Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Looking ahead
Words and phrases
Lead in
3.1 likelihood /"laIklihUd/ (n)
chance of sth happening Peter
doesnt have any qualifications
so theres little likelihood of him
getting a highly paid job. likely
(adj)
/baUnd/ (adj)
certain or likely to happen, do or be
Could you answer the phone? Its
bound to be Sally. She always calls
this late.
Reading
3.12 exaggerated
Space tourism
3.5 terrestrial /t@"restri@l/ (adj)
related to the planet Earth Some
terrestrial life forms look so weird,
youd almost think they were from
outer space!
/Ig"z&@reItId/ (adj)
made to seem larger, better, worse
or more important than it really
is or needs to be She said shed
never set foot in my house again.
It was of course an exaggerated
statement, but I was deeply hurt.
exaggerate (v), exaggeratedly
(adv), exaggeration (n)
3.18 futurologist
/%fju:tS@"rQl@dZIst/ (n)
expert in the study of how people
will live in the future futurology
(n)
/"skeptIkl/ (adj)
having doubts that a claim or
statement is true or that sth will
happen I am a little sceptical
about the real reasons behind Neils
resignation. scepticism (n)
in virtual space
3.27 virtual /"v3:u@l/ (adj)
made to appear to exist by the use
of computer software The Sims
computer game allows players to
build up an entire virtual world.
L Also: almost or very nearly the
thing described, so that any slight
difference is not important. Only
used before nouns. virtually (adv)
3.33 window-shop
Nanotechnology
3.36 molecule /"mQlIkju:l/ (n)
smallest unit, consisting of a group
of atoms, into which a substance
can be divided without a change in
its chemical nature molecularity
(n), molecular (adj), molecularly
(adv)
3.39 manipulation
/m@%nIpju"leISn/ (n)
control or use of sb/sth in a skilful
way The manipulation of this
kind of data can only really be
done by computer. L Also: control
or influence of sb/sth, often in
a dishonest way so that they do
not realise it. manipulate (v),
manipulator (n), manipulative (adj)
Vocabulary
let sb stay overnight at your house
3.55 no wonder
Grammar
set up (n)
Listening
3.61 monument /"mQnjum@nt/ (n)
building or other structure that has
special historical importance
monumental (adj)
3.66 prestigious
/pr@"stIdZ@s/ (adj)
respected and admired as very
important or of good quality
prestige (n)
/spQn"teIni@s/ (adj)
not planned or arranged, but done
because you suddenly want to
spontaneity (n), spontaneously
(adv)
support
back (v)
3.71 money-spinning
3.75 interpretation
/In%t3:prI"teISn/ (n)
particular way of understanding
or explaining sth interpreter (n),
interpret (v)
exorbitantly (adv)
/%dZerQn"tQl@dZIst/ (n)
person who studies the process of
people growing old gerontology
(n)
Speaking
3.84 make your mark
/pr@"v@Uk/ (v)
do or say sth that annoys sb so
that they react in an angry way
The lawyer claimed that his
client was provoked into fighting
by the defendant. L Also: provoke
means to cause a particular
reaction or have a particular effect,
for example to provoke a reaction
or a discussion. provocation (n)
/prQmpt/ (v)
make sb decide to do sth, usu.
because they think it is right
prompt (n)
3.88 gerontologist
Use of English
3.87 deterioration
/dI%tI@ri@"reISn/ (n)
state of becoming worse
Following the earthquake there
was a serious deterioration in
standards of hygiene and medical
services. deteriorate (v)
blur (n),
Writing
3.97 principal /"prIns@pl/ (n)
person who is in charge of a
college or a university
(idm)
used to emphasise questions to
suggest there is no easy or obvious
answer I thought Id shut the
gate. How on earth did the dog get
out into the street?
Review
3.105 bargain for /"bA:gIn/ (phr v)
3.115 campaigner
/k&m"peIn@(r)/ (n)
person who leads or takes part in a
series of activities, esp. designed to
bring political or social change
campaign (n, v)
3.132 expenditure
/Ik"spendI@(r)/ (n)
amount of money spent on sth
The government are making
plans to increase expenditure on
health and education.
Reading
Life on Mars?
3.126 former /"fO:m@(r)/ (adj)
that used to exist in earlier times
Charles Robson, the former
Olympic athlete, will be giving a
speech on motivation.
3.143 spread-eagled
Workbook
3.144 compartment
/k@m"pA:tm@nt/ (n)
one of the separate sections which
a railway carriage or aircraft is
divided into
3.150 incredulously
/In"kredj@l@sli/ (adv)
in a way that reveals your inability
to believe sth He opened the
small box and took out a diamond
ring. Diane just looked at him
incredulously. (in)credulous
(adj), (in)credulity (n)
Vocabulary
judder (v)
Grammar
3.164 sell out /%sel "aUt/ (phr v)
(for a concert, football game, etc.)
sell all of the tickets
Listening
3.170 challenge /"&lIn/ (v)
test sbs ability and skills, esp.
in an interesting way The final
ascent of the mountain challenged
the climbers to the limit of
their abilities. challenge (n),
challenging (adj)
/%Int@"fI@(r)/ (phr v)
prevent sth from succeeding or
from happening as planned
She never allows her personal
feelings to interfere with her work.
interference (n)
3.183 inhospitable
/%InhQ"spIt@bl/ (adj)
3.178 proportions
/pr@"pO:Snz/ (n pl)
measurements of sth, its size and
shape Due to severe weather
conditions the situation could reach
crisis proportions.
/"dju:bi@s/ (adj)
doubtful, not knowing whether sth
is good or bad Amanda hates
classical music, so Im a bit dubious
about her decision to come to the
concert with me. dubiously (adv)
Use of English
3.190 evolve /I"vQlv/ (v)
develop gradually, esp. from a
simple to a more complicated form
The Body Shop started as a small
shop in England and quickly evolved
into a multinational company.
evolution (n), evolutionary (adj)
Review Units 13
3.197 fetch /fe/ (v)
go to where sb/sth is and bring
them/it back Just a minute, Ive
got to fetch my keys.