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Oral candidiasis - A loss of the antimicrobial actions of saliva may also lead to opportunistic infection with Candida species.[9]
Ascending (suppurative) sialadenitis an infection
of the major salivary glands (usually the parotid
gland) that may be recurrent.[3] It is associated with
hyposalivation, as bacteria are able to enter the ductal system against the diminished ow of saliva.[7]
There may swollen salivary glands even without
acute infection, possibly caused by autoimmune
involvement.[3]
Denition
Dental caries (xerostomia related caries) - Without the anticariogenic actions of saliva, tooth de1
3 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Saliva cannot be milked (expressed) from the 3.1 Physiologic
parotid duct.[1]
Salivary ow rate is decreased during sleep, which may
Diculty wearing dentures, e.g., when swallowing lead to a transient sensation of dry mouth upon waking.
or speaking.[1] There may be generalized mucosal This disappears with eating or drinking or with oral hysoreness and ulceration of the areas covered by the giene. When associated with halitosis, this is sometimes
denture.[3]
termed morning breath. Dry mouth is also a common
sensation during periods of anxiety, probably owing to
Mouth soreness and oral mucositis.[1][3]
enhanced sympathetic drive.[10] Dehydration is known to
cause hyposalivation,[1] the result of the body trying to
Lipstick or food may stick to the teeth.[1]
conserve uid. Physiologic age-related changes in sali A need to sip drinks frequently while talking or vary gland tissues may lead to a modest reduction in salivary output and partially explain the increased prevalence
eating.[3]
of xerostomia in older people.[1] However, polypharmacy
Dry, sore, and cracked lips and angles of mouth.[3] is thought to be the major cause in this group, with no
signicant decreases in salivary ow rate being likely to
Thirst.[3]
occur through aging alone.[9][11]
However, sometimes the clinical ndings do not correlate with the symptoms experienced.[9] E.g., a person with
signs of hyposalivation may not complain of xerostomia.
Conversely a person who reports experiencing xerostomia may not show signs of reduced salivary secretions
(subjective xerostomia).[8] In the latter scenario, there are
often other oral symptoms suggestive of oral dysesthesia
(burning mouth syndrome).[3] Some symptoms outside
the mouth may occur together with xerostomia. These
include:
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes).[1]
Inability to cry.[1]
Blurred vision.[1]
3
but the term can describe oral and eye dryness that is be carried out.[1]
not caused by autoimmune diseases (e.g. Sjogren Syndrome).
5 Treatment
3.5
Other causes
Diagnostic approach
Epidemiology
REFERENCES
History
See also
Xerosis (dry skin)
References
a review of a vexing, often unrecognized sign of oropharyngeal and esophageal disease. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 39 (2): 8997. PMID 15681902.
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External links
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Images
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