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Machine Design, by U. C. Jindal, Pearson Education, India.
1. Conceptual design is the description of how a new product will work and meet
its performance requirements. In conceptual design, product is created instead of a visual
representationwhich would directly be used in a final product, e.g. a film, animation or
video game.
2. Tolerance is a valuable tool for reducing manufacturing costs by improving productivity.
Tolerance specification is an important link between engineering and manufacturing. It
can become a common ground on which to build an interface between the two, to open a
dialog based on common interests and competing requirements.
3. A key is device, which is used for connecting two machine parts for preventing relative
motion of rotation with respect to each other.
4. Shafts are rotating members which are subjected to bending moments and twisting
moments and sometimes to axial loads. It twists and transmits power.
Axles are rotating or non-rotating members which are subjected to only bending moments
due to members supported by it. It does not transmit torque. In other words, an axle is not
twisted it only bends.
5.
6.
11a.
PART B - 16 Marks
11a.
- 8 Marks
11b.
12a.
- 12 Marks
Solution:
And also ,
T1/T2 = 2.1932
T1 = 2.1932 T2
-------(2)
Assume, Kb = 2 Kt = 1.5
Te = 3142760.003 N-mm
Te =
s ( 1- k4 )do3
N-mm
16
K = di / do = 0.5
And
12 b.
- 6 Marks
Ks= 1.25,
N/mm2
Shear stress for shaft & key (sh or k = 50N/mm2 ,
Shear stress for sleeve(s = 10 MPa =10N/mm2
Torque, T = 60P
2 N
=381.97 N-m = 381970 N-mm
(i)
Design of Shaft:
c = 100
sh d3
N-mm
16
Diameter of shaft (d) = 33.88 mm say d = 34 mm.
(ii)
Design of sleeve:
Torque, T =
s ( D4- d4 ) N-mm
16D
s = 3.77 N/mm2
which is less than the permissible value (10 N/mm2). Hence the design is safe.
(iii)
k = 37.76 N/mm2
which is less than the allowable value (50 N/mm2). Hence the design is safe.
= 94.40 N/mm2
which is less than the allowable value (100 N/mm2). Hence the design is safe.
14a.
Given data: N= 300 rpm, n = 2, = 0.28, d1 = 220 mm, r1 = 110 mm, d2 = 140 mm,
r2 = 70 mm, Pmax = 0.1 MPa = 10000 N/m2 , I = 7.2 kg-m2
Solution:
(i)
The time to attain the full speed by the machine ( with uniform wear)
Torque , T = I
= /t
(ii)
1 = t = 80.108 rad
2 = o t + t2 = 0 + 40.039 = 40.039 rad
Solution:
By substituting we get,
Ft1 = 0.718 S
Where
By substituting we get,
Ft2 = 1.315 S
Let, the projected bearing area of shoe , Ab = b (2r sin) = 212.132 b mm2
w.k.t
Therefore,
Ab = 1049.55
212.132b = 1049.55
Width, b= 4.947 mm
15a.
Given data: For centrifugal pump journal bearing, Load W =13.25 x 103 N, D = 80mm,
n = 1440 rpm, p = 0.7- 1.4 N/mm2, Atm.temp = 30C
Solution:
Step-1
From PSG DDB
Let us take
Length of journal,
L/D = 1.5
L = 1.5 D = 120 mm
Step-2
Pressure developed ,
p = W/ LD = 1.380 N/mm2
Step-3
Selection of lubricating oil
The minimum value of Zn/p from PSGDDB is,
(Zn/p)min = 2844.5
Zmin= 2844.5x13.8/1440 = 27.638 Centipoise say 30CP
From PSGDDB, for 30CP and 60C, Select SAE 30 oil
Step-4
Calculation of coefficient of friction,
= 33.25/1010 (Zn/p)(D/C) + k
k = 0.002
for 0.75<L/D<2.8
= 0.00255
Step-5
Heat Calculation,
Heat generated Hg = W v
Where ,
and
Therefore,
Since Hg > Hd , artificial cooling arrangement must be provided by using cooling fans
or by circulating water.
15 b.
Solution:
Load on the spring = 2P =140 x 103
But, 2P = 140 x 103 / Number of springs
P = 17500 N
Permissible stress, = 6PL/nbt2
600= 6x17500x500 / 10xbt2
bt2= 8750
-------------(1)
-------------(2)
b = 87.5mm