1

What are you like?

Words and phrases
Lead in
1.1 sensitivity /%sens@"tIv@ti/ (n)
the ability to understand other
peoples feelings Without
sensitivity to the needs of children
you cant be a good teacher.
 sensitive (adj), sensitively (adv)

1.2 brutally /"bru:t@li/ (adv)

directly and clearly said or written
about sth unpleasant I was
brutally frank with him and told
him that his new hairstyle made
him look much older.  brutality
(n), brute (n), brutal (adj), brutish
(adj) L These derivatives are more
commonly used about physical
violence.

1.3 tactful /"t&ktfl/ (adj)

careful not to say anything that
will annoy or upset people
It wasnt very tactful of you to
ask Tom about Kate she left him
last week for his best friend.
 tact (n), tactfully (adv)

1.4 break out /%breIk "aUt/ (phr v)

begin suddenly, usu. sth unpleasant
such as an argument, a fight or war
 break out (n)

1.5 get on with sth

/%get "Qn wID/ (phr v)

continue doing sth that you have
started or start sth that you were
about to do If there are no
further questions, can you get on
with the test please?

1.6 take the side of

/%teIk D@ "saId @v/ (phr)

feel or express support for sb in an
argument or discussion L When
used with a name, this is more often
take sides with sb, take sbs side:
Whenever theres a disagreement,
you always take Helens/her side.

1.7 compromise /"kQmpr@maIz/ (n)

a solution where people agree
to give up part of what they
wanted so that they are both
happy  compromise (v) After
lengthy talks the two sides finally
reached a compromise.

1.8 logical /"lQIkl/ (adj)

thinking about things in an
organised and sensible way
 logic (n), logically (adv)

1.9 mature /m@"U@(r)/ (adj)

behaving in a sensible way like
an adult It wasnt very mature
of you to laugh when that man
slipped over on a banana.
 maturity (n), maturely (adv)

1.10 decisive /dI"saIsIv/ (adj)

making decisions quickly and
with confidence If you are first
at the scene of an accident, taking
decisive action may save someones
life.  decision (n), decisiveness
(n), decide (v), decisively (adv)

1.11 motivated /"m@UtIveItId/ (adj)

wanting to succeed a highly
motivated student  motivation
(n), motivator (n), motivate (v),
motivational (adj)

1.12 tend (to do sth) /tend/ (v)

happen usually or often
Although usually at work on time
the rest of the week, he tends to
arrive late on Mondays.  tendency
(n)

1.13 mingle /"mINgl/ (v)

move around and talk to different
people in a group, usually at a
party Dont just stand there on
your own! Go and mingle with the
other guests!

1.14 cautious /"kO:S@s/ (adj)

careful about what you say or do
in order not to make mistakes or
take risks Having been bitten by
one as a child, Mark was always
cautious around dogs.  caution (n),
cautiously (adv)

1.15 inquisitive /In"kwIz@tIv/ (adj)

very interested in finding out about
different things, asking a lot of
questions Cats have a reputation
for being inquisitive, and often get
into trouble because of it.
 inquisitiveness (n), inquisitively
(adv)

1.16 assemble /@"sembl/ (v)

put the separate pieces of sth
together, esp. furniture or products
in factories.  assembler (n)

1.17 scan /sk&n/ (v)

look for particular information,
usu. quickly but also carefully
 scanner (n)

1.18 set aside /%set @"saId/ (phr v)

leave sth until later, not look at sth

1.19 leap in /%li:p "In/ (phr v)

start doing sth quickly without
spending a long time thinking
first If only youd listened to the
whole question before you leapt in
and gave the wrong answer, we
might have won the quiz!

1.20 stuck /stVk/ (adj)

not able to continue because sth is
difficult None of us completed the
whole exam because we got stuck
on the last question.  stick (v)

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1.21 efficient /I"fISnt/ (adj)

doing sth well without wasting
time, money or energy Its not an
efficient use of energy to have the
heating on and the windows open.
 efficiency (n), efficiently (adv)

1.22 inventive /In"ventIv/ (adj)

able to think of new and
interesting ideas I used to love
spending weekends with my uncle,
he was a very inventive man who
made up all sorts of games for us
to play.  invention (n), inventor
(n), inventiveness (n), invent (v),
inventively (adv)

1.23 hardly (any) /"hA:dli/ (adv)

almost no/not/none, etc. Hardly
any of the survivors of the Titanic
disaster were still alive at the start
of this century.

1.28 imply /Im"plaI/ (v)

suggest without saying so directly
Do you think Alan was implying
that Ill never be considered for the
sales job? If so, I wish he would
just say so and explain why. L
Also: make it seem likely that sth
is true or exists  implication (n)

1.29 come up with

/%kVm "Vp wID/ (phr v)

produce, usu. results or ideas

1.30 tedious /"ti:di@s/ (adj)

very boring
(adv)

tedium (n), tediously

1.31 trait /treIt/ (n)

particular quality that sth or
sb has, esp. personality My
husbands worst trait is his
inability to make decisions.

1.32 inherit /In"herIt/ (v)

Reading
1.24 relate (to) /rI"leIt/ (v)
be connected with sth Petes
point is irrelevant because it
doesnt relate to the same issue.
 relation (n) L With people, the
passive is used to mean belonging
to the same family: According
to my grandfather, our family is
related to a famous Army general.
 relation (n), relative (n)

1.25 eliminate /I"lImIneIt/ (v)

remove sth that you dont need
Two suspects have been
eliminated from the police
investigation.  elimination (n)

1.26 body /"bQdi/ (n)

organisation or group of people
who work or act together for an
official purpose

1.27 justify /"dZVstIfaI/ (v)

show that sth is right or reasonable
My son really wanted to see
Manchester United play, but I
couldnt justify spending that
amount on a ticket for a football
match.  justification (n)

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be born with qualities or physical

features that are similar to those of
your parents or grandparents, etc.
L Also: receive money or property,
etc. after a person has died.
 inheritance (n), inheritor (n)

1.33 counter-productive

/%kaUnt@ pr@"dVktIv/ (adj)

achieving the opposite effect to
what you had planned
Negotiations with the men who
had taken the hostages proved
counter-productive as they only
increased their demands.

1.34 strengthen /"streNT@n/ (v)

make sth stronger  strength (n),
strong (adj), strongly (adv)

1.35 self-image /%self "ImIdZ/ (n)

idea you have of yourself, esp.
your appearance or abilities

Finding the real you

1.36 psychometric

/%saIk@"metrIk/ (adj)
used to measure mental abilities
and ways of thinking Many
more firms use psychometric
tests at interview these days to
measure candidates strengths and
weaknesses.

1.37 recruitment /rI"kru:tm@nt/ (n)

finding new people for a company
or organisation After what felt
like a disastrous interview, she
was amazed when the recruitment
officer called to invite her the job.
 recruit (n, v) L Recruit (v) has a
general meaning but (new) recruit
(n) is more commonly a (new)
member of the armed forces.

1.38 assess /@"ses/ (v)

make a judgement about the
nature or quality of sth
 assessment (n), assessor (n)

1.39 indicator /"IndIkeIt@(r)/ (n)

measurement or value that shows
sth clearly These sales figures are
a clear indicator of the companys
progress.  indication (n), indicate
(v), indicative (adj)

1.40 mushroom /"mVSrUm/ (v)

rapidly grow or increase in number
Small shops are struggling with
big out-of-town shopping centres
mushrooming all over the country.

1.41 combine /k@m"baIn/ (v)

come together to form a single
thing  combination (n)

1.42 virtually /"v3:u@li/ (adv)

very nearly (but not quite)
Its virtually impossible to keep
your eyes open when you sneeze.
 virtual (adj)

1.43 dating agency

/"deItIN %eI@nsi/ (n)

organisation that arranges meetings
between single people who are
looking for a relationship

1.44 swear by /"swe@ baI/ (phr v)

believe that sth can be relied upon
to have a particular effect My
grandmother swears by lemon and
honey to cure a sore throat.

1.45 will /wIl/ (n)

ability to control your thoughts
and feelings to achieve what you
want to do Jane had the will
and the skills needed to succeed
with her venture but she needed
financial support to get things
going.  will (v)

1.46 be shipwrecked

/%bI "SIprekt/ (v)

be left somewhere after the ship
in which you were sailing has
sunk or been destroyed The
crew of a British ship shipwrecked
off the coast of Africa managed to
swim to land.  shipwreck (n),
shipwrecked (adj)

1.47 statistically /st@"tIstIkli/ (adv)

according to information shown
by numbers This drug has been
statistically proven to work in 99%
of cases.  statistician (n), statistics
(n pl), statistical (adj)

1.48 appeal /@"pi:l/ (n)

quality that makes sb/sth attractive
or interesting  appeal (v),
appealing (adj), appealingly (adv)

1.49 premise /"premIs/ (n)

idea that forms the basis for a
theory This philosophy is based
on the premise that deep down we
are all good. L Most commonly
used with the definite article. Do
not confuse this with premises (n
pl), the buildings that a company
uses.

1.50 mate /meIt/ (n)

partner, such as husband or wife
 mating (n), mate (v) L The
derivatives are only used of animals.

1.51 subconscious

/sVb"kQnS@s/ (adj)
connected with feelings that we are
not aware of but that change how
we behave  the/your subconscious
(n), subconsciously (adv)

1.52 materialise /m@"tI@ri@laIz/ (v)

start to exist as hoped or expected
The good weather that we had
been promised failed to materialise.
 materialisation (n)

1.53 vehicle /"vi:@kl/ (n)

sth that can be used to express
your feelings or ideas, or as a way
of achieving sth

1.54 alienate /"eIli@neIt/ (v)

make sb feel that they are not
part of sth Despite belonging to
the golf club for years, Ron was
alienated by all but a few members
once he had gone bankrupt.
 alienation (n)

1.55 hi-tech /%haI "tek/ (adj)

using the most modern machines
and equipment L This can also be
spelt high-tech.

1.56 intimate /"IntIm@t/ (adj)

private and personal If youre
referring to my divorce, Im not
prepared to discuss an intimate
matter like that.  intimacy (n),
intimately (adv)

1.57 anonymous /@"nQnIm@s/ (adj)

sth which does not reveal who you
are Dont worry. Your comments
will remain anonymous and your
feedback will be handled in the
strictest confidence.  anonymity
(n), anonymously (adv)

1.58 compulsive /k@m"pVlsIv/ (adj)

making you pay attention, because
sth is so interesting and exciting
That new reality show is
compulsive viewing! I cant turn it
off!  compulsion (n), compulsively
(adv) L compulsive can also have
a negative meaning: a compulsive
liar. Do not confuse this with
compulsory, sth that you must do.

1.59 hooked on /"hUkt %Qn/ (adj)

liking something so much that you
want to do it as much as possible
Igor had been hooked on chess
from a very young age and played
every day.

1.60 aspect /"&spekt/ (n)

one of the parts of sths nature
or character The only aspect of
the job I never enjoyed was when
customers had complaints.

1.61 mundane /mVn"deIn/ (adj)

not interesting or exciting, often
used to describe a job or how you
feel about your life  mundanity (n)

1.62 frivolous /"frIv@l@s/ (adj)

silly, not very important in the
situation Sorry, I shouldnt have
made that suggestion about going
by helicopter. I was being frivolous.
 frivolity (n), frivolously (adv)

1.63 diligently /"dIlI@ntli/ (adv)

showing a lot of care and effort in
your work Dot worked diligently
all her life but never realised how
much it was appreciated until the
day of her leaving party.
 diligence (n), diligent (adj)

1.64 blot /blQt/ (n)

spot or mark, often of ink  blot (v)

1.65 nostalgic /nQ"st&lIk/ (adj)

causing you to think affectionately,
or feeling affectionately about your
past Visiting the town where Id
grown up 50 years earlier made me
feel very nostalgic.  nostalgia (n),
nostalgically (adv)

1.66 blazing /"bleIzIN/ (adj)

full of strong angry emotion, noisy
We had a blazing argument last
night and we still arent speaking
to each other.  blaze (n, v)

1.67 row /raU/ (n)

noisy argument

row (v)

1.68 account (for) /@"kaUnt/ (phr v)

be or give an explanation for sth
Perhaps the bad weather
accounted for the poor attendance
at the festival.

1.69 massive /"m&sIv/ (adj)

very big There was a massive
increase in applications for
university places the year before
tuition fees were due to be
introduced. L When referring to
people, massive generally has the
negative meaning of extremely fat.
 massively (adv)

1.70 decidedly /dI"saIdIdli/ (adv)

definitely and very obviously I
was upset by her remark, which was
decidedly hurtful.  decided (adj)

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1.71 seduce /sI"dju:s/ (v)

persuade sb to do sth that they
would not normally do by making
it seem attractive Kate left the
company at the peak of her career,
seduced by the idea of living in
the country. L Also means to
persuade sb, in a pleasant and
tempting way, to have sex with
them.  seducer (n), seduction (n),
seductive (adj), seductively (adv)

1.72 insight /"InsaIt/ (n)

ability to understand people or
situations accurately L Often
used with into sth. There was an
excellent documentary on TV last
night which gave a real insight into
how the Romans lived from day to
day.  insightful (adj)

1.73 span /sp&n/ (v)

stretch across from one thing to
another The second bridge to
span the River Tejo in Lisbon was
completed just in time for EXPO 98.
 span (n)

1.74 gulf /gVlf/ (n)

big difference Mother Teresas
work focused on reducing the gulf
between the rich and the poor.

1.75 cult /kVlt/ (n)

sth fashionable or popular amongst
a specific group of people with
similar interests and tastes

1.76 corporation /%kO:p@"reISn/ (n)

large company or business
corporate (adj)

1.77 predisposition

/%pri:dIsp@"zISn/ (n)
a tendency to behave or think
in a particular way According
to scientists women have a
predisposition to use the right hand
side of their brain more than men
do.  predispose (v)

1.78 intuitive /In"tju:@tIv/ (adj)

able to understand sth without
knowing the facts  intuition (n),
intuitively (adv)

1.79 perceptive /p@"septIv/ (adj)

able to notice things that are
not obvious  perception (n),
perceptively (adv), perceive (v)

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1.80 public relations

1.90 all the same

/%pVblIk rI"leISnz/ (n)

/%O:l D@ "seIm/ (idm)

the business of giving information

about a company or organisation
to create a good impression
The companys demand for
compensation from one of the
worlds poorest nations was
described as a public relations
disaster.

despite this

1.81 mutter /"mVt@(r)/ (v)

talk quietly in a negative way
If youve got a problem with any
of this, come out and say it. Dont
just sit there muttering.  mutter
(n), muttering (n)

1.82 darkly /"dA:kli/ (adv)

in a threatening or unpleasant way
darkness (n), dark (adj)

1.83 agreeable /@"gri:@bl/ (adj)

pleasant and easy to like
 agreeably (adv)

1.84 conscientious

1.91 sub-industry

/"sVb %Ind@stri/ (n)

business activity that has only
started because another situation
created the demand

1.92 cheat /i:t/ (v)

act in a dishonest way to get an
advantage, especially in a game,
exam, etc.  cheat (n)

1.93 spring up /%sprIN "Vp/ (phr v)

appear suddenly, begin to exist
After the Bruce Lee films were
first shown in cinemas, kungfu clubs seemed to spring up
everywhere overnight.

1.94 fake /feIk/ (v)

make sth false appear to be
genuine, especially in order to
cheat sb  fake (n)

/%kQnSi"@nS@s/ (adj)

1.95 miserable /"mIzr@bl/ (adj)

careful and concerned to do things

correctly Mark has contributed
well in class and maintained a
high standard in his homework.
He is a most conscientious
pupil.  conscientiousness (n),
conscientiously (adv)

1.96 obsession /@b"seSn/ (n)

1.85 downside /"daUnsaId/ (n)

disadvantage or negative aspect of
sth Its much quicker by train,
but the downside is that its much
more expensive.

1.86 get on /%get "Qn/ (phr v)

succeed

1.87 overly /"@Uv@li/ (adv)

too, excessively

1.88 prone (to sth, to do sth)

/pr@Un/ (adj)
likely to suffer from or do sth
negative Youll find that this car
is far less prone to battery failure
than that old thing you had before.

1.89 burn out /%b3:n "aUt/ (phr v)

work so hard that you are unable
to carry on Charlie has always
worked too hard. Hell be burnt out
by 50.  burnout (n)

making you feel, or feeling, very

unhappy and uncomfortable
 misery (n), miserably (adv)
state of mind where sb thinks
too much and too often about a
particular thing or person in a
way that is not normal  obsess
(v), obsessive (adj), obsessively
(adv), obsessed (adj) L Usually
obsession/be obsessed with sth,
obsess/be obsessive about sth: She
wont stop talking about hair colour
and make-up. Shes constantly
obsessing about her appearance.

1.97 invade /In"veId/ (v)

enter somewhere in such large
numbers that it causes a problem
 invader (n), invasion (n),
invasive (adj), invasively (adv)

1.98 wardrobe /"wO:dr@Ub/ (n)

collection of clothes that sb wears
Maria assured me that it was
common in her country to comment
on what people wore, but I found
her comments on my wardrobe
intensely irritating. L Also the
item of furniture in which you
hang clothes.

1.99 self-centred /%self "sent@d/ (adj)

thinking only of yourself and not
about the needs and feelings of
others  self-centredness (n)

1.100 navel gazing

/"neIvl %geIzIN/ (n)

thinking too much about a single
issue and not doing anything
practical about it or considering
the wider situation L Meaning
literally to look at your navel,
the small hollow or lump in your
stomach where the umbilical cord
was cut.

1.101 disabuse (sb of sth)

/%dIs@"bju:z/ (v)
tell sb that what they think is true
is in fact not true If you believe
that there are sufficient funds
for your proposed project, let me
disabuse you of that notion. We
need a much cheaper alternative.
L Formal

1.102 illusion /I"lu:Zn/ (n)

sth that seems to exist but does
not  illusionist (n), illusory (adj)

1.103 potential /p@"tenSl/ (n)

the necessary qualities for sth to
develop or for sb to succeed at sth
Tim can imitate people brilliantly
and has the potential to become a
successful comedian.  potential
(adj), potentially (adv)

1.104 so be it /%s@U "bi: It/ (idm)

used to show that you accept
sth and will not try to or cannot
change it

Grammar

1.105 withdrawn /wID"drO:n/ (adj)

not wanting to speak to other
people

1.106 self-reliant

/%self rI"laI@nt/ (adj)

able to do things by yourself rather
than depending on other people
 self-reliance (n)

relaxed, not worrying about anything

1.107 as a rule /@z @ "ru:l/ (phr)

what usually happens I dont
normally drink coffee as a rule, but
I really fancy one at the moment.

1.108 praise /preIz/ (n)

the act of expressing approval or
admiration Mandy deserves a lot
of praise for being first in her class.
 praise (v)

1.109 outfit /"aUtfIt/ (n)

set of clothes that you wear
together, usu. for a particular
occasion or purpose Hundreds
of pounds are spent on wedding
outfits, and thats not even for the
bride and groom! Its madness!
 outfitter (n), outfit (v)

1.110 manual /"m&nju@l/ (n)

book of instructions for how to do
sth or use sth

1.111 put in /%pUt "In/ (phr v)

spend, e.g. time or effort on sth
James had put in eight hours
work a day on the garden all
summer, but there was still a lot to
do.  input (n)

1.112 detest /dI"test/ (v)

hate  detestation (n), detestable
(adj), detestably (adv)

1.113 fund /fVnd/ (n)

money saved or made available for
a specific purpose  fund (v)

Listening
1.118 carried away (with sth)

/%k&rId @"weI/ (idm)

so excited by, or involved in, sth
that you dont, e.g. notice anything
else that is happening around you

1.119 babble (on about sth)

/"b&bl/ (v)
talk quickly, hardly stopping
babble (n)

1.120 a mixed bag

/@ %mIkst "b&g/ (n)

group of people or things that are
very different. L With people,
this is more often used when the
mixture is surprising. Referring to
things rather than people, a mixed
bag often means a mixture of good
and bad things.

1.121 you could have

knocked me down with a
feather /j@ kUd @v %nQkt mi

%daUn wID @ "feD@(r)/ (idm)

used to express surprise, usu. with a
pleasant surprise rather than a nasty
shock L The only part of the idiom
that changes is the object pronoun,
which can be any person singular
or plural (though me is more
common). You does not change.

1.122 at a loose end

1.114 blossom /"blQs@m/ (n)
flower on a tree or bush before the
fruit appears  blossom (v)

Vocabulary

1.117 laid-back /%leId "b&k/ (adj)

1.115 or so /%O: "s@U/ (idm)

approximately, about L Always
used after the noun phrase to
which it refers

1.116 as regards /@z rI"gA:dz/ (idm)

referring to sth (or sb), often
introducing an idea in a general
way before you go on to talk
about it in more detail Our hotel
in Athens is already booked. As
regards travel arrangements, Jennys
looking into the possibility of early
morning flights from Heathrow.

/@t @ %lu:s "end/ (phr)

not having anything to do and not
knowing what you want to do

1.123 workwise /"w3:kwaIz/ (adv)

concerning work, esp. to contrast
with another area of your life
Workwise, things have been
going well, but weve had a lot of
problems with the house. L The
suffix -wise can be added to other
nouns to mean concerning, e.g.
musicwise, healthwise

1.124 inspired (by) /In"spaI@d/ (adj)

given fresh ideas, confidence and
enthusiasm (to do sth)
 inspiration (n), inspire (v)

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1.135 finish up

1.125 be taken aback

/%bi %teIkn @"b&k/ (idm)

/%fInIS "Vp/ (phr v)

be shocked and unable to speak

for a moment L More often used
in the past simple.

end in a different way from how

sth started or was planned Once
a famous rock star, he finished up
working in a pub.

1.126 chatter (away) /"tS&t@(r)/ (v)

talk quickly and continuously
about things that interest you but
that may not be very important
 chat (n), chatty (adj)

1.127 occupy yourself (with sth/in

doing sth) /"Qkj@paI jO:%self/ (v)

keep yourself busy doing sth To

fill the empty days once Albert had
died, Violet occupied herself with
baking cakes and selling them for
charity.

1.136 get over

/%get "@Uv@(r)/ (phr v)

recover from an illness or sth
unpleasant I know it was a huge
shock when Dave left, but youll get
over it in time.

1.137 as luck would have it

/@z %lVk wUd "h&v It/ (idm)

(usu.) fortunately (if sth pleasant
happens), (less often) unfortunately
(if sth unpleasant happens)

1.128 apprehensive

1.138 paintballing

/%&prI"hensIv/ (adj)

/"peInt%bO:lIN/ (n)

nervous or worried that sth bad

might happen  apprehension (n),
apprehensively (adv)

outdoor leisure activity in which

you use a special type of gun to fire
paint at your opponents, as if in a
real battle  go paintballing (v)

1.129 fine arts /%faIn "A:ts/ (n)

collective term for painting,
sculpture, and other visual arts
(not music or dance)

1.130 mosaic /m@U"zeIIk/ (n)

picture or pattern made by placing
together small pieces of coloured
stone, glass, etc. These fragments
of Roman mosaic were discovered
in the ruins of an old villa.

1.131 weird /wI@d/ (adj)

strange
(adv)

weirdness (n), weirdly

1.132 abstract /"&bstr&kt/ (adj)

representing things in symbols
and shapes rather than realistically
The artist may refer to that
collection of childish scribbles as
abstract art, but frankly I dont
call it art at all.  abstract (n),
abstractly (adv)

1.133 scenario /sI"nA:ri@U/ (n)

visual representation L More
commonly used to mean situation.

1.134 gloomy /"glu:mi/ (adj)

sad or making you feel sad
 gloom (n), gloominess (n),
gloomily (adv)

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1.139 mega-star

/"meg@ %stA:(r)/ (n)

very famous person, esp. in
pop music, films and sport
 mega-stardom (n)

1.140 diversification

/daI%v3:sIfI"keISn/ (n)
development of a wider range of
interests, skills or products
 diversify (v)

1.141 wreck /rek/ (n)

vehicle (or building) that is in very
bad condition  wreck (v)

1.142 restore /rI"stO:(r)/ (v)

repair sth so that it looks as good
as it did originally  restoration
(n), restorer (n)

1.145 outcome /"aUtkVm/ (n)

the result or effect of an action
or event We dont yet know
whether Grannys hip operation
will be successful, but whatever the
outcome, shes going to move to a
ground floor flat.

1.146 profitable /"prQfIt@bl/ (adj)

making or likely to make money
profit (n), profitability (n),
profitably (adv)


1.147 dejected /dI"dZektId/ (adj)

unhappy esp. because you are
disappointed about sth  dejection
(n), dejectedly (adv)

Speaking
1.148 as a matter of fact

/@z @ %m&t@r @v "f&kt/ (idm)

used to introduce more details
about sth you have said Ive
started going to a badminton club
on Tuesdays. As a matter of fact,
it starts in ten minutes and I was
just about to go out. L It can also
contrast with what has just been
said What makes you think I
dislike Peter? As a matter of fact
hes one of my closest friends.

1.149 essential /I"senSl/ (adj)

absolutely necessary Its essential
that you bring the wine before our
guests arrive for dinner.  essential
(n), inessential (adj), essentially
(adv)

1.150 as far as Im concerned

/@z %fA:r @z "aIm k@n%s3:nd/ (phr)

used to introduce your opinion
about sth

1.143 flaw /flO:/ (n)

small mistake or fault in sth
L Can be figurative: a flaw in your
argument or literal: a flaw in the
pattern of the carpet  flawed (adj),
flawless (adj), flawlessly (adv)

1.144 broaden your horizons

/%brO:dn jO: h@"raIz@nz/ (idm)

extend the limits of your interests
or knowledge L The possessive
adjective can change to any
person, singular or plural.

Use of English
1.151 gene /dZi:n/ (n)
part of a cell which controls a
particular quality in a living thing
 genetics (n unc), genetic (adj),
genetically (adv)

1.152 receptive (to) /rI"septIv/ (adj)

willing to listen to or accept new
ideas or suggestions She was
delighted she had such a receptive
audience for her first speech.
 receptiveness (n)

1.153 alter /"O:lt@(r)/ (v)

become or make sth different,
modify If we alter the length
of this dress, it would be more
appropriate for the wedding.
 alteration (n)

1.154 bring about

/%brIN @"baUt/ (phr v)

cause The new tax law has
brought about a lot of criticism.

1.155 prospect /"prQspekt/ (n)

the likely possibility that sth will
happen The prospect of not
having a summer holiday this
year is unbearable! This can also
be used to refer to sth that you
know or expect is going to happen,
usu. with either a very positive
or negative emotion: Mary was
delighted/horrified at the prospect
of having the house to herself for
two weeks while Dennis was away.
 prospective (adj)

1.156 illustrate /"Il@streIt/ (v)

make the meaning of sth clearer by
using examples To convince your
audience, you could illustrate your
points with some statistical data.
 illustration (n), illustrative (adj)

1.157 (the) converse /"kQnv3:s/ (n)

the opposite of a fact or statement
conversely (adv)

1.158 Finnish /"fInIS/ (adj)

from Finland  Finn (n), Finland (n)

1.159 outlook (on) /"aUtlUk/ (n)

attitude to life and the world
Spending all Friday evening in
Micks company, with his negative
outlook on life, was not what Janet
had planned.

1.160 susceptible (to)

/s@"sept@bl/ (adj)
likely to suffer from or be affected
by an illness or injury
susceptibility (n, often n pl)

Vocabulary

Writing

1.161 with any luck

1.173 highlight /"haIlaIt/ (v)

/%wID "eni %lVk/ (phr)

if things turn out well

1.162 the luck of the draw

/D@2 %lVk @v D@ "drO:/ (idm)

decided by chance

1.163 take pot luck

/%teIk %pQt "lVk/ (idm)

make a choice hoping that it will
be good, but without knowing
much about it

1.164 be out of luck

/bi %aUt @v "lVk/ (phr)

not be able to have something that
you normally could

1.165 beginners luck

/bI%gIn@z "lVk/ (n)

unexpected success when you do
something new

1.166 push your luck

/%pUS jO: "lVk/ (idm)

take a greater risk than is sensible

1.167 no such luck

/%n@U %sVtS "lVk/ (phr)

used to show disappointment that
sth you were hoping for did not
happen

1.168 by a stroke of luck

/baI @ %str@Uk @v "lVk/ (phr)

fortunately and unexpectedly

1.169 write-off /"raIt %Qf/ (n)

a vehicle that is so badly damaged
in an accident that it is not worth
repairing  write sth off (phr v)

1.170 speeding /"spi:dIN/ (n)

driving or riding a vehicle faster
than the legal limit  speed (n, v)

1.171 package holiday

/"p&kIdZ %hQl@deI/ (n)

a holiday organised by a company
at a fixed price that includes the
cost of travel, accommodation, etc.

1.172 modestly /"mQdIstli/ (adv)

not talking much about your own
abilities  modesty (n), modest (adj)

mark a part of sth to help you see

it easily, usu. with a coloured pen
or on screen  highlighter (n)

1.174 reference /"refr@ns/ (n)

letter written by sb who knows
you, giving information about your
character and abilities, especially
to a new employer

1.175 tutorial /tju:"tO:ri@l/ (adj)

referring to a regular meeting
between a tutor and several
students  tutor (n), tutorial (n)

1.176 lose your temper

/%lu:z jO: "temp@(r)/ (idm)

become angry and not be able to
control your anger

1.177 resort /rI"zO:t/ (n)

place where a lot of people go
on holiday, more specifically a
particular hotel and its grounds,
private beach, etc.

1.178 destination /%destI"neISn/ (n)

place where sb is going or where
sth is being sent

1.179 cool /ku:l/ (adj)

not excited or emotional even in
difficult situations  coolness (n),
coolly (adv)

1.180 collected /k@"lektId/ (adj)

in control of yourself L The three
adjectives cool, calm, and collected
mean very similar things and are
often used together

1.181 concern /k@n"s3:n/ (v)

be of interest to, affect L The
phrase To whom it may concern is
commonly used in job references
when the person writing it does
not have the name of the person to
whom they are writing.
 concern (n)

1.182 bubbly /"bVbli/ (adj)

lively, cheerful and talkative

1.183 down-to-earth

/%daUn tu "3:T/ (adj)

sensible and practical, in a way
that is friendly and helpful

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1.184 youth club /"ju:T %klVb/ (n)

1.192 brainstorm /"breInstO:m/ (v)

a club where young people (usu.

teenagers) meet and take part in
various activities

think of as many ideas as possible

for a specific purpose, usu. in
a short space of time (often in
a group)  brainstorming (n),
brainstorm (n) L brainstorm is
more correctly a term meaning a
sudden inability to think clearly,
but it is also now used as an
alternative to brainstorming.

1.185 inclined (to do sth)

/In"klaInd/ (adj)
likely to do sth Johns not
inclined to lie, so Id believe him if
I were you.  inclination (n)

1.186 come in (useful)

/%kVm In "(ju:sfl)/ (phr v)

be useful, often referring to a
specific job or situation I dont
normally carry much small change
but it comes in useful for the coffee
machine at college.

1.187 accomplished

/@"kVmplISt/ (adj)
very good at a particular skill an
accomplished pianist L If no skill
is mentioned, this means having
a lot of different skills: highly
accomplished.  accomplishment
(n), accomplish (v)

1.188 lifeguard /"laIfgA:d/ (n)

person at a swimming pool or on
a beach whose responsibility is to
rescue people who are in danger in
the water

1.189 commonsense

/%kQm@n"sens/ (n)
ability to think about things in a
practical way and make sensible
decisions L Can also be spelt as
two words.

1.190 ensure /In"SU@(r)/ (v)

make sure that sth happens, or
that sth is definite

1.191 access /"&kses/ (n)

opportunity to use sth Gillian
was astonished to find that there
was no Internet access in the hotel,
even though it was mentioned in
the advert. access (v)

Review
1.193 passionate /"p&S@n@t/ (adj)
having strong feelings of
enthusiasm for sth or belief in sth
 passion (n), passionately (adv)

1.194 entire /In"taI@(r)/ (adj)

whole, including everything,
everyone or every part The entire
class stood up when the Principal
walked into the room. L Only
used before nouns, to emphasise
that the whole of sth is involved.
 entirety (n) entirely (adv)

1.195 waxwork /"w&ksw3:k/ (n)

model of a person that is made of
wax

1.196 competition

/%kQmp@"tISn/ (n)
situation in which organisations
(or people) compete with each
other to have the most, or for sth
that not everyone can have
With the closure of the other
Thai restaurant in town, business
is thriving at Surees as there is no
local competition.  competitor (n),
compete (v)

1.197 long-term /%lQN "t3:m/ (adj)

lasting or having an effect over a
long period of time

1.198 go swimmingly

/"swImINli/ (adv)
happen without any problems or
difficulties Theres no need to
worry, the arrangements for the
wedding are going swimmingly and
it should be a fantastic occasion.

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Workbook
Reading
Better and better
1.199 still /stIl/ (adj)
not moving, calm and quiet
Please keep still while I brush
your hair.

1.200 reflect (on) /rI"flekt/ (v)

think carefully and deeply about
sth Before I decide on such an
important issue, Ill need some
time to reflect.  reflection (n)

1.201 prod (sb into doing sth)

/prQd/ (v)
try to make sb do sth, esp. when
they are unwilling  prod (n)

1.202 non-committal attitude

/%nQn k@%mItl "&tItju:d/ (phr)

not giving an opinion; not showing
which side of an argument you
agree with Paul has a rather noncommital attitude to the problem. I
dont really know what he thinks.

1.203 pessimistic /%pesI "mIstIk/ (adj)

expecting bad things to happen
I dont know why Mike is so
pessimistic about his exam results.
Hes never failed an exam so far!
 pessimism (n), pessimist (n),
pessimistically (adv)

1.204 pretty /"prIti/ (adv)

quite, to some extent, fairly The
boots were pretty expensive, but I
bought them anyway.

1.205 spirits /"spIrIts/ (n pl)

persons feelings or state of mind
My spirits sank when I realised
how much work I had to do.

1.206 pluck /plVk/ (v)

take hold of sth and remove it
by pulling it She plucked the
banknotes from my grasp and ran
away.

1.207 non-negotiable

/%nQn nI"g@US@bl/ (adj)

that cannot be discussed or
changed Going to bed before nine
is non-negotiable on weekdays.
You can stay up until late only at
the weekends.  negotiation (n),
negotiate (v), negotiable (adj)

1.208 mind /maInd/ (v)

be upset, annoyed or worried by
sth I really dont mind the rain
its the wind that I hate.

1.209 commute /k@"mju:t/ (v)

travel regularly by bus, train, car,
etc. between your place of work
and your home  commuter (n)

1.210 option /"QpSn/ (n)

choice, sth that you can choose
to have or do Students have
the option to study a number
of subjects, according to their
preferences.  optional (adj),
optionally (adv)

1.211 alternative /O:l"t3:n@tIv/ (n)

thing that you can choose to
do or have out of two or more
possibilities You have two
alternatives: either you come with
us or you stay with Aunt Martha
for the weekend.  alternative
(adj), alternatively (adv)

1.212 affirming /@"f3:mIN/ (adj)

that strengthens an idea or belief
Making regular affirming
statements about yourself can help
you to improve your self-confidence.
 affirm (v), affirmation (n),
affirmative (adj), affirmatively (adv)

1.213 tackle /"t&kl/ (v)

make an effort to deal with a
difficult problem or situation
The school is determined to
tackle hooliganism.

1.214 lateral thought

/%l&t@r@l "TO:t/ (n)

way of solving problems by using
your imagination to find new ways
of looking at the problem

1.215 process /"pr@Uses/ (n)

series of things that are done in
order to achieve a particular result
Learning a foreign language can
be a slow process, but you should
not give up.  process (v)

1.216 martyr /"mA:t@(r)/ (n)

person who works harder or
suffers more than they need to,
often in order to gain attention
or sympathy Dont be such a
martyr! We can all help with the
housework.

1.217 stamina /"st&mIn@/ (n)

the physical or mental strength that
enables you to do sth difficult for
long periods of time It takes a lot
of stamina to run a marathon.

1.218 regime /reI"Zi:m/ (n)

method or system of organising
or managing sth Im starting a
new exercise regime. Im going to
go running every day and go to the
gym twice a week.

1.219 housemate /"haUsmeIt/ (n)

person that you share a house with

1.220 chore /O:(r)/ (n)

task that you do regularly
Household chores such as doing
the washing-up are really boring,
but someone has to do them!

1.221 adopt /@"dQpt/ (v)

use a particular manner, way of
speaking, expression, etc.
Adopting a more open-minded
attitude helps parents understand
their children better.  adoption (n)

1.222 component

/k@m "p@Un@nt/ (n)

one of several parts of which sth is
made Trust is a vital component
of friendship.  component (adj)

1.223 face up to

/%feIs "Vp t@/ (phr v)

accept and deal with sth that is
difficult or unpleasant Brad quit
his job and has to face up to the
fact that he might not find a new
one for some time.

1.224 poison /"pOIzn/ (v)

have a bad effect on sth His
constant criticism poisoned their
relationship and soon they did not
even speak to each other.  poison
(n), poisonous (adj)

1.225 vital /"vaItl/ (adj)

necessary or essential  vitally (adv)

1.226 tune into

/%tju:n "Int@/ (phr v)

become aware of Its difficult
to tune into what teenagers really
need nowadays.

1.227 perspective /p@"spektIv/ (n)

way of thinking about sth or
attitude towards it The threat
of terrorism has put a whole new
perspective on foreign travel for
many people.

1.228 make up /%meIk "Vp/ (phr v)

form sth Children under sixteen
make up 20 per cent of the
population.

1.229 resolute /"rez@lu:t/ (adj)

having or showing great
determination He was resolute
that there would be no exceptions
to the rule.  resoluteness (n),
resolutely (adv)

1.230 rationale (for/behind)

/%r&S@"nA:l/ (n)
principles or reasons which explain
a particular decision, course of
action, belief, etc. What is the
rationale behind the new changes
to the FCE exams?  rationalism
(n), rationalist (n), rationalise (v)

1.231 compelling /k@m"pelIN/ (adj)

that makes you think sth
is definitely true There is
compelling evidence that the factory
has been polluting the nearby
river for years.  compel (v),
compellingly (adv)

1.232 work out /%w3:k "aUt/ (phr v)

plan or think of sth, calculate sth
I cant work out why she hasnt
phoned me. L When a plan/idea
etc. works out it is successful.

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1.233 soul mate /"s@Ul %meIt/ (n)

person that you have a special
friendship with because you
understand each others feelings
and interests

1.234 pay off /%peI "Qf/ (phr v)

be successful and bring good
results Im hoping all this hard
work will pay off in the end.

1.235 sour /"saU@(r)/ (adj)

not cheerful, bad-tempered and
unpleasant Her sour expression
made it very clear that she wasnt
enjoying the evening. L Also:
having a bitter taste like the taste
of a lemon or of fruit that is not
ripe

1.236 bubble /"bVbl/ (n)

small amount of a feeling that sb
wants to express His smile gave
Kate a bubble of hope about the
future. L Also: a ball of air or gas
in a liquid or a solid substance
such as glass

1.237 look on the dark side

/%lUk Qn D@ "dA:k %saId/ (idm)

be pessimistic about a situation, by
thinking only of the disadvantages
and not the advantages If you
always look on the dark side of
a situation you will miss all the
opportunities it can bring.
L Opposite: look on the bright side.

1.238 contemplate

/"kQnt@mpleIt/ (v)
look at or consider thoughtfully
contemplation (n), contemplative
(adj), contemplatively (adv)


1.239 dispense with

/dI"spens wID/ (phr v)

get rid of sth or stop using it
because you no longer need it
With these new laser printers you
can dispense with old-fashioned
inkjet printers for ever.

1.240 reject /rI"ekt/ (v)

refuse to accept or consider sth
Unfortunately, they rejected our
offer to help although I really believe
they needed it  rejection (n)

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1.241 fulfil /fUl"fIl/ (v)

do or have what is required or
necessary You should always
fulfil your promises to your
children, otherwise they will lose
faith in you.  fulfilment (n),
fulfilling (adj)

1.242 relieve /rI"li:v/ (v)

remove or reduce an unpleasant
feeling or pain These pills relieve
coughing caused by allergies. relief
(n)

1.243 initially /I"nIS@li/ (adv)

at the beginning, at first Initially,
I thought Pam was his sister but
then I found out theyre cousins.
 initial (adj, n, v), initiate (v)

1.244 predictable /prI"dIkt@bl/ (adj)

if sth is predictable, you know
in advance that it will happen or
what it will be like The weather
here in summer is very predictable
its sunny virtually every day.
 predict (v), prediction (n),
predictability (n), unpredictable
(adj), (un)predictably (adv)

1.245 reinforce /%ri:In"fO:s/ (v)

make sth stronger The climate
of political confusion has only
reinforced the countrys economic
decline.  reinforcement (n)

Vocabulary
1.248 moody /"mu:di/ (adj)
having the way you are feeling at a
particular time change quickly and
often Paul is very moody he
can be really angry one minute and
then perfectly calm the next.
 mood (n)

1.249 consultation

/%kQns@l"teISn/ (n)
the act of discussing sth with sb
before making a decision about
it The decision was taken after
close consultation with the local
authorities. L Also: a meeting
with an expert, esp. a doctor, to
get advice or treatment  consult
(v), consultant (n)

1.250 offend /@"fend/ (v)

make sb feel upset because of
sth you say or do that is rude or
embarrassing His rude comments
offended her, but she tried not to
show it.  offence (n), offended
(adj), offensive (adj), offensively
(adv)

Grammar
1.251 for the sake of it

1.246 insignificant

/%InsIg"nIfIk@nt/ (adj)
not big or valuable enough to be
considered important I really
dont understand why you are
making such a fuss over such
an insignificant mistake!  (in)
significance (n), signify (v),
significant (adj), (in)significantly
(adv)

1.247 communicate

/k@"mju:nIkeIt/ (v)
make your ideas, feelings,
thoughts, etc. known to other
people so that they understand
them  communication (n), (un)
communicative (adj)

/f@ D@ "seIk @v %It/ (phr)

doing sth because you want to, not
for any particular reason Dont
just get married for the sake of it;
find someone you love first!

1.252 resort to /rI"zO:t t@/ (phr v)

make use of sth, esp. sth bad, as
a means of achieving sth, often
because there is no other possible
solution I believe there is no
reason for parents to resort to
violence, whatever the problem!

1.253 maintain /meIn"teIn/ (v)

keep a building, a machine, etc.
in good condition by checking or
repairing it regularly
 maintenance (n)

1.254 credit note /"kredIt %n@Ut/ (n)

letter that a shop gives you when
you have returned sth and that
allows you to have goods of the
same value in exchange

1.255 recall /rI"kO:l/ (v)

remember sth Do you recall the
name of your first teacher?

1.256 amendment (to)

/@"mendm@nt/ (n)
small change or improvement
Theres been an amendment to
the school bus schedules, we will be
picking you up five minutes earlier.
 amend (v)

1.257 boast (about) /b@Ust/ (v)

talk with too much pride about sth
that you have or can do I know
Sallys a good athlete, but shes
always boasting about how fast she
can run.  boastful (adj)

1.258 strike /straIk/ (v)

refuse to work as a protest The
council workers have decided to
strike for higher pay.  strike (n)

1.259 resident /"rezId@nt/ (n)

person who lives in a particular
place The residents of the
apartment block have to pay an
annual maintenance charge.

1.260 premises /"prem@sIz/ (n pl)

building and land near it that a
business owns or uses Notice to
all staff: Smoking is not allowed
anywhere on the premises.

1.261 terms /t3:mz/ (n pl)

conditions that people offer,
demand or accept when they make
an agreement, an arrangement or
a contract You should check the
terms of the agreement before you
sign it.

1.262 thesis /"Ti:sIs/ (n)

long piece of writing completed by
a student as part of a university
degree, based on their own research

1.263 baggage handler

/"b&gI %h&ndl@(r)/ (n)

person employed to load and
unload baggage at airports

1.264 official /@"fISl/ (n)

person who is in a position of
authority in a large organisation

1.265 spectator /spek"teIt@(r)/ (n)

person watching a live event
spectacle, (n), spectate (v)

1.266 scruffy /"skrVfi/ (adj)

dirty or untidy No, Jenny, you
certainly cant go to school in those
scruffy old jeans!  scruffiness (n),
scruffily (adv)

1.267 rucksack /"rVks&k/ (n)

large bag carried on the back
and used esp. by people who go
climbing or walking

1.268 stationery /"steIS@nri/ (n)

materials for writing and for using
in an office, for example paper,
pens and envelopes

1.269 pitch /pItS/ (n)

area of ground specially prepared
and marked for playing a game
such as football

Listening
1.270 impression /Im"preSn/ (n)
idea, feeling or opinion that you
get about sb/sth, or that sb/
sth gives you Lee didnt say
anything about it, but I got the
impression she was unhappy in her
new job.  impressionable (adj)

1.271 let down /%let "daUn/ (phr v)

fail to help or support sb as they
had hoped or expected I trust my
parents judgement because they
have never let me down.

1.272 host /h@Ust/ (n)

person who invites guests to a
meal, a party, etc.

1.273 devastated

/"dev@steItId/ (adj)
extremely upset and shocked
When her cat was killed by a
passing car, she was devastated
and it took her a long time
to recover.  devastate (v),
devastating (adj), devastation (n)

1.274 plausible /"plO:z@bl/ (adj)

good at sounding honest and
sincere, esp. when trying to trick
people Matt always had an
excuse for being late, but it never
sounded very plausible.
 plausibility (n), implausible
(adj), (im)plausibly (adv)

1.275 superficial /%su:p@"fISl/ (adj)

appearing to be true, real or
important until you look at it
more carefully When you first
meet her, she gives a superficial
impression of warmth and
friendliness.  superficiality (n),
superficially (adv)

1.276 vulnerable (to)

/"vVln@r@bl/ (adj)
weak and easily hurt physically or
emotionally The little girl looked
very vulnerable standing there
on her own.  vulnerability (n),
vulnerably (adv)

1.277 plague /pleIg/ (n)

disease spread by rats that causes
fever, swellings on the body and
usually death

1.278 cease /si:s/ (v)

stop happening or existing
The workers voted to cease their
strike only if their demands were
satisfied.

1.279 exasperate

/Ig"z&sp@reIt/ (v)
annoy or irritate sb very much
Children often exasperate their
parents with all the questions they
ask.  exasperation (n), exasperated
(adj), exasperating (adj)

1.280 pursue /p@"sju:/ (v)

do sth or try to achieve sth over a
period of time My son wishes to
pursue a career in medicine.
L Also: follow or chase sb/sth in
order to catch them  pursuit (n),
pursuer (n)

1.281 fall out (with)

/%fO:l "aUt/ (phr v)

quarrel with sb so that you are no
longer friendly with them Do you
know why Maggie and Pat have
fallen out and dont speak to each
other?

CAE Result Oxford University Press 11

1.282 refuge /"refju:/ (n)

(a place of) safety and protection,
shelter from danger Weve been
advised that if the hurricane hits us
we should take refuge in the cellar.
 refugee (n)

1.283 pack /p&k/ (n)

group of animals that hunt together

Use of English
1.284 mock /mQk/ (adj)
not real Before we take the final
examinations at school, our teacher
always gives us a mock exam for
practice.  mock (v), mocking (adj)

1.285 feedback /"fi:db&k/ (n)

advice, criticism or information
about how good or useful sth
is We welcome both positive
and negative feedback from our
customers.

1.286 float /fl@Ut/ (v)

move in a light way without
becoming fixed Ive had this idea
floating around in my mind for
some time. L Also: move slowly on
water or in the air  flotation (n)

1.287 seek out /%si:k "aUt/ (phr v)

look for and find sb/sth, esp.
when this means using a lot of
effort In our restaurant, we seek
out the best fruits and vegetables
for our clients.

1.288 capture /"k&p@(r)/ (v)

film/record/paint, etc. sb/sth
In Guernica Picasso captures the
tragedy of the Spanish Civil War.
L Also: catch a person or an
animal and keep them in an
enclosed space

1.289 potential /p@"tenSl/ (adj)

possible, that can develop into sth
or be developed in the future
Before taking any medicine, you
should read the potential sideeffects it might have.
 potentially (adv)

12 CAE Result Oxford University Press

1.290 benefit /"ben@fIt/ (n)

advantage that sth gives you,
helpful and useful effect that sth
has  beneficial (adj), beneficially
(adv)

1.291 ease /i:z/ (n)

lack of difficulty Jackie came
first in the race with ease, everyone
else was far behind her.  ease (v),
easy (adj), easily (adv)