means
or ability to obtain it on a regular and practical
basis, the use of a hay box can prolong or extend the meager fuel supplies of the poor,
thereby becoming an economic benefit to the families and individuals who use
them.See how one organization is using the \hay box\ cooker to help
people in Africa improve their lives.
Use of a hay box with a solar cooker has been the means to increasing the quantities of
food that are possible to be cooked when using such a \time constrained\ method of
cooking such as solar cooking.Once food is brought to a
steady boil or steady simmer and maintained for several minutes, it can then be
transferred (in the same pot) over to the hay box for continued cooking, thus saving time
and continued fuel consumption.
Hay box/Wonder bag cooking can save vast amounts of fuel, but there is a risk of
bacterial growth if the food items are allowed to remain in the danger zone (41140 F
or 560 C) for one or more hours. In order to reduce the risk, food

cooked in hay boxes can be reheated to boiling before eating, or a food thermometer
can be used(Solar Cooker at CantinaWest).
Simple soaking of rice,dal will help saving fuel as it takes
less time to reach boiling point. A wet blotting paper absorbs ink quickly than a dry
blotting paper.
Yet another method is to heat pre-heated water in a simple solar water heater and using
it in cooking by any method: Gas Stove,Firewood,Kerosene and Electric. This will save
energy.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Interesting.
The principle involved in this is nothing but acting as insulator to retain heat just like
centuries old HAY BOX.
A hay box, straw box, fireless cooker, insulation cooker, wonder oven or retained-heat
cooker is a cooker that utilizes the heat of the food being cooked to complete the
cooking process. Food items to be cooked are heated to
boiling point, and then insulated. Over a period of time, the food items cook by the heat
captured in the insulated container. Generally, it takes three times the normal cooking
time to cook food in a hay box.
Hay boxes are so called because hay or straw were the commonly used insulators. Pots
of food would be brought to a boil and then placed in a box filled with hay or straw.
Additional hay or straw would be added around and on top of the pot.
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Well Preserved 6 comments

Cipollini Onions

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent information on Preserving of Onions.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 1 comments

Managing Yourself: The Paradox of Excellence - Harvard


Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great advice on excellence. Very Practical.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 13 comments

Harvard Business Review Case Studies, Articles, Books,


Pamphlets - Harvard Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent interview. Outstanding guidelines on ideas,innovations,leadership etc. You are


Great Christine Lagarde Madam.I congratulate HBR for bringing out publication of this
great interview.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 9 comments

The U.S. cities where the fewest commuters get to work by


car

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

It is nice to know. Infact I have seen in Canada many use public transport.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CNN 137 comments

Overcrowded bus bursts into flames in India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Travelling by Private buses has become fatal especially during night journeys. Some of
the drivers by private bus operators are not qualified.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 44 comments

Three Things that Actually Motivate Employees

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent post. Good tips to motivate the Employees.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 43 comments

The Five Characteristics of Successful Innovators

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on Innovations and how to succeed.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 49 comments

A 16th-century Dutchman can tell us everything we need to


know about GMO patents

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great article.Well researched.


The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments
to assess and manage the risks associated with the use of genetic engineering
technology and the development and release of
genetically modified organisms (GMO), including genetically modified crops and
genetically modified fish. There are differences in the regulation of GMOs
between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the
USA and Europe. Regulation varies in a given country depending on the intended use of
the products of the genetic engineering. For example, a crop not intended for food use is
generally not reviewed by authorities responsible for food safety. The European Union
differentiates between approval for cultivation within the EU and approval for import and
processing. While only a few GMOs have been approved for cultivation in the EU a
number of GMOs have been approved for import and processing. The cultivation of
GMOs has triggered a debate about coexistence of GM and non GM crops. Depending
on the coexistence regulations incentives for cultivation of GM crops differ.

There is controversy over GMOs, especially with regard to their use in producing food.
The dispute involves consumers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators,
non-governmental organizations, and scientists. The key areas of controversy related to
GMO
food are whether GM food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the
effect of GM crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the
impact of GM crops for farmers, and the role of GM
crops in feeding the world population.
There is broad scientific consensus that food on the market derived from GM crops
poses no greater risk than conventional food. There is no evidence to support the idea
that the consumption of approved GM food has a detrimental effect on human health.
Although labeling of GMO products in the marketplace is required in many countries, it
is not required in the United States and no distinction between marketed GMO and nonGMO foods is recognized by the US FDA.
Advocacy groups such as Greenpeace, The Non-GMO
Project and Organic Consumers Association say that risks of GM food have not been
adequately identified and managed, and have questioned the objectivity of regulatory
authorities. Opponents say that food derived from GMOs may be unsafe and propose it
be banned, or at least labeled. They have expressed concerns about the objectivity of
regulators and rigor of the regulatory
process, about contamination of the non-GM food supply, about effects of GMOs on the
environment and nature, and about the consolidation of control of the food supply in
companies that make and sell GMOs.
References:
1. Wesseler, J. and N. Kalaitzandonakes (2011): Present and Future EU GMO policy. In
Arie Oskam, Gerrit Meesters and Huib Silvis (eds.), EU Policy for Agriculture, Food and
Rural Areas. Second Edition, pp. 23-323
23-332. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers
2. Beckmann,V., C. Soregaroli, J. Wesseler (2011): Coexistence of genetically modified
(GM)
and non-modified (non GM) crops: Are the two main property rights regimes equivalent
with respect to the coexistence value? In "Genetically modified
food and global welfare" edited by Colin Carter, GianCarlo Moschini and Ian Sheldon,

pp 201-224. Volume 10 in Frontiers of Economics and Globalization Series. Bingley, UK:


Emerald Group Publishing
3. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Board of Directors
(2012). Legally Mandating GM Food Labels Could Mislead and Falsely Alarm
Consumers
4. A decade of EU-funded GMO research (2001-2010) (PDF). Directorate-General for
Research and Innovation. Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food. European Union.
2010.doi:10.2777/97784. ISBN 978-92-79-16344-9.
""The main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects,
covering a period of more than 25 years of research, and involving more than 500
independent research groups, is that biotechnology, and
in particular GMOs, are not per se more risky than e.g. conventional plant breeding
technologies." (p. 16)"
5. Ronald, Pamela (2011). "Plant Genetics, Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food
Security". Genetics 188 (1):
1120.
6. American Medical Association (2012). Report 2 of the Council on Science and Public
Health: Labeling of
Bioengineered Foods
7. United States Institute of Medicine and National
Research Council (2004). Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods: Approaches to
Assessing Unintended Health Effects. National Academies Press. Free full-text. National
Academies Press. See pp11ff on need
for better standards and tools to evaluate GM food.
8. Key S, Ma JK, Drake PM (June 2008). "Genetically modified plants and human
health". J R Soc Med 101 (6): 2908.doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.070372. PMC
2408621.PMID 18515776.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 10 comments

18-year-old intern singlehandedly invents a cheap, effective


water filter

Anumakonda Jagadeesh Yvonne 2 years ago

Rural people in India to clean turbid water for drinking put the paste of STRICHNOS
POTATORUM(By rubbing the seed on a rough surface with water). The turbidity settles
down within an hour. Also some people use Tamarind seed paste to clear the turbid
water. There are many traditional methods of water purification in Asia and Africa.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I read the method. Such methods are there in many developing countries. They dont
work at vall. Unless UV and Thermal treated most of the bacteria wont die. In the past
methods like saree filtering were tried in
Bangladesh but failed miserably.
Microorganisms are heat sensitive. The Following lists up the required temperature to
eliminate microorganisms within 60 minutes. It can be seen that it is not required
to boil the water in order to kill 99.9% of the microorganisms. Heating up water to 50 60o C for one hour has the same effect .
Thermo resistance of microorganisms
Microorganisms Temperature for 100%
Destruction 1 Min. 6 Min. 60 Min
Enteroviruses 62 degrees C
Rotaviruses 63 degrees C for 30 Min.
Faecal Colioforms At 80 degrees C Complete destruction
Salmonelae 45 degrees C
Shigella 61 degrees C
54degrees C

Vibrio Cholera 45degrees C


Entamoeba Histolytica Cysts
Giardia Cysts
Hookworm Eggs and Larvae
Ascaris Eggs
Schostosomas Eggs
Taenia Eggs
57 degrees C
57 degrees C
68 degrees C
60degrees C
65degrees C
54 degrees C
54 degrees C
62 degrees C
62 degrees C
55 degrees C
57 degrees C
50 degrees C
50 degrees C
51 degrees C
57 degrees C
50 degrees C
51 degrees C
I have a simple ,low cost device for providing safe drinking water for all.
Impure water is the root cause for many diseases especially in developing countries.
Millions of people become sick each year from drinking contaminated water. In many
regions of the world, sunshine is abundantly available which can be effectively utilised to

provide
safe drinking water to the millions of people. A portable, low-cost, and lowmaintenance
solar disinfection unit to provide potable water has been designed and tested. The solar
disinfection system has been tested with bore
water, well as well as waste water. In 6 hours when the ambient temperature was 30
degrees Celsius, the unit eradicated 3 log 10 (99.99%) of bacteria contained
in the water samples. The unit will provide about 6 liters of pure drinking water and
larger units can be fabricated for providing safe drinking water at community level in
developing countries.
Eradication of coli forms from well water, bore water and waste water has been reported
from test results. The results confirm that there is 4-log 10 reduction of coli forms in the
waste water after solar disinfection. The experiments were conducted at
Kavaraipettai,Tamil adu,India.Maximum
temperature occurs around 1 pm. Though 6 bottles were used in the system(each of 1
liter capacity),larger units with up to 100 bottles
can be designed. The unit destroyed 99.99% of
bacterial coli forms both in well water and waste water samples in 6 hours.
The innovative solar disinfection system has
the advantages like:
1.The unit is portable,
2.It is cost-effective. It can be fabricated
in South India for US$ 20.The unit incorporates
the principle of reflection to increase solar
intensity and has protection from wind which
results in temperature rise inside the unit,
3.Larger units can be manufactured,
4. Used glass bottles withstand higher
temperatures and are available in plenty each for 2
US cents in South India ,
5. Since all the materials are available
locally, the unit can be manufactured locally with local people. Temperatures above 30

degrees C occur in south India for more than 10 months in a year and as such this
innovative solar disinfection unit will be a boon in this region.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: Anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 4 comments

Wind Energy Hits Over 30% Of Denmarks Electricity


Consumption At End Of 2012

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. Yes. Wind power meets much of energy needs in Denmark during peak time.
I worked in Denmark and could see the Wind Turbines running continuously during most
of the time.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Access to science defined as a "continuum"

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on Science and Human Rights.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 4 comments

Indigenous knowledge is a form of science don't ignore


it

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. There is wealth of knowledge in the indigenous methods of local communities


which need to be scientists for validation and adoption .
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 13 comments

Spinal Stimulation Gets Paralyzed Patients Moving

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great advancement in Bio medical Engineering.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Patent Power 2013

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent coverage on Patents in 2013 in different fields.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

The New Global Hiring Hall

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on future Global hiring in key areas.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 56 comments

How to Get Others to See Your Potential

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Useful tips to demonstrate potential of a person.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 25 comments

How Do You Know That?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great article. Congratulations Neil Bearden for the fine piece.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 59 comments

3 Reasons Germans are Going Renewable At All Costs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Germany is already leader in Renewables like Solar,Wind etc.


2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Economic and Political Weekly 1 comments

S R Sankaran: In Memoriam

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Shri S.R.Sankaran was a great IAS Officer. I had the privilege of interacting with him
when he was Collector of Nellore District and Principal Secretary,S & T,Government of
Andhra Pradesh. He was personification of honesty,devotion to duty and simplicity. We
came across such great people rarely.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on timesofap 1 comments

Environmentalist Sunita Narain injured in accident

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Shocking. Pray for speedy recovery.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on DNA India 1 comments

Environmentalist Sunita Narain stable after accident

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Most shocking news. I pray for speedy recovery of Madam.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Oneindia News 1 comments

Environmentalist Sunita Narain hit by speeding car,


severely injured

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Shocking News. Pray for your speedy recovery Madam.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Sify News 3 comments

Sunita Narain hit by car, injured

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I pray for your speedy recovery Madam.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HindustanTimes 17 comments

Sunita Narain injured after hit by car while cycling

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I pray for your speedy recovery Madam.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 7 comments

Stop Being Fooled by List Prices

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent post. Another trick employed by businessmen is putting offers like Dusserah
offer,Diwali offer etc. In most cases they hike the actual price and quote lesser on sale
advertisement. No businessman sells the goods for loss,is the simple truth. In some
other cases,the businessmen put the nearing expiry goods in offer. With my past
experience,I have now come to the conclusion not to be tempted by offers Which in
many cases are FRAUD!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CSMonitor 1 comments

Harnessing the suns power to make water flow

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. These are the type of solar applications that are needed for developing
countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CSMonitor 8 comments

Top 5 nations that use renewable energy - Brazil, 5 percent


of world total

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

If Geographic area and population are not the criteria,Denmark should find a place in
the list.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 14 comments

The worlds most bike-friendly city has three times as many


bikes as cars

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. In Europe especially in Germany Bike use is high. Of course China leads followed
by India. Infact Bike is the clean form of energy.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 10 comments

You could soon be able to charge your electric car just by


parking it over a manhole

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Crazy! How can you get Manholes at a desired place for charging?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

Fixies Take China

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Bike usage is high in China.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 2 comments

China's Electric Bicycle Boom: Will the Fashion Last?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. I saw in China electric bikes in millions.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 227 comments

U.S. Health Care, Indian Style?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article. In reality health care has become a rich man's affair in India. Once
HEALTH IS WEALTH but now WEALTH IS HEALTH. The difference between west and
India is that in the west one gets best treatment for the money spent. Here in India in

many cases it is on the reverse. Thanks to corporate hospitals that are pervading the
country clinical tests whether needed or not are the order of the day. Many a times the
hospitals thrive on the medical shop attached and many medicines come back to the
medical shop! In a developing country like India as well as in Africa,Latin Amercia and
Asia Homeopathy can be revived and that can reach masses at an affordable price.
Only thing lacking faith in Homeopathy. It is an irony that in Germany Homeopathy is still
popular!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 2 comments

100% Renewable by 20XX

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Thought provoking article. Yes. Renewables are expanding and will meet sizeable share
in the energy mix in the future.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

Small-Scale Bioenergy Initiatives

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Bioenergy is a very important component in the energy mix especially in the developing
countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 2 comments

Powering the Dream: The History and Promise of Green


Technology

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

The History and Promise of Green Technology - Very inspiring.Yes. Green Technologies
are the answer to control Climate Change.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

Women Solar Entrepreneurs Transform Bangladesh

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good work. In Tilonia,Rajasthan also Women Entrepreneurs(Barefoot Engineers) are


doing great work.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

The Carnegie Council's online magazine for a fairer


globalization.

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great article on Innovation and how to promote it.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 4 comments

The Carnegie Council's online magazine for a fairer


globalization.

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Thought provoking article on Patents and Renewable Energy Technologies.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP) India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 2 comments

The Energy Innovation Imperative

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I happened to read this today. Most of the issues raised are relevant even today.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

Asmita: Identity amid Crisis

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Asmita services are laudable.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 4 comments

Fruits of Our Labor

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Role model for other farmers.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

Buds of Hope

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Inspiring story.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

The Mud People of Bukhalo

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Yes. Africa has plenty of land. With innovative approach it can bring
rural prosperity.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

Bicycle Machines Relieve Manual Labor

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Very Innovative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Policy Innovations 1 comments

Cuba's DIY Spirit

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. Congratulations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 14 comments

When Youre Innovating, Think Inside the Box

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 67 comments

Seeing Yourself as Others See You

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 57 comments

Reinventing the To-Do List: A Multi-billion


Dollar Opportunity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 27 comments

Get the Right People to Notice Your Ideas

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 9 comments

How Bad Is PV Panel Performance?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Solar PV to sustain quality and improved efficiency are prerequisites especially in


developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on PV-Tech 4 comments

Quality issues threaten to give solar a black eye

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Yes. Quality of solar panels is poor in some cases. This is because in
order to grab subsidies,some people install substandard stuff as they have to meet
some hidden costs!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 17 comments

Nobel for Higgs Boson Discovery Ignores How Modern


Science Works

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Congratulations
Peter Higgs and Francois Englert for winning the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Climate experts call for local models to aid prediction

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Yes. There has to be a place for local methods for abating climate
change to be studied and adopted by Scientists.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Focus on Gender: Innovators should consider local


customs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent Story. There are many innovations practiced in rural areas of developing
countries. The users may not be knowing that they are innovations. I myself identified
several methods and exposed them to Scientists and Technologists for approval.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

DOE Maps Path to Huge Cost Savings for Solar

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Very good article. The prices of solar PV are falling no doubt. How about increasing the
efficiency of solar Cell?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on PBS NewsHour Rundown 7 comments

Science and the Shutdown and a Lonely Birthday for NASA

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good post. It is indeed sad that the World's most prestigious NASA my face closure.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 8 comments

This couple has been biking around the world for five years
and 60,000 miles

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

So Bikes cover more continents than Cars do!


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 237 comments

What the IPCC found: The big news from the new climate
assessment

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Timely warning of Human Intervention that may contribute to Climate Change by IPCC.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 95 comments

WTF is the IPCC?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article.
Himalayan glaciers: how the IPCC erred:
The IPCC error on the 2035 prediction was unfortunate and it's important that such
mistakes are avoided in future publications through more rigorous review
This is not the first inaccuracy to be found in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report there have been several papers demonstrating where IPCC predictions have
underestimated the climate response to CO2 emissions. However, this time the climate
response has been overestimated. Specifically, the IPCC AR4 predicted the Himalayan
glaciers would disappear by 2035 which is decidedly not the case. What's the
significance of this error? To determine this, let's look at how it happened
and the broader context.
The error occurs in Section 10.6.2: The Himalayan glaciers of the IPCC Fourth
Assessment Report:
"Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if
the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035
and perhaps sooner is very high if the Earth keeps warming at the current rate.Its total
area will likely shrink from the present 500,000 to 100,000 km2 by
the year 2035 (WWF, 2005)."
The source for this information was "An Overview of Glaciers, Glacier Retreat, and
Subsequent Impacts in Nepal, India and China", a 2005 report by the World Wildlife

Fund. The WWF report was not peer reviewed.


On Page 25, we find:
"In 1999, a report by the Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology (WGHG) of the
International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated: glaciers in the Himalayas are
receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the
livelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high. Direct observation of a
select few snout positions out of the thousands of Himalayan glaciers indicate that they
have been in a general state of decline over, at least, the past 150 years. The prediction
that glaciers in the region
will vanish within 40 years as a result of global warming and that the flow of Himalayan
rivers will eventually diminish, resulting in widespread water shortages (New Scientist
1999; 1999, 2003) is equally disturbing."
The WWF sourced their information from a 1999 news item in New Scientist. Again this
was not peer reviewed (New Scientist is a popular science magazine). The article was
based on an interview with Indian scientist Syed Hasnain, chair of the Working Group
on Himalayan
Glaciology, who speculated that Himalayan glaciers might disappear by 2035. This
speculation was not supported by any formal research(Himalayan glaciers: how the
IPCC erred and what the science says,SkepticalScience.com).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 11 comments

Worlds Largest Solar Thermal Plant Syncs to the Grid

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great day in Solar Power History.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Smartphone With Curved Screen Is On Its Way

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

In the beginning convex shaped TV screens were there which gave place to Flat
Screens. Now again we go for curved ones. History repeats itself!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Student inventors win US funds to bring ideas to market

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent research by the students. Congratulations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 165 comments

Recognize Intrapreneurs Before They Leave

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Outstanding article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 48 comments

Delaying climate action will triple costs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes.Climate action need to be carried out on an urgent basis as


it is a Global problem.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Graphene Leading the Way to Optical Chips

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent research on Graphene in optical Chips.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 15 comments

Special Forces Innovation: How DARPA Attacks


Problems - Harvard Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Outstanding article on DARPA Innovation approach. The


record of DARPAs Innovations is remarkable. I preserve this article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Chemistry World 1 comments

mosquito repellents confuse

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent research. Mosquito menace is biggest in developing countries.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Vulnerable nations have less climate change news

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I agree. Media should take lead in highlighting the Climate issues. Also NGOs have a
moral obligation to protect the planet by enlightening people on vital issues like
Environment,Energy and Sustainable Development.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Poor nations 'can take a lead' in post-2015 agenda

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Developing Nations have to take lead in the agenda.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Professor Peter Piot on science and post-2015


development

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. The report is very useful.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Experts urge water's inclusion in development goals

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Water is essential for survival of humanity. It should be given the top priority.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Plastic bottles could clean arsenic-contaminated water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good research to solve Arsenic problem. Whether it is practical or not,we have to wait
and see.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Termites 'may hold solution to polythene waste'

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good observation. But does it mean to solve one problem we have to face another
problem. Termites are deadly in destruction of wood,paper and other things.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Plastic bags should be managed, not banned

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I agree. I bought simple silk cloth bag which can be folded and put in pocket. It carries
up to 5 Kilograms weight. I used it for a year. It costs very little. It is from China.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

How scientists can reach out with social media

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. I use net and Facebook to advance Science and Technology,Energy
and Environment etc.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Mobile phone data are a treasure-trove for development

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on Mobile Phone Data.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

A future of African-led development is underway

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Africa is emerging as a fast developing economy. It has vast resources.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 65 comments

Wasted food is a huge climate problem

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article. Damaged Fruits and vegetables petrify quickly. One way to utilise them is
to collect in bulk for biogas production. The Garbage collectors can segregate them. In
Europe seperate garbage bins are provided the near houses.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Saudi Arabia boosts nanotech research

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good to know this.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Climate change to hit Saudi's agriculture, water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article on Climate Change Effects in Saudi Arabia.Saudi Arabia can grow Agave
and Opuntia in the desert regions to control climate change to some extent as both are
CAM Plants. Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a
carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce
evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored
as the four-carbon acidmalate, and then used during photosynthesis during the day. The
pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing
photosynthetic efficiency.Biofuel can be obtained from both Agave and Opuntia as well
as biogas for power generation. Both are care-free growth plants.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Saudi Arabia bets on renewable energy

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. There is great scope to harness Renewables in Saudi Arabia.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Off-grid solar sterilisers could aid remote areas

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. Useful in developing countries rural areas.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Nigeria's new science fund takes US as its model

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. I visited Nigeria Twice to present papers at International conferences. Nigeria


has good research Institutes and Universities.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Burkina Faso agrees research and innovation fund

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

It is heartening to note that Burkina Faso will create research and Innovation Fund.
There are many innovators in Africa and given the support they will come out with the

best innovations.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Supporting grassroots innovation: Facts and Figures

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Yes. The Grass root innovators and innovating institutions are doing
great work. Of late there is more and more awareness on the importance of Innovations
at Grass root level in Developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Innovation thinking needs more variety, says UN expert

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Outstanding article on paths to Innovation.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 10 comments

Smart Phones Uses As Much Energy as a Refrigerator

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

The Title of the article is misleading. I am reminded of criticism on solar cell. The critics
of solar cell say that the amount of energy that goes into the production of solar cellis
much more than what it gives in its life time. The contention is the material used in the
solar panel such as glass,aluminium,copper etc are all energy intensive. All said and
dome Mobiles have become part of the life especially in populous countries like India
and China.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 25 comments

Supercomputing a Quieter Wind Turbine

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article. Yes. Noise from Wind Turbines is a criticism especially near the urban
areas. Any reduction in noise from Wind Turbines is most welcome. Excellent research.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 153 comments

Wind, Water, and Solar Power for the World

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Wind,Solar,Biomass etc. are the future energy options of the world. As
far as Biofuel from Sugarcane and Corn is concerned,in the ongoing debate on Food Vs
fuel,fortunately there are alternatives. Agave is a care-free growth plant and it can be
grown in waste lands. Biofuel is obtained from Agave. Mexico is pioneer in it. Also
Opuntia is the source for biogas/biofuel again another care-free growth plant. Power
generation is the best way through biogas route. Both Agave and Opuntia are CAM

Plants.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 10 comments

Compressed Air Energy Storage Makes a Comeback

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article. Compressed Air Energy Storage is a good option.Glad that it is being
revived.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

North China Pollution Cuts Life Expectancy by More than


Five Years

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article on the subject.


I visited China 5 times in the last 12 years and could see the pollution at the coal fired
power plants. Air pollution has been the subject of widespread public outrage in China
since January, when Beijings air quality index (AQI) a similar metric to TSP
regularly exceeded 500, the scales maximum reading, for weeks on end. On January
12, Beijings AQI hit a record 755, 30 times higher than levels deemed safe by the WHO.
Studies established a link between air pollution and reduced life expectancy. One recent
large-scale study concluded that air pollution contributed to 1.2 million premature deaths
in 2010.

China can take lead to replace to the extent possible coal thermal power by
Renewables. China is already leader in Wind and Solar PV exporter.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Electronics Waste Programs Ineffective in Most U.S. States

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes.
Electronic equipment has become a mainstay of American way of life. In one way or
another, it is an integral part of everything they own: TVs
in homes, GPSs in cars, cell phones and MP3 players in ears, blackberries and
video games in hands, and computers in laps and on desks. The electronic
industry generates nearly $2 billion a year, and its no small wonder.
Americans own nearly 3 billion electronic products.
Some computer components can be reused in assembling new computer products,
while others are reduced to metals that can be reused in applications as varied as
construction, flatware, and jewelry.
Substances found in large quantities include epoxy resins, fiberglass, PCBs,
PVC(polyvinyl chlorides), thermo setting plastics, lead, tin, copper, silicon,
beryllium,carbon, iron and aluminium.
Elements found in small amounts include cadmium, mercury, and thallium.
Elements found in trace amounts include americium, antimony, arsenic, barium,bismuth,
boron, cobalt, europium, gallium, germanium, gold, indium, lithium,manganese, nickel,
niobium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, silver,tantalum, terbium,
thorium, titanium, vanadium, and yttrium.
Almost all electronics contain lead and tin (as solder) and copper (as wire and printed
circuit board tracks), though the use of lead-free solder is now spreading rapidly. Most of
the E-waste goes to China,Kenya and other countries. Guiyu in the Shantou region of

China is a huge electronic waste processing area. It is often referred to as the e-waste
capital of the world. The city employs over 150,000 e-waste workers that work
disassembling old computers and recapturing whatever metals and parts they can reuse
or sell. The thousands of individual workshops employ laborers to snip cables, pry chips
from circuit boards, grind plastic computer cases into particles,and dip circuit boards in
acid baths to dissolve the lead, cadmium, and other toxic metals. Others work to strip
insulation from all wiring in an attempt to salvage tiny amounts of copper wire.
Unless effective recycling measures of E-waste are adopted within the
countries,disposal of e waste becomes a menace in countries like US.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Satellite-Based Early Warnings Help Contain Cholera


Outbreaks

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Critical role of Satellite in predicting the outbreak of Cholera.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 10 comments

Wright's Law Edges Out Moore's Law in Predicting


Technology Development

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good discussion about Wright's Law and More's Law in predicting the technology
Development. A person predicting future developments has every reason to guess the

wrong.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Why Africa Can Feed Itselfand Help Feed the World Too

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article. Yes. Africa can feed itself. I visited Kenya,Nigeria,etc. If you can provide
the ideas the young engineers and others can easly catch them and implement.
Renewable Energy Utilisation,Waste lands cultivation with carefree growth plants like
Agave for biofuel and Opuntia for Biogas and subsequent power generation will improve
rural economies in Africa.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 10 comments

Africa: Continent of Plenty

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Yes. Africa is endowed with natural resources and abundant
manpower. What is needed is proper planning,peace and implementing modern
technologies for development. As one economist put it, :" It is not the resources but
resourcefulness that explanins why people perish in the midst of plenty".
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Telecommuting, Serendipity, and Innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent post. Yes. Telecommuting has its own limits.Proximity is well known in
communicating between people. This is something like teleteaching and Blackboard
teaching.
Dr.a.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Tech Trajectories: Four More Moores Laws

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Why not we apply Moore's Law to cost of medicine?


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 47 comments

Artificial Photosynthesis for Splitting Water Reaches OneVolt Milestone

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article.
There are other methods of Hydrogen Production:
Partial oxidation, Plasma reforming, Coal, From water, Electrolysis, Thermolysis,
ferrosilicon method, Photobiological water splitting, Photocatalytic water
splitting, Sulfur-iodine cycle, Biohydrogen routes, Fermentative hydrogen

production, Enzymatic hydrogen generation, Biocatalysed electrolysis and


Renewable hydrogen.
When these methods are yet to be adopted on a large scale hydrogen production,there
is no point in searching for new methods.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good Article.
There are other methods for Hydrogen production:
Partial oxidation, Plasma reforming, Coal, From water, Electrolysis, Thermolysis,
ferrosilicon method, Photobiological water splitting, Photocatalytic water
splitting, Sulfur-iodine cycle, Biohydrogen routes, Fermentative hydrogen
production, Enzymatic hydrogen generation, Biocatalysed electrolysis and
Renewable hydrogen.
When these methods are yet to be adopted on a large scale hydrogen production,there
is no point in searching for new methods.
Hydrogen is mainly used for the conversion of heavy petroleum fractions into lighter
ones via the process of hydro cracking and other petroleum fractions (de hydro
cyclization and the aromatization process). It is also required for cleaning fossil fuels via
hydro desulfurization. Hydrogen is also used for the production of ammonia via Haber
process. In this case, the hydrogen is produced in situ. Ammonia is the major
component of most fertilizers.
Earlier it was common to vent the surplus hydrogen off, nowadays the process systems
are balanced with hydrogen pinch to collect hydrogen for further use.
Hydrogen may be used in fuel cells for local electricity generation, making it possible for
hydrogen to be used as a transportation fuel for an electric vehicle.
Hydrogen is also produced as a by-product of industrial chlorine production by
electrolysis. Although requiring expensive technologies, hydrogen can be cooled,
compressed and purified for use in other processes on site or sold to a customer via

pipeline, cylinders or trucks. The discovery and development of less expensive


methods of production of bulk hydrogen is relevant to the establishment of a
hydrogen economy.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Co.Exist 3 comments

A Magical Paper Prevents Your Food From Rotting

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Outstanding Invention. Congratulations Kavitha Shukla. You are a great inventor.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 22 comments

When Youre Innovating, Resist Looking for Solutions

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Innovation is not a routine work culminating in the Eureka! It comes as
a spark. As such one should not be disappointed if the immediate results are not
forthcoming. Persistence and perseverance are the essential factors for Innovations to
succeed.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Carbon Nanotubes Could Solve Problems With Silicon in


Li-ion Batteries

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent research. Batteries play crucial role in storing energy especially from
Renewables.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Nanowires Give Off Light Under Pressure

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great research.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Nanoparticle Aims to Drive Down Price of Photovoltaics

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. The main constraint for wider use of Solar PV is its low efficiency now. The
research is expected to pave the way for more efficient solar cells which will eventually
bring down the cost of production of power through PV.
Good research. Congratulations to all concerned.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Dye-based Solar Cells Get Bump in Conversion Efficiency


and Lifespan

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Expected to be a breakthrough in solar cell efficiency.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 8 comments

Article Makes a Hash out of Nanotechnology and its Impact

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Interesting article on Nanotechnology.


Nanotechnology (sometimes shortened to "nanotech") is the manipulation of
matter on an atomic and molecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of
nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating
atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as
molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was
subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines
nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1
to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are
important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular
technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and
technologies that deal with the special properties of matter that occur below the given
size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well
as "nanoscale
technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications
whose common trait is size. Because of the variety of potential applications

(including industrial and military), governments have invested billions of


dollars in nanotechnology research. Through its National Nanotechnology
Initiative, the USA has invested 3.7 billion dollars. The European Union has
invested 1.2 billion and Japan 750 million dollars.
Nanotechnology as defined by size is naturally very broad, including fields of science as
diverse assurface science, organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor
physics, microfabrication, etc. The associated research and
applications are equally diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics
to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing
new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic
scale.
Scientists currently debate the future implications of nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast
range of applications, such as in medicine,electronics, biomaterials and energy
production. On the other hand, nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as any
new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of
nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics, as well as speculation
about various doomsday scenarios. These
concerns have led to a debate among advocacy groups and governments on whether
special regulation of nanotechnology is warranted.
An area of concern is the effect that industrial-scale manufacturing and use of
nanomaterials would have on human health and the environment, as suggested by
nanotoxicology research. For these reasons, some groups advocate that
nanotechnology be regulated by governments. Others counter that overregulation would
stifle scientific research and the development of beneficial innovations. Public health
research agencies, such as the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health are actively conducting research on potential health effects stemming
from exposures to nanoparticles.
Some nanoparticle products may have unintended consequences. Researchers have
discovered that bacteriostatic silver nanoparticles used in socks to
reduce foot odor are being released in the wash. These particles are then flushed into
the waste water stream and may destroy bacteria which are critical components of
natural ecosystems, farms, and waste treatment processes..

Public deliberations on risk perception in the US and UK carried out by the


Center for Nanotechnology in Society found that participants were more positive
about nanotechnologies for energy applications than for health applications,
with health applications raising moral and ethical dilemmas such as cost and
availability.
Experts, including director of the Woodrow Wilson Center's Project on Emerging
Nanotechnologies David Rejeski, have testified that successful commercialization
depends on adequate oversight, risk research strategy, and public engagement.
Berkeley, California is currently the only city in the United States to regulate
nanotechnology; Cambridge, Massachusetts in 2008 considered enacting a similar
law,[58] but ultimately rejected it. Relevant for both research on and
application of nanotechnologies, the insurability of nanotechnology is contested. Without
state regulation of nanotechnology, the availability of private insurance for potential
damages is seen as necessary to ensure that burdens are not socialised implicitly.
References
1. Drexler, K. Eric (1986). Engines of Creation: The
Coming Era of Nanotechnology. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19973-2.
2. Drexler, K. Eric (1992). Nanosystems: Molecular
Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computatin. New York: John Wiley & Sons.ISBN 0-47157547-X.
3. Apply nanotech to up industrial, agri output, The Daily Star(Bangladesh), 17 April
2012.
4. Saini, Rajiv; Saini, Santosh, Sharma, Sugandha (2010)."Nanotechnology:
The Future Medicine". Journal of Cutaneous and
Aesthetic Surgery 3 (1): 3233.doi:10.4103/0974-2077.63301.
Retrieved January 23, 2013.
5. Cristina Buzea, Ivan Pacheco, and Kevin Robbie (2007).
"Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity".Biointerphases 2 (4):
MR1771. doi:10.1116/1.2815690.PMID 20419892.
6. Binnig, G.; Rohrer, H. (1986). "Scanning tunneling
microscopy". IBM Journal of Research and Development 30:

7. "CDC - Nanotechnology - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic". National


Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. June 15, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-24.
8. "CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products - Filling the Knowledge Gaps for Safe
Nanotechnology in the Workplace". National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health. November 7, 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
9 Lubick, N. (2008). Silver socks have cloudy lining.
10 Murray R.G.E., Advances in Bacterial Paracrystalline Surface Layers (Eds.: T. J.
Beveridge, S. F. Koval). Plenum pp. 3 9. [9]
11 Barbara Herr Harthorn, "People in the US and the UK show strong similarities in their
attitudes toward nanotechnologies"Nanotechnology Today, January 23, 2009.
12Testimony of David Rejeski for U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and
Transportation Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies. Retrieved on
2008-3-7.
13. Berkeley considering need for nano safety (Rick DelVecchio, Chronicle Staff Writer)
Friday, November 24, 2006
14 Cambridge considers nanotech curbs City may mimic Berkeley bylaws (By
Hiawatha Bray, Boston Globe taff) January 26, 2007
15 Recommendations for a Municipal Health & Safety Policy for Nanomaterials: A
Report to the Cambridge City Manager. July 2008.
16. Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Society, edited by David H. Guston, Sage
Publications, 2010; see Articles on Insurance and Reinsurance (by
I. Lippert).
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 14 comments

How to Pitch a Brilliant Idea - Harvard Business Review

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Outstanding. Quite stimulating to read. Congratulations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 25 comments

The Right Way to Get Your Ideas Heard

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent post. Congratulations the Author.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 18 comments

Five Ways to Innovate Faster

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great post on Innovators and inventors to succeed.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 9 comments

Whats the Status of Your Relationship With Innovation?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great article. Innovate or perish is the Mantra in Industry today. Innovation and invention
are the pillars of development.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 52 comments

Innovation Isn't an Idea Problem

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent post. It is not ideas problem in Innovation but in selecting the right one and
working on it for success.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 12 comments

Why Is Innovation So Often Synonymous


With Disappointment?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good story. Innovation involves a lot of uncertainty. Unless one sticks to the path and
persevere the outcome cannot be positive.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 15 comments

Research: Middle Managers Have an Outsized Impact


on Innovation

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent Story on Innovation and Middle Managers impact in Corporate sector.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 15 comments

Nigerias Big Gamble on One Indigenous Entrepreneur

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good Story. I visited Nigeria twice to attend conferences. I could meet some private
Entrepreneurs who were active in energy field. The country has resources and
manpower. Proper planning will help Nigeria to advance in all fields through innovative
approach.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Ethanol Versus Water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article.
In the discussion Food Vs Fuel there are alternatives.
There is Agave and Opuntia which are care-free growth plants. Both of them are
good input for Biofuel as well as Biogas generation for power production.
Already Mexico is pioneer in it. These can be grown on a massive scale .
Especially in the Developing countries in the waste lands both these crops can
be grown intensively. Both are CAM Plants.There are other uses of Agave:
"Agave has a huge advantage, as it can grow in marginal or desert land, not on arable
land," and therefore would not displace food crops, says Oliver
Inderwildi, at the University of Oxford.

The majority of ethanol produced in the world is still derived from food crops such
as corn and sugarcane. Speculators have argued for years now that using such
crops for fuel can drive up the price of food.
Agave,however, can grow on hot dry land with a high-yield and low environmental
impact.The researchers proposing the plants use have modeled a facility in
Jalisco,Mexico, which converts the high sugar content of the plant into ethanol.
The main drawback for wider application of Biofuels is input. There was a big
movement for biofuel from Jatropha in India but in reality not much has been
achieved. Agave (Americana), Sisal Agave is a multiple use plant which has 10%
fermentable sugars and rich in cellulose. The fibre is used in rope making and
also for weaving clothes in Philippines under the trade name DIP-DRY. In Brazil
a paper factory runs on sisal as input. A Steroid HECOGENIN is extracted from
this plant leaves. Since on putrification,it produces methane gas, it can be
cut and used as input in biogas plants. Also in Kenya and Lesotho dried pieces
of Agave are mixed with concrete since it has fibres which act as binding.
At present, approximately 68.35 million hectare area of the land is lying as
wastelands in India. Agave and Opuntia can be grown in these lands which will
transform the rural economy. Mexico is leader in Biofuel from Agave and Biogas
from Opuntia.
Also biogas can be generated with input from Agave and Opuntia. There are
commercially available Biogas power generation plants from KW size to MW from
Germany,China and Vietnam.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article.
In the discussion Food Vs Fuel there are alternatives.
There is Agave and Opuntia which are care-free growth plants. Both of them are good
input for Biofuel as well as Biogas generation for power production. Already Mexico is

pioneer in it. These can be grown on a massive scale . Especially in the Developing
countries in the waste lands both these crops can be grown intensively. Both are CAM
Plants.There are other uses of Agave:
"Agave has a huge advantage, as it can grow in marginal or desert land, not on arable
land," and therefore would not displace food crops, says Oliver Inderwildi, at the
University of Oxford.
The majority of ethanol produced in the world is still derived from food crops such as
corn and sugarcane. Speculators have argued for years now that using such crops for
fuel can drive up the price of food.
Agave, however, can grow on hot dry land with a high-yield and low environmental
impact. The researchers proposing the plants use have modeled a facility in Jalisco,
Mexico, which converts the high sugar content of the plant into ethanol.
The main drawback for wider application of Biofuels is input. There was a big movement
for biofuel from Jatropha in India but in reality not much has been achieved. Agave
(Americana), Sisal Agave is a multiple use plant which has 10% fermentable sugars and
rich in cellulose. The fibre is used in rope making and also for weaving clothes in
Philippines under the trade name DIP-DRY. In Brazil a paper factory runs on sisal as
input. A Steroid HECOGENIN is extracted from this plant leaves. Since on putrification,it
produces methane gas, it can be cut and used as input in biogas plants. Also in Kenya
and Lesotho dried pieces of Agave are mixed with concrete since it has fibres which act
as binding.
At present, approximately 68.35 million hectare area of the land is lying as wastelands in
India. Agave and Opuntia can be grown in these lands which will transform the rural
economy. Mexico is leader in Biofuel from Agave and Biogas from Opuntia.
Also biogas can be generated with input from Agave and Opuntia. There are
commercially available Biogas power generation plants from KW size to MW from
Germany,China and Vietnam.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Completely Self-Controlled Power Systems Are Proposed

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on the subject.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Nano 'tea bag' purifies water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Microorganisms are heat sensitive.Thermal or UV is crucial in killing the bacteria.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Facebook's internet drive welcome, but lacking detail

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Universal Internet access launched by Facebook is indeed a great step in this


knowledge era.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Cactus purifies water on the cheap, finds study

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. There are other uses of Cactus.


Cactus is a versatile plant which is of care-free growth.
The cultivation of nopal(OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA), a type of cactus, is one of the most
important in Mexico.
According to Rodrigo Morales, Chilean engineer, Wayland biomass, installed on
Mexican soil, allows you to generate inexhaustible clean energy. Through the
production of biogas, it can serve as a raw material more efficiently, by
example and by comparison with jatropha.
Wayland Morales, head of Elqui Global Energy argues that an acre of cactus produces
43 200 m3 of biogas or the equivalent in energy terms to 25,000 liters of diesel. With
the same land planted with jatropha, he says, it will produce
3,000 liters of biodiesel.
Another of the peculiarities of the nopal is biogas which is the same molecule of natural
gas, but its production does not require machines or devices of high complexity. Also,
unlike natural gas, contains primarily methane (75%), carbon dioxide (24%) and other
minor gases (1%), so it has advantages from the technical point of view since it has the
same capacity heat but is cleaner, and as sum datum its calorific value is 7,000 kcal/m3.
Opuntia is a CAM Plant.
As the CO2 content of the air progressively declined millions of years ago, certain plants
evolved specialized biochemical pathways and anatomical adaptations that enabled
them to increase their intracellular CO2 concentration at the site of its fixation, which
allowed the primary carboxylating enzyme rubisco to function more efficiently. The CO2
concentrating mechanism possessed by these CAM plants operates by sequentially
reducing CO2 into carbohydrates at two different times of day. The
initial reduction of CO2 into a four-carbon sugar is done at night - when CAM plant
stomata are open - by the enzyme PEP-carboxylase. Then, during the day when CAM
plant stomata are closed, the four-carbon sugar is decarboxylated, increasing the plant's
intercellular CO2 concentration, and the resulting CO2 is subsequently reduced back

into a carbohydrate, but


this time by rubisco.
Cactus can be grown in waste lands in developing countries to produce biogas and
subsequent power generation. Biogas
power generators from KW size to MW are commercially available from China and
Vietnam.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 1 comments

Solar-powered 'water ATMs' deliver at the last mile

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Though the method uses high tech,how reliable it is in rural areas of developing
countries? Many renewable energy designs like solar PV in rural areas had limited
success. Any technology that needs external personnel maintenance will meet with
limited success. Technology to be successful should be:
AT - Appropriate Technology
Adoptable Technology
Affordable Technology
Acceptable Technology
Accessable Technology.
Also some gadgets have instant success while others fail miserably. The examples are
Bicycle Vs Solar VBox Type Solar Cooker.While bicycle which costs double or triple that
of box type solar cooker,millions of bicycles are there on the roads while hardly about
600,000 Box Type solar cookers are sold(but not all of them used). The reason is ,there
is no provision for frying in box type solar cooker. Only boiling. In South India no meal is
served with out fried curries. There are two approaches in INNOVATION THEORY:
Technology push and Demand Push. If the device meets the user needs,he will readilily
accepts it. TECHNOLOGY IS CULTURE SPECIFIC while SCIENCE IS UNIVERSAL.

In Developing countries Dust isa big problem. Already the efficiency of present solar PV
is low. We have already seen about the dust accumulation at traffic signals.
I designed a 12 liter Solar disinfection unit which costs Rs 2000(about 300 US$) in
South India and which can be fabricated locally.
99.9% pure water is obtainable when the inside temperature in the unit reaches 55
degrees Celsius(outside temperature 30 degrees Celsius. Here both Thermal and UV
present in Sunlight are utilised. This unit will be a boon in developing
countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

Solar-Powered ATMs Bring Clean Water to India's Slums

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

While appreciating the project especially as it uses clean energy,I feel reliability is the
primary concern. Water is essential commodity. In developing countries dust is a big
problem. Already the signal lights with solar panels are facing problem because of dust
and smoke in developing countries. In such endeavors involving community,cooperation is a must. But unfortunately in many cases Co-operation means MORE
COOING AND LESS OPERATION. There are water purification methods which are cost
effective available in developing countries. There is a notion in developing countries that
RURAL IS BAD,URBAN IS BETTER AND FOREIGN IS THE BEST.
.I designed a 12 liter Solar disinfection unit which costs Rs 2000(about 300 US$) in
South India and which can be fabricated locally. 99.9% pure water is obtainable when
the inside temperature in the unit reaches 55 degrees Celsius(outside temperature 30
degrees Celsius. Here both Thermal and UV present in Sunlight are utilised. This unit
will be a boon in developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Nodoubt the project looks novel andwhat is more it uses solar energy. But the point is
how reliable the system in developing countries. Dust is a major constraint in developing
countries.. Already the efficiency of solar cell is low. Drinking water is an essential
commodity and as such reliability should be the primary concern. Already the signalling
lights and strreet lights suffer from this Dust problem. In such ventures especially in the
community projects in rural areas Co-operation is essential. But in many cases Cooperation means MORE COOING AND LESS OPERATION!
What developing countries need badly are devices which can be fabricated locally and
maintained with local skills. There are low cost water purification devices that are
available now. Unfortunately in the developing countries there is a notion that RURAL IS
BAD,URBAN IS BETTER AND FOREIGN IS THE BEST!
I designed a 12 liter Solar disinfection unit which costs Rs 2000(about 300 US$) in
South India and which can be fabricated locally. 99.9% pure water is obtainable when
the inside temperature in the unit reaches 55 degrees Celsius(outside temperature 30
degrees Celsius. This unit will be a boon in developing countries.
Details of the Unit:
http://www.harvesth2o.com/adob...
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 6 comments

Carbon Emissions: Tax or Regulate?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Prevention is better than cure. Pollution is such a widespread problem regulation makes
sense.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 12 comments

200 000 EV Fast Chargers by 2020?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

EV s will be the most clean transportation. Hydrogen and fuel cells too.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 18 comments

Renewable Energy to Be Price Competitive in Western US


by 2025

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good forecast. It may be achieved.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 5 comments

Personal Comfort Systems Could Slash Office Energy Use


by 30 Percent

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Energy saving at every level(even if it causes little bit uncomfort) has to be adopted by
every one. Air Conditioners consume maximum energy in domestic use. Traditional
architecture (for example mud hoses in Rajasthan),cross ventilation will reduce the
consumption of power in houses and offices with ceiling and pedestal fans in developing
countries. It was estimated in Mumbai(India), out of 2700 MW usage of Electricity per
day 1000 MW goes to Air Conditioning!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 7 comments

How to Harness the Power of 70,000 Suns

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. With more and more efficient solar cells coming into market in the
future(near!),it is expected solar energy(PV and CSP) will be affordable in developing
countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 3 comments

Solar Panels Return to the White House

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I salute President Barack Obama for his commitment to promote Renewable Energy
and to combat Climate Change.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
2 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 53 comments

Another Very Strong Year for U.S. Wind

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Wind Energy is advancing in US in leaps and bounds. Already US occupies


second position in the wind. With more emphasis on Offshore Wind Farms in US,the
wind energy will be the best alternative to conventional energy in US.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 117 comments

Germany Could Face Electricity Customer Revolt

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

The article may not give the true picture of power position in Germany vis a vis
Renewable Energy.
Germany's renewable energy sector is among the most innovative and successful
worldwide. The share of electricity produced from renewable energy in Germany has
increased from 6.3 percent of the national total in 2000 to about 25 percent in the first
half of 2012. In 2011 20.5% (123.5 TWh) of Germany's electricity supply (603 TWH)
was produced from renewable energy sources, more than the 2010
contribution of gas-fired power plants.
Siemens chief executive, Peter Lscher believes that Germanys target of generating 35
per cent of its electricity from renewables by 2020 is achievable and, most probably,
profitable for Europes largest engineering company. Nordex, Repower, Fuhrlnder and
Enercon arewind power companies based in Germany. Solon SE, Q-Cells and Conergy
are solar powercompanies based in Germany, which had held an important share of the
world market, but have all had to file for insolvency due to Chinese competition and
major cuts in guaranteed feed-in tariffs (Solon: 11/2011, Q-Cells: 4/2012,

Conergy:7/2013). Every third solar panel and every second wind rotor is made in
Germany, and German turbines and generators used in hydro energy generation are
among the most popular worldwide. In 2010, investments totaling 26 billion euros were
made in Germanys renewable energies sector.
According to official figures, some 370,000 people in Germany were employed in the
renewable energy sector in 2010, especially in small and medium sized companies.
This is an increase of around 8 percent compared to 2009
(around 339,500 jobs), and well over twice the number of jobs in 2004 (160,500). About
two-thirds of these jobs are attributed to the Renewable Energy Sources Act Germany
has been called "the world's first major renewable energy economy".
However German consumers pay the highest electricity prices in Europe. However,
prices are set to rise because the renewable energy surcharge is projected to increase
from 5.3 cents to between 6.2 and 6.5 cents per kilowatt hour along with a higher
surcharge to finance the power grids of 0.2 to 0.4 cents per kwh. In 2013 German
consumers will pay 20 billion ($26 billion) for electricity from solar, wind and biogas
plants to consume electricity with a market price of just over 3 billion.
According to a government study, electricity will cost up to 40 cents a kilowatt-hour by
2020, a 40-percent increase over today's prices.
If too much power comes from the grid, wind turbines have to be shut down, but
consumers must pay for the "phantom electricity" the turbines are theoretically
generating. Occasionally, the country has to pay to get rid of excess power instead of
getting paid for producing it, creating "negative electricity prices". To attract investors,
the government agreed to pay 19 cents per kilowatt-hour for offshore wind, 50 percent
more than from land-based wind farms and assumed liability. New high-voltage power
lines will transport offshore energy to western and southern Germany. Grid expansion
costs are estimated at 20 billion, excluding cables to bring the power ashore.
Today Energy from Renewables may be expensive compared to Conventional power but
as advances in the Renewable Energy Efficiency increases,
the difference will narrow down Germany is also known to offer free education to
Graduate students in Universities. In Germany, most of the institutions of higher
education charge no or very little tuition fee to the tune of 500 Euro per
semester. However, one has to pay semester contribution ranging from Euro 50 to
250, depending upon the university and the services or benefits provided.

Besides one has to take into account your living expenses of around Euro 740 a
month and travel expenses to and from home country.Many developing country
students got benefit from the excellent education offered in Germany compared
to the very expensive education in US.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
5 EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 12 comments

Storing Energy Isn't Always the Best Idea

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article on storing energy from solar and wind.


Storing energy allows humans to balance the supply and demand of energy. Energy
storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical,
electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.
Energy storage became a dominant factor in economic development with the
widespread introduction of electricity. Unlike other common energy storage in prior use
such as wood or coal, electricity must be used as it is being generated, or converted
immediately into another form of energy such as potential, kinetic or chemical. Until
recently electrical energy has not been converted and stored on a major scale, however
new efforts to that effect began in the 21st century.
An early solution to the problem of storing energy for electrical purposes was the
development of the battery as an electrochemical storage device. Batteries have
previously been of limited use in electric power systems due to their relatively small
capacity and high cost. However, since about the middle of the first decade of the 21st
century, newer battery technologies have been developed that can now provide
significant utility scale load-leveling capabilities; some of which, as of 2013, showed
promise of being competitive with alternative methods. A similar possible solution to
deal with the intermittency issue of solar and wind energy is found in the capacitor.
Some areas of the world such as Washington and Oregon in the United States, and
Wales in the United Kingdom, have used geographic features to store large quantities of

water in elevated reservoirs, using excess electricity at times of low demand to pump
water up to the reservoirs, then letting the water pass through turbine generators to
retrieve the energy when electrical demands peak.
Many renewable energy sources (most notably solar and wind) produce intermittent
power. Wherever intermittent power sources reach high levels of grid penetration,
energy storage becomes one option to provide reliable energy supplies. Other options
include recourse to peaking power plants, methane storage (excess renewable
electricity to hydrogen via electrolysis, combine with CO2 (low to neutral CO2 system) to
produce methane (synthetic natural gas sabatier process) with stockage in the natural
gas network)[28][29]and smart grids with advanced energy demand management.
The latter involves bringing "prices to devices", i.e. making electrical equipment and
appliances able to adjust their operation to seek the lowest spot price of electricity. On a
grid with a high penetration of renewables, low spot prices would correspond to times of
high availability of wind and/or sunshine.
Seasonal thermal energy storage stores heat deep in the ground via a cluster of
boreholes, the Drake Landing Solar Community in Alberta, Canada has achieved a 97%
solar fraction for year 'round heating, with solar collectors on the garage
roofs as the heat source. In Braestrup, Denmark, the community's solar district
heating system also utilizes STES, at a storage temperature of 65 oC. A heat pump,
which is run only when there is surplus wind power available on the national grid, is
used when extracting heat from the storage to raise the temperature to 80 oC for
distribution. This helps stabilize the national grid, as well as contributing
to maximal use of wind power. When surplus wind generated electricity is not
available, a gas-fired boiler is used. Presently, 20% of Braestrup's heat is
solar, but expansion of the facility is planned to raise the fraction to 50%.
References:
1. Wild, Matthew, L. Wind Drives Growing Use of Batteries, The New York Times,
July 28, 2010, pp. B1.
2. Diane Cardwell (July 16, 2013). "Battery Seen as Way to Cut Heat-Related Power
Losses". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
3. Natural Resources Canada, 2012. Canadian Solar Community Sets New World
Record for Energy Efficiency and Innovation. 5 Oct. 2012.

4. Solar District Heating (SDH). 2012. Braedstrup Solar Park in Denmark Is Now a
Reality! Newsletter. 25 Oct. 2012. SDH is a European Union-wide program.
5.Weeks, Jennifer (2010-04-28). "U.S. Electrical Grid Undergoes Massive Transition to
Connect to Renewables".Scientific American. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 3 comments

Nano 'tea bag' purifies water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

These won't work at all.


Microorganisms are heat sensitive. Unless Thermal and UV are used safe drinking
water cannot be obtained. Some efforts were there in Bangladesh on Saree filtering. I
have developed a SOLAR DISINFECTION Unit using Solar Thermal and UV. The unit
for 12 litres of pure drinking water costs Rs 2000(about 350 US $) in South India. All the
materials in the fabrication are available. This will be a boon for Rural Areas in
Developing countries.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 2 comments

Japan's Hottest Commodity: Water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes,It is. I was in Japan for a fortnight and was surprised about the cost of small bottled
water. Mineral water costs more than a soft drink.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 1 comments

How to Start a Farmers Market in Your Living Room

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. Getting vegetables fresh as well as at affordable prices is a big problem in


many countries. Hydroponics and CHAPMAN Drip Irrigation can be adopted by people
both urban and rural.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 11 comments

Fix This/Water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Water is the elixir of Life -- Leonardo da vinci.


In the future Water and Energy play a crucial role . In Developing countries especially in
the remote areas accessibility to potable water is a big challenge.
Dr A..Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 1 comments

Can Cars Run on Gas Made out of Thin Air?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent Innovation.Amazing.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 1 comments

China's Factory Owners Hunt for Energy Savings

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Energy Saving is as important as Energy Generation. Each Kwh saved is each
Kwh generated.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 6 comments

Will Cloud Computing in China Be a Boon or Peril for


Business?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on Cloud Computing in China.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 273 comments

Homegrown Green Energy Is Making Power Utilities


Irrelevant

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. There is more and more usage of power from Renewables. Hence Decentralised
power will play a major role.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 15 comments

For Diabetics, a New Insulin Inhaler Could Replace Shots


as Early as 2014

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good news for Diabetics. In India Diabetes is the most common disease.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Businessweek.com 1 comments

Meet the 4th Most Innovative Man in the World

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great Innovator. Congratulations


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on SciDev.Net 2 comments

Focus on Poverty: We can create solar nations

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent. Other Developing countries can adopt this model.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 31 comments

How to Grow All Your Food on a Tenth of an Acre

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Yes. It is intensive farming.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 10 comments

Ancient grain offers Mexicans a promising alternative to


corn

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good alternative.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 24 comments

Beat the heat with trees and fans, even in Florida

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Why not developing countries follow these. Out of 2700 MW Power consumption per
day in Mumbai(India) Air Conditioning accounts for1000 MW!

Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
6 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 35 comments

Wind industry and enviros team up to study bird deaths

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

On the top of the Wind Turbine Hang the 2 Foot diameter (16 inch Inflated) Scare-Eye to
scare away flocks of nuisance birds who are repelled by its bright color and the unusual
design. The eyes exaggerate the glaring eyes and gaping mouth of a predator bird.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on TreeHugger.com 4 comments

Generous cities: biomimicry and urban design

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent post. Bio mimicry is followed in many cases of Science and technology
breakthroughs.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Social Enterprise Buzz 1 comments

Social Innovation in South Korea with The Hope Institute


(Interview)

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on SOCIAL ENTERPRISE in SOUTH KOREA.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 3 comments

New York City gets public solar-powered cell phone


chargers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Today dual powered(Solar/USB/Electric) are available at a competitive price from China.


They are durable and reliable. One can carry them along with the Mobile. Do Americans
waste their time just for Mobile charging in public places?
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Knowledge@Wharton Today 1 comments

Infosys Co-Founder Murthy Returns to Right the


Floundering Firm

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good post. Mr.Narayana Murthy is avisionary and is expected to bring in the much
needed leadership to set right the things in Infosys.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 32 comments

Batteries included: New wind turbines and solar panels


come with built-in storage

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Improved and innovative method in Renewable Energy.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on 360Cities 187 comments

Mars Gigapixel Panorama - Curiosity rover: Martian solar


days 136-149

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 5 comments

Solar energy not war

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Solar co-operatives exist in US,Germany,Canada etc. Windfarm co-operatives are


already there in Denmark,Australia,Germany,Netherlands,UK and United States.
Co-operative ownership of renewable energy is not new. In Denmark 23% of the
countrys energy supply comes from 3,000 wind turbines owned by approximately
150,000 co-operative members. In 1997, Baywind in Cumbria became the first
community owned renewable installation in the UK. It has been paying out interest to
members on an annual basis ever since. As a result, Baywind was inundated with

questions from other community groups wanting to do the same


thing and this led to the creation of Energy4All in 2002. Since then
Energy4All has helped to set up 7 wind co-operatives in the UK with over 6,000
members. This has led to communities all over the UK starting to set up other wind,
hydropower and solar co-operatives along similar lines to these original wind co-ops.
Co-operatives are democratic structures with the legal ability to raise money directly
from members of the public. With a one member one vote system and a board elected
from the membership, they offer a fair and transparent way to operate a community
owned renewable energy business. They also have the power to prioritise investment
from the local area, ensuring that as much as possible,
financial benefits from renewable energy are felt by people in the
locality. They are registered and regulated by the Financial Services
Authority (FSA).
The introduction of Feed in Tariffs (FIT) in April 2010 has started to create more
financially viable opportunities for communities to own a range of renewable energy
installations at medium scale.
The largest energy coops in the UK are devoted to wind power, but the number of solar
coops is growing. Theres plenty of room for more: the largest solar coop in the US has
1.3 million members!
Community energy is not a new concept: on the continent, for example, citizens of
Denmark and Germany own 20% of their green
energy capacity.
Westmill Solar Co-operative is the industrial and provident society that owns the
Westmill Solar Park, believed to be the largest community-ownedphotovoltaic power
station in the world.
The project was originally conceived by Adam Twine, the pioneer behind the
neighbouring Westmill Wind Farm Co-operative, built in 2011 and registered for the UK
feed-in tariffs. It has a capacity of 5 MWP.
Westmill Solar Co-operative acquired the solar park in October 2012, under an option
agreement with the original developers. It raised the necessary finance through public
and private share offers and a senior debt bond with a pension fund.

Westmill solar park is in the United Kingdom located on a site of 30 acres near to
Watchfield, on the Wiltshire/Oxfordshire border, just off the A420.The site adjoins that of
the Westmill Wind Farm Co-operative.
The solar power plant has over 21,000 solar panels and
has been operational since July 2011.
When acquired by the Co-operative, it was the largest community-owned photovoltaic
power station in the world.
Here are just some of the many successful community energy schemes in the UK:
Leominster Community Solar (LCS)
LCS
installed a 49kW solar array on Bridge Street Sports Centre in Leominster in
November 2011.
The site generates clean, green electricity for the centre. The Coop raised The
150,725 from 94 locals, and the scheme was oversubscribed by 40%.
Ovesco
Lewes
Ovesco installed a large photovoltaic system on the roof of the Harveys warehouse in
July 2011. The 544 photovoltaic (PV) panels generate 92,000 kWh hours of green
electricity each year enough to save more than 40 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually.
The Coop raised 307,000, mostly via a share offer in the local community.
Bath and West Community Energy
BWCE launched a 400,000 community share offer in September 2011. Over the next
four months they installed solar PV on several schools in the area, part of 1.5
megawatts of community-owned solar in the area.
Brixton Energy
Londons first cooperatively owned solar power project was launched in March 2012.
Brixton Energy Solar 1 houses several hundred square metres of solar panels on the
roof of Elmore House in the Loughborough Estate in Brixton. The solar panels started
generating power on the 30th of March 2012.
Baywind

In 1996/7 the communities of Ulverston and Barrow in Cumbria raised 1.2 million to
buy two turbines. In 1998/99 a second share offer raised a further 670,000 to buy
another turbine. Since then theyve built 5 other projects. The co-op currently has over
1,300 shareholders throughout the UK and abroad.
Hockerton Housing Project
Hockerton Housing Project is the UKs first earth sheltered sustainable
housingdevelopment: together the five houses generate 80% their energy needs onsite
through wind turbines and solar pv, topped up by a renewable energy tariff zero
carbon since 1997!
Sustainable Hockerton installed a community-owned wind turbine in 2009, generating
electricity equivalent to the amount used by homes in the parish. The 75 members
invested a total of 235,000 and receive interest on their shares; and remaining profits
will be invested in local sustainability projects.
Boyndie Wind Farm Co-op
Boyndie Wind Farm Co-op raised 750.000 and purchased a stake in Falck Renewables
in 2006. The 716 members, each with a shareholding ranging from 250 to 20,000,
receive annual interest on their shares. The wind farm generates 14 MW at full capacity.
Fesa
Fesa in south Germany raises capital for energy co-op projects in South-Baden. So far
they have raised about 20 million for investments in regional energy systems, including
nine wind turbines, eight solar power systems, one hydroelectric power system and a
power saving scheme.
Danish Wind Guilds
Danish Wind Coops provided much of the early impetus behind Danish renewable
energy
Over 600MW of Denmarks wind capacity is owned by guilds with over 100,000
members owning around 3200 turbines. Partnerships between the wind guilds and wind
turbine manufactureres has helped
Danish industry become a leading country once.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Here is an exciting story of crowd funding of loans for solar


development projects in US.
Mosaic is
a solar project finance company based in Oakland, California. Founded in 2010, Mosaic
enables crowd funding of loans for solar development projects. For that reason,GigaOM
referred to the company as "the Kick starter for Solar. Through this model, the company
aims to democratize the social and environmental benefits of clean energy. Mosaic is a
certified benefit corporation.
The companys first three for-profit projects sold out within 24 hours in January and
raised $300,000 from more than 500 investors who will earn a 4.5 percent return. This
month, California regulators authorized Mosaic to offer up to $100 million in loans for
commercial solar projects. Its first project under that authorization, a $157,750 loan to
install a 114-kilowatt array on the Ronald McDonald House in
San Diego, was funded within six hours by 171 investors.
Parish, 31, dropped out of Yale University a decade ago to co-found the Energy Action
Coalition, a nationwide student network devoted to fighting climate change. But after the
2009 climate talks in Copenhagen, he decided that the most effective way to drive a
clean
energy transition was to dive into the renewable energy business. In an interview with
Yale Environment 360 contributor Todd Woody, Parish talked about why his generation
has pursued environmental goals through entrepreneurship, how crowd funding can fuel
the solar revolution, and how he discovered that sweet spot where making
money and doing good overlap.
On Mosaic further plans Parish says,I think Mosaic will evolve over time into a platform
that more people see as an important part
of a diversified investment portfolio. I think a lot of institutional
investors, financial advisors, and individuals will put more capital to work in this space,
and I think were well positioned to be the platform to facilitate that.

We have about 1,200 investors now in 44 states. The average investment is $1,000.
They range from 18 years old to 95 years old and the mean investor age is 40, but the
most common investor is 28 years old, probably lives in the [San Francisco] Bay Area.
Its not quite 60-40 male/female, and while the profile started out with more
philanthropic motivation, increasingly people are coming on because they like the
investment on a pure returns basis.
In India also similar ventures can be started to make Solar a peoples movement.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 4 comments

Mainstream Renewable Power, Actis Announce 600 MW


Solar, Wind Energy JV In Chile

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

glad that more and more Latin American countries are going in for large scale
Renewable Energy Projects in Wind and Solar.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 2 comments

Australian Government To Invest A$400 Million In 150 MW


Rural Renewable Energy Projects

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Australia being a vast country decentralkised Renewable energy Systems make sense.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 2 comments

Biofuels From Waste Enzyme From Tiny Marine WoodBorers May Provide Cost-Effective Means To Produce
Biofuel

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great advance. Congratulations.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 2 comments

Training engineers, not Ganga

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Ganga is our Nation's pride. We must preserve its glory.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 2 comments

Ganga saga part II: redesign dams, not rivers

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great post Madam. I fully endorse your views.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 1 comments

Vinegar screening for cervical cancer saves lives at low


cost: Indian study

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great advance in Cancer research.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 2 comments

Infy boss will have to lift image, morale

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. It is a gigantic Task to Mr.Narayana Murthy.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 2 comments

As Narayana Murthy returns, Infosys shares climb 9%

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Let us hope it is not momentary.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 2 comments

Top TCS executives get healthy jump in bonuses,


allowances

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

TCS is doing excellent and the incentives are obvious.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 8 comments

Indias GDP growth hits decade-low of 5% in 2012-13

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

It is of much concern.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on cseindia.org 5 comments

Solar energy not war

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article Madam. The issues raised are pertinent.


India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using
solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation.In the solar
energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km2 area of the
Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 GW
to 2,100 GW. Also India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has released the

JNNSM Phase 2 Draft Policy, by which the Government aims to install 10GW of Solar
Power and of this 10 GW target, 4 GW would fall under the central scheme and the
remaining 6 GW under various State specific schemes.
In July 2009, India unveiled a US$19 billion plan to produce 20 GW of solar power by
2020. Under the plan, the use of solar-powered equipment and applications would be
made compulsory in all
government buildings, as well as hospitals and hotels. On 18 November 2009, it was
reported that India was ready to launch its National Solar Mission under the National
Action Plan on Climate Change, with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013.
From August 2011 to July 2012, India went from 2.5 MW of grid connected photovoltaics
to over 1,000 MW.
Land is a scarce resource in India and per capita land availability is low. Dedication of
land area for exclusive installation of solar arrays might have to compete with other
necessities that require land. The amount of land required for utility-scale solar power
plantscurrently approximately 1 km2 for every 2060 megawatts (MW) generated
could pose a strain on India's available land resource. The
architecture more suitable for most of India would be a highly distributed set of individual
rooftop power generation systems, all connected via a local grid. However, erecting such
an infrastructure, which does not enjoy the economies of scale possible in mass,
utility-scale, solar panel deployment, needs the market price of solar
technology deployment to substantially decline, so that it attracts the
individual and average family size household consumer. That might be possible in the
future, because PV is projected to continue its current cost reductions for the next
decades and be able to compete with fossil fuel.
Here I want to draw a parallel between Wind and Solar Energy development in India.
Wind turbines were totally imported in 1990 and in no time Indian Wind Industry
indigenized most parts and India occupies the 5th position in the World next only to
China,US,Germany and Spain. When such a phenomenal success was there in Wind
why these starting troubles in Solar PV? India with such a huge industrial infrastructure
and talent can indigenize TOTAL SOLAR panel production. When China can do it why
not India? Obviously somewhere something is holding back. When there is ban of
Chinese Wind Turbines import, why Solar Components are allowed?

The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has
significantly increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind
industry compared with Denmark or the United States, India has the fifth largest
installed wind power capacity in the world. In 2009-10 India's growth rate was highest
among the other top four countries.
As of 31 Jan 2013 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 19051.5MW, mainly
spread across Tamil Nadu (7154 MW), Gujarat (3,093 MW), Maharashtra (2976 MW),
Karnataka (2113 MW), Rajasthan (2355 MW), Madhya Pradesh (386 MW), Andhra
Pradesh (435 MW), Kerala (35.1 MW), Orissa (2MW), West Bengal (1.1
MW) and other states (3.20 MW). It is estimated that 6,000 MW of additional wind power
capacity will be installed in India by 2012. Wind power accounts for 6% of India's total
installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country's power. India's wind atlas
is available.
To make it a National movement why not we adopt Wind and
Solar Co-operatives?
Need for Wind Turbine Co-operatives in India:
Wind turbine cooperatives - Origin from Denmark:
To encourage investment in wind power, families were offered a tax exemption for
generating their own electricity within their own
or an adjoining commune.While this could involve purchasing a turbine outright, more
often families purchased shares in wind turbine cooperatives which in turn invested in
community wind turbines.
The role of wind turbine cooperatives is not limited to single turbines. The
Middelgrunden offshore wind farm with 20 turbines the world's largest offshore farm at
the time it was built in 2000 is 50% owned by the 10,000 investors in the
Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative, and 50% by the municipal utility company.
By 2001 over 100,000 families belonged to wind turbine cooperatives, which had
installed 86% of all the wind turbines in Denmark. By 2004 over 150,000 were either
members or owned turbines, and about 5,500 turbines had been installed, although with
greater private sector involvement the proportion owned by cooperatives had fallen to
75%.

Financially, community-based wind projects are structured much differently than


traditional wind farms. In the traditional model, the company that builds and manages a
wind farm retains sole ownership of the development. The owners of the land on which
the
wind turbines were built usually have no stake in development, and are instead
compensated through lease payments or by royalty-based contracts. The more people
that become involved through community wind power, the more democratic the energy
supply system becomes. Energy sellers make a profit, landowners receive leasing fees,
communities get improved infrastructure, local people get jobs, governments receive
taxes, and consumers receive electricity
at competitive prices.
Australia
The Hepburn Wind Project is a wind farm at Leonards Hill near Daylesford, Victoria,
north-west of Melbourne, Victoria.
It comprises two 2MW wind turbines which produce enough
power for 2,300 households.
Canada
A number of community wind projects are in development in
Ontario but the first project that is likely to obtain a FIT contract and
connect to the grid is the Pukwis Community Wind Park. Pukwis will be unique in that it
is a joint Aboriginal/Community wind project that will be majority-owned by the
Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation, with a local renewable energy co-operative
(the Pukwis Energy Co-operative) owning the remainder of the project.
Germany
In Germany, hundreds of thousands of people have invested
in citizens' wind farms across the country and thousands of small and medium sized
enterprises are running successful businesses in a new sector that in 2008 employed
90,000 people and generated 8 percent of Germany's electricity. Wind power has
gained very high social acceptance in Germany, with the development of community
wind farms playing a major role.
The Netherlands

The Netherlands has an active community of wind cooperatives. They build and operate
wind parks in all regions of the Netherlands. This started in the 1980s with the first
Lagerweij turbines. Back then, these turbines could be financed by the members of the
cooperatives. Today, the cooperatives build larger wind parks, but not as large
as commercial parties do. Some still operate self-sufficiently; others partner with larger
commercial wind park developers.
United Kingdom
As of 2012, there are 43 communities who are in the
process of or already producing renewable energy through co-operative structures in the
UK. They are set up and run by everyday people, mostly local residents, who are
investing their time and money and together installing large wind turbines, solar panels,
or hydro-electric power for their local communities
United States
As of 2011, Iowa has just one community owned wind farm,
that is Hardin Hilltop near Jefferson, Iowa. National Windis
a large-scale community wind project developer, with thirteen families of projects in
development or operation. These projects have an aggregate capacity of over 4,000
MW. The vision of the company is to revitalize rural economies by promoting investment
in domestic renewable energy resources. National Wind creates shared ownership with
communities and allows them participation in decisions which are made.
In India also Wind Farm /Solar Co-operatives can be started.
A Wind Fund can be created by Government with contributions from Individuals paying
Income Tax to get tax Exemption under Section 80 C.
This fund will invest in Community Wind Farms (Wind Turbine
Co-operatives) and Solar Co-operatives..
This way Wind and solar will become a mass movement.
In Rajasthan desert area a lot of Solar Farms are coming up.
I visited the area where the present Solar Projects were established. The Problem with
Rajasthan is LOO.
One problem with solar panels that I have repeatedly raised is dust. It's everywhere, and
the atmosphere is full of it. That's a lot of dust, and it coats everything, including solar
panels. And more dust is kicked up by the wind.

Desert countries are of course best suited to photovoltaic generation, but keep in mind
that arid regions also have a bigger problem with dust, that means PV panels have to be
frequently cleaned to maintain optimum power production, and that of course requires a
further expenditure of energy for maintenance.
Some countries are setting up Vast solar arrays in desert
countries and exporting the power to other countries. And the bigger the solar park, the
more people and machines will be needed to keep making the rounds and cleaning the
panels, especially after a dust storm. This continuing expenditure of energy for
maintenance needs to be taken into account. If cleaning is neglected, then before you
know it a solar park's output will drop to half or even below as dust continues to
accumulate.
Dust accumulation on the Solar Panels is a big problem especially in arid regions.
Everybody knows anything immobile is quickly covered, whether hanging laundry,
parked cars or solar panels. Unless regularly
removed, accumulated dust can in one month reduce a solar panel's efficiency by 35
per cent, according to some experts, more if there is a dust storm. Making matters
worse is that, in addition to the dust that blows in from the desert, the region's relatively
high humidity helps turn fine dust into a sort of crust. "It makes the dust stick,"
Using precious water in those regions is expensive nor regular cleaning manually large
installations.
Why not Scientists develop non sticky dust glass ? A glass where the dust won't stick to
the surface but slides with a periodic jerk. A motor can be fitted to the solar panels with
a Timer and power for the motor can be obtained from solar panels themselves. In
Rajasthan,India there is ambitious Solar PV Programme for large scale power. Dust
storms in Rajasthan during summer are common which are carried to far way places.
The Loo is a strong, hot and dry summer afternoon wind from the west which blows over
the western Indo-Gangetic Plain region of North India and Pakistan. It is especially
strong in the months of May and June. Due to its very high temperatures (45 C50 C
or 115F-120F), exposure to it often leads to fatal heat strokes.
Here are interesting points on Desertec?
Desertec is a set of plans for a massive network of solar and wind farms stretching
across the Mena region and intended to connect to Europe via high voltage direct

current transmission cables (which are supposed to only lose 3% of their electricity per
1000km, or 620 miles).
One of the difficulties in maintaining CSPs is the harsh desert itself; while damaging
sandstorms are relatively rare, the troughs must
be tilted away from the wind if it reaches a certain speed. Bodo Becker, operations
manager at a German company specializing in building CSP plants designed for desert
use, says that if the troughs are not moved away from high winds, they act like giant
sails. (Thats definitely not good for the equipment.)
Keeping the troughs clean isnt easy, either; dry cleaning technology is being developed,
but it doesnt quite work yet. Currently, water is used both to cool the heat transfer fluid
and clean the array. Its a lot of water, according to Becker, as reported by the Guardian:
Due to the dusty conditions, we are witnessing about 2% degradation every day in
performance, so we need to clean them daily. We use about 39 cubic meters [10,300
gallons] of demineralized water each day for cleaning across the whole site.
In the Rajasthan area where the solar farms are coming up getting water for regular
cleaning is expensive if not practicable(Every day).
Certainly a study on the effect of sand particles when they strike the solar panels and
their effect on the solar panel and subsequent efficiency reduction should be carried out
as the life of the solar panel is about 20 years. Unlike Wind which is the oldest
Renewable energy, solar is a few years old(on a massive scale) and as such
reliability of solar panels under harsh conditions is a must.
Since India is having an ambitious Solar Energy Program, thorough research in
increasing the efficiency and reliability of the systems is a must.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 66 comments

The Rise of the Mobile-Only User

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Mobile is the greatest invention in recent times, no doubt. But of late it is being misused
to a large extent especially by the youngsters.So is the social media like Facebook.
There must be a check if somebody misuses Mobile to harass people and severe
punishment accorded. Mobile should not become MOB(ile)!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 7 comments

The Other Women's Movement: Factory Workers in the


Developing World

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Infact many women factory workers are paid less salaries as they work for their
sustenance.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Livemint 1 comments

Host of problems shadow India solar power dreams

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. The trouble with solar PV is its low efficiency. The present Solar PV
Efficiency is around 15% while wind about 35%, micro hydel about 60% . Tremendous
research on improving solar cell efficiency is on in countries like Germany,USA,Japan
etc. with improved and efficient materials like Gallium Arsenide,Gallium
Phosphide,Tandem,organic polymer etc. What puzzles me is while countries with low
sunshine like Germany,Spain,US are going in a big way in solar energy utilisation why a
country with abundant sunshine is lagging behind? the reason is we still use low

efficient solar PV Systems for power generation.CSP is better.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 18 comments

Americans main complaint about water is that it tastes too


much like water

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. I agree. The mineral water(Bottled) is very popular in India also. But in the rural
areas people keep drinking water in Mud jars which has natural cooling( mud jars has
pores, evaporation produces cooling).
In Hindu Temples Theertham(Holy Water) is served by priest which has leaves of
Ocimum sanctum,Illiyachi,Green Camphor . These give fine taste besides the water is
preserved safe by these ingredients.
Here are the properties of Ocimum sanctum:
Name: Ocimum sanctum
Filename: Ocimum_sanctum.jpg
Description:
Botanical name : Ocimum sanctum Linn (Black variety)
Family : Lamiaceae
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS
Tulasi, Surasa, Svetatulasi.
AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES
Rasa : Kashaya, Tikta
Guna : Lakhu,
Rooksha
Virya : Ushna
PLANT NAME IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
English :

Holy basil, Sacred basil, Black basil


Hindi : Krishntulsi
Malayalam :
Tulasi, Krishnatulasi, Karutta truttav
PLANT DESCRIPTION
An erect much
branched undershrub, grows up to 1 m in height. Leaves are pale dark brown in
color, simple, opposite, elliptic, oblong, obtuse or acute, serrate, entire,
pubescent on both sides. Petiole slender and hairy. Flwers purplish in elongate
recemes. Fruits nutlets, smooth, not mucilaginous when wet.
MEDICINAL
PROPERTIES
Plant pacifies vitiated tridoshas, cough, asthma, bronchitis,
fever, toxins, vomiting, lumbago, gastric distension, genito-urinary diseases,
ringworm and skin diseases.
Useful part : Whole plant.
The Mineral water Bottlers can put clean Ocimum_sanctum leaves in large quantities of
water adding little green camphor to give mint taste. The water can be filteres and
bottled. This way the natural preservation properties of Ocimum_sanctum and Green
Camphor are protected.
Will the Drinking Water Bottlers consider my Formula of NATURAL DRINKING WATER!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 9 comments

Find the Customers Your Competitors Are Offending

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on HOW TO CHOOSE (NOT TO LOOSE) customers.Well analysed.


Thanks to the author.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

EditView in discussion

Discussion on Global Water Forum 1 comments

Shale gas in India: The wrong path?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article on Shale gas and its role in Indian Energy Scenario.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 22 comments

Watch this video and you will never need to waste an apple
core again

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

It won't require a VIDEO to show this. Everybody does the same in India. But a Rider:
YOU CAN'T BITE MORE THAN WHAT YOU CAN CHEW. So Gentleman in the Video)
be slow in eating the Apple.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 117 comments

Germanys solar-power success: Too much of a good


thing?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Developing countries can follow the fine example of Germany in Harnessing
Renewables.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 4 comments

Rajasthan Becomes Second Indian State To Cross 500 MW


Solar Power Capacity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh Bill_Woods 2 years ago

We are concerned about Dust kicked up.


EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 107 comments

Not all renewables are created equal

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article. Yes. Renewables Differ widely. The paradox is each promoter of a
particular Renewable Energy thinks it is superior. But all efforts should be to utilise
Renewables where ever each one is strong.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
3 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 12 comments

Lockheed Martin To Build Worlds First Ocean Thermal


Power Plant Off China Coast

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

It is heartening to note this. In fact ENERGY ISLAND concept of utilising


OTEC,Solar,Wind and Hydrogen developed by Dominic Michele and his group will open
up new possibilities of harnessing OTEC.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion uses the temperature difference between surface
and deep-sea water to generate electricity and though it has an efficiency of just 1-3%
- researchers believe an OTEC power plant could deliver up to 250MW of clean power,
equivalent to one eighth of a large nuclear power plant, or one quarter of an average
fossil fuel power plant. Architect and engineer Dominic Michaelis and his son Alex,
along with Trevor Cooper-Chadwick
of Southampton University are developing the concept with plans of putting the theory to
the test on an unprecedented scale by building a floating, hexagonal Energy Island that
will harness energy from OTEC, as well as from winds, sea currents, waves, and the
sun.
The US National Renewal Energy Laboratory estimates that the worlds tropical seas
absorb the solar power equivalent of 250 billion barrels of oil per day. OTEC uses warm
surface water to vaporize a fluid with a low boiling point, typically ammonia or propane,
and pumps cooler water from depths of up to 1000 meters below the surface to re
condense the fluid. The movement of the liquid through the system is enough to
continually power a turbo-generator. The simplistic
nature of the station, which behaves almost like a gigantic internal combustion engine,
allows OTEC power plants to be largely self-sufficient. And unlike wind and solar energy,
which have a fluctuating output that changes according to the weather and the time of
day, the regularity of ocean temperatures and movements provide a far more stable and
consistent source of power. As the Energy Island site states, despite being 100 years
old, OTEC is in its infancy.
But given the renewed interest, and the multitude of various benefits, its possible that
the next 100 years of this concept could profoundly change the energy and
environmental management of the Earth.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 17 comments

Solar PV Module Prices Have Fallen 80% Since 2008, Wind


Turbines 29%

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

But even then Solar PV is a far cry in many developing countries. It is not the fall of price
but increase of Efficiency that matters. Solar PV Efficiency is around 15% while wind
turbines 35%,micro/minihydel about 60%. Unless improved material and efficient solar
Cells are available in the World, SOLAR PV cannot be competitive with other
Renewables leave away conventional power.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 41 comments

What if we never run out of oil?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article.
Our current system of trade is based on the availability of cheap fossil fuels. Yet the time
nears when prices will rise and oil will become increasingly scarce. If we want to
avoid this vulnerability, we must now begin to think about ways to reduce our
dependency and promote the idea of self-sustaining towns and communities.
In June 2010, Lloyds Insurance and Chatham House issued a report called Sustainable
Energy Security: strategic risks and opportunities for business, which argued that
energy security is now inseparable from the
transition to a low-carbon economy and business plans should prepare for this new
reality. So what might it look like if our response to climate change is also designed to

respond to energy security, and the imminent peaking in world oil production (or peak
oil)? The Transition movement, which began in Ireland and is now active in hundreds of
communities around the world, is a huge
collective experiment in trying to figure this out. Its premise is that just as cheap energy,
particularly liquid fuels, have made economic globalization possible, so will it become
increasingly difficult to sustain as these fuels
become scarcer...
In a thought provoking article World Without Oil(
Sustainable City News), Lise Maring argues:
The world is now consuming roughly 77 million barrels of oil a day. And the demand
grows every year as other countries aspire to our style of living and level of
consumption. What's really interesting is that out of that 77 million barrels, the U.S.
consumes most of it. In 2002, the U.S. consumed 19.66 million barrels a day on the
average--more than one-quarter of the entire world's oil
consumption--and the demand in this country continues to grow every year. You can
check this out for yourself on this US Department of Energy web site: eia.doe.gov
Today, much of our food travels an average of 1200 to 1500 miles before it gets to our
tables. Most of the vegetables consumed in the East were transported overland by truck
from California. The roads the trucks roll on are made of asphalt. Where does asphalt
come from? You guessed it--from petroleum. When the supplies of asphalt become
more restricted, our entire transportation
system may very well begin to deteriorate. There are some substitutes, but certainly not
in the quantities required to maintain a national road system. And the substitutes also
require energy to manufacture and transport. Which
roads will be sacrificed first? Will it be the interstate system on the edge of town, or the
street in front of your home?
And, oh, by the way, those tires on the trucks and on your
family car? They also required petroleum in their manufacture and distribution. Along
with the machinery that mined the iron ore, converted it into steel, and
formed it into the frame for your car.
So, okay, what else is oil used for? Well, plastics for one
thing! Look around you. How much of your world is made up of plastic? The keyboard
you type on is most likely plastic, as are the casings for your monitor and your printer.

Much of our food comes in plastic containers, even


our eggs these days, and the spouts on our plastic-coated juice and milk cartons are
themselves plastic as well. The hospitals depend on disposable plastic supplies, such
as syringes and oxygen tubing. Bottom line: it would
take a book to document all the uses of plastic, and plastic depends on the rich
chemical soup called petroleum. Oh, and have you looked at what ink is made of? Or
that pen in your hands?
But it doesn't stop there. The roofing tiles and tar paper used in home construction
require petroleum for their manufacture and distribution; the lubricants in our engines
and machinery--even "synthetic" oils--are currently oil-derived. Many medications
require petroleum for their
manufacture. Our synthetic textiles, such as nylon and rayon, depend on the chemicals
derived from petroleum. Petroleum, in other words, touches every industryevery
technologyevery businessevery homeand each and every one of us in one vital
way or another, every single day of every single week.
Many people have suggested all we have to do is begin
manufacturing oil and plastics from organic sources such as corn or soybeans or other
such crops. Unfortunately, there is only so much land available, and most of the arable
land is currently being used to grow food--or is being developed into more homes and
shopping centers. The nice thing about oil is that it is underground and takes up
relatively little space to extract. So, do we give up
food production for energy substitutes and plastics instead? And who is it that will go
hungry while perfectly good farmland is used to grow plastic for all
those McDonald's Happy Meal toys?
It may be that in the not too distant future, we end up with
several different schemes for energy production that will indeed keep us warm and allow
us to keep driving our cars while the tires hold out. But one thing's for sure: no single
method will be able to replace petroleum and everything we use it for.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 9 comments

Adorable dog has four bionic legs

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Human conquers nature's disability!


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 90 comments

Energy CEO: Solar should break up with wind, date natural


gas, have distributed babies

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good article.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 2 comments

Falling prices for renewable energy could lead to a tripling


of investment

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Good news for Renewable Energy Supporters.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 8 comments

This solar power system makes electricity and clean water


at the same time

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Will be a major breakthrough in multiple use solar Energy.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on Greenpeace India 3 comments

Renewable energy a reality in some states, still a pipe


dream in others

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent
article. Though there is loud talk on Renewables,much needs to be done in this
area in many states. Even Simple solar cookers,solar driers,small wind
turbines,energy conservation in lighting,energy efficient electric motors etc.
are yet to be promoted on a massive scale.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 4 comments

Rajasthan Becomes Second Indian State To Cross 500 MW


Solar Power Capacity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

No doubt Desert in Rajasthan experiences high temperatures especially in Summer. I


visited Jaisalmer area in Summer in connection with Wind Project there. I visited the
area where the present Solar Projects were established. The Problem with Rajasthan is
LOO.
One problem with solar panels that I have repeatedly raised is dust. It's everywhere, and
the atmosphere is full of it it's estimated that about 1,000 tons of dust fall to Earth
from space each year. That's a lot of dust, and it coats everything, including solar
panels. And more dust is kicked up by the wind.
Desert countries are of course best suited to photovoltaic
generation, but keep in mind that arid regions also have a bigger problem with dust, that
means PV panels have to be frequently cleaned to maintain optimum power production,
and that of course requires a further expenditure of energy for maintenance.
Some countries are setting up Vast solar arrays in desert
countries and exporting the power to other countries. And the bigger the solar park, the
more people and machines will be needed to keep making the rounds and cleaning the
panels, especially after a dust storm. This continuing expenditure of energy for
maintenance needs to be taken into account. If cleaning is neglected, then before you
know it a solar park's output will drop to half or even below as dust continues to
accumulate.
Dust accumulation on the Solar Panels is a big problem
especially in arid regions.
Everybody knows anything immobile is quickly covered, whether
hanging laundry, parked cars or solar panels.
Unless regularly removed, accumulated dust can in one month
reduce a solar panel's efficiency by 35 per cent, according to some experts, more if
there is a dust storm. Making matters worse is that, in addition to the dust that blows in
from the desert, the region's relatively high humidity helps turn fine dust into a sort of
crust. "It makes the dust stick,"
Using precious water in those regions is expensive nor regular cleaning manually large
installations.

Why not Scientists develop non sticky dust glass ? A glass where the dust won't stick to
the surface but slides with a periodic jerk. In Rajasthan,India there is ambitious Solar PV
Programme for large scale power. Dust storms in Rajasthan during summer are
common which are carried to far way places.
The Loo is a strong, hot and dry summer afternoon wind from
the west which blows over the western Indo-Gangetic Plain region of North India and
Pakistan. It is especially strong in the months of May and June. Due to its very high
temperatures (45 C50 C or 115F-120F), exposure to it often leads to fatal heat
strokes.
Infact there are places hot enough like Ramagundam,Kothagudem,Rentachintala in
Andhra Pradesh.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on The Humanist 14 comments

Cheating Students

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Excellent article.
Yes. Mahatma Gandhijis views on Education with human values
especially at the school level are still relevant today.
Here is an excellent short article, Relevance Of Gandhian Ideals In The Scheme Of
Value Education by P. I. Devraj & Shyamala K.( Comprehensive Site By Gandhian
Institute Bombay Sarvodaya Mandal & Gandhi Research Foundation)
The importance of providing value education is felt necessary today because the
present system of education cannot contribute much to the individual and social
development. Value-oriented education does not mean preaching of mere moral
sciences or propagating particular religious tenets, but it is imparting knowledge of
values considered
functional for both individual as well as society.

Gandhi's philosophical, religious, economic and social approach and a number of


contemporary Gandhian perspectives are relevant to an understanding of human values
and social change today. By Gandhian ideals in the education policy, we will be able to
inspire the whole world by his ideas of truth, nonviolence, peace and love.
Gandhi frequently asserted that mass illiteracy is a curse that hampers the development
of a nation. He wrote: " I am a firm believer in the principle of free and compulsory
primary education for India". Gandhi felt that education should not only increase
knowledge but also develop culture in heart and hand. Another of Gandhi's interests lay
in character building. Education without character building was not education according
to him. He
considered a strong character as the basic of a good citizen. So the issues of character
building through value-based education on the one hand and that of integrating science
and technology on the other hand have to go together.
So we, in the contemporary situation, have to draw a balanced evaluation of science
because its progress has a great role to play in determining the directions of value
education.
In order to bring about social change we have to channelize human values through
education. Truth and nonviolence can generate human values. Declaring the importance
of nonviolence, he said: "Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last
article of my reed." He further added: "Without Ahimsa it is not possible to seek and find
truth, Ahimsa and truth are so intertwined that it is practically impossible to disintegrate
and separate them. They are like the two sides of the same coin." Development of
peace and security through cooperation seems to be essential for the modern society's
progress and prosperity. This is possible because values and improvement are
intertwined.
Value education in the sense of gaining knowledge of values is not
enough but have to be realized and loved by selecting the values which are
relevant and best suited to the needs of our country. Gandhi infused in us a
hope through his ideals of love, tolerance, truth, nonviolence and service of
mankind which are even more relevant today than they were in his own time and
they will continue to exercise a lasting influence in our society.
It may be said that the foundations of an ideal civilization as conceived
by Gandhi was based on Truth and Nonviolence as the integrally related means

and ends. They are values central to any society because all human relations in
the social, political as well as economic spheres are influenced by them in one
way or the other. They are to be the standards and goals of our society. These
can also become the foundations of a more peaceful and happy world order which
is very much the need of mankind today.
In the field of education and especially in society today, "humanistic education" is the
subject of considerable interest and controversy. Many people of good will immediately
react "for it" or "against it," depending on previous experience with the term...Actually,
the term means many different things to different people. Humanistic education is an
educational approach. Most educators who advocate humanistic education typically
intend this approach to mean one or more of three things:
1. Humanistic education teaches a wide variety of skills which are needed to function in
today's world--basic skills such as reading, writing and computation, as well as skills in
communicating, thinking, decision-making, problem-solving and knowing oneself.
2. Humanistic education is a humane approach to education--one that helps students
believe in themselves and their potential, that encourages compassion and
understanding, that fosters self-respect and respect for others.
3. Humanistic education deals with basic human concerns--with the issues throughout
history and today that are of concern to human beings trying to improve the quality of
life--to pursue knowledge, to grow, to love, to find meaning for one's existence.
Humanistic education methods are used in public and private schools, the family,
religious education, business and other settings.
Humanistic education is essential for preparing young people to be citizens in a
democracy.If democracy is to work, its citizens must be educated. They must know how
to gather information, distinguish fact from opinion, analyze propaganda, understand
many different viewpoints, understand justice, think for themselves, communicate their
opinions clearly, and work with others for the common good. These are among the most
important skills that humanistic education seeks to teach our youth.
The concept of Gurukulam in India and Folkeschools in Denmark is to develop
humanistic values.

It is hoped the Ministry of Human Resource Development,State Governments,Agencies


connected with Education and others will contribute towards evolving a True Humanistic
Value based education fitting to the culture and traditions of our great country.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 1 comments

Nanostructures of Butterfly Wings Lead to Anticounterfeiting Technique

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Bio-mimicking at its best!


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 4 comments

New Germanium-based Material Could Replace Silicon for


Electronics

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

New Germanium-Based Material Could Replace Silicon for Electronics - Yes. It Will.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

Two-Dimensional Materials Get Another Tool for Replacing


Silicon

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Great research by Purdue Universitys Birck Nanotechnology Center. Let us hope it will
be a major breakthrough.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on IEEE Spectrum 2 comments

The Solar Efficiency Gap

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Everyday some news or other appears that solar cell efficiency has been increased in
the laboratory tests. But for developing countries solar PV is still a luxury because still
the low efficient systems are only used. Is it not time to think of going in for the latest
efficient solar PV systems after a couple of years rather than rushing with the present
ones. There are alternatives like Wind,Biomass,micro and mini hydel which are more
efficient and which costs less compared to PV.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 42 comments

Email Is Not Free

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

What you get and what you answer is nothing Mr.Tom Cochran . I receive hundreds of
e-mails and I am one of the most prolific users in the WORLD itself! It is only
commitment and efficiency of answering the E-mails that matter. Sometimes my

answers to e-mail runs into pages. All replies sent with in an hour of receipt. For me Email and Internet saves me much money compared to posting number of letters in the
past. Long live E-mail!
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Discussion on ThinktoSustain.com 1 comments

Independent India: Are We Making the Right Choices?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Thought provoking article.


Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on CleanTechnica 11 comments

Sucking Up CO2 In The Desert

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

There are alternatives to suck Carbon Dioxide in deserts Mr.Paul Gipe. There are CAM
Plants.
As the CO2 content of the air progressively declined
millions of years ago, certain plants evolved specialized biochemical pathways and
anatomical adaptations that enabled them to increase their intracellular CO2
concentration at the site of its fixation, which
allowed the primary carboxylating enzyme rubisco to function more efficiently. The CO2
concentrating mechanism possessed by these CAM plants operates by sequentially
reducing CO2 into carbohydrates at two different times of day. The initial reduction of
CO2 into a four-carbon sugar is done at night - when CAM plant stomata are open - by
the enzyme PEP-carboxylase. Then, during the day when CAM plant stomata are

closed, the four-carbon sugar is decarboxylated, increasing the plant's intercellular CO2
concentration, and the resulting CO2 is subsequently reduced back into a carbohydrate,
but this time by rubisco.
Please see:
https://www.khanacademy.org/sc...
Among CAM plants, species of Agave have started to attract increasing attention as
energy crops .Agave is a succulent genus within the monocot family Agavaceae. The
plants have a large rosette of thick fleshy leaves, each ending generally in a sharp point,
and are indigenous to both arid and semi-arid regions from the southern USA to
northern South America.The genus Agave traditionally includes about 166 species;
however, the genus is paraphyletic to the genera Manfreda, Polianthes, and
Prochnyanthes. The entire clade of 208 species has been termed Agave sensu lato .The
most important commercial species are Agave tequilana grown for production of tequila;
Agave angustifolia, Agave salmiana, Agave americana, and several other species that
are grown commercially in Mexico for the production of mescal (a distilled beverage
similar to tequila); Agave sisalana that has been cultivated in the Caribbean, Brazil,
India, many Pacific islands, Australia,
and parts of Africa for fiber production; and Agave fourcroydes and Agave lechuguilla
which are the species of choice for fiber production in Mexico. The saponins tigogenin
and hecogenin are extracted from the waste residues of A. sisalana and A.americana
fibers and are important raw materials in the synthesis of steroid hormone.
The genus Agave is important for the consideration of these species as biomass
feedstocks. Some Agave species have a real potential to be bioenergy crops.Water-Use
Efficiency and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism About 7% of all plant species possess
CAM many of which represent the predominant plant biomass in arid,semi-arid, or
marginal regions of the world. Normally, a CAM plant has approximately 33% of the
water requirement of a C4 plant and approximately 16% of the water requirement of a
C3 plant to produce the same amount of biomass.
Thanks to CAM, several cultivated species of Agave can reach good productivities in
areas where rainfall is insufficient for the cultivation of many C3 and C4 crops. For
example, the productivity of A. salmiana under only 32 cm of annual rainfall
was 10 Mg ha1 year1. CAM permits the net uptake of CO2 at night end,
thereby dramatically improving water-use efficiency for carbon assimilation in plants

growing in arid habitats.Stomata (the microscopic pores in leaves) open to allow CO2 to
enter to carry out photosynthesis. This opening leads to the loss of water vapor
(transpiration). C3 and C4 plants open their stomata during the day when the
temperatures are higher, the sun is brighter, and the loss of water by transpiration is
high. The key feature of the CAM photosynthetic pathway used by agaves is the opening
of stomata and CO2 uptake during the night, thus allowing less water to be lost by
transpiration.During the daytime, CAM plants tend to close their stomata, so any CO2
fixed during this period
must come from within the plants.
Agave Uses and Potential By-products
Alcoholic beverages, sweeteners, fibers, and some speciality chemicals are currently
the main products coming from agave plants.
Beverages
Among the most common products of agave are alcoholic beverages, tequila (from
A.tequilana) and mescal (mainly from A. angustifolia) .Another product is the nectar or
syrup, consisting of non-structural carbohydrates and used as a sweetener. Recently,
this has appeared internationally in chain grocery stores .
Fibers
These are the vascular bundles that carry water from the soil. They have been used for
bindings, nets, sacks,twines, and ropes, etc. The preferred species for fiber production
have been A. lechuguilla, A. fourcroydes, and A. sisalana. The agave fiber industry once
consumed
over 1million ha of land, but this has now been reduced by about 90% due to the growth
of the synthetic fiber industry.
Chemicals
The steroidal saponins tigogenin and hecogenin, extracted from the waste residues after
production of sisal fibers from A. sisalana and A. americana, are important raw
materials in the synthesis of steroid hormones. They are used as starting materials in
the production of corticosteroids (cortisone, cortisol, prednisolone, prednisone,
dexamethasone, betamethasone, triamcinolone, etc.). They have cholesterol-lowering,
anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation activities .Other
saponins identified within the Agave genus include manogenin, yucagenin,agavogenin,

sarsasapogenin, texogenin, esmilagenin, gitogenin, clorogenin,diosgenin, gentogenin,


and ruizgenin. A. lechuguilla leaves contain between 1% and 2% of the dry matter as
steroidal saponins.These could serve as valuable products from Agave species
cultivated primarily as bio energy crops.
In Kenya and Lesotho people cut Agave into pieces dry them and mix them in concrete.
Also Agave can be a potential input for biogas production.
In the waste lands Agave and Opuntia can be grown extensively as both are care-free
growth plants and can be potential input for biofuel and biogas and subsequent power
generation.
Reference:
Potential of Plants from the Genus Agave as Bioenergy Crops, Luis Lauro
Escamilla-Trevio, Bioenerg Res. DOI 10.1007/s12155-011-9159-x.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
E-mail: Anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Grist 63 comments

How to power America with renewables on the cheap: Build


a shit ton of wind and solar capacity

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. US can take lead in going in for massive usage of solar and wind both onshore and
offshore.
Put the SUN and WIND to WORK: To get inexhaustible,pollution-free energy which
cannot be misused.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
4 EditView in discussion

Discussion on HBR.org 55 comments

Can Technology End Poverty?

Anumakonda Jagadeesh Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Problems People Solutions


Research, Development and
Demonstration projects in developing countries have generated a variety of
devices and systems for exploitation for example, solar cookers, wind battery
charges etc. In Innovation theory, this is a classic case of technology push,
that is, technical solutions looking for a social application. Technology push
innovations might of course be adopted if they happen to satisfy a real demand,
or are heavily promoted. Success is much more likely, however if the needs,
priorities and demands are studied before attempting to introduce a new
technology or system. This is the demand pull approach to innovation.
Often identifying the right
problem is difficult rather than finding a possible solution. People are better
judges to identify the problems and since they benefit most by the solutions,
they can contribute for finding the best solutions.
A novel and innovative scheme
is suggested to achieve the above goal.
In developing countries the
Government can advertise in the media seeking problems from the people in
different disciplines like education, health, energy, industry etc. The
problems received can be screened, studied and short-listed by a committee
comprising government officials, experts, representatives from N.G.Os etc. The
short-listed problems can be re-advertised seeking solutions from people. The
solutions received can be studied in detail and the best solutions given
awards. To catch a fish the bait should be attractive enough. As such there
should be sizeable incentive so that people can devote their talent and
energies for finding solutions. As the saying goes Anything can be done for a
Dollar. In this way the creative potential of the people can be tapped to the
full and a thought process will be set in motion in the country. In India a
general knowledge programme conducted by a Super Star on TV is a roaring

success and children, youth and old-all alike have become addicted to get equipped
with general knowledge so that they can try their luck for winning fabulous
cash prizes.
The Author has developed Novel
solutions and sustainable technologies for the benefits of bottoms billions
like Everybodys Solar Water Heater, Simple Solar Drier, Safe Drinking Water
from Solar Disinfection,Energy Conservation in Irrigation pumpsets,Hand
operated Battery charger, Multiple Uses of Gas Stove,Pedal operated Washing
machine etc.,
Innovation, Invention and
creativity are the pillars of progress of any Society / Nation. The greater the
participation of people in the developmental activities, the quicker will be
the progress. A new approach Innovative Technology (IT) deliberately involving
people from all walks of life is the need of the hour in identifying the felt
needs in the developing countries and finding solutions. Such a technology will
contribute to Integrated Development (ID).
Modernise the Traditional
Traditionalise the Modern
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India
1 EditView in discussion

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Yes. Technology can end poverty. Technology advancement should be centered around
common man. The technology should be coupled with social justice.
The Challenge today is to harness science to the chariot wheels of progress and to
press science as a deliberate tool to serve the basic needs of the common man and
contribute to the economic, social, and cultural transformation of the country.If the
benefits of science and technology are to reach the vast majority of our people who live

in country side, some serious thinking is called for to develop science to serve the
needs of these people. Science must be relevant and percolate to reach these people
and involve the people in the process of development. This calls for organisation and
management of science and developing science to suit the development of these
people.Innovative TechnologyThe new awareness culminating in quest for Innovative
Technology has three components : the realization that mans inner needs are as great
as, if not greater than, his outer requirements ; the appreciation of the inadequacy of our
institutions for rethinking and the acceptance of the fact that the world is evolving not
towards a plurality of civilizations.The Innovative Technology arises from the new
awareness. A prior commitment to enlightened cosmologies is a necessary precondition for the development of the Innovative Technology. As such, the Innovative
Technology : integrates values with knowledge replaces linear thinking of old science
by the multi-dimensional systems approach ; is multi-cultural, that is, it carries different
hopes and aspirations for different groups of people ; and gives rise to alternative
Innovative Technologies.The Innovative Technology is based on a new concept and is
intended for the well-being of men and his habitat. It encourages direct innovation with
human needs and environmental imperatives in view. It is unique to people and their
culture, it is their technology and will meet only their needs and their requirements.Three
essential ingredients to evolve such Innovative Technology are : Mass scientific
network: This is basically an extension network covering agriculture and related
activities, public health and industry. Local problem-solving capability: Formalized
groups within rural industries and other production units:(a) to articulate its demand for
additional inputs ;(b) to establish outward linkages into the national S&T system ; and
to extend inward linkages into the extension network serving the locality.Content and
Scope of Innovative TechnologiesIn this field several terms have sprung up and have
been indiscriminately used like (a) Intermediate technology or low technology, (b)
appropriate technology, and Innovative Technologies.(a) Intermediate or Low
TechnologyIntermediate technology has meant many things to many people as a type of
technology which lies in between the primitive technology and sophisticated technology.
The concept of intermediate technology comes very near the one propagated by
Mahatma Gandhi the Father of our Nation but this would hardly satisfy our scientists in
these countries, who, by training and temperament, are keen on undertaking
internationally fashion oriented sophisticated research. Development of intermediate
technologies, by and large, has thus remained a programme to be worked at

technicians level.(b) Appropriate TechnologyAppropriate technology is a priori a


normative concept which implies that its delimitation can take place only after the norms
are decided. These norms change with every shift in time and place. At the advent of
Industrial Revolution, technological innovations aimed at diversifying product design and
cheapening the production cost for meeting the needs of rapidly expanding consumer
market. Appropriateness of technology was considered in terms of profit, with or without
a concern for social goals. Innovative TechnologiesInnovative Technology is defined as
development of technologies or production systems, which are not only appropriate to a
social situation at a particular point of time, but also is free from the deleterious effects
such as alienation or environmental imbalances. It considers the possible social and
environmental changes, and this has built-in flexibility to adjust changing needs. Since
such technologies would have to be essentially based on the integrated development of
the total region, the concept becomes more wide in its economic, social and political
perspective. At the scientific level it poses new challenges for the scientists to devise
new technologies that are not available anywhere. It compels the scientists to come out
to the people and try to understand them, their needs, their environment, their traditional
technologies and skills, understand the science behind such skills based on experience
and observation, and then evolve new techniques of production to suit their resources
and native genius and meet their needs.The quest for Innovative Technology means
many things to many people and they are summarised as below:To people it may meangainful employment ;- self-help, and competence to utilize their skills and other
resources;- inculcation of scientific temper : with the association of cultural change, they
may turn for help to science rather than to quackery;- acceleration of development with
multiplier effects ; and- a feeling of adventure and pride in achievementTo the Planners
and Policy Makers, it may mean- a different approach to grass-root planning- science is
used deliberately as a tool for growth and selective changes;- better utilisation of
resources (including wastes);- more and better distributed employment opportunities
with less movement of people ;- an integrated approach with flexibility of adjustment as
per available resources ; and- maintenance of ecological balances.Human Resources
Traditional Knowledge and Methods Great Assets to Developing CountriesIdeas float
around in bewildering numbers, and scores of designs, ranging from windmills to the
spinning wheel, are available ; papers are circulated stating the wonders of intermediate
(not innovative) technology what could be done, why it should be done, what must be
done, and how the rural countryside can be changed if intermediate technology is

implemented. Experts are called from abroad to tell people this.In all this talk, there
seems to be no place for the ideas generated by farmers, rural artisans. A stand seems
to have been taken that this transfer of technology for the socio-economic regeneration
of the rural areas is a novelty for country-folk. But rural communities have survived for
generations without any help in ideas and materials from outside. They have developed
a low-cost technology of their own, suited to their own particular areas. It would be
foolish to overlook and take for granted methods used by farmers and artisans. When a
ploughshare develops trouble on the field, when a bullock cart breaks down on the road
to market, when a house collapses in a storm, the villager uses materials available in
the immediate vicinity to solve his problem. It is the scientist who must see these
problems as challenges that must be met if there is to be development in rural areas. It
is clear that the villagers and scientists will see the problems of the villages quite
differently, and it will not always be true that the projects proposed by the scientists will
be meaningful to the villages. If projects are imposed on the villagers, they are likely to
be skeptical and may well resist rather than co-operate with the programme. Rural
Development Schemes, in the broadest sense, requires first a good sociological
approach, and as much psychology as scientific knowledge. After all country means
people and not soil.It is not the KNOW HOW but SHOW HOW will help the technology
promotion and propagation quickly in developing countries.While Science is
Universal,Technology is culture specific.Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on Marketspace - the sustainable development blog 1 comments

India cooking up tailored solutions to worlds need for


clean stoves

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

In the olden days in rural areas people use to dug a


pit of rectangle(about 1 ft depth) and put small stones in triangle and over it
big vessel to cook rice,dhal etc. with firewood. The Soil acts as insulator so
that there is no heat loss besides it is protected from WIND. Some Traditional

Methods offer promise and there can be a blend of TRADITION and MODERNISM in
Cook Stoves.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh
Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ThinktoSustain.com 1 comments

Dark Side of Kerosene Lamps High Black Carbon


Emissions

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

I was in Nigeria where still people use thick Wicks in Bottles with Kerosene on the
roadside selling of goods during nights on the roadside.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ThinktoSustain.com 1 comments

Anaerobic Digestion for Farm Waste Management in Rural


India

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

Agave and Opuntia


can be grown in vacant and waste lands and can form as input in Biogas production
and hence power generation besides Water Hyacinth.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India
EditView in discussion

Discussion on ThinktoSustain.com 1 comments

Some Improved Cookstoves may Emit More Pollution than


Traditional Mud Cookstoves

Anumakonda Jagadeesh 2 years ago

The so called IMPROVED COOK STOVES ended as MORE PROMISE AND LESS
PERFORMANCE.
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP),India

You might also like