Cessna T182T Skylane TC Pilot's Guide

CESSNA T182T SKYLANE TC
for Flight Simulator X
Flight1 Software Cessna T182T Skylane TC Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com
table of contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Important Information........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4~5
PC Performance......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Reinstalling Your Software.................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Aircraft Data............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8~9
Symbols and Abbreviations...............................................................................................................................................................................10
Selecting Your Aircraft...........................................................................................................................................................................................11
Creating a New Default Flight...........................................................................................................................................................................11
Beginning with a Cold and Dark Cockpit....................................................................................................................................................11
Auxiliary Control Panel..................................................................................................................................................................................12~13
2D Pop-Up Panels...................................................................................................................................................................................................13
Exterior Aircraft Lighting and Animations....................................................................................................................................................14
Virtual Cockpit...................................................................................................................................................................................................15~18
Garmin G1000 Primary Flight Display................................................................................................................................................... 19~24
Garmin G1000 Multi-Function Display.................................................................................................................................................. 25~34
Flight Planning..................................................................................................................................................................................................34~41
Flight Director and Autopilot......................................................................................................................................................................41~43
Audio Panel.................................................................................................................................................................................................................44
Battery and Avionics Bus Panel...............................................................................................................................................................45~46
Dimming Panel and Flood Lights....................................................................................................................................................................46
Electrical Switch Panel.................................................................................................................................................................................47~48
Magnetos Switch.....................................................................................................................................................................................................48
Circuit Breaker Panel.............................................................................................................................................................................................49
Parking Brake............................................................................................................................................................................................................49
ELT and Hobbs Meter...........................................................................................................................................................................................50
Standby Instruments......................................................................................................................................................................................50~52
Engine, Wing Flaps and Defroster Controls....................................................................................................................................... 52~53
Center Pedestal........................................................................................................................................................................................................54
Inadvertent Flight Into Icing Conditions.......................................................................................................................................................55
Supplemental Oxygen Supply System.........................................................................................................................................................55
Limitations...........................................................................................................................................................................................................56~58
Normal Procedures........................................................................................................................................................................................59~65
Performance Charts.......................................................................................................................................................................................66~84
INTRODUCTION
The Cessna 182 Skylane is a four-seat, single-engine general aviation aircraft. Introduced in 1956, the Cessna
182 Skylane has been produced in numerous variants and is the most popular Cessna aircraft model after the
172 Skyhawk.
The Cessna T182T Skylane TC is an all-metal, four-seat, high wing, single-engine aircraft equipped with tricycle
landing gear and is designed for general utility purposes.
The fuselage is of conventional construction, featuring metal bulkheads, stringers and outer skin. The externally
braced wings, which contain integral fuel tanks, are constructed of a front and rear spar with metal ribs, doublers
and stringers. The entire surface is then skinned in aluminum. Mounted on the trailing edge are conventionally
hinged ailerons and electric-powered single slot flaps. The conventional tail assembly is formed from metal
spars, ribs and aluminum skin.
The aircraft's flight controls consist of the standard elevator, aileron and rudder control surfaces. The control
surfaces are manually operated via mechanical linkages. In addition, the elevator and rudder feature manually
operated trim tabs.
The instrument panel is constructed of metal and features a glareshield to reduce reflections on the windshield.
The T182T variant modelled in this simulation features a fuel-injected 235hp turbo-charged piston engine and a
Garmin G1000 NAV III flight deck that includes a separate audio panel and integrated flight planning and autopilot
controls. And although the G1000 is the centerpiece of the simulation, you will find that the aircraft has even more
to offer. The aircraft model is extremely detailed, both inside and out. Aircraft systems are very detailed, given the
limitations of Flight Simulator, and the sounds and flight dynamics are as close to the real aircraft as possible.
We hope that you enjoy the Flight1 Software Cessna T182T Skylane TC as much as we enjoyed creating it for
you. Many happy landings!
Jim Rhoads
Flight1 Software
important information
About This Pilot's Guide
Please read through this Pilot's Guide to become familiar with the Flight1 Software Cessna T182T Skylane TC.
The Cessna T182T Skylane TC includes many avionics and features that you will want to familiarize yourself with.
Taking the time to do this now will allow you to get the most enjoyment out of your new software.
This software is designed for entertainment purposes only. Although we have designed the Cessna T182T
Skylane TC for Flight Simulator X to resemble and function as closely as possible the real full-scale aircraft, it
is not designed as a training device. Not all systems have been simulated, and some of those that have been
simulated may not be entirely functional or simulated to 100% accuracy.
Flight1 Software is not responsible for errors due to differences in functionality between any parts of the
Cessna T182T Skylane TC for Flight Simulator X and the real full-scale aircraft. This includes, but is not limited
to, the aircraft model, flight performance and instruments, including the Garmin G1000 flight deck.
Flight Simulator X SP2 Requirements

The Flight1 Software Cessna T182T Skylane TC requires Microsoft Flight Simulator X SP2, Acceleration or Gold
edition. This software is NOT compatible with Flight Simulator X SP1. For more information, and to download
Service Pack (SP2) for Flight Simulator X, please visit the Microsoft FSInsider website at www.fsinsider.com
Printing This Pilot's Guide

Even though this Pilot's Guide is designed in color to make it easy to
read on your computer screen, if you wish to print this Pilot's Guide
and save ink at the same time, please choose to print in Grayscale, via
your computers print dialog screen.
To ensure that the entire Pilot's Guide prints, make sure to choose
Reduce to Printer Margins and Auto-Rotate and Center in your Adobe
Acrobat Reader print dialog box.
Customer Support
Flight1 Software strives to provide timely, reliable support. The following support options are available:
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For support related to passwords, order numbers, and key files, please visit our Automated Support System
at www.flight1.com/view.asp?page=service
If you need further support related to one or more of items above, please use our Support Ticket System at
www.flight1.com/ticket.asp
For technical product support related specifically to the Cessna T182T Skylane TC software package, please
visit our Technical Support Forum at www.simforums.com/forums/
Please note that the Support Ticket System should not be used for technical product support.
important information
Pilot's Guide Overview
This Pilot's Guide is layed out in such a way to make it as easy as possible for you to become familiar with the
Cessna T182T Skylane TC software package. This Pilot's Guide covers many aspects of the Cessna T182T Skylane
TC, including, but not limited to, the virtual cockpit, gauges, click-spots, major aircraft systems, and the aircraft
limitations, checklists and performance charts.
This Pilot's Guide details the most important aspects of the Garmin G1000 PFD and MFD. For more in-depth
information, please download and read the Garmin G1000 NAV III Pilot's Guide at:
http://www8.garmin.com/manuals/G1000:CessnaNavIIISystemSoftware0563.18_PilotsGuide.pdf
Although we have strived to model as many important features in this version of the G1000 PFD and MFD, not
all features have been simulated, and some of those that have been simulated may not be entirely functional.
Pilot's Guide Layout Example

Nearly every knob, switch, button, key and lever in the Cessna T182T Skylane TC can be clicked on and has an
associated function. The different sections of this Pilot's Guide detail each of the main panel sections and associated
aircraft functions.
Items that can be clicked on are referenced in red and items that cannot be clicked on, but have a feature associated
with it are referenced in orange. Knobs, levers and switches that have multiple click-spots associated with
them feature yellow boxes that surround the specific click-spot. Items such as keys, buttons and two-position
switches can be turned ON and OFF by simply clicking on them, therefore, no separate yellow box is displayed.
Each feature that is referenced has a corresponding number with a description of the specific feature and its
function. See the example below:
Three-Position Switch
with Separate
Click-Spot Zones
1) STNDBY BATT - Controls the standby battery system.

2
Function
Without Click-Spot
OFF - When the switch is in the OFF position, no

power is drawn from the standby battery.
Feature / Function
Description
Most aircraft system features are detailed and explained in the associated panel section. Some aircraft
systems that require more detailed explanations have their own separate sections.
Items that don't have a click-spot or function reference associated with them are not modeled in this simulation.
Navigation Data
The G1000 features Navigraph FMS AIRAC data. If you would like to update the FMS AIRAC data cycle, you will need
to contact Navigraph directly at www.navigraph.com. They provide support and upgrade services for this data.
Currently installed Navigraph AIRAC data cycle information can be found in your Microsoft Flight Simulator X/
Navigraph/Navdata folder.
WAAS approach data is provided by Flight1 Software and is separate from all other navigation data. To
check for updates to WAAS approach data, please visit www.flight1software.com.
PC performance
In general, Flight Simulator X is more demanding on system resources than any past version of Flight Simulator
to date. This is mostly due to the added complexity of the scenery being displayed. The scenery is displayed at
a much higher resolution and there is much more autogen, more highly-detailed 3D models, moving traffic, etc.
Combine this with an aircraft like the Cessna T182T Skylane TC that features a G1000 PFD and MFD glass panel,
and even more demand is placed on your system - much more so than if you're using one of the default aircraft.
Because of this it's important that you optimize your system to get the best performance out of it.
If your PC is at the high end of the recommended system specifications, you should be able to run the Cessna
T182T Skylane TC without issue. If, however, your PC is near the bottom of the system recommendations you
may need to reduce some of your Flight Simulator settings to increase system performance. There are also
changes that you can make to your video card settings to improve system performance.
We've listed some recommendations to help improve system performance. Since computer systems are so
widely varied, these are general recommendations and may or may not help in all cases. It will be up to you to
experiment with different settings until you are satisfied with the results.
Many computer systems have programs running in the background that are not necessary for use during
gaming. Many of these background tasks can be temporarily shut down to free up more processing power
for Flight Simulator X. Before launching Flight Simulator X, make sure to shut down any non-essential
background tasks.
Adjust the settings for your video card directly through your video card and not through Flight Simulator X.
In most cases, allowing your video card to control Anti-Aliasing and Anisiotropic Filtering is preferable to
allowing Flight Simulator X to control these settings. Keep in mind that although higher Anti-Aliasing and
Anisiotropic Filtering settings result in superior visuals, these settings can negatively affect Flight Simulator X
performance. You may need to lower these settings to find a balance between high-quality visuals and
acceptable performance. For ATI users, we recommend using ATI Tray Tools. For NVidia users, we recommend
using NVidia NHancer.
Flight Simulator Settings
Ensure that you have installed the latest updates for both your Windows and Flight Simulator X installations
and defragment your hard drive regularly.
Video Card Settings
Some of the settings in Flight Simulator X that affect performance are autogen, AI aircraft, road traffic, scenery
complexity and water effects. These settings can cause even more of a performance hit if you are using add-on
software that enhance these aspects of Flight Simulator X. You may need to lower one or more of these settings
to find a balance between high-quality visuals and acceptable performance. Again, it will be up to you to
experiment with settings until you are satisfied with the results.
reinstalling your software

Backing Up Your Original Download File and Your Key File
After you've installed your software, please take a moment to back up your original download file (the file you
downloaded when you purchased the product - it has a red airplane icon and is labeled Flight One Purchasing
Module) and your key file, both of which are saved to your hard disc in the folder that you specified before the
download process. Both of these files should be backed up to a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM so that you can reinstall
the product in the future without needing to redownload it.
Do not back up the Extracted Program File that's located in your C:\Flight One Software folder. In most cases
this file cannot be used to reinstall the product. If you reinstall the product using this file, you will most likely
receive a license error when you run the software. Always be sure to back up and reinstall from the original file
that you downloaded when you first made your purchase.
Reinstalling Your Software

Temporarily turn off any anti-virus software and any other disc utilities that may be running in the background.
Double-click the original download file (the Flight One Purchasing Module) to run the installation wrapper.
If your PC is NOT connected to the Internet, choose the License Transfer option and follow the on-screen prompts.
On the main installation wrapper screen, press the Click Here to Reinstall button, or press the Optional Flight1
Login if you originally chose the keyless installation method.
Click Here
to Reinstall
Ensure that your PC is connected to the Internet, then follow the on-screen prompts to select your key file and
enter your password (or enter your Flight1 login and password). Once your purchasing information is validated,
the software will be extracted to your hard disc and the installation will start automatically.
After the installation completes, reboot your computer before running the software for the first time. This will
ensure that any DLLs, fonts, etc., register with Windows and will ensure trouble-free use.
If you're using the Windows Vista or the Windows 7 operating system and are having trouble reinstalling your
software, please visit the Flight1 Windows Vista Online FAQ here: http://www.flight1.com/view.asp?page=vista
AIRCRAFT DATA
Engine
Manufacturer...........................................................................................................................................................................Textron Lycoming
Model.................................................................................................................................................................................................... TIO-540-AK1A
Engine Type.....................................................................................................Turbocharged, Direct Drive Air-Cooled, Fuel Injected
Number of Cylinders............................................................................................................................ 6-Cylinder, Horizontally Opposed
Displacement............................................................................................................................................................................. 541.5 Cubic Inch
Horsepower..........................................................................................................................................235 BHP at 32 In.Hg and 2400 RPM
Propeller
Manufacturer....................................................................................................................................................McCauley Propeller Systems
Model.....................................................................................................................................................................................B3D36C442/80VSB-1
Number of Blades..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Diameter.......................................................................................................................................................................................................79 Inches
Type.......................................................................................................................................Constant Speed and Hydraulically Actuated
Fuel
Approved Fuel Grades................................................100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue) / 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (Green)
Total Fuel Capacity..................................................................................................................................................................92.0 U.S. Gallons
Total Usable Fuel......................................................................................................................................................................87.0 U.S. Gallons
Total Fuel Capacity Each Tank..........................................................................................................................................46.0 U.S. Gallons
Total Usable Fuel Each Tank..............................................................................................................................................43.5 U.S. Gallons
Oil
Oil Capacity - Sump.................................................................................................................................................................... 8.0 U.S. Quarts
Total Oil Capacity......................................................................................................................................................................... 9.0 U.S. Quarts
Exterior Dimensions
Length.................................................................................................................................................................................................................29 Feet
Height................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Feet 4 Inches
Wing Span........................................................................................................................................................................................................36 Feet
Landing Gear Wheelbase.................................................................................................................................................................66.5 Inches
Propeller Ground Clearance......................................................................................................................................................10.875 Inches
Wing Area..................................................................................................................................................................................174.0 Square Feet
Accommodations
Seats...........................................................................................................................................................................4 (Pilot and 3 Passengers)
Altitudes
Maximum Operating Altitude.........................................................................................................................................................20,000 Feet
AIRCRAFT DATA
Basic Performance
Takeoff Distance
Ground Roll.............................................................................................................................................................................................775 Feet
Total Distance Over 50 Foot Obstacle...................................................................................................................................1385 Feet
Landing Distance
Ground Roll.............................................................................................................................................................................................590 Feet
Total Distance Over 50 Foot Obstacle...................................................................................................................................1350 Feet
Rate of Climb, Sea Level......................................................................................................................................................................1040 Feet
Maximum Speed at 20,000 Feet......................................................................................................................................................176 Knots
Maximum Cruise Speed, 88% Power at 12,500 Feet.............................................................................................................159 Knots
Airspeed Limitations
Stall Speed
Clean (VS)............................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 KCAS
Landing Configuration (VSO)........................................................................................................................................................ 49 KCAS
Maximum Flap Extended Speed (VFE)
Flaps - Up to 10...............................................................................................................................................................................137 KCAS

Flaps - 10 to 20..............................................................................................................................................................................119 KCAS
Flaps - 20 to Full Down................................................................................................................................................................100 KCAS

Maneuvering Speed (VA)
3100 Pounds.......................................................................................................................................................................................110 KCAS

2600 Pounds.......................................................................................................................................................................................101 KCAS
2100 Pounds......................................................................................................................................................................................... 92 KCAS
Never Exceed Speed (VNE)................................................................................................................................................................170 KCAS

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed (VNO)...............................................................................................................................137 KCAS
Maximum Window Open Speed.....................................................................................................................................................170 KCAS
Certified Weights
Maximum Ramp Weight...............................................................................................................................................................3112 Pounds
Maximum Takeoff Weight............................................................................................................................................................3100 Pounds
Maximum Landing Weight..........................................................................................................................................................2950 Pounds
Maximum Baggage Weight.......................................................................................................................................................... 200 Pounds
Standard Weights
Standard Empty Weight................................................................................................................................................................2029 Pounds
Maximum Useful Load...................................................................................................................................................................1083 Pounds
symbols and abbreviations

V-Speed Symbols
VSO Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable in the landing
configuration at maximum gross weight.
VS
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable.
VFE
Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended
position.
VA
Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which you may use abrupt control travel.
VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air, and
then only with caution.
VNE Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time.
VX
Best Angle of Climb Speed provides the best altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance, and is usually
used for clearing obstacles during takeoff.
VY
Best Rate of Climb Speed provides the best altitude gain in the shortest amount of time.
VG
Best Rate of Glide Speed provides the best glide distance in an engine-out scenario.
VR
Rotation Speed. The speed at which the aircraft's nosewheel leaves the ground.
VMC
Minimum Control Speed with the in an engine out situation.
VREF Reference Speed. The landing reference speed or threshold crossing speed.
VSW
Stall Warning Speed. Speed at which the stall warning alarm will occur.
Airspeed Terminology
KCAS Knots Calibrated Airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error and
expressed in knots. Knots calibrated airspeed is equal to KTAS in standard atmosphere at sea level.
KIAS
Indicated Airspeed in Knots.
KTAS True Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air which is the CAS corrected for
altitude, temperature and compressibility.
Meteorological Terminology
OAT
Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature obtained either from in-flight temperature
indications or ground meteorological sources, adjusted for instrument error and compressibility effects.
ISA
Standard Temperature is 15C at sea level pressure altitude and decreases by 2C for each 1000 feet of
altitude.
PA
Pressure Altitude is altitude measured from the standard sea level pressure of 29.92 in Hg by a pressure
of barometric altimeter.
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selecting your aircraft

The Flight1 Software Cessna T182T Skylane TC is located under Cessna in the Flight Simulator Aircraft Manufacturer
drop-down box and under Flight One Software in the Flight Simulator Publisher drop-down box.
Three different stock liveries are available to choose from:
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N282ES White, Red, Black and Gray
N11414 White, Blue and Gray
N201OS White, Tan and Light Blue

In order to see all available liveries, make sure that 'Show all Variations' is selected in the Flight Simulator
aircraft selection screen.
creating a new default flight

When you load the Default Flight in Flight Simulator X, you will be flying out over water. This is not the best
situation for loading your aircraft, so we recommend creating a new default flight to load your Cessna T182T
Skylane TC from.
To create a new default flight, first load the default Flight Simulator flight, move the aircraft to the active runway of
your choice, then save the flight as the new default flight. Load the new default flight, then SWITCH to the Cessna
T182T Skylane TC (using the Aircraft drop-down selection in the Flight Simulator Menu Bar) and set up your flight
parameters, such as location, time, weather, etc.
To prevent problems with panel initialization and aircraft performance upon loading the Cessna T182T Skylane
TC into Flight Simulator X, we strongly advise that you first load the Flight Simulator X Default Flight, then switch
to the Cessna T182T Skylane TC. This will ensure that previously saved panel settings from previous aircraft will
not interfere with the operation of the Cessna T182T Skylane TC. Just some of the problems you might encounter
if you don't load the Cessna T182T Skylane TC as suggested are fuel draw imbalance issues, unusual autopilot
behavior and flight trimming issues.
beginning with a cold and dark cockpit

In the default configuration, when you load the Cessna T182T Skylane TC into the Flight Simulator, all aircraft
systems are up and running. If you would prefer to start out with the aircraft Cold and Dark instead, follow the
procedures below:
Create and load the default Flight Simulator flight as described above.
Manually shut down all of the aircraft systems and save the flight as 'Cold and Dark'. You also have the option of
making it your new default flight. If you do this, all subsequent flights will be Cold and Dark.
Switch to the Cessna T182T Skylane TC using the Flight Simulator Aircraft drop-down menu. The aircraft
should now load into Flight Simulator Cold and Dark.
If you make the Cold and Dark flight your default flight, all aircraft you load into Flight Simulator will load in a
Cold and Dark state.
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Auxiliary Control Panel

Auxiliary Control Panel Overview
The Auxiliary Control Panel allows the user to change different options related to the aircraft. In addition, aircraft
services and the aircraft Quick Reference Guide are also accessed through the Auxiliary Control Panel.
Opening and Closing the Auxiliary Control Panel

The Auxiliary Control Panel can be accessed anytime the Cessna T182T Skylane TC is loaded into Flight Simulator,
regardless of the current view. For example, you can open the Auxiliary Control Panel when the Virtual Cockpit view
is Active or when the External view is Active.
To Open the Auxiliary Control Panel, press Shift+4.
To Close the Auxiliary Control Panel, either press Shift+4 a second time or click the Red 'X' in the upper right corner.
The Auxiliary Control Panel can also be accessed by choosing the Views | Instrument Panel | Auxiliary Control
Panel option from the Flight Simulator Menu Bar or by clicking on the N-number placard on the instrument panel.
Auxiliary Control Panel Functions

The options that can be chosen within the Auxiliary Control Panel are separated into tabs - Pilot & Student, Exterior,
Fuel & Service and Quick Reference. Clicking on a tab will display the options available within that group. When
an option has a checkmark displayed, that option is Enabled. If there is no checkmark next to an option, that
option is Disabled. To Enable or Disable an option, simply click the selection box with your mouse.
Pilot & Student

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Pilot is Visible - When Enabled, the pilot is visible inside the cockpit in the external view. When Disabled, the
pilot is not visible inside the cockpit in the external view.
Pilot Shades - When Enabled, the pilot is wearing sunglasses in the external view. When Disabled, the pilot
is not wearing sunglasses in the external view.
Passenger is Visible - When Enabled, the student pilot is visible inside the cockpit in the external view. When
Disabled, the student pilot is not visible inside the cockpit in the external view.
Passenger Shades - When Enabled, the student pilot is wearing sunglasses in the external view. When
Disabled, the student pilot is not wearing sunglasses in the external view.
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Auxiliary Control Panel

Auxiliary Control Panel Functions, Continued....
Exterior
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Left Door Open - When Enabled, opens the left cabin door. When Disabled, closes the left cabin door.
Right Door Open - When Enabled, opens the right cabin door. When Disabled, closes the right cabin door.
Disable Bug Splats - When Enabled, random bug splats will appear on the windshield at random times
during flight. When Disabled, no bug splats will appear on the windshield during flight.
Reset Bug Splats* - Press to clean bug splats off the windshield. The checkmark will display only
momentarily.
Wheels Chocked* - When Enabled, displays the main gear wheel chocks. When Disabled, removes the
main gear wheel chocks.
Pitot Cover* - When Enabled, displays the pitot cover over the pitot tube. When Disabled, removes the pitot
cover from the pitot tube.
Engine Inlet Covers* - When Enabled, displays the engine intake covers inside the engine intakes. When
Disabled, removes the engine intake covers from inside the engine intakes.
Cabin Sun Reflector* - When Enabled, displays the cabin sun reflector inside the windshield. When
Disabled, removes the cabin sun reflector from inside the windshield.
*The following options can ONLY be Enabled when the engine is OFF - Reset Bug Splats, Wheels Chocked,
Pitot Cover, Engine Inlet Covers and Cabin Sun Reflector. These options cannot be Enabled if the engine is
running.
Fuel & Service
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Call Fuel Truck - When pressed, initiates the default Flight Simulator fuel truck to come to your aircraft for
refueling.
Not all Flight Simulator airports feature a fuel truck.

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Reload Aircraft - When pressed, clears any failures, refreshes the gauges, then displays the instrument
panel. This is useful after initiating failures from within Flight Simulator.
Quick Reference
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Displays aircraft reference information, such as specifications, take-off distances, cruise speed, etc.
2d pop-up panels
Even though this aircraft features a complete Virtual Cockpit, several 2D pop-up panels are included. These panels
are accessed either with the mouse or keyboard shortcuts. The following 2D pop-up panels are featured:
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Enlarged Primary Flight Display (Click PFD or press Shift+2 to Open and Close)
Enlarged Multi-Function Display (Click MFD or press Shift+3 to Open and Close)
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exterior aircraft lighting and animations

This section describes the aircraft's exterior lighting model along with exterior animations.
In addition to the standard exterior aircraft animations, such as moving control surfaces, nose gear strut, wheels,
propeller and engine startup exhaust, the custom animations that are simulated are detailed below.
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1
10
2
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1) ANTI-COLLISION (STROBE) LIGHTS - Turned ON and OFF using the STROBE switch on the instrument
panel. One strobe light is mounted on each wing tip separate from the navigation lights.
2) NAVIGATION LIGHTS - Turned ON and OFF using the NAV switch on the instrument panel. One green
navigation light is mounted on the right wing tip and one red navigation light is mounted on the left wing tip.
A white navigation light is also mounted on the back of the fuselage, at the base of the rudder.
3) BEACON LIGHT - Turned ON and OFF using the BEACON switch on the instrument panel. A red beacon light
is mounted on top of the tail.
4) TAXI LIGHT - Turned ON and OFF using the TAXI switch on the instrument panel. The taxi light is the outboard
light mounted inside the leading edge of the left wing.
5) LANDING LIGHT - Turned ON and OFF using the LAND switch on the instrument panel. The landing light is
the inboard light mounted inside the leading edge of the left wing.
6) PILOT/STUDENT - Each pilot and student head moves right and left and up and down, and their eyes blink.
7) RIGHT CABIN DOOR - The right cabin door is Opened and Closed using the Shift+E+2 key command or by
Enabling or Disabling the Right Door Open option in the Auxiliary Control Panel Exterior tab.
8) LEFT CABIN DOOR - The left cabin door is Opened and Closed using the Shift+E or the Shift+E+1 key
command or by Enabling or Disabling the Left Door Open option in the Auxiliary Control Panel Exterior tab.
9) BAGGAGE DOOR - Opened and Closed using the Shift+E+3 key command, the baggage door is located on
the left side of the aircraft.
10) SIDE WINDOWS - The left and right cabin side windows can be Opened and Closed by clicking directly on
them from within the Virtual Cockpit.
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virtual cockpit
Virtual Cockpit Overview
The Virtual Cockpit is an immersive 3D environment that features many different animations and several lighting
options, in addition to the fully-clickable instrument panel and related flight controls.
You can navigate to the Virtual Cockpit by pressing F9 on your keyboard.
Use the standard Flight Simulator view commands to navigate within the Virtual Cockpit. Use keystrokes to
move your view back and forth and up and down, and hold down the space bar while you move your mouse
to pivot your view. Default Flight Simulator view commands can be found by choosing Options | Settings |
Controls | Buttons/Keys | Views from the Flight Simulator Menu Bar.
This aircraft is designed to be flown in the 3D environment of the Virtual Cockpit. It doesn't include a 2D
cockpit or instrument panel.
Virtual Cockpit Views

In addition to the main Virtual Cockpit view, pressing the 'A' key on your keyboard will cycle through the following
custom views: Left Seat Look Left > Left Seat Oblique Left > Left Seat Oblique Right > Left Seat Look Right > Right
Seat Look Forward > Right Seat Oblique Left > Power Levers > PFD and Switch Panels.
Due to the way Flight Simulator views works, when you cycle through the available views, there will be a blank
view (no Virtual Cockpit displayed). To return to the Virtual Cockpit, press the 'A' key again.
Virtual Cockpit Interaction - Click-Spots

Interaction with VC functions, such as switches, knobs, levers, etc., is done using left mouse clicks and/or your
mouse's rotary knob. If a function can be clicked on, your mouse pointer will turn into a hand when you hover
over the switch, knob, lever, etc.
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Two-Position Switches - For two-position switches, such as the lighting switches, circuit breakers, G1000
soft-keys, etc., left-click on the switch or soft-key to move it.
Three-Position Switches - For three position switches, such as the standby battery switch and the propeller
heat switch, click above or below the switch to move the switch up and down. You will notice that when you
hover your mouse over the click-spots on these switches, a '+' or '-' sign will appear in the hand, indicating
the direction of switch travel. '+' for up and '-' for down.
Rotary Knobs - For rotary knobs, such as the G1000, the click-spot locations will vary. In general, click on
the left side of the knob to rotate it counter-clockwise and click on the right side of the knob to rotate it
clockwise. You will notice that when you hover your mouse over the click-spots on these knobs, a '+' or '-'
sign will appear in the hand, indicating the direction of switch travel. '+' for clockwise and '-' for
counter-clockwise.
Levers - For levers, such as the throttle mixture controls, flap switch and magnetos switch, use the
click-and-drag method to control them. Left-click and HOLD, then move the mouse in the desired direction
of travel.
Most functions can also be controlled using your mouse's scroll wheel. Using the scroll wheel is especially
convenient when used with rotary knobs and levers.
15
virtual cockpit
Virtual Cockpit Animations
In addition to the standard animations, such as knobs, switches, keys, dials, levers, control yokes and rudder
pedals, this section lists the other custom animations that are available in the Virtual Cockpit.
Sun Visors - Click anywhere on each sunvisor to raise or lower them.
Cabin Doors - Click the door handles to open or close either cabin door.
Cabin Door Windows - Click the cabin door windows (or the handles at the base of the windows) to open
or close either cabin door window.
Icing - Although it's prohibited to knowingly fly into icing conditions, airframe icing is simulated on the windshield and aircraft leading edges, in addition to pitot icing. Make sure to use the pitot heat and defroster!
Bug Splats - Random bug splats will appear on the windshield at random times during flight. In the default
configuration, bug splats are Enabled, however, they can be Disabled using the Auxiliary Control Panel. For
more information, see the Auxiliary Control Panel Functions - Exterior section on page 13.
Hiding the Control Yokes

To make it easier to access switches behind the control yokes, the control yokes can be hidden. Click the base
of the control yokes to Hide or Show them.
16
virtual cockpit
Instrument Panel Overview
The Garmin G1000 PFD and MFD present to the pilot all of the information necessary for flight, navigation and
situational awareness. The G1000 Avionics System is the centerpiece of the instrument panel. It's comprised of
one 10.4 inch LCD PFD display and one 10.4 inch LCD MFD display, in addition to a digital audio panel and an
integrated three-axis autopilot. Both the PFD and the MFD feature a screen resolution of 1024 x 768.
The T182T Skylane TC instrument panel consists of three different sections. Within these sections are groups of
instruments, switches and controls that are layed out in a manner that is easily viewed and accessed by the pilot.
These instrument panel sections, plus the center pedestal, are outlined below and on the next page.
Pilot Panel Layout
The pilot's panel features a Garmin G1000 PFD, standby battery, master alternator/battery and avionics bus
switch, interior lighting controls, exterior lighting controls, pitot and propeller heat controls, magnetos switch,
parking brake and circuit breakers.
1
3
4
5
1) Garmin G1000 Primary Flight Display (Page 19)
6) Circuit Breaker Panel (Page 49)
2) Battery and Avionics Bus Panel (Page 45)
7) Parking Brake (Page 49)
3) Dimming Panel and Flood Lights* (Page 46)

4) Electrical Switch Panel (Page 47)
5) Magnetos Switch (Page 48)
*Flood light switch is located in the ceiling, in front of the oxygen

control panel.
17
virtual cockpit
Instrument Panel Overview, Continued....
Center and Right Panel Layout
The center panel features a Garmin audio panel, Garmin G1000 MFD, standby instruments, engine and
propeller control knobs, wing flap control lever and cabin control knobs. The right panel features the ELT and
Hobbs meter.
1
1) Garmin Audio Panel (Page 44)
2) Garmin G1000 MFD (Page 25)
5) Defroster Control Knob (Page 53)
3) ELT and Hobbs Meter (Page 50)
6) Wing Flap Control Lever (Page 53)
4) Standby Instruments (Page 50)
7) Throttle, Propeller and Mixture Control Knobs (Page 52)
Center Pedestal Layout
The center pedestal features the elevator and

rudder trim wheels, cowl flaps control lever and fuel
tank control lever.
1) Elevator Trim Wheel (Page 54)

2) Rudder Trim Wheel (Page 54)
3) Cowl Flaps Control Lever (Page 54)

4) Fuel Tank Control Lever (Page 54)
18
Garmin G1000 Primary Flight Display

G1000 PFD Overview
The Cessna T182T Skylane TC features one Primary Flight Display (PFD). The PFD is a 10.4 inch LCD and
provides all necessary flight instrument displays and basic avionics indications. The PFD also allows the creation
and modification of flight plans and the option of an inset moving map that features de-clutter capability and
displays topography and traffic. The PFD also includes integrated autopilot controls that features all the standard
autopilot control options, including approach mode and flight level change mode.
This section provides an overview of the Garmin G1000 PFD and its basic functions. For more in-depth user
Although we have strived to model as many important features in this version of the G1000 PFD, not all features
have been simulated, and some of those that have been simulated may not be entirely functional.
G1000 PFD Display Screen

The PFD display screen presents graphical flight instrumentation (attitude, heading, airspeed, altitude and
vertical speed) which replaces the traditional flight instrument cluster. Both COM and NAV radios, navigation
information, wind speed and direction, moving map and flight plan information are also displayed. The airspeed
indicator, altitude indicator and turn coordinator display trends, and the airspeed indicator displays airspeed
references. Autopilot modes are also displayed. All of this information is presented to the pilot in an easy-to-view
format that streamlines and lessens the pilot's workload.
NAV Frequencies
Autopilot Status
Navigation Status
COM Frequencies
Slip/Skid
Indicator
Airspeed
Tape
Attitude
Indicator
Flight Director
Selected Altitude
Altimeter Tape
Altitude Select Bug
Vertical Speed
Indicator
Airspeed
Trend
Altitude Trend
Glideslope Indicator
Dialed Course
Aircraft Heading
Dialed Heading
V-Speeds
True Airspeed
Barometer
Wind Indicator
HSI
DME
Nearest Display*
Inset Map
Outside Air
Temperature
Bearing 1
CDI
Bearing 2
Heading Bug
Transponder
Clock
*Flight Plan, ADF/DME and TMR/REF are also displayed here.
19

G1000 PFD Click-Spots and Functions
The PFD is controlled using softkeys and multi-function rotary knobs. The NAV, COM, and FMS knobs consist of
a larger outer knob that can be turned right and left, a smaller inner knob that can be turned right and left, and
that can also be pushed in. The softkeys along the bottom of the PFD correspond to different functions displayed
directly above the particular softkey. For more information on PFD softkeys, see the Softkey Flow Chart Overview
and Functions section on page 23.
1
2
1) NAV SWAP - The NAV frequency swap key toggles the standby and active NAV frequencies. Active NAV
frequencies are displayed in green when the CDI for the specific active frequency (either NAV1 or NAV2) is selected.
2) NAV - The NAV control knob is a three-function knob. Turn the larger outer knob (upper click-spots) to change
MHz (large number) and turn the smaller inner knob (lower click-spots) to change KHz (small number). Turn
the knobs to the right to increase the frequency values and turn the knobs to the left to decrease the frequency
values. Press the smaller inner knob to switch the cyan tuning box between NAV1 and NAV2. You can only
tune frequencies that are surrounded by the cyan tuning box. Active frequencies are displayed in green and
standby frequencies are displayed in white.
3) HDG - The HDG control knob is a two-function knob that is used to adjust the heading bug in 1 increments
on the HSI. Turn the knob to the right to move the heading bug to the right and turn the knob to the left to
move the heading bug to the left. Push the knob to sync the heading bug to the current aircraft heading.
4) AUTOPILOT CONTROLS - For information about using the autopilot controls, see the Flight Director and
Autopilot section on pages 41 ~ 43.
5) ALT - The ALT control knob is used to input the selected altitude that the autopilot will command the aircraft to
level off at. This knob includes four different click-spots. The two upper click-spots increase and decrease
the altitude in 1000 foot increments and the two lower click-spots increase and decrease the altitude in 100
foot increments. Turn the knob to the right to increase the altitude select value and turn the knob to the left to
decrease the altitude select value.
20

G1000 PFD Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
6
7
9
10
11
6) COM SWAP - The COM frequency swap key toggles the standby and active COM frequencies. Active COM
frequencies are displayed in green.
7) COM - The COM control knob is a three-function knob. Turn the larger outer knob (upper click-spots) to
change MHz (large number) and turn the smaller inner knob (lower click-spots) to change KHz (small number).
Press the smaller inner knob to switch the cyan tuning box between COM1 and COM2. Turn the knobs to the
right to increase the frequency values and turn the knobs to the left to decrease the frequency values. You
can only tune frequencies that are surrounded by the cyan tuning box. Active frequencies are displayed in
green and standby frequencies are displayed in white.
8) CRS/BARO - The CRS/BARO adjustment knob is a three-function knob. Turn the larger outer knob (upper
click-spots) to adjust the barometer value and turn the smaller inner knob (lower click-spots) to adjust the
CDI course value. Push the inner knob to sync the CDI to the current VOR.
Course values cannot be adjusted when the CDI is set to GPS.
9) RANGE - The range joystick is used to adjust the range of the inset map. Rotate the joystick to the left to
decrease the range value (zoom in) and rotate the joystick to the right to increase the range value (zoom out).
Values range from 500 feet to 4000 miles. The range value is displayed in cyan in the lower right corner of the
inset map.
10) D - The Direct To key allows you to enter a destination waypoint and establish a direct course to it from the
current position.
11) MENU - The MENU key displays a list of options and additional menu features that can be selected.
An option (such as Direct To or FPL) must first be displayed prior to using the menu key to access that option's
menu functions. Not all options have an associated menu option.
21

G1000 PFD Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
12
13
14
15
16
17
12) FPL - The FPL key displays the active flight plan page in the PFD. Press the FPL key once to open the flight
plan display and press the FPL a second time to close the flight plan display.
13) PROC - The PROC key accesses the IFR departure, arrival, and approach procedures for the current flight plan.
14) CLR - The CLR key clears information, clears entries or clears page menus, depending on the current option.
15) ENT - The ENT key confirms a menu selection or data entry.
16) SOFTKEYS - The softkeys along the bottom of the PFD are used to control a number of different features.
These keys do not have a specific function, rather, they control different functions at different times. Some or
all of the softkeys have labels displayed directly above the softkey. The labels will change depending upon
pilot settings. When the label for a specific function is toggled OFF, the text is white on a black background
and when the label for a specific function is toggled ON, the text is black on a gray background.
17) FMS - The FMS control knob is a three-function knob and is used to input and modify the flight plan. It is
also used to input and modify information in the ADF/DME and TMR/REF display screens. Press the smaller
inner knob to turn the selection cursor ON and OFF. When the selection cursor is ON, data can be entered
into the highlighted field. Turn the larger outer knob (upper click-spots) to move the cursor up and down to
different fields. Turn the smaller inner knob (lower click-spots) to input characters into the highlighted data field.
When you open an option display screen by pressing it's related function key, press the function key a second
time to close the option display screen. For example, press the PROC key to open the procedures option
display screen. To close the procedures option display screen, press the PROC key a second time.
For information about working with flight plans, see the Flight Planning section on pages 34 ~ 41.
22

Softkey Flow Chart Overview and Functions
This section describes the softkey menu options that are available, along with the corresponding sub-menu
options. Most options are self-explanatory, however, we've provided more information on some of the options
for further clarification.
INSET
PFD
CDI
ADF/DME
XPDR
IDENT
TMR/REF
NRST
MSG
STBY
ON
ALT
GND
VFR
CODE
IDENT
0-7
IDENT
BKSP
FD FRMT
DFLTS
WIND
DME
BRG1
BRG2
ALT UNIT
BACK
MSG
METERS
SINGL CUE
OPTN2
XPOINTR
OPTN3
IN
OFF
HPA
OFF
STD BARO
DCLTR
TRAFFIC
TOPO
BACK
MSG
DCLTR-1
DCLTR-2
ADF/DME
Black - Option OFF
DCLTR-3
ADF/DME
Gray - Option ON
ADF/DME - Press to toggle the ADF/DME display screen ON and OFF.
ALT UNIT - Press to toggle between options to display the altimeter and barometer settings in metric units.
BRG1 and BRG2 - Press to toggle the BRG1 and BRG2 display screens ON and OFF and to toggle between
different BRG1 and BRG2 navigation sources.
CDI - Press to toggle between VOR1, VOR2, and GPS navigation sources.
CODE - Press to input the numerical transponder code.
DCLTR - Press to toggle between three different levels of declutter on the inset map.
DFLTS - Press to reset PFD options to the default selections.
DME - Press to toggle the DME display screen ON and OFF.
FD FRMT - Press to toggle between single cue and cross cue flight director options.
TMR/REF - Press to toggle the timer and reference display screens ON and OFF. This display screen is used
to set timers and V-Speeds.
MSG - Displays various messages referencing airspace boundaries.
NRST - Press to toggle the Nearest Airports display screen ON and OFF.
STD BARO - Press to set the barometer to the standard setting (29.92").
TOPO - Press to toggle topography on the inset map ON and OFF.
TRAFFIC - Press to toggle traffic information ON and OFF on the inset map.
WIND - Press to toggle between direction and speed display, direction with head and crosswind speed
components display, and to turn the wind display screen OFF.
23

Softkey Flow Chart Overview and Functions, Continued....
Tuning ADF Frequencies and Changing DME Sources
To tune an ADF frequency or change the DME source, press the ADF/DME softkey to open the ADF/DME Tuning
display screen. The cursor will flash over the standby ADF frequency.
Use the FMS Inner knob to tune the desired ADF frequency, then press the ENT key
to activate the standby ADF frequency (the two frequencies will swap and the active
frequency will be displayed in green).
To change DME sources, use the FMS Outer knob to scroll down and highlight
DME MODE NAV1.
Turn the FMS Inner knob to open the DME sources options (Nav1 or Nav2), turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight
the desired DME source, then press the ENT key.
ADF MODE and VOL cannot be changed.
Changing V-Speeds
To change V-Speeds, press the TMR/REF softkey to open the References display
screen. The cursor will flash over the START option.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to scroll down and highlight the desired V-Speed you
would like to change.
Turn the FMS Inner knob to set the desired V-Speed value.
To turn a V-Speed ON or OFF, turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight <ON> or <OFF> for the desired V-Speed, then
turn the FMS Inner knob to turn the V-Speed ON or OFF. When ON, the V-Speed will be displayed on the PFD
speed tape. When OFF, no V-Speed will be displayed on the PFD speed tape.
Using the Count Up Timer
To use the count up timer, press the TMR/REF softkey to open the References display screen. The cursor will
flash over the START option.
Press the ENT key. The count up timer will start and the cursor will flash over the STOP? option. Press the ENT
key to stop the count up timer, then press the ENT key again to RESET the count up timer.
Inputting Transponder Codes
To input transponder codes, press the XPDR softkey to view the transponder options.
Press the CODE softkey, then use the numerical softkeys to enter the desired transponder code (provided by
ATC). The transponder code you entered will be shown in the PFD XPDR display screen.
You can change the transponder code to a VFR flight transponder code quickly and easily by pressing the VFR
softkey.
We recommend leaving the transponder mode set to GND (ground). The transponder mode will change
automatically to ALT once airborne and will change automatically back to GND when you touch down.
24
Garmin G1000 Multi-Function Display

G1000 MFD Overview
The Cessna T182T Skylane TC features one Multi-Function Display (MFD). The MFD is a 10.4 inch color LCD
and provides a large moving map and indications for powerplant and electrical systems. The majority of the
MFD displays the moving map, which indicates current aircraft position, topography, aviation facilities (such as
airports, VORs, NDBs, etc). The left side of the MFD displays engine, electrical and fuel systems. Flight planning
is accomplished through the MFD, using the three-function FMS control knob. The MFD also includes integrated
autopilot controls that features all the standard autopilot control options, including approach mode and flight
level change mode.
This section provides an overview of the Garmin G1000 MFD and its basic functions. For more in-depth user
Although we have strived to model as many important features in this version of the G1000 MFD, not all features
have been simulated, and some of those that have been simulated may not be entirely functional.
G1000 MFD Display Screen

The MFD display screen presents a large moving map and graphical indications for the aircraft's engine,
electrical and fuel systems. The majority of the MFD displays the moving map. The left side of the MFD displays
engine, electrical and fuel system information. In addition, several page groups are available that display more
detailed information about waypoints, auxiliary system information and trip planning, nearest airports, VORs,
NDBs and intersections, and more.
NAV Frequencies
Page Group
and Page Titles
Navigation Status
COM Frequencies
Map Orientation
Manifold
Pressure
RPM
Aircraft Icon
Fuel Flow
Oil Pressure
Moving Map
Oil Temperature
Cylinder Head
Temperature
Turbine Inlet
Temperature
Fuel Quantity
Map
Zoom Level
Electrical
*Pressing the ENGINE | SYSTEM softkeys will display fuel flow and other engine parameters.
Map Page Groups and Individual Pages
25

G1000 MFD Click-Spots and Functions
The MFD is controlled using softkeys and multi-function rotary knobs. The NAV, COM, and FMS knobs consist of
a larger outer knob that can be turned right and left, a smaller inner knob that can be turned right and left, and
that can also be pushed in. The softkeys along the bottom of the MFD correspond to different functions displayed
directly above the particular softkey. For more information about softkeys, refer to the individual G1000 MFD
Page Groups and Softkeys section on pages 29 ~ 34.
1
2
1) NAV SWAP - The NAV frequency swap key toggles the standby and active NAV frequencies. Active NAV
frequencies are displayed in green when the CDI for the specific active frequency (either NAV1 or NAV2) is selected.
2) NAV - The NAV control knob is a three-function knob. Turn the larger outer knob (upper click-spots) to change
MHz (large number) and turn the smaller inner knob (lower click-spots) to change KHz (small number). Turn
the knobs to the right to increase the frequency values and turn the knobs to the left to decrease the frequency
values. Press the smaller inner knob to switch the cyan tuning box between NAV1 and NAV2. You can only
tune frequencies that are surrounded by the cyan tuning box. Active frequencies are displayed in green and
standby frequencies are displayed in white.
3) HDG - The HDG control knob is a two-function knob that is used to adjust the heading bug in 1 increments
on the HSI. Turn the knob to the right to move the heading bug to the right and turn the knob to the left to
move the heading bug to the left. Push the knob to sync the heading bug to the current aircraft heading.
4) AUTOPILOT CONTROLS - For information about using the autopilot controls, see the Flight Director and
Autopilot section on pages 41 ~ 43.
5) ALT - The ALT control knob is used to input the selected altitude that the autopilot will command the aircraft to
level off at. This knob includes four different click-spots. The two upper click-spots increase and decrease
decrease the altitude select value.
26

G1000 MFD Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
6
7
9
10
11
6) COM SWAP - The COM frequency swap key toggles the standby and active COM frequencies. Active COM
frequencies are displayed in green.
7) COM - The COM control knob is a three-function knob. Turn the larger outer knob (upper click-spots) to
change MHz (large number) and turn the smaller inner knob (lower click-spots) to change KHz (small number).
Press the smaller inner knob to switch the cyan tuning box between COM1 and COM2. Turn the knobs to the
right to increase the frequency values and turn the knobs to the left to decrease the frequency values. You
can only tune frequencies that are surrounded by the cyan tuning box. Active frequencies are displayed in
green and standby frequencies are displayed in white.
8) CRS/BARO - The CRS/BARO adjustment knob is a three-function knob. Turn the larger outer knob (upper
click-spots) to adjust the barometer value and turn the smaller inner knob (lower click-spots) to adjust the
CDI course value. Push the inner knob to sync the CDI to the current VOR.
Course values cannot be adjusted when the CDI is set to GPS.
9) RANGE - The range joystick is used to adjust the range of the moving map. Rotate the joystick to the left
to decrease the range value (zoom in) and rotate the joystick to the right to increase the range value (zoom
out). Values range from 500 feet to 4000 miles. The range value is displayed in cyan in the lower right corner
of the moving map.
10) D - The Direct To key allows you to enter a destination waypoint and establish a direct course to it from the
current position.
11) MENU - The MENU key displays a list of options and additional menu features that can be selected.
An option (such as Direct To or FPL) must first be displayed prior to using the menu key to access that option's
menu functions. Not all options have an associated menu option.
27

G1000 MFD Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
12
13
14
15
16
17
12) FPL - The FPL key displays the active flight plan page in the MFD. Press the FPL key once to open the flight
plan display and press the FPL a second time to close the flight plan display.
13) PROC - The PROC key accesses the IFR departure, arrival, and approach procedures for the current flight plan.
14) CLR - The CLR key clears information, clears entries or clears page menus, depending on the current option.
15) ENT - The ENT key confirms a menu selection or data entry.
16) SOFTKEYS - The softkeys along the bottom of the MFD are used to control a number of different features.
These keys do not have a specific function, rather, they control different functions at different times. Some or
all of the softkeys have labels displayed directly above the softkey. The labels will change depending upon
pilot settings. When the label for a specific function is toggled OFF, the text is white on a black background
and when the label for a specific function is toggled ON, the text is black on a gray background.
17) FMS - The FMS control knob is a three-function knob and is used to input and modify the flight plan. It is also
used to navigate page groups and input page group data. Press the smaller inner knob to turn the selection
cursor ON and OFF. When the selection cursor is ON, data can be entered into the highlighted field. Turn
the larger outer knob (upper click-spots) to move the cursor up and down to different fields. Turn the smaller
inner knob (lower click-spots) to input characters into the highlighted data field.
When you open an option display screen by pressing it's related function key, press the function key a second
time to close the option display screen. For example, press the PROC key to open the procedures option
display screen. To close the procedures option display screen, press the PROC key a second time.
For information about working with flight plans, see the Flight Planning section on pages 34 ~ 41.
28

G1000 MFD Engine, Fuel and Electrical Gauges
The left side of the MFD consists of various engine and aircraft system indicating gauges. These include the
engine manifold and RPM gauges, the oil pressure and oil temperature gauges, the cylinder head temperature
gauge, the turbine inlet temperature gauge, the fuel quantity gauge and the electrical systems gauges.
Each gauge and indicator features a color code. Normal operating range is within the green range. Operating
with indications in the red range is prohibited. Operating with indications in the yellow range should be avoided.
1) MANIFOLD PRESSURE GAUGE - Displays engine power in inches of mercury

(Hg) from 10 to 35.
2) TACHOMETER - Displays propeller speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) from
0 to 2700.
3) FUEL FLOW INDICATOR - Displays the current fuel flow in gallons per hour (GPH)
from 0 to 26. A white tick mark indicates maximum takeoff fuel flow.
3
4
5
6
7
4) OIL PRESSURE INDICATOR - Displays the pressure of the oil supplied to the
engine in pounds per square inch (PSI).
5) OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR - Displays the engine oil temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit (F).
6) CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE INDICATOR - Displays the head temperature
of the hottest cylinder in degrees Fahrenheit (F). The hottest cylinder is displayed
numerically in the white triangle.
Due to limitations within Flight Simulator, cylinder 6 will always be displayed as the
hottest cylinder.
7) TURBINE INLET TEMPERATURE - Displays the temperature at the turbine inlet in

degrees Fahrenheit (F).
8) FUEL QUANTITY INDICATOR - Displays the quantity of fuel remaining in each fuel
tank in gallons (GAL) from 0 to F (Full). The specific fuel tank (L or R) is displayed
in the white triangles above and below the indicator bar.
10
9) VOLTMETER - Displays the voltages of the main and essential bus voltages.
10) AMMETER - Displays the main and standby battery load in amperes.
G1000 MFD Page Groups and Softkeys

All of the information that the MFD can display to the pilot is categorized in separate groups and individual pages
within those groups. In addition, each page group features its own set of softkey functions. This section describes
the page groups that are displayed, along with the individual pages within a specific page group and their
related softkey functions.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to display page groups and turn the FMS Inner knob to display individual pages
within the page group. Some pages simply display information. Other pages feature interactive elements,
allowing feature changes or alphanumeric input.
29

G1000 MFD Page Groups and Softkeys, Continued....
Map Group
The Map Group consists of two pages:
l
Navigation Map - The Navigation Map displays visual information pertinent to the aircraft's current location
and flight plan track. The map displays features such as topography, water, airports and other navigational
aids. Digital flight information is provided, including GS, DTK, TRK and ETE.
Traffic Map - The Traffic Map displays the traffic around your aircraft. The display range can be changed
using the range joystick on the MFD.
ENGINE
SYSTEM
MAP
DCLTR
RST FUEL
TRAFFIC
DCLTR-1
GAL REM
TOPO
DCLTR-2
BACK
BACK
DCLTR-3
TRAFFIC
Black - Option OFF
TRAFFIC
Gray - Option ON
The Map Group consists of three main softkey functions:

l
ENGINE - Press to open the engine system display. When you press the ENGINE | SYSTEM softkeys, FUEL
CALC (fuel calculation) parameters will be displayed within the Engine Indicating System on the left side of
the MFD. This information can be used for fuel planning.
l
RST FUEL - Resets the total amount of fuel remaining (GAL REM) and fuel used (GAS USED) to 0.
GAL REM - Gives access to softkeys for adjusting the amount of fuel remaining for purposes of fuel
calculations. Fuel remaining can be adjusted using the desired softkeys in 1- or 10-gallon increments,
up to either the maximum amount allowed for the aircraft or up to 87 gallons.
MAP - Press to open the map options. Allows you to toggle traffic information ON and OFF on the moving
map and turn topography ON and OFF on the moving map.
DCLTR - Press to open the map declutter options. Allows you to toggle between three different levels of
declutter on the moving map.
Fuel calculations are calculated from the last time the fuel was reset (RST FUEL). Fuel calculations do NOT use
the aircraft fuel quantity indicators. In addition, using this function does NOT change the quantity of fuel in your
aircraft. It is used for fuel planning purposes only.
30

WPT Group
The WPT Group consists of four pages:
l
Airport Information - Displays airport information, such as name, type, location, coordinates, runways and
runway types, and COM frequencies. Use the cursor to input an airport identifier to display that specific
airport's information.
Intersection Information - Displays the name and coordinates of intersections. Use the cursor to input an
intersection identifier to display that specific intersection's information.
NDB Information - Displays NDB information, such as name, location, coordinates and frequency. Use the
cursor to input an NDB identifier to display that specific NDB's information.
VOR Information - Displays VOR information, such as name, location, coordinates and frequency. Use the
cursor to input a VOR identifier to display that specific VOR's information.
To input airport, intersection, NDB and VOR identifiers, do the following: Push the FMS Inner knob to display
the cursor, then turn the FMS Inner knob to change the alphanumeric values and turn the FMS Outer knob to
move the cursor.
You cannot change pages or page groups when the cursor is Active. Make sure that you push the FMS
Inner knob to turn the cursor OFF prior to changing pages or page groups.
ENGINE
SYSTEM
MAP
RST FUEL
TRAFFIC
GAL REM
TOPO
BACK
BACK
TRAFFIC
Black - Option OFF
TRAFFIC
Gray - Option ON
The WPT Group consists of two main softkey functions:

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ENGINE - Press to open the engine system display. When you press the ENGINE | SYSTEM softkeys, FUEL
CALC (fuel calculation) parameters will be displayed within the Engine Indicating System on the left side of
the MFD. This information can be used for fuel planning. For more information, see the ENGINE sub-section
on the previous page.
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AUX Group
The AUX Group consists of four pages:
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Trip Planning - Displays a number of different telemetry and trip statistics regarding the current flight operation.
The Trip Planning page operates in Automatic Mode.
GPS Status - Displays a number of different statistics regarding the GPS system status. Aircraft position,
altitude, ground speed and track are also displayed.
System Setup - Displays a number of different system setup options. Use the FMS control knob to make
system setup selections to suit your preference. Choices include the Time Format, the Temperature
Display and the MFD Data Bar Fields.
System Status - Displays the status of a number of different aircraft systems and includes information on
the various databases included.
To make system setup changes, do the following: Push the FMS Inner knob to display the cursor. Turn the FMS
Outer knob to highlight the option you would like to change, then turn the FMS Inner knob to display a list of
available options. Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the desired option, then press the ENT key.
GPS1
LRU
GPS2
ARFRM
RAIM
DBASE
SBAS
GPS1
Black - Option OFF
GPS1
Gray - Option ON
The AUX Group GPS and System Status pages feature several softkey functions:
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GPS1 - Press to display the status of the GPS1 receiver.
GPS2 - Press to display the status of the GPS2 receiver.
RAIM - Press to view the RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) prediction field.
SBASE - Press to view the SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) field.
32

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LRU - Press to highlight the LRU (Line Replacement Unit) field. Displays the status, serial number and
version of specific aircraft systems.
ARFRM - Press to highlight the Airframe reference field.
DBASE - Press to highlight the Database field. Scroll down to view the database information for a number
of different installed databases.
NRST Group
The NRST Group consists of four pages:
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Nearest Airports - Displays a white Direct To line from your aircraft to the airport that's nearest you and
displays information about that specific airport. The airport nearest you updates automatically as you're flying.
Nearest Intersections - Displays a white Direct To line from your aircraft to the intersection that's nearest
you and displays information about that specific intersection. The intersection nearest you updates
automatically as you're flying.
Nearest NDB - Displays a white Direct To line from your aircraft to the NDB that's nearest you and displays
information about that specific NDB. The NDB nearest you updates automatically as you're flying.
Displays a white Direct To line from your aircraft to the VOR that's nearest you and displays information
about that specific VOR. The VOR nearest you updates automatically as you're flying.
If desired, you can display a Direct To line from your aircraft to any airport, intersection, NDB or VOR by using
the FMS control knob to highlight the desired airport, intersection, NDB or VOR in its respective page list.
MAP
MAP
APT
VOR
RNWY
FREQ
FREQ
APR
LD APR
The NRST Group pages feature several softkey functions:

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33

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APT - Press to highlight the Nearest Airports field. Scroll to highlight an airport code to view information
about that specific airport.
RNWY - Press to highlight the Runways field. Scroll to highlight a runway (if the airport features multiple
runways) to view information about that specific runway.
FREQ - Press to highlight the Frequencies field. Scroll to highlight a frequency (if multiple frequencies are
displayed). Press the ENT key to tune the COM1 standby frequency.
APR - Press to highlight the Approaches field (if an approach is available). Scroll to highlight an approach
(if multiple approaches are displayed). When an approach is highlighted, press the LD APR key to load the
approach into the flight plan.
LD APR - Press to load a highlighted approach from the Approaches field into your flight plan. This option is
only available if the airport features an approach.
VOR - Press to highlight the Nearest VOR field. Scroll to highlight a VOR to view information about that
specific VOR.
FREQ - Press to highlight the Frequency field. Scroll to highlight the frequency, then press the ENT key to
tune the NAV1 standby frequency.
Remember, turn the FMS Outer knob to move the cursor to highlight values and turn the FMS Inner knob to
change values.
flight planning
Flight Planning Overview
This section details how to create and modify flight plans. Covered are topics ranging from inputting flight plan
waypoints and Activating your flight plan, to modifying your flight plan by entering a Direct To and selecting,
loading, and Activating departures (SIDS), arrivals (STARS) and approaches.
Flight plans can be created and modified through either the MFD or the PFD, using the FMS control knob. When
you create or modify a flight plan in one display (for instance, the MFD), the same entries and selections are
automatically made in the other display (in this case, the PFD).
A flight plan can be created manually or a flight plan can be created prior to your flight through the Flight Simulator
flight planner. Once the Flight Simulator flight plan is saved and you load the aircraft, the saved flight plan will be
automatically displayed on the MFD when the aircraft is loaded.
Press the Scroll Lock key on your keyboard to allow you to enter alphanumeric data into the PFD or the MFD
via your keyboard.
On some Flight Simulator installations, pressing the Scroll Lock key also opens the Flight Simulator ATC
dialog box. If this occurs, delete or reassign that key assignment using the Flight Simulator Options |
Settings | Controls drop-down menu.
34
flight planning
Loading a Flight Simulator Flight Plan
Create a flight plan from within Flight Simulator (using the Flight Simulator Flight Planner) and save it.
Load the Cessna T182T Skylane TC. The flight plan will be displayed on the moving map and the waypoints will
be shown on the Active Flight Plan page.
Your Flight Simulator flight plan MUST include four waypoints (including departure and destination airports)
in order to be displayed. If your Flight Simulator flight plan does not feature four waypoints, the flight plan
will not display. For example, if you're flying a short route from your departure airport to your arrival airport without
any enroute waypoints. In this case you would need to manually enter your flight plan into the MFD or PFD.
Creating a Flight Plan

To create a flight plan, press the FPL key. The Active Flight Plan page will be displayed.
Press the FMS Inner knob to display the cursor. If you're flight planning through the PFD, the cursor is already
displayed, so there's no need to press the FMS Inner knob.
Turn the FMS Inner knob right or left to display the waypoint information page.
Enter the airport identifier for your departure airport using the FMS Outer and Inner knobs or using your keyboard
(scroll lock ON), then press the ENT key. Remember, to enter alphanumeric values turn the FMS Inner knob
(lower click-spots) and to move the cursor turn the FMS Outer knob (upper click-spots).
Repeat the previous two procedures to enter the remainder of the waypoints, including your arrival airport. The
flight plan will be displayed on the moving map and the first leg of your flight plan will automatically Activate as
shown by the magenta arrow in the Active Flight Plan page.
Press the FPL key to close the Active Flight Plan page. The first leg of your flight plan will be displayed along the
top of the PFD, along with distance and bearing information.
Deleting a Waypoint
To delete a waypoint from an active flight plan, press the FPL key to open the Active Flight Plan page, then press
the FMS Inner knob to display the cursor. If you're flight planning through the PFD, the cursor is already displayed,
so there's no need to press the FMS Inner knob.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the waypoint you want to delete, then press the CLR key. The next waypoint
in your flight plan will Activate as shown by the magenta arrow. Press the FPL key to close the Active Flight Plan page.
35
flight planning
Adding a Waypoint
To add an additional waypoint to an active flight plan, press the FPL key to open the Active Flight Plan page, then
press the FMS Inner knob to display the cursor. If you're flight planning through the PFD, the cursor is already
displayed, so there's no need to press the FMS Inner knob.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the waypoint below the new waypoint you want to add.
Turn the FMS Inner knob to display the waypoint information page.
Enter the airport identifier for the waypoint you want to add using the FMS Outer and Inner knobs or using your
keyboard (scroll lock ON), then press the ENT key. Your new waypoint will be added to your flight plan. Press the
FPL key to close the Active Flight Plan page.
Inverting a Flight Plan

The active flight plan can quickly and easily be inverted. This is useful for return trips that follow the same course
as your outbound trip. This saves you from having to reinput the flight plan for the trip back.
To invert your flight plan, press the FPL key to open the Active Flight Plan page.
Press the MENU key, then turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the Invert Flight Plan option.
Press the ENT key to invert the flight plan.
After inverting the flight plan, you must Activate the first leg of your flight plan. To do this, turn the FMS Outer knob
to highlight the waypoint directly below your departure airport, then press the MENU key and select the Activate
Leg option. Press the ENT key to Activate that leg of your flight plan, as shown by the magenta arrow in the
Active Flight Plan page, press the FPL key to close the Active Flight Plan page, then press the FPL key to close
the Active Flight Plan page.
Deleting a Flight Plan

To delete your flight plan, press the FPL key to open the Active Flight Plan
page.
Press the MENU key, then turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the Delete
Flight Plan option.
Press the ENT key to delete your flight plan, then press the FPL key to
close the Active Flight Plan page.
36
flight planning
Entering a Direct To
A Direct To can be entered at any time during flight to alter the course to a specifically chosen waypoint. The
waypoint can be an airport, VOR, NDB or intersection.
To enter a Direct To, press the D key. The Direct To page will be displayed.
Enter the identifier for your Direct To destination using the FMS Outer and Inner knobs or using your keyboard
(scroll lock ON). Remember, to enter alphanumeric values turn the FMS Inner knob (lower click-spots) and to
move the cursor turn the FMS Outer knob (upper click-spots).
Press the ENT key. ACTIVATE? will flash in the lower right corner.
Press the ENT key a second time to verify that you want to Activate the Direct To.
Once activated, the Direct To page will close and the magenta course will update on the moving map to display
the new Direct To course. D and distance and bearing information will also be displayed along the top of
the PFD.
Cancelling a Direct To
To cancel a Direct To, press the D key. The Direct To page will be displayed and the current Direct To identifier
will be highlighted.
Press the MENU key to open the Options page. Cancel Direct-To NAV will be displayed.
Press the ENT key to cancel the Direct To.
Loading a Departure (SID)

The G1000 features a number of departure procedures that can be selected.
A flight plan must be loaded and Activated to choose a departure procedure. Not all airports feature departures.
If a departure is not available, the Departure menu will be blank.
To load a departure, press the PROC key to open the Procedures menu.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the Select Departure option, then press the ENT key to see a list of available
departure procedures. If a departure is not available, the Departure menu will be blank.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight your desired departure procedure, then press the ENT key and a list of
runways will be displayed. Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight your desired takeoff runway.
37
flight planning
Loading a Departure (SID), Continued....
Press the ENT key and list of departure transitions will be displayed (if available). Turn the FMS Outer knob to
highlight your desired departure transition.
Press the ENT key. The departure sequence will be displayed and LOAD will flash in the lower right corner.
Press the ENT key a second time to load the selected departure. The Procedures menu will close, the first waypoint
in the departure procedure will automatically be Activated and your updated flight plan will be displayed on the
moving map.
After loading your approach, open your flight plan and scroll through the waypoint entries to ensure that there
are no errors. You can also zoom out the moving map to visually view the flight plan.
Deleting a Departure (SID)

To delete a departure procedure, press the FPL key to open the Active Flight Plan page.
Press the FMS Inner knob to display the cursor. The cursor will flash over the name of the departure procedure
at the top of the flight plan.
Press the CLR key to delete the departure procedure.
After deleting the departure procedure, you must Activate the first leg of your flight plan. To do this, turn the FMS
Outer knob to highlight the waypoint directly below your departure airport, then press the MENU key and select
the Activate Leg option. Press the ENT key to Activate that leg of your flight plan, as shown by the magenta arrow
in the Active Flight Plan page, then press the FPL key to close the Active Flight Plan page.
Individual waypoints within a departure procedure cannot be deleted, however, you can skip a waypoint by
entering a Direct To to the waypoint following the waypoint you want to skip.
38
flight planning
Loading an Arrival (STAR)
The G1000 features a number of arrival procedures that can be selected. A flight plan must be loaded and
Activated to choose an arrival procedure.
Not all airports feature arrivals. If an arrival is not available, the Arrival menu will be blank.
To load an arrival, press the PROC key to open the Procedures menu.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the Select Arrival option, then press the ENT key to see a list of available
arrival procedures. If an arrival is not available, the Arrival menu will be blank.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight your desired arrival procedure, then press the ENT key and a list of arrival
transitions will be displayed (if available). Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight your desired arrival transition.
Press the ENT key. The arrival sequence will be displayed and LOAD will flash in the lower right corner.
Press the ENT key a second time to load the selected arrival. The Procedures menu will close and your updated
flight plan will be displayed on the moving map.
After loading your approach, open your flight plan and scroll through the waypoint entries to ensure that there
are no errors. You can also zoom out the moving map to visually view the flight plan.
Deleting an Arrival (STAR)

To delete an arrival procedure, press the FPL key to open the Active Flight Plan page.
Press the FMS Inner knob to display the cursor, turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the name of the arrival
procedure, then press the CLR key to delete the arrival procedure. After deleting the arrival procedure, the first
leg in your flight plan will Activate automatically, as shown by the magenta arrow in the Active Flight Plan page.
Individual waypoints within an arrival procedure cannot be deleted, however, you can skip a waypoint by
entering a Direct To to the waypoint following the waypoint you want to skip.
Loading and Activating an Approach

The G1000 features a multitude of different types of airport approaches and transitions that can be selected for
your destination airport. A flight plan must be loaded and Activated to choose an approach procedure.
Not all airports feature approaches. If an approach is not available, the Approach menu will be blank.
39
flight planning
Loading and Activating an Approach, Continued....
Press the PROC key to open the Procedures menu. By default, the Select Approach option will be highlighted.
Press the ENT key to see a list of available approaches for your arrival airport, then turn the FMS Outer knob to
highlight your desired approach procedure.
Press the ENT key and a list of transitions will be presented. Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight your desired
approach transition, then press the ENT key. The approach sequence will be displayed and LOAD? will flash.
Choosing the VECTORS transition will load the Vector-to-Final approach option. This loads an approach which
consists of the faf (Final Approach Fix), the runway and the missed approach vectors, allowing you to follow
ATC commands to the Final Approach Fix.
You can choose either to LOAD or ACTIVATE your approach. Loading your approach allows you Activate the
approach at a later time.
Loading an Approach
If you choose to load your approach, press the ENT key. The approach menu will close and the approach
will be loaded into the FMS and can be Activated later.
Activating an Approach
If you choose to activate your approach, turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight ACTIVATE?, then press the
ENT key. The approach menu will close and the approach will be loaded and Activated. If your aircraft is flying
on autopilot with GPSS steering, the aircraft will immediately turn to the first approach waypoint.
Activating a Loaded Approach
Press the PROC key to open the Procedures menu. By default, the cursor highlights the Select Approach option.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the Activate Approach option.
Press the ENT key. The approach menu will close and the approach will be Activated. If your aircraft is flying
on autopilot with GPSS steering, the aircraft will immediately turn to the first approach waypoint.
Deleting an Approach
To delete an approach procedure, press the FPL key to open the Active Flight Plan page.
Press the FMS Inner knob to display the cursor, turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the name of the approach
procedure, then press the CLR key to delete the approach procedure.
40
flight planning
Deleting an Approach, Continued....
After deleting the approach procedure, you must Activate the first leg of your flight plan. To do this, turn the FMS
Outer knob to highlight the waypoint directly below the first waypoint in your flight plan, then press the MENU
key and select the Activate Leg option. Press the ENT key to Activate that leg of your flight plan, as shown by the
magenta arrow in the Active Flight Plan page, then press the FPL key to close the Active Flight Plan page.
Activating Vector-to-Final
Press the PROC key to open the Procedures menu. By default, the cursor highlights the Select Approach option.
Turn the FMS Outer knob to highlight the Activate Vector-to-Final option.
Press the ENT key. Your approach will be deleted except for the faf, the runway and the missed approach
vectors, allowing you to follow ATC commands to the Final Approach Fix.
Flight Director and Autopilot

Flight Director and Autopilot Overview
The Automatic Flight Control System or AFCS provides flight guidance and automatic flight control. It consists of
two primary functions: the flight director (FD) and the autopilot (AP). When engaged, the autopilot commands the
aircraft to follow the flight director by providing signals to the pitch and roll trim servos.
Autopilot Status
Lateral Modes
Vertical Modes
The AFCS status box consists of three sections. The left-side section displays autopilot lateral modes, the center
section displays autopilot status and the right-side section displays autopilot vertical modes.
The color of status indicators varies:
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Green - Function is Active
White - Function is Armed
The following Vertical modes are supported*:
The following Lateral modes are supported*:
Pitch Hold (PIT)
Roll Hold (ROL)
Selected Altitude Capture (ALTS)
Heading Select (HDG)
Altitude Hold (ALT)
Navigation - (GPS) / (VOR) / (LOC) / (BC)
Vertical Speed (VS)
Approach - (GPS) / (VOR) / (LOC)
Flight Level Change (FLC)
Glidepath (GP) - WAAS Approaches Only
Glideslope (GS)
*AFSC Status Box Annunciations in Parenthesis

41

Flight Director and Autopilot Overview, Continued....
The flight director provides pitch and roll commands to the autopilot and displays them on the PFD. With the
flight director turned ON and lateral and/or vertical functions Active, the aircraft can be hand-flown to follow the
command bars. When the autopilot is engaged, the autopilot will follow the command bars.
The flight director can be turned ON separately from the autopilot, however, when the autopilot is engaged,
the flight director will always be ON. The FD key is disabled when the autopilot is engaged.
Autopilot Click-Spots and Functions

The autopilot is controlled using the autopilot function keys and the ALT control knob located on both the PFD
and the MFD. The AFCS status box on the PFD indicates the status of Active and Armed flight modes.
Do not Engage the autopilot while on the ground. In addition to being incorrect operation, Flight Simulator
features a bug that moves the elevator pitch trim to one extreme resulting in elevator trim problems.
1
1) AP - Press the AP key to Engage or Disengage the autopilot. When the autopilot
is engaged, the flight director command bars are displayed, ROL and PIT
modes are Active and ALTS mode is Armed. ROL mode commands the aircraft
to hold wings level and PIT mode commands the aircraft to hold the current
pitch angle. When the autopilot is disengaged, ROL and PIT modes remain
Active, ALTS mode remains Armed and the flight director remains ON.
2) FD - Press the FD key to turn the Flight Director ON or OFF. When the flight
director is turned ON, ROL and PIT modes are Active, ALTS mode is Armed
and the flight director command bars are displayed. Turn the flight director
OFF to clear all AFCS modes.
The autopilot must be disengaged to turn the flight director OFF and clear all AFCS modes.
3) HDG - Press the HDG key to Engage or Disengage Heading Select mode and to switch between HDG and
ROL mode. HDG mode is a lateral mode that commands the aircraft to fly the current heading displayed by the
Heading Bug on the HSI. The heading bug can be moved by turning the HDG control knob on the PFD or MFD.
When the HDG key is pressed a second time, ROL mode is selected.
4) ALT - Press the ALT key to Engage or Disengage Altitude Hold mode and to switch between ALT mode,
PIT mode and ALTS mode. ALT mode is a vertical mode that commands the aircraft to hold the current
altitude at the time the selection is made. ALT mode is automatically armed when the flight director is in ALTS
mode. ALTS mode automatically transitions to ALT mode when the altitude error is less than ~50 feet.
In the default configuration, ALTS mode is Armed (this is not a mode that can be manually engaged or
disengaged). ALTS mode commands the autopilot to capture the altitude displayed in the Selected Altitude
box above the altitude tape on the PFD. When the aircraft is within ~200 feet of the Selected Altitude, ALTS
mode will become Active and capture the selected altitude, at which time ALT mode will become Active.
42

Autopilot Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
5
6
10
11
12
5) NAV - Press the NAV key to Engage or Disengage Navigation mode. NAV mode
is a lateral mode that commands the aircraft to fly the current navigation course,
either GPS or VOR. If the CDI is in VOR mode and NAV is pressed, the autopilot
will arm VOR mode. When the aircraft is within intercept capture range, the
aircraft will turn toward and follow the VOR radial. If the CDI is in GPS mode and
NAV is pressed, the autopilot will arm GPS mode. When the aircraft is within
intercept capture range, the aircraft will turn toward and follow the GPS flight
path. Press the CDI softkey on the PFD to change NAV sources.
6) APR - Press the APR key to Engage or Disengage Approach mode. APR mode
is both a vertical and a lateral mode that commands the aircraft to capture
and track the WAAS glidepath or the ILS glideslope on approach. The aircraft
is able to fly both WAAS approaches and fully-coupled ILS approaches with
glideslope tracking.
To ensure correct ILS tracking, use APR mode.
7) BC - Press the BC key to Engage or Disengage Backcourse mode. When selected, backcourse mode captures
and tracks the localizer in the backcourse direction.
8) VS - Press the VS key to Engage or Disengage Vertical Speed mode. VS mode is a pitch mode that commands
the aircraft to climb or descend at a specific rate as selected using the NOSE UP and NOSE DOWN keys.
While in VS mode, the aircraft will attempt to hold the currently selected VS setting regardless of power setting.
While in VS mode, it's important to watch your airspeed closely to prevent stalling, particularly at higher altitudes.
9) NOSE UP - Press the NOSE UP key to increase the vertical speed rate. In VS mode, press the NOSE UP key to
increase the vertical speed rate in 100 foot increments. In FLC mode, press the NOSE UP key to decrease airspeed
and therefore increase climb rate.
10) FLC - Press the FLC key to Engage or Disengage Flight Level Change mode. FLC mode is a vertical mode
that maintains the current airspeed while the aircraft is either climbing or descending to the selected
altitude. The autopilot will command aircraft pitch changes in an attempt to hold the current airspeed. The
current selected airspeed is indicated by a triangle on the speedtape and can be adjusted using the NOSE
UP and NOSE DOWN keys.
You need to be in a climb or a descent prior to engaging Flight Level Change mode. For the best results, FLC
mode should be used during climb and VS mode should be used during descent.
11) NOSE DOWN - Press the NOSE DOWN key to decrease the vertical speed rate. In VS mode, press the NOSE
DOWN key to decrease the vertical speed rate in 100 foot increments. In FLC mode, press the NOSE DOWN key
to increase airspeed and therefore decrease climb rate.
12) ALT - The ALT control knob is used to input the selected altitude that the autopilot will command the aircraft
to level off at. This knob includes four different click-spots. The two upper click-spots increase and decrease
decrease the altitude select value. The selected altitude is displayed Selected Altitude box above the altitude tape.
43
audio panel
Audio Panel Overview
An audio panel is installed on the instrument panel between the G1000 PFD and MFD. It features a marker
beacon receiver and controls for selecting and managing different audio sources, including two COM receivers,
two NAV receivers, and ADF and DME receivers.
Audio Panel Click-Spots and Functions

The audio panel functions are controlled using the various function keys. An orange annunciator above each
function key indicates that the current function is Active.
1) COM1 MIC - Selects the COM1 transmitter. Pressing COM1 MIC also turns
COM1 audio ON.
2) COM1 - Press to turn COM1 audio OFF and ON.
3) COM2 MIC - Selects the COM2 transmitter. Pressing COM2 MIC also turns
COM2 audio ON.
4) COM2 - Press to turn COM2 audio OFF and ON.
5
6
5) MKR MUTE - Press to turn the Marker Mute function ON and OFF.
When the MKR MUTE annunciator is illuminated, marker beacon sounds will
be heard. To mute marker beacon sounds, press the MKR MUTE button
(annunciator extinguished).
6) DME - Press to turn DME receiver ident audio ON and OFF.
7) NAV1 - Press to turn NAV1 receiver ident audio ON and OFF.
8) ADF - Press to turn ADF receiver ident audio ON and OFF.
9) NAV2 - Press to turn NAV2 receiver ident audio ON and OFF.
Active audio functions display an orange annunciator above the function button.
Both COM1 and COM2 can be selected simultaneously, allowing you to hear audio from both the COM1 and
COM2 receivers at the same time. COM1 MIC and COM2 MIC cannot both be selected at the same time.
Active COM and NAV frequencies are displayed in green on the PFD and MFD. In order to hear COM, NAV, DME
and ADF audio, a valid frequency must be tuned and the aircraft must be within receiving range.
44
battery and avionics bus panel

Battery and Avionics Bus Panel Overview
The battery and avionics bus panel is installed to the left of the PFD and above the dimming panel. It consists
of the standby battery control switch and test lamp, the battery and alternator master switches and the avionics
bus switch.
Standby Battery Switch Click-Spots and Functions

In the event that the main battery loses power, the standby battery system can supply power to the essential bus
for at least 30 minutes. The standby battery system is controlled by a three-position switch with OFF, TEST and
MAIN positions. In addition, a green test lamp is used when testing the standby battery system. In normal operating
conditions, the standby battery switch should be in the MAIN position.
1
1) STNDBY BATT - Controls the standby battery system.

OFF - When the switch is in the OFF position, no power is drawn from the
standby battery.
MAIN - When the switch is in the MAIN position, power is supplied by the standby battery. When the aircraft is
shut down or the master battery switch is turned OFF, placing the standby battery switch in the MAIN position
will power essential aircraft systems.
TEST - When the switch is in the TEST position, the test lamp will illuminate green indicating the standby
battery has sufficient power.
2) TEST LAMP - Used in conjunction with the TEST function of the standby battery switch. When the switch is
in the TEST position, the test lamp will illuminate green indicating the standby battery has sufficient power.
Master Switch Click-Spots and Functions

The master switch is a two-pole rocker switch. The BAT side of the switch controls the aircraft's main battery
electrical power and the ALT side of the switch controls the aircraft's alternator. In normal operating conditions,
both switches should be in the ON position.
1) MASTER ALT - Controls the aircraft's alternator system. When in the ON

position, electrical power is delivered from the alternator. When in the OFF
position, electrical power is provided by the main battery. The alternator switch
should be left in the ON position, except during shutdown and startup
procedures.
2) MASTER BAT - Controls the aircraft's main battery system. The battery
switch should be left in the ON position, except during shutdown and
startup procedures.
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battery and avionics bus panel

Avionics Bus Switch Click-Spots and Functions
The avionics bus switch is a two-pole rocker switch that controls electrical power to the avionics bus.
1) AVIONICS BUS 1 /BUS 2 - Controls the aircraft's avionics bus. When in the ON
position, power is supplied to the avionics bus. The avionics bus switch should
be placed in the OFF position before turning the MASTER switch ON or OFF, or
before starting the engine.
In the default configuration, Flight Simulator supports one avionics bus, therefore,
both avionics bus switches are ganged together in this simulation.
The avionics bus does not control power to the Garmin G1000. The G1000 PFD and MFD are turned ON and
OFF using the master battery switch or the standby battery switch (if the master battery switch is turned OFF).
dimming panel and flood lights

Dimming Panel and Flood Lights Overview
The dimming panel consists of four rotary knobs which control instrument panel, gauge, avionics and pedestal
lighting. In addition to the dimming panel, two flood lights in the ceiling illuminate the cockpit and rear cabin.
Dimming Panel and Flood Lights Click-Spots and Functions

Each rotary knob can be clicked on to turn the specific lighting function OFF or ON. When each knob is rotated
counter-clockwise the lighting function is turned OFF. When each knob is rotated clockwise, the lighting function
is turned ON.
1) SW/CB PANELS - Controls the instrument panel switch backlighting.
1
2) STBY IND - Controls the standby instrument (standby indicator)

backlighting.
3) PEDESTAL - Controls the center pedestal backlighting.
4) AVIONICS - Controls the G1000 PFD, MFD and audio panel backlighting.
5) FLOOD LIGHT - Controls the cockpit flood lights. Push the flood
light switch to turn the flood lights ON. Push the flood light switch a
second time to turn the flood lights OFF. Both flood lights (cockpit
and rear cabin) are controlled by this single switch.
46
electrical switch panel

Electrical Switch Panel Overview
The electrical switch panel is installed adjacent to the dimming panel and consists of the exterior lighting control
switches, the fuel pump switch, the pitot heat switch and the propeller heat switch.
To make it easier to access the electrical switch panel, hide the control yoke by clicking on the base of it.
Electrical Switch Panel Click-Spots and Functions

The electric switch panel features two separate rows of switches. The upper row of switches controls exterior
lighting and the bottom row of switches controls the fuel pump, pitot heat and propeller heat. All of the switches
are two-position toggle switches, except for the propeller heat switch, which is a three-position toggle switch.
1
1) BEACON - Controls the beacon on top of the tail. The beacon light is
generally turned ON prior to engine start.
2) LAND - Controls the landing light. The landing light is generally turned
ON when turning onto the runway, then turned OFF shortly after takeoff.
It is then turned ON prior to landing.
3) TAXI - Controls the taxi light. The taxi light is generally turned ON during
taxi and left ON during flight for enhanced visibility of the aircraft.
6
4) NAV - Controls the navigation lights. The navigation lights are generally turned ON after engine start.
5) STROBE - Controls the strobe lights. The strobe lights are generally turned ON when turning onto the runway.
For realism, it is recommended that only the taxi light be left ON enroute or while in the pattern and NOT the
landing light. In addition, it is recommended that the strobe lights and beacon be turned OFF while flying
through clouds or overcast conditions to reduce the chance of flashing light reflections.
6) FUEL PUMP - Controls the auxiliary fuel pump. The auxiliary fuel pump is electrically-driven and is primarily
used for priming the engine prior to starting.
It is not necessary to operate the auxiliary fuel pump during normal takeoff and landing, since gravity and the
engine-driven fuel pump will supply adequate fuel flow.
7) PITOT HEAT - Controls the pitot heat system. A pitot tube is mounted on the left underside of the wing, along
with pitot static ports on either side of the fuselage. Pitot heat should be turned ON if erroneous instrument
readings are suspected due to icing conditions.
Pitot heat should not be used for prolonged periods under non-icing conditions as the heating element may
overheat and be damaged. This aircraft should NOT be flown into know icing conditions.
47
electrical switch panel

Electrical Switch Panel Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
8) PROP HEAT - Controls the propeller heat
system. This system provides protection for
the propeller blades should icing conditions
be encountered. When placed in the ON
position (center position), PROP HEAT will
be annunciated in green on the PFD, indicating electrical current is
be cycled ON and OFF in timed intervals to the heated boots on the
propeller blades. When the switch is placed in the TEST position, PROP
HEAT will be annunciated in amber on the PFD indicating the system is
working correctly.
8
Magnetos switch
Magnetos Switch Overview
Engine ignition is provided by two engine-driven magnetos and two spark plugs per cylinder. Normal operation
is conducted with both magnetos due to the more complete burning of the fuel/air mixture with dual ignition.
Magnetos Switch Click-Spots and Functions

The magnetos switch features five positions - OFF, R, L, BOTH and START. To control the magnetos switch,
left-click and HOLD the switch, then drag your mouse right or left to rotate the switch right or left.
1
1) MAGNETOS - The magnetos and the starter motor are controlled by the
magnetos switch. The engine should be operated on both magnetos (BOTH
position) except during magneto checks.

The R and L positions are used for magneto checks.
When the magnetos switch is moved to the START position during engine start,
then released, it will automatically return to the BOTH position.
(Click and Drag)

A magnetos check is usually done in the designated run-up area. With the parking brake set, increase power
to 1800 RPM. Turn the magnetos switch to L. You should notice a slight drop in RPM. Turn the magnetos switch to
BOTH and the RPM should increase back to 1800 RPM. Now turn the magnetos switch to R. Again, you should
notice a slight drop in RPM. Turn the magnetos switch to BOTH and the RPM should increase back to 1800
RPM once more. This completes the magnetos check.
48
circuit breaker panel

Circuit Breaker Panel Overview
Individual system circuit breakers are clustered on the circuit breaker panel. Pulling out a circuit breaker opens
the circuit, cutting power to that specific system. Pushing the circuit breaker back in closes the circuit and
restores power to that specific system.
Circuit Breaker Panel Click-Spots and Functions

The circuit breaker panel features two separate rows of circuit breakers that can be opened and closed. To open
and close a circuit breaker, click on the desired circuit breaker. When the circuit breaker is open (no power), the
circuit breaker will be pulled out. When the circuit breaker is closed (restored power), the circuit breaker will be
pushed in.
Circuit breakers in the ELECTRICAL BUS 1 and ELECTRICAL BUS 2 rows can be opened and closed. Because
Flight Simulator only support one avionics bus, the AVN1 and AVN2 circuit breakers will open and close
simultaneously regardless of which one is opened or closed.
1
1) ELECTRICAL BUS 1 - Controls the following circuit

breakers: Fuel Pump, Beacon Light, Landing Light,
Cabin Lights (Flood Lights), Flaps, Avionics Bus 1.
2) ELECTRICAL BUS 2 - Controls the following circuit
breakers: Pitot Heat, Navigation Lights, Taxi Light,
Strobe Lights, Panel Lights, Avionics Bus 2.
2
parking brake
Parking Brake Overview, Click-Spot and Function
The parking brake is located under the pilot's side instrument panel, below the circuit breaker panel. It is used to
help prevent the aircraft from rolling, either while parked, or if desired, during the magnetos check/engine run-up
test prior to takeoff.
1
1) PARK BRAKE - Controls the parking brake. Click once

to Engage the parking brake (handle in the vertical
position) and click a second time to Disengage the
parking brake (handle in the horizontal position).
49
elt and hobbs meter

ELT and Hobbs Meter Overview
The ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter) is a two-frequency transmitter powered by an internal lithium battery.
It is used in the event of an emergency to help locate the aircraft.
The hobbs meter, mounted adjacent to the ELT, is used to keep track of the number of hours on the engine.
ELT and Hobbs Meter Click-Spots and Functions

This simulation allows you to test the ELT's function by tuning the appropriate frequency into the COM1 receiver,
then switching the ELT ON. The ELT switch should be left in the RESET/AUTO position at all other times.
1) ELT - The ELT can be manually turned ON and tested

by first tuning COM1 to 121.500, then switching the ELT
to the ON position. An audible tone will be heard. Under
normal operating conditions, the ELT switch should be
left in the RESET/AUTO position.
2) HOBBS METER - The hobbs meter records and displays engine operating time (in hours).
standby instruments
Standby Instruments Overview
Four standby flight instruments are provided. These include an airspeed indicator, an attitude indicator, an
altimeter and a compass. The airspeed indicator and altimeter are pitot-static operated and the attitude indicator
is vacuum operated. These instruments are used in the unlikely event that a failure occurs with the primary flight
instruments displayed on the PFD.
Standby Airspeed Indicator Click-Spots and Functions

The standby airspeed indicator displays the aircraft's current airspeed in knots. It features colored bands to
indicate maximum speed, high cruise speed caution range, normal operating range and full wing flap operating
range. In addition, true airspeed (TAS) is also displayed and can be calibrated for temperature and altitude using
the TAS calibration knob.
1) TEMPERATURE/ALTITUDE SCALE WINDOW - This window is

used to help determine true airspeed. The numbers in the middle
of the hash marks represent altitude (in thousands of feet) and
the fixed numbers above the window represent outside air temperature (in 10 increments).
2) COLORED BANDS - The colored bands indicate the aircraft's
airspeed ranges as follows: Red Line (Maximum Speed), Yellow
Band (High Cruise Caution Range), Green Band (Normal Operating
Range), White Band (Full Wing Flap Operating Range).
50
standby instruments
Standby Airspeed Indicator Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
3) TAS CALIBRATION KNOB - This knob is used to calibrate true airspeed

by adjusting for temperature and altitude. To determine true airspeed,
turn the TAS calibration knob so that your aircraft's nearest current altitude
(indicated by the numbers in the middle of the hash marks) line up
with the nearest current outside air temperature (indicated by the hash
marks at the top of the window). The aircraft's current true airspeed will
be displayed in the TAS window at the bottom of the gauge. Turning
the knob to the right increases the altitude setting (and TAS) and turning
the knob to the left decreases the altitude setting (and TAS).
4) TAS WINDOW - This window displays the aircraft's true airspeed. TAS must be adjusted for temperature and
altitude, using the TAS calibration knob. See TAS CALIBRATION KNOB above.
The current outside air temperature is displayed in the lower left corner of the PFD.
Standby Attitude Indicator Click-Spots and Functions

The standby attitude indicator displays the aircraft's pitch and roll attitude relative to the horizon. It features a
colored ball with a horizon bar and wing indicator to determine pitch and bank angles. In addition, the wing
indicator is adjustable to suit the height of different pilots.
1) BANK INDICATOR - The orange bank indicator is used in
conjunction with the white bank angle hash marks to
determine the current bank angle of the aircraft. Bank angle
hash marks are printed starting in 10 increments as follows:
10, 20, 30, 45 and 90.
2) HORIZON BAR - Separates the top (sky) and bottom (ground)

halves of the ball. When the horizon bar moves down, the
aircraft is pitching up and when the horizon bar moves up,
the aircraft is pitching down. Black hash marks above the
horizon bar are printed at 5 and 10 and white hash marks
below the horizon bar are printed at 5, 10 and 20.
3) WING INDICATOR - Indicates the current position of the aircraft's wing. This part of the instrument is stationary
and is always parallel with the wing of the aircraft.
4) WING INDICATOR ADJUSTMENT KNOB - This knob is used to adjust the wing indicator to align with the
horizon bar. This allows adjustment to the height of the pilot. Preferably, the adjustment should be made
when level on the ground, prior to takeoff. Turning the knob to the right lowers the wing indicator and turning
the knob to the left raises the wing indicator.
51
standby instruments
Standby Altimeter Click-Spots and Functions
The standby altimeter displays the aircraft's current altitude. It features a barometer adjustment knob to calibrate
the altimeter to the current air pressure (either in mb or hg) in addition to a flag that indicates the aircraft is under
10,000 feet. The shorter needle reads in thousands of feet and the longer needle reads in hundreds of feet.
1) MILLIBARS KOLLSMAN WINDOW - Displays the barometric

scale in millibars. The scale can be adjusted by turning the
barometer adjustment knob to match the current local
altimeter setting.
2) HG KOLLSMAN WINDOW - Displays the barometric scale
in Inches of Mercury (Hg). The scale can be adjusted by
turning the barometer adjustment knob to match the
current local altimeter setting.
3) CROSSHATCH FLAG - Indicates that the aircraft is below or above 10,000 feet. When the aircraft is below 10,000
feet, the crosshatch flag is visible. The crosshatch flag will slowly disappear as the aircraft climbs and approaches
10,000 feet. Over 10,000 feet, the crosshatch flag will no longer be visible.
4) BAROMETER ADJUSTMENT KNOB - This knob is used to adjust the barometer setting to match the current
local altimeter setting.
Adjusting the barometer on the PFD automatically adjusts the barometer on the standby altimeter and adjusting
the barometer on the standby altimeter automatically adjusts the barometer on the PFD.
engine, wing flaps and defroster controls

Engine, Wing Flaps and Defroster Controls Overview
The lower right panel includes the throttle, propeller, mixture, wing flaps and defroster controls. The throttle
control knob, propeller control knob and the mixture control knob are clustered together for ease of use. Mounted
to the right of the mixture control knob is the wing flap control lever. The wing flap control lever is a four-position
lever that controls the electric-powered wing flaps. In addition, the windshield defroster control knob is
conveniently mounted for easy access by the pilot.
Throttle, Propeller and Mixture Control Knobs Click-Spots and Functions

The engine controls consist of three knobs - the throttle control knob, the propeller control knob and the mixture
control knob. Each control knob slides in and out to control its specific function. In addition, each knob is
color-coded and features a different shape to help ensure you are using the intended knob. To control each
knob, click and HOLD the knob, then drag the knob IN or OUT. In addition, you can use your mouse's scroll wheel
to control each of the knobs. Scroll forward to move each control knob IN and scroll backward to move each
control knob OUT. This can sometimes result in more precise movement.
52
engine, wing flaps and defroster controls

Throttle, Propeller and Mixture Control Knobs Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
1) THROTTLE CONTROL KNOB - The throttle control knob controls the engine's manifold pressure. Push the throttle
control knob IN to increase throttle and pull the throttle control knob OUT to decrease throttle.
1
2) PROPELLER CONTROL KNOB - The propeller control

knob controls the engine's speed by changing the pitch
of the propeller. Push the propeller control knob IN to
decrease propeller pitch and increase RPM. Pull the
propeller control knob OUT to increase propeller pitch
and decrease RPM.
3) MIXTURE CONTROL KNOB - The mixture control knob
controls fuel flow to the engine. Push the mixture control
knob IN to richen the mixture and pull the mixture control
knob OUT to lean the mixture.
(Click and Drag)

For general information about where to set the throttle, propeller and mixture settings for different phases of flight,
see the Performance Charts on pages 66 ~ 84.
Wing Flap Control Lever Click-Spot and Function

The wing flaps are electric-powered and are extended and retracted using the wing flap control lever. The wing
flap control lever features four positions: UP, 10, 20 and FULL. A position indicator to the left of the lever
indicates the current wing flaps position. To control the wing flap control lever, click and HOLD the lever, then
drag the lever UP or DOWN.
1) POSITION POINTER - The position pointer indicates the current position of

the wing flaps, either UP (Full Up), 10, 20 or FULL (Full Down).
2) WING FLAP CONTROL LEVER - Controls the position of the wing flaps.
The wing flaps require main battery power to operate. They will not operate
off the standby battery.
(Click and Drag)
Defroster Control Knob Click-Spot and Function

The defroster control knob controls the windshield defroster. Windshield defrost air is supplied by two ducts from
the cabin manifold outlet on top of the glareshield.
1) DEFROST - Controls the windshield defroster. The defroster should be used if or

when ice accumulation appears on the windshield. After turning the defroster ON
(pull OUT), any ice accumulation will begin to dissipate after approximately 3 to 5
minutes.
53
center pedestal
Center Pedestal Overview
The center pedestal features controls for the elevator and rudder trim, the cowl flaps and the fuel selector
(located at the base of the pedestal).
Center Pedestal Click-Spots and Functions

The elevator and rudder trim wheels are moved up and down and right and left to control the desired amount
of trim. The cowl flap control lever is moved up and down to OPEN and CLOSE and cowl flaps, and the fuel
selector is moved right and left to switch between fuel tanks or shut off the fuel supply. Each of the four controls
are controlled by clicking and dragging.
1) ELEVATOR TRIM WHEEL - The elevator trim wheel is

used to manually adjust elevator trim during flight to
neutralize control yoke forces. Move the trim wheel
forward to trim the nose DOWN and move the trim
wheel backward to trim the nose UP.
2) TAKEOFF POSITION INDICATOR - A position indicator
is located to the left of the trim wheel to indicate the
current position of the elevator trim tab. The elevator
trim tab is in the recommended takeoff position when
the position indicator is lined up with the TAKEOFF
index mark on the pedestal.
3) RUDDER TRIM WHEEL - The rudder trim wheel is
used to manually adjust rudder trim during flight
to neutralize rudder pedal forces. Move the trim wheel
right to trim the nose RIGHT and move the trim wheel
left to trim the nose LEFT. A position indicator is located
above the trim wheel to indicate the current position of
the rudder trim tab. Rudder trim is generally used
during the cruise and descent phases of flight to keep
the nose straight.
(Click and Drag)

4) COWL FLAPS - The cowl flaps are controlled by the cowl flaps control lever. Two cowl flaps are located on
the underside of the engine cowl and are used to aid in engine cooling on the ground and during climb. Move
the lever up to OPEN the cowl flaps and move the lever down to CLOSE the cowl flaps. In general, the cowl
flaps should be opened during ground operations and takeoff and climb. The cowl flaps should be closed
during cruise, decent and landing.
5) FUEL SELECTOR - The fuel selector is a four-position selector valve with OFF, RIGHT, BOTH and LEFT
positions. When set to BOTH, fuel is drawn from both wing tanks equally. When set to RIGHT, fuel is drawn
only from the right wing tank and when set to LEFT, fuel is drawn only from the left wing tank. When set to
OFF, the fuel supply is shut off.
To reduce exaggerated fuel imbalances, we recommend leaving the fuel selector in the BOTH position. To move
the fuel selector into the OFF position, click and drag the fuel selector all the way to the right.
54
inadvertent flight into icing conditions

This simulation depicts visual airframe icing on the windshield and aircraft leading edges, in addition to pitot and
air-intake icing.
Flying into known icing conditions is prohibited and can be extremely dangerous. If you inadvertently fly into
icing conditions, follow these procedures:
l
The best recourse is to immediately change course and/or altitude to fly out of the icing conditions.
Set the PROP HEAT and PROPELLER HEAT switches to the ON position.
If ice is visible on the windshield, turn the DEFROST control knob ON.
supplemental oxygen supply system

Supplemental Oxygen Supply System Overview, Click-Spot and Function
A four-place oxygen system provides supplementary oxygen necessary for continuous flight at high altitude.
Although this simulation does not depict supplemental oxygen use, the oxygen control knob can be moved for
added realism. It is recommended that supplemental oxygen be used when cruising above 12,500 feet and it is
advisable that supplemental oxygen be used at altitudes lower than 12,500 feet under conditions of night flying
or fatigue.
1
1) OXYGEN - The oxygen control knob turns the supplemental

oxygen supply system ON and OFF. As described above,
it is recommended that supplemental oxygen be used
when cruising above 12,500 feet and it is advisable that
supplemental oxygen be used at altitudes lower than
12,500 feet under conditions of night flying or fatigue.
THIS SPACE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
55
limitations
Airspeed Limitations
Shown below are the aircraft's airspeed limitations in both Knots Calibrated Air Speed and Knots Indicated Air
Speed (where applicable).
Stall Speed - Clean (VS)..................................................................................................................................................54 KCAS (Flaps Up)
Stall Speed - Landing Configuration (VSO).......................................................................................................... 49 KCAS (Flaps Full)
Maximum Flap Extended Speed (VFE)*
Flaps Up to 10.......................................................................................................................................................... 137 KCAS / 140 KIAS

Flaps 10 to 20......................................................................................................................................................... 119 KCAS / 120 KIAS
Flaps 20 to Full........................................................................................................................................................ 100 KCAS / 100 KIAS
Maneuvering Speed (VA)**
3100 Pounds............................................................................................................................................................... 110 KCAS / 110 KIAS

2600 Pounds............................................................................................................................................................... 101 KCAS / 101 KIAS
2100 Pounds.....................................................................................................................................................................92 KCAS / 91 KIAS
Never Exceed Speed (VNE)***.................................................................................................................................. 170 KCAS / 175 KIAS
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed (VNO)****............................................................................................... 137 KCAS / 140 KIAS
Maximum Window Open Speed*****................................................................................................................... 170 KCAS / 175 KIAS

*Do NOT exceed this speed with flaps down.
**Do NOT make full or abrupt control movements above this speed.
***Do NOT exceed this speed in any operation.
****Do NOT exceed this speed except in smooth air, and then only with caution.
*****Do NOT exceed this speed with windows open.
Airspeed Indicator Markings

The table below shows the airspeed markings and their color code significance.
MARKING
KIAS VALUE
SIGNIFICANCE
Red Arc*
20 ~ 41
Low airspeed warning.
White Arc
41 ~ 100
Full Flap Operating Range. Lower limit is maximum weight Vso in

landing configuration. Upper limit is maximum speed permissible with
flaps extended.
Green Arc
51 ~ 140
Normal Operating Range. Lower limit is maximum weight Vs1 at most

forward C.G. with flaps retracted. Upper limit is maximum structural
cruising speed.
Yellow Arc
140 ~ 175
Operations must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air.
Red Line
175
Maximum speed for all operations.
*G1000 airspeed indicator only.

56
limitations
Powerplant Limitations
Engine Manufacturer...........................................................................................................................................................Textron Lycoming
Engine Model Number................................................................................................................................................................ TIO-540-AK1A
Engine Operating Limits for Takeoff and Continuous Operations

Maximum Continuous Power...............................................................................235 Rated BHP at 32 In.Hg. and 2400 RPM
Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature.......................................................................................................................500F (260C)
Maximum Oil Temperature................................................................................................................................................245F (118C)
Oil Pressure, Minimum......................................................................................................................................................................... 20 PSI
Oil Pressure, Maximum......................................................................................................................................................................115 PSI

Note: Engine operation with Indicated Oil Pressure below the GREEN band range while
in cruise or climb configuration is considered abnormal.
Powerplant Instrument Markings

The table below shows the powerplant markings and their color code significance. Operating with indications in
the red range is prohibited. Operating with indications in the yellow range should be avoided.
INSTRUMENT
RED LINE
RED ARC
(LOWER)
YELLOW
ARC
(NORMAL RANGE)
GREEN ARC
RED ARC
RED LINE
______
______
______
2000 to 2400 RPM
2400* to 2700 RPM
______
(MINIMUM)
Tachometer
(RPM)
Manifold Pressure
(UPPER)
(MAXIMUM)
32* to 35 in.hg.
______
Sea Level ~ 15,000 Feet
______
______
15,000 ~ 20,000 Feet
______
15 to 18 in.hg.
15 to 27 in.hg.
Cylinder Head Temperature

(CHT)
______
______
______
200 to 500F
______
500F
Oil Temperature
(Oil F)
______
______
______
100 to 245F
245* to 250F
______
Oil Pressure
(Oil PSI)
______
0 to 20 PSI
______
50 to 90 PSI
115* to 120 PSI
______
0**
______
0 to 8 Gallons
8 to 35 Gallons
______
______
Fuel Flow
______
______
______
0 to 24 GPH
______
______
Vacuum Gauge
______
______
______
4.5 to 5.5 in.hg.
______
______
______
______
______
1350 to 1685F
1685* to 1700F
Fuel Quantity
Turbine Inlet Temperature

(TIT F)
______
*Maximum operating limit is lower end of red arc. **2.5 gallons unusable each tank.
57
limitations
Weight Limitations
Maximum Ramp Weight...........................................................................................................................3112 Pounds (1,412 Kilograms)
Maximum Takeoff Weight........................................................................................................................3100 Pounds (1,406 Kilograms)
Maximum Landing Weight......................................................................................................................2950 Pounds (1,338 Kilograms)
Maximum Weight in Baggage Compartment.......................................................................................200 Pounds (91 Kilograms)
Maximum Operating Altitude Limit

Certified Maximum Operating Altitude.........................................................................................................20,000 Feet (6096 Meters)
Maneuver Limits
This aircraft is certified in the normal category. The normal category is applicable to aircraft intended for
non-aerobatic operations. These include any maneuvers incidental to normal flying, stalls (except whip stalls),
lazy eights, chandelles and turns in which the angle of bank is not more than 60.
WARNING
AEROBATIC MANEUVERS, INCLUDING SPINS, ARE PROHIBITED.
Flight Load Factor Limits

Flight Load Factors (Maximum Takeoff Weight - 3,100 Pounds)
Flaps UP.........................................................................................................................................................................................+3.8g ~ 1.52g
Flaps FULL.................................................................................................................................................................................................... +2.0g
Note: The design load factors are 150% of the above, and in all cases, the structure
meets or exceeds design loads.
Kinds of Operations Limits

This aircraft is approved for day and night, VFR and IFR operations. Flight into known icing conditions is
prohibited.
Fuel Limitations
Total Fuel............................................................................................................................. 92.0 U.S. Gallons (46.0 U.S. Gallons Per Tank)
Useable Fuel...................................................................................................................... 87.0 U.S. Gallons (43.5 U.S. Gallons Per Tank)
Unusable Fuel........................................................................................................................ 5.0 U.S. Gallons (2.5 U.S. Gallons Per Tank)
Note: Takeoff and land with the fuel selector handle in the BOTH position. Operation
on either LEFT or RIGHT tank limited to level flight only. With 1/4 tank or less, prolonged
uncoordinated flight is prohibited when operating on either LEFT or RIGHT tank.
Flap Limitations
Approved Takeoff Range...................................................................................................................................................................... UP to 20
Approved Landing Range.................................................................................................................................................................UP to FULL
58
NORmal procedures
Although we have designed the Flight1 Software Cessna T182T Skylane TC to resemble and function as closely
as possible the real aircraft, it is not designed as a training device. Not all systems have been simulated, and
some of those that have been simulated may not be entirely functional or simulated to 100%. Although these
procedures are derived from the actual Cessna T182T Skylane TC Pilot's Operating Handbook, only procedures
that can be accomplished in this simulation are listed.
Normal Procedures Overview

This section contains information and flight profiles likely to be encountered during most daily flight operations.
The flight profiles in this section show detailed Normal Operating Procedures. They are general in nature. Actual
in-flight procedures may differ due to aircraft configuration, weight, weather, traffic, ATC instructions, etc.
Airspeeds for Normal Operation

Unless otherwise noted, the following speeds are based on a maximum weight of 3,100 pounds and may be
used for any lesser weight.
Takeoff
Normal Climb............................................................................................................................................................................... 70 ~ 80 KIAS
Short Field Takeoff, Flaps 20, Speed at 50 Feet.................................................................................................................. 60 KIAS
Enroute Climb, Flaps UP
Normal, Sea Level....................................................................................................................................................................90 ~ 100 KIAS
Best Rate of Climb, Sea Level........................................................................................................................................................ 84 KIAS
Best Rate of Climb, 20,000 Feet..................................................................................................................................................... 80 KIAS
Best Angle of Climb, Sea Level..................................................................................................................................................... 64 KIAS
Best Angle of Climb, 20,000 Feet.................................................................................................................................................. 68 KIAS
Landing Approach
Normal Approach, Flaps UP................................................................................................................................................. 70 ~ 80 KIAS
Normal Approach, Flaps FULL............................................................................................................................................ 60 ~ 70 KIAS
Short Field Approach, Flaps FULL............................................................................................................................................... 60 KIAS
Balked Landing
Maximum Power, Flaps 20............................................................................................................................................................ 55 KIAS
Maximum Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speed
3100 Pounds.........................................................................................................................................................................................110 KIAS
2600 Pounds.........................................................................................................................................................................................101 KIAS
2100 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 KIAS
Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity
Takeoff or Landing..........................................................................................................................................................................15 KNOTS
59
NORmal procedures
Preflight Inspection Checklist
[
Parking Brake.......................................................................................................................................................................................SET
MAGNETOS Switch......................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1 and BUS 2).................................................................................................................................... OFF
MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT)...................................................................................................................................................ON
Flight Displays (PFD and MFD).............................................................................. CHECK (Verify PFD and MFD is ON)
FUEL QTY (L and R).................................................................................................................................................................. CHECK
PITOT HEAT Switch......................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT)................................................................................................................................................. OFF
Elevator and Rudder Trim Controls........................................................................................................... TAKEOFF Position
FUEL SELECTOR Valve.............................................................................................................................................................. BOTH
Baggage Compartment Door..........................................................................................................................CHECK CLOSED
Tiedowns................................................................................................................................................................CHECK REMOVED
Control Surfaces......................................................................................................................CHECK FOR FREE MOVEMENT
Before Starting Engine Checklist

[
Preflight Inspection..........................................................................................................................................................COMPLETE
Brakes............................................................................................................................................................................... TEST and SET
Circuit Breakers.....................................................................................................................................................................CHECK IN
Electrical Equipment....................................................................................................................................................................... OFF

CAUTION
THE AVIONICS SWITCH (BUS 1 AND BUS 2) MUST BE OFF DURING ENGINE START TO
PREVENT POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE AVIONICS.
Cowl Flaps........................................................................................................................................................................................OPEN
Starting Engine Checklist

[
THROTTLE Control..................................................................................................................................................OPEN 1/4 INCH
PROPELLER Control.............................................................................................................................HIGH RPM (Push Full In)
MIXTURE Control............................................................................................................................IDLE CUTOFF (Pull Full Out)
STBY BATT Switch:

A) TEST.................................... (TEST Position for 20 Seconds, Verify Green TEST Lamp Stays Illuminated)
B) MAIN...................................................................................................................(Verify that PFD and MFD Comes ON)
Engine Indicating System.... CHECK PARAMETERS (Verify no Red X's Through ENGINE Page Indicators)
BUS E Volts...................................................................................................... CHECK (Verify 24 VOLTS Minimum Shown)
M BUS Volts......................................................................................................... CHECK (Verify 1.5 VOLTS or Less Shown)

60
NORmal procedures
Starting Engine Checklist, Continued....
[
Propeller Area.............................................................................................................................................................. CHECK CLEAR
MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT)...................................................................................................................................................ON
BEACON Light Switch......................................................................................................................................................................ON
FUEL PUMP Switch............................................................................................................................................................................ON
MIXTURE Control....SET to FULL RICH (Full Forward for 3 to 5 Seconds, then Set to IDLE CUTOFF (Full Aft)
FUEL PUMP Switch................................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
MIXTURE Control.................................................................................................................................................. SET to FULL RICH
MAGNETOS Switch.........................................................................................................START (Release When Engine Starts)
Oil Pressure...............................................................................CHECK (Verify that Oil Pressure Rises into GREEN BAND)
AMPS (M BATT and BATT E)................................................................................................... CHECK (Verify Positive Charge)
NAV Light Switch...........................................................................................................................................................ON (As Required)
AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1 and BUS 2)..............................................................................................................................................ON
Before Takeoff Checklist

[
Parking Brake.......................................................................................................................................................................................set
Cabin Doors............................................................................................................................................................................... CLOSED
Flight Controls..................................................................................................................................................FREE and Correct
Flight Instruments (PFD)......................................................................CHECK (Verify No Red X's Through Indicators)
Engine Indicating System...................................................................CHECK (Verify No Red X's Through Indicators)
Altimeters:
A) PFD (BARO).............................................................................................................................................................................SET
B) Standby Altimeter
SET
ALT SEL...................................................................................................................................................................................................set
Standby Flight Instruments................................................................................................................................................... CHECK
Fuel Quantity..............................................................................................................................CHECK (Verify Level is Correct)

Note: Flight is not recommended when both fuel quantity indicators are in the YELLOW
BAND range.
MIXTURE Control.............................................................................................................................................................................RICH
FUEL SELECTOR Valve.................................................................................................................................................... SET BOTH
Elevator and Rudder Trim Controls......................................................................................................... SET FOR TAKEOFF
THROTTLE Control...............................................................................................................................................................1800 RPM

A) MAGNETOS Switch........................................................... CHECK (RPM Drop Should Not Exceed 175 RPM)
B) PROPELLER Control....................................CYCLE (From High to Low, then Back to High - Push Full IN)
C) VAC Indicator.................................................................................................................................................................. CHECK
D) Engine Indicators.......................................................................................................................................................... CHECK
E) Ammeters and Voltmeters....................................................................................................................................... CHECK
61
NORmal procedures
Before Takeoff Checklist, Continued....
[
Annunciators............................................................................................................................................CHECK (Non Displayed)
THROTTLE Control.........................................................................................................................................................CHECK IDLE
THROTTLE Control............................................................................................................................................ 1000 RPM or LESS
COM Frequency(s)............................................................................................................................................................................SET
NAV Frequency(s)..............................................................................................................................................................................SET
XPDR.........................................................................................................................................................................................................SET
CDI Softkey....................................................................................................................................................SELECT NAV SOURCE
Wing Flaps................................................................................................................................................UP to 20 (10 Preferred)
Cowl Flaps........................................................................................................................................................................................OPEN
Cabin Windows........................................................................................................................................................................ CLOSED
STROBE Light Switch........................................................................................................................................................................ON
Brakes..........................................................................................................................................................................................RELEASE
Normal Takeoff Checklist

[
Wing Flaps.............................................................................................................................................................20 (10 Preferred)
THROTTLE Control.................................................................................................................................................................. 32 in.hg.
PROPELLER Control............................................................................................................................................................2400 RPM
MIXTURE Control......................................................................................................................ADJUST (to 24 GPH Fuel Flow)
ELEVATOR Control........................................................................................................LIFT NOSEWHEEL (at 50 ~ 60 KIAS)
Climb Airspeed..................................................................................................70 KIAS (FLAPS 20) or 80 KIAS (Flaps UP)
Wing Flaps............................................................................................................................................RETRACT (at Safe Altitude)
Short Field Takeoff Checklist

[
Wing Flaps..............................................................................................................................................................................................20
Brakes................................................................................................................................................................................................APPLY
THROTTLE Control............................................................................................................................................FULL (Push Full In)
MIXTURE Control......................................................................................................................ADJUST (to 24 GPH Fuel Flow)
Brakes..........................................................................................................................................................................................RELEASE
ELEVATOR Control........................................................................................................................................SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Climb Airspeed.............................................................................................................. 60 KIAS (Until All Obstacles Cleared)
Wing Flaps........................................................................RETRACT SLOWLY (When Airspeed is More Than 70 KIAS)
Normal Climb Checklist

[
Airspeed.............................................................................................................................................................................90 ~ 100 KIAS

62
NORmal procedures
Normal Climb Checklist, Continued....
[
MIXTURE Control........................................................................................................................................................................16 GPH
Cowl Flaps..........................................................................................................................................................OPEN (As Required)
OXYGEN Control Lever...................................................................................................................................... ON (As Required)
Maximum Performance Climb Checklist

[
Airspeed....................................................................................................84 KIAS (at Sea Level) / 80 KIAS (at 20,000 Feet)
MIXTURE Control........................................................................................................................................................................24 GPH
Cowl Flaps........................................................................................................................................................................................OPEN
OXYGEN Control Lever...................................................................................................................................... ON (As Required)
Cruise Checklist
[
Power:
A) Sea Level to 15,000 Feet.....................................................................................15 ~ 18 in.hg. at 2000 ~ 2400 RPM
B) 15,000 to 20,000 Feet............................................................................................15 ~ 17 in.hg. at 2000 ~ 2400 RPM
ELEVATOR and RUDDER Trim Controls....................................................................................................................... ADJUST
MIXTURE Control....................................................................................... LEAN (for Desired Performance or Economy)
Cowl Flaps.................................................................................................................................................................................. CLOSED
FMS/GPS...............................................................................................................................................................REVIEW and BRIEF
Descent Checklist
[
Power....................................................................................................................................................................................AS DESIRED
MIXTURE......................................................................................ADJUST (if Necessary to Make Engine Run Smoothly)
Cowl Flaps.................................................................................................................................................................................. CLOSED
Altimeters:
A) PFD (Baro)................................................................................................................................................................................SET
B) Standby Altimeter.................................................................................................................................................................SET
ALT SEL...................................................................................................................................................................................................SET
CDI Softkey....................................................................................................................................................SELECT NAV SOURCE
FMS/GPS...............................................................................................................................................................REVIEW and BRIEF
Wing Flaps.............................................................................................................................................. AS DESIRED (See Below)

(Up to 10 Below 140 KIAS) / (10 to 20 Below 120 KIAS) / (20 to FULL Below 100 KIAS)
63
NORmal procedures
Before Landing Checklist
[
MIXTURE Control.............................................................................................................................................................................RICH
PROPELLER Control.............................................................................................................................HIGH RPM (Push Full In)
LAND and TAXI Light Switches....................................................................................................................................................ON
Autopilot................................................................................................................................................................................................. OFF
Normal Landing Checklist

[
Airspeed........................................................................................................................................................70 ~ 80 KIAS (Flaps UP)
Wing Flaps.............................................................................................................................................. AS DESIRED (See Below)

(Up to 10 Below 140 KIAS) / (10 to 20 Below 120 KIAS / (20 to FULL Below 100 KIAS)
Airspeed................................................................................................................................................... 60 ~ 70 KIAS (Flaps FULL)
Touchdown.....................................................................................................................................................MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll............................................................................................................................... LOWER NOSEWHEEL GENTLY
Braking............................................................................................................................................................. MINIMUM REQUIRED
Short Field Landing Checklist

[
Airspeed........................................................................................................................................................70 ~ 80 KIAS (Flaps UP)
Wing Flaps....................................................................................................................................................FULL (Below 100 KIAS)
Airspeed................................................................................................................................................................60 KIAS (Until Flare)
Power.................................................................................................................... REDUCE TO IDLE (as Obstacle is Cleared)
Touchdown.....................................................................................................................................................MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Braking.......................................................................................................................................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps...............................................................................................................................................................................................UP
Balked Landing Checklist

[
THROTTLE Control..................................................................................................................................32 in.hg. and 2400 RPM
Wing Flaps...................................................................................................................................................................RETRACT to 20
Climb Speed.................................................................................................................................................................................55 KIAS
Wing Flaps.............................................................RETRACT SLOWLY (after Reaching a Safe Altitude and 70 KIAS)
Cowl Flaps........................................................................................................................................................................................OPEN
After Landing Checklist

[
Wing Flaps...............................................................................................................................................................................................UP
Cowl Flaps........................................................................................................................................................................................OPEN
64
NORmal procedures
Securing Aircraft Checklist
[
Parking Brake.......................................................................................................................................................................................SET
THROTTLE Control............................................................................................................................................IDLE (Pull Full Out)
Electrical Equipment....................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
MIXTURE Control............................................................................................................................IDLE CUTOFF (Pull Full Out)
MAGNETOS Switch......................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT)................................................................................................................................................. OFF
STBY BATT Switch............................................................................................................................................................................ OFF
FUEL SELECTOR Valve................................................................................... LEFT or RIGHT (to Prevent Crossfeeding)
OXYGEN Control Lever................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
THIS SPACE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

PERFORMANCE CHARTS BEGIN ON NEXT PAGE
65
Performance Charts
Although we have taken great pains to ensure that the Flight1 Software Cessna T182T Skylane TC flies as closely
to the real aircraft as possible, in some cases performance of the simulator aircraft may not match exactly the
performance of the real aircraft due to programming limitations of Flight Simulator.
Performance Charts Overview

This section contains the required performance data for aircraft operation. Performance data is shown in tabular
form to illustrate the effect of different variables. Detailed information is provided within the charts so that
conservative values can be selected and used to determine the particular performance figure with reasonable
accuracy.
The performance charts shown in this section assume the following, unless otherwise noted on the chart:
Aircraft Configuration
Takeoff Weight............................................................................................................................................................................3100 Pounds
Usable Fuel....................................................................................................................................................................................87.0 Gallons
Takeoff Conditions
Field Pressure Altitude...................................................................................................................................................................3500 Feet
Temperature..............................................................................................................................................24C (16C Above Standard)
Wind Component Along Runway.........................................................................................................................12 Knot Headwind
Field Length........................................................................................................................................................................................3500 Feet
Note: Keep in mind that distances shown in the takeoff charts are based on the short
field takeoff technique. Conservative distances can be established by reading the chart
at the next highest value of weight, altitude and temperature.
Cruise Conditions
Total Distance................................................................................................................................................................. 450 Nautical Miles
Pressure Altitude............................................................................................................................................................................11,500 Feet
Temperature....................................................................................................................................................................................................8C
Expected Wind Enroute.............................................................................................................................................10 Knot Headwind
Note: The cruising altitude should be selected based on a consideration of trip length,
winds aloft and the aircraft's performance. Considerable fuel savings and longer range
result when lower power settings are used.
Landing Conditions
Field Pressure Altitude...................................................................................................................................................................3000 Feet
Temperature................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25C
Field Length........................................................................................................................................................................................3000 Feet
Note: Keep in mind that distances shown in the landing charts are based on the short
field landing technique. A procedure similar to takeoff should be used for estimating the
landing distance at the destination airport.
66
Performance Charts
SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF DISTANCE
AT 3100 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 20
2400 RPM, 32 in.hg. and Mixture Set at 24 GPH Prior to Brake Release
Cowl Flaps OPEN
Paved, Level, Dry Runway
Lift Off: 54 KIAS
Zero Wind
Speed at 50 Feet: 60 KIAS

0C
10C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
700
1255
750
1340
800
1430
860
1525
915
1620
1000
740
1320
795
1410
850
1505
910
1605
975
1710
2000
785
1390
845
1485
905
1585
965
1690
1035
1800
3000
835
1465
895
1565
960
1670
1030
1780
1100
1900
4000
890
1545
955
1650
1020
1760
1095
1880
1170
2010
5000
945
1630
1015
1740
1090
1865
1165
1990
1245
2125
6000
1010
1720
1085
1845
1160
1975
1245
2110
1330
2255
7000
1075
1825
1155
1955
1240
2090
1325
2235
1420
2390
8000
1145
1930
1235
2070
1325
2215
1415
2370
1515
2535
IMPORTANT
l
Short field technique as specified on page 62.

Decrease distances 10% for each 9 knots of headwind. For operation with tail winds up to
10 knots, increase distances by 10% for each 2 knots.
For operation on dry grass runway, increase distances by 15% of the "ground roll" figure.
67
Performance Charts
AT 2700 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 20
Cowl Flaps OPEN
Lift Off: 50 KIAS
Zero Wind

0C
10C
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
510
925
545
985
585
1050
625
1115
665
1185
1000
540
975
580
1035
620
1100
665
1170
710
1245
2000
575
1020
615
1090
660
1160
705
1230
755
1310
3000
610
1075
655
1145
700
1220
750
1300
800
1380
4000
650
1130
695
1205
745
1285
800
1370
850
1455
5000
690
1195
740
1275
795
1355
850
1445
910
1540
6000
735
1260
790
1345
845
1435
902
1530
970
1630
7000
785
1330
845
1420
905
1520
965
1620
1035
1725
8000
840
1410
900
1505
965
1605
1030
1715
1100
1825
IMPORTANT
l

68
Performance Charts
AT 2300 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 20
Cowl Flaps OPEN
Lift Off: 45 KIAS
Zero Wind

0C
10C
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
355
660
380
700
410
745
435
790
465
835
1000
380
695
405
735
435
780
465
830
495
880
2000
400
760
430
775
460
820
490
870
525
925
3000
425
765
455
815
490
865
525
915
560
970
4000
455
805
485
855
520
910
555
965
595
1025
5000
485
845
520
900
555
960
595
1020
635
1080
6000
515
895
550
950
590
1015
630
1075
675
1145
7000
550
945
590
1005
630
1070
675
1140
720
1210
8000
585
995
630
1065
675
1130
720
1205
770
1280
IMPORTANT
l

69
Performance Charts
MAXIMUM RATE OF CLIMB
AT 3100 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps UP
2400 RPM, 32 in.hg. and Mixture Set at 24 GPH
Cowl Flaps OPEN
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Climb Speed
(KIAS)
Sea Level
Rate of Climb (FPM)

-20C
0C
20C
40C
84
1165
1095
1020
950
2000
83
1125
1050
975
900
4000
83
1085
1005
930
850
6000
82
1040
960
875
795
8000
82
995
910
830
745
10,000
82
950
865
780
695
12,000
81
905
815
730
640
14,000
81
855
760
670
585
16,000
81
805
715
625
540
18,000
80
755
665
575
495
20,000
80
705
610
530
450
70
Performance Charts
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB
AT 3100 POUNDS
MAXIMUM RATE OF CLIMB
CONDITIONS:
Flaps UP
2400 RPM, 32 in.hg. and Mixture Set at 24 GPH
Cowl Flaps OPEN
Standard Temperature
From Sea Level
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Climb Speed
(KIAS)
Rate of
Climb
(FPM)
Time
(Minutes)
Fuel Used
(Gallons)
Distance
(NM)
Sea Level
84
1040
0.0
2000
83
1010
0.8
4000
83
980
1.6
6000
82
945
2.4
8000
82
915
3.3
12
10,000
82
885
10
4.2
16
12,000
81
855
13
5.1
19
14,000
81
820
15
6.1
23
16,000
81
790
18
7.1
28
18,000
80
760
20
8.1
32
20,000
80
725
23
9.2
37
IMPORTANT
l
Add 2.0 gallons of fuel for engine start, taxi and takeoff allowance.
Increase time, fuel and distance by 10% for each 10C above standard temperature.
Distances shown are based on zero wind.
71
Performance Charts
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB
AT 3100 POUNDS
NORMAL CLIMB - 95 KIAS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps UP
2400 RPM, 25 in.hg. or Mixture Set at 16 GPH
Cowl Flaps OPEN
Standard Temperature
From Sea Level
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Climb Speed
(KIAS)
Rate of
Climb
(FPM)
Time
(Minutes)
Fuel Used
(Gallons)
Distance
(NM)
Sea Level
95
560
0.0
2000
95
545
1.0
4000
95
530
2.0
12
6000
95
510
11
3.0
19
8000
95
495
15
4.1
26
10,000
95
470
19
5.2
34
12,000
95
440
24
6.3
42
IMPORTANT
l
Add 2.0 gallons of fuel for engine start, taxi and takeoff allowance.
Increase time, fuel and distance by 10% for each 8C above standard temperature.
Distances shown are based on zero wind.
72
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
AT PRESSURE ALTITUDE SEA LEVEL
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Recommended Lean Mixture
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-5C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
15C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
35C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
88
81
74
65
57
87
79
72
63
55
85
77
70
60
54
46
81
73
66
58
51
44
77
69
63
56
49
41
139
134
130
123
115
138
133
128
121
114
137
132
127
118
112
104
134
129
124
116
110
100
132
126
121
114
107
97
18.4
16.2
14.3
12.4
10.9
16.9
15.1
13.5
11.7
10.5
15.7
14.1
12.7
11.0
10.1
8.9
14.7
13.1
11.9
10.5
9.6
8.4
13.7
12.3
11.2
10.1
9.1
8.0
83
76
70
62
54
82
75
68
59
52
80
73
66
56
51
44
76
69
63
54
48
41
73
66
59
52
46
39
139
134
129
122
114
138
133
128
120
113
137
132
126
117
111
102
134
129
123
115
108
98
132
126
120
113
105
94
16.8
14.9
13.4
11.7
10.4
15.7
14.0
12.7
11.1
10.0
14.7
13.2
12.0
10.5
9.6
8.5
13.7
12.4
11.3
10.0
9.1
8.1
12.9
11.7
10.7
9.6
8.7
7.6
78
72
66
58
50
77
70
64
56
49
75
68
62
53
48
41
72
65
59
51
45
39
68
62
56
49
43
37
138
133
128
121
113
137
132
126
118
111
136
130
125
116
109
98
133
127
122
113
106
94
130
124
118
111
102
90
15.4
13.8
12.5
11.1
9.9
14.5
13.1
11.9
10.5
9.5
13.8
12.4
11.4
10.0
9.2
8.1
12.9
11.7
10.7
9.5
8.7
7.7
12.1
11.0
10.1
9.2
8.3
7.2
IMPORTANT
l
For best economy, operate at peak T.I.T.
Power settings not approved for cruising are indicated by dashes.

73
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
AT PRESSURE ALTITUDE 2000 FEET
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-9C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
11C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
31C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--83
76
67
59
88
81
74
65
57
86
78
71
62
55
48
82
74
67
59
53
45
78
71
64
57
50
43
--138
133
127
119
141
136
132
124
118
140
135
130
122
116
107
137
132
127
120
113
104
135
129
124
117
110
100
--16.6
14.7
12.8
11.2
17.2
15.4
13.8
12.0
10.8
15.9
14.3
13.0
11.4
10.3
9.2
14.8
13.3
12.1
10.8
9.8
8.7
13.9
12.5
11.4
10.3
9.3
8.2
84
78
71
63
56
83
76
69
61
54
81
74
67
58
52
45
77
70
64
56
50
43
73
67
60
54
47
40
142
138
133
126
118
141
136
131
124
116
140
135
129
121
114
102
137
132
126
119
111
101
134
129
123
116
108
97
17.1
15.3
13.7
12.0
10.7
15.9
14.3
12.9
11.4
10.2
14.9
13.4
12.2
10.8
9.8
8.8
13.9
12.5
11.5
10.3
9.3
8.3
13.0
11.8
10.8
9.8
8.9
7.8
79
73
67
60
52
78
71
65
57
51
76
69
63
55
49
43
73
66
60
53
47
40
69
63
57
50
44
38
142
137
131
124
116
141
135
130
122
114
139
133
128
120
112
102
136
130
125
117
109
98
133
127
121
114
105
93
15.7
14.1
12.8
11.3
10.2
14.8
13.3
12.1
10.8
9.7
13.9
12.6
11.6
10.3
9.4
8.4
13.0
11.8
10.9
9.8
8.9
7.9
12.3
11.2
10.3
9.3
8.4
7.4
IMPORTANT
l

74
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-13C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
7C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
27C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--84
77
69
61
--82
75
67
59
87
79
72
64
57
50
83
75
69
61
54
47
79
72
65
58
51
44
--141
137
130
123
--140
135
128
121
143
138
133
126
119
111
140
135
130
123
116
107
137
132
128
120
113
103
--17.1
15.1
13.2
11.6
--15.7
14.1
12.4
11.0
16.1
14.5
13.2
11.7
10.5
9.5
15.0
13.5
12.3
11.1
10.0
8.9
14.0
12.7
11.6
10.5
9.5
8.4
86
79
73
65
57
84
77
71
63
56
82
75
68
61
53
47
78
71
65
58
51
44
74
68
61
55
48
42
145
141
136
129
122
144
140
134
129
120
143
138
132
125
118
109
140
135
129
122
114
105
137
132
126
119
111
100
17.5
15.7
14.0
12.4
11.0
16.2
14.6
13.2
11.7
10.5
15.1
13.6
12.4
11.2
10.0
9.1
14.1
12.7
11.6
10.5
9.5
8.5
13.1
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
80
75
68
61
54
79
72
66
59
52
77
70
64
57
50
44
73
67
61
54
48
42
70
63
57
51
46
39
145
140
135
128
120
144
138
133
126
118
142
136
131
124
115
106
139
133
128
120
112
101
136
130
124
117
108
96
16.0
14.4
13.0
11.6
10.5
15.0
13.6
12.4
11.1
10.0
14.1
12.8
11.7
10.6
9.6
8.6
13.1
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.1
8.1
12.4
11.3
10.4
9.5
8.6
7.6
IMPORTANT
l

75
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-17C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
3C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
23C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--85
78
70
62
--83
76
68
60
88
80
73
66
58
51
83
76
70
62
55
48
79
72
66
59
52
45
--144
140
134
126
--143
138
132
124
146
141
136
130
122
114
143
138
133
126
119
110
140
135
129
123
116
106
--17.3
15.4
13.5
11.8
--15.9
14.3
12.7
11.3
16.3
14.7
13.4
12.0
10.7
9.7
15.1
13.7
12.4
11.3
10.2
9.1
14.1
12.8
11.7
10.6
9.6
8.6
86
80
74
66
59
85
78
72
64
57
83
75
69
62
55
48
79
72
66
59
52
46
74
68
62
56
49
43
149
144
139
133
125
147
143
137
131
123
146
141
135
129
121
112
143
138
132
125
117
108
140
134
128
122
114
103
17.7
15.9
14.2
12.6
11.2
16.3
14.8
13.4
12.0
10.7
15.2
13.8
12.6
11.4
10.2
9.3
14.2
12.9
11.8
10.7
9.7
8.7
13.2
12.1
11.1
10.1
9.2
8.2
81
75
69
62
55
79
73
67
60
53
78
71
65
58
51
45
74
68
62
55
49
43
70
64
58
52
46
40
148
143
138
131
123
147
141
136
129
121
145
139
134
127
118
109
142
136
130
123
114
104
138
133
127
119
110
98
16.2
14.6
13.2
11.9
10.7
15.1
13.7
12.5
11.3
10.2
14.2
12.9
11.9
10.8
9.7
8.8
13.2
12.1
11.2
10.2
9.2
8.3
12.4
11.4
10.5
9.6
8.7
7.8
IMPORTANT
l

76
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-21C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-1C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
19C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--85
79
71
63
--83
77
69
61
88
81
74
67
59
52
84
77
70
63
56
49
79
73
66
60
53
46
--147
143
137
129
--146
141
135
127
149
144
139
132
125
117
146
141
136
129
122
113
143
138
132
126
118
109
--17.3
15.5
13.7
12.0
--15.9
14.5
12.9
11.4
16.3
14.8
13.5
12.2
10.9
9.9
15.2
13.8
12.6
11.4
10.3
9.3
14.1
12.9
11.8
10.7
9.7
8.7
86
80
74
67
60
85
78
72
65
58
83
76
70
63
56
49
79
72
66
60
53
46
75
69
62
56
50
44
152
147
142
136
128
150
145
140
134
126
149
144
138
132
124
115
156
140
135
128
120
110
142
137
131
125
116
106
17.8
15.9
14.4
12.8
11.3
16.4
14.8
13.5
12.1
10.9
15.3
13.9
12.7
11.5
10.4
9.4
14.2
12.9
11.9
10.8
9.8
8.9
13.3
12.2
11.2
10.2
9.3
8.3
81
75
70
63
56
80
73
68
61
54
78
71
66
59
52
46
74
68
62
56
50
44
70
64
59
53
47
41
151
146
141
134
126
150
144
139
132
123
148
142
137
130
121
111
145
139
133
126
117
106
141
135
129
122
113
101
16.2
14.6
13.3
12.0
10.8
15.2
13.8
12.6
11.4
10.3
14.2
13.0
12.0
10.9
9.9
9.0
13.3
12.2
11.2
10.3
9.3
8.4
12.5
11.5
10.6
9.7
8.8
7.9
IMPORTANT
l

77
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
AT PRESSURE ALTITUDE 10,000 FEET
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-25C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-5C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
15C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--85
79
72
64
--83
77
70
62
88
81
75
68
60
53
84
77
71
64
57
50
79
73
67
60
54
47
--150
146
140
132
--149
144
138
130
152
147
142
135
128
120
149
144
138
132
125
116
146
140
135
129
121
111
--17.3
15.7
13.9
12.2
--16.0
14.6
13.1
11.6
16.4
14.9
13.6
12.3
11.1
10.0
15.2
139
12.7
11.5
10.4
9.4
14.1
13.0
11.9
10.9
9.8
8.8
87
80
75
68
60
85
78
73
66
59
83
76
71
64
57
50
79
73
67
60
54
47
75
69
63
57
51
44
155
150
145
139
131
154
148
143
137
129
152
146
141
135
127
118
149
143
138
131
122
113
145
139
134
127
118
108
17.8
15.9
14.5
13.0
11.5
16.4
14.9
13.6
12.3
11.0
15.3
14.0
12.9
11.7
10.5
9.6
14.3
13.0
12.0
11.0
9.9
9.0
13.3
12.2
11.3
10.3
9.4
834
81
75
70
64
57
80
74
68
62
55
78
72
66
60
53
47
74
68
63
57
50
45
70
65
59
54
48
42
154
148
144
137
128
152
147
142
135
126
151
145
140
133
124
114
147
142
136
128
119
109
144
138
132
124
115
103
16.2
14.7
13.4
12.2
10.9
15.2
13.8
12.8
11.6
10.4
14.3
13.1
12.1
11.1
10.0
9.1
13.3
12.2
11.3
10.4
9.4
8.6
12.5
11.5
10.6
9.8
8.9
8.0
IMPORTANT
l

78
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-29C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-9C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
11C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--85
79
73
64
--83
77
70
62
88
81
74
67
60
54
84
77
71
64
59
50
79
73
67
60
54
47
--153
148
143
135
--151
146
140
133
155
150
144
138
130
122
152
146
141
134
127
118
148
143
137
131
122
113
--17.3
15.7
14.0
12.2
--16.0
14.6
13.1
11.6
16.3
14.8
13.6
12.3
11.1
10.1
15.2
13.8
12.6
11.5
10.4
9.5
14.1
12.9
11.9
10.9
9.9
8.9
87
80
75
69
61
85
78
73
66
59
83
76
70
64
57
50
79
73
67
60
54
48
75
69
63
57
51
45
158
152
148
142
134
156
151
145
139
131
155
149
143
137
128
119
151
145
140
133
124
114
147
120
136
129
120
109
17.8
15.9
14.5
13.1
11.6
16.4
14.9
13.6
12.3
11.0
15.3
13.9
12.8
11.6
10.5
9.6
14.2
13.0
11.9
10.9
9.9
9.0
13.3
12.2
11.3
10.3
9.4
8.5
81
75
70
65
57
80
74
68
62
55
78
72
66
60
53
47
74
68
63
57
51
45
70
65
59
54
48
42
156
151
146
140
131
155
149
144
138
128
153
147
142
134
125
115
150
144
138
130
121
110
146
140
133
126
116
104
16.2
14.6
13.5
12.3
11.0
15.2
13.8
12.7
11.6
10.5
14.2
13.1
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.1
13.3
12.2
11.3
10.4
9.5
8.6
12.5
11.5
10.6
9.8
9.0
8.1
IMPORTANT
l

79
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
28
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-33C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-13C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
7C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--85
80
73
65
--83
77
70
63
88
81
74
67
60
54
83
77
70
64
57
51
79
73
67
60
54
48
--155
151
145
137
--154
149
43
135
158
452
146
140
132
124
154
148
43
136
128
119
150
145
139
133
124
114
--17.2
15.8
14.1
12.3
--15.9
14.6
13.2
11.7
16.3
14.8
13.5
12.3
11.1
10.1
15.1
13.8
12.6
11.5
10.5
9.5
14.1
12.9
11.9
10.9
9.9
9.0
87
80
75
69
61
85
78
73
66
59
83
76
70
63
57
51
79
72
66
60
54
48
74
69
63
57
51
45
160
155
150
144
136
159
153
148
142
133
157
151
145
139
130
121
153
148
142
135
126
113
150
144
138
130
121
110
17.8
15.8
14.6
13.2
11.6
16.4
14.8
13.6
12.4
11.1
15.2
13.9
12.7
11.6
10.5
9.6
14.2
12.9
11.9
10.9
10.0
9.1
13.2
12.2
11.3
10.3
9.4
8.5
81
75
71
65
57
80
73
68
62
55
78
72
66
60
53
48
74
68
62
57
51
45
70
64
59
54
48
42
159
153
149
143
133
157
152
147
140
130
156
150
144
136
126
116
152
146
140
132
122
1111
148
142
135
127
117
104
16.2
14.6
13.5
12.3
11.0
15.2
13.8
12.7
11.6
10.5
14.2
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.2
13.2
12.2
11.3
10.4
9.5
8.6
12.4
11.5
10.6
9.8
9.0
8.1
IMPORTANT
l

80
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-37C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-17C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
3C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--88
84
80
73
65
--86
82
77
70
63
--83
80
73
67
60
--79
76
70
64
57
--76
72
67
60
54
48
--161
158
154
148
140
--159
156
151
145
137
--157
154
148
142
133
--154
151
145
138
130
--150
147
141
134
126
116
--18.2
17.1
15.8
14.2
12.4
--16.6
15.8
14.5
13.1
11.7
--15.4
14.7
13.4
12.2
11.0
---14.4
13.7
12.5
11.5
10.4
--13.4
12.8
11.9
10.8
9.9
9.0
--83
80
75
69
61
--81
78
72
66
59
--79
76
69
63
56
--75
72
66
60
54
--71
68
63
57
51
45
--160
157
153
147
138
--158
155
150
144
135
--156
153
147
140
131
--153
150
144
136
127
--149
146
140
132
123
111
--16.7
15.7
14.6
13.2
11.7
--15.5
14.7
13.5
12.4
11.1
--14.4
13.8
12.6
11.6
10.5
--13.5
12.9
11.9
10.9
9.9
--12.6
12.1
11.2
10.3
9.4
8.6
--78
75
71
65
58
--76
73
68
62
55
--74
71
65
59
53
--70
68
62
56
50
--67
64
59
54
48
43
--159
156
151
145
135
--157
154
149
141
131
--155
152
145
137
127
--151
148
141
133
123
--147
144
137
128
117
104
--15.3
14.5
13.5
12.4
11.0
--14.3
136.7
12.7
11.6
10.5
--13.5
12.9
11.9
10.9
10.0
--12.6
12.1
11.2
10.3
9.4
--11.9
11.5
10.6
9.8
9.0
8.2
IMPORTANT
l

81
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-41C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-21C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
-1C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--87
84
79
73
65
--85
81
76
70
62
--82
79
73
66
59
--79
76
69
63
56
--75
72
66
60
54
48
--163
160
156
151
142
--161
158
153
147
139
--159
156
150
143
134
--156
153
147
140
131
--152
149
143
136
127
117
--18.0
16.9
15.7
14.2
12.4
--16.4
15.6
14.4
13.1
11.6
--15.1
14.5
13.2
12.1
10.9
--14.2
13.6
12.4
11.4
10.4
--13.3
12.8
11.8
10.8
9.9
9.0
--82
79
75
69
62
--80
77
72
66
59
--78
75
68
62
56
--74
71
65
60
53
--71
68
62
57
51
45
--162
159
155
150
140
--160
157
152
146
136
--158
155
149
141
131
--155
152
145
137
127
--151
148
141
133
123
112
--16.5
15.5
14.5
13.2
11.7
--15.3
14.5
13.4
12.3
11.0
--14.2
13.6
12.5
11.4
10.4
--13.3
12.8
11.8
10.8
9.9
--12.6
12.1
11.2
10.3
9.4
8.6
--77
74
70
65
58
--75
72
67
62
55
--73
70
64
59
52
--70
67
62
56
50
--67
64
59
53
48
43
--161
158
154
147
137
--159
156
150
143
132
--157
154
146
138
127
--153
150
142
134
122
--149
145
138
129
118
103
--15.1
14.3
13.4
12.4
11.1
--14.2
13.5
12.6
11.6
10.4
--13.3
12.8
11.8
10.8
9.9
--12.5
12.0
11.1
10.3
9.4
--11.8
11.4
10.6
9.8
9.0
8.2
IMPORTANT
l

82
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
3100 Pounds
Cowl Flaps CLOSED
RPM
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
MP
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
28
27
26
24
22
20
18
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-45C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-25C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
-5C
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
%MCP
KTAS
GPH
--86
83
79
73
65
--84
81
76
70
62
--81
78
72
65
58
--78
75
69
63
56
--75
72
66
60
54
48
--165
162
159
153
145
--163
160
156
150
140
--161
158
152
145
135
--158
155
149
141
132
--155
152
145
137
128
118
--17.8
16.7
15.6
14.2
12.4
--16.2
15.4
14.2
13.0
11.6
--14.9
14.3
13.1
11.9
10.8
--14.0
13.4
12.3
11.3
10.3
--13.3
12.7
11.7
10.8
9.8
9.0
--82
78
75
69
62
--79
76
71
66
58
--76
74
68
62
55
--73
71
65
59
53
--70
68
62
57
51
46
--165
162
158
152
142
--162
159
155
148
138
--160
157
150
142
132
--157
154
146
139
128
--154
150
143
134
124
112
--16.3
15.4
14.4
13.2
11.7
--15.1
14.3
13.3
12.2
11.0
--14.0
13.4
12.3
11.3
10.3
--13.2
12.6
11.7
10.8
9.8
--12.5
12.0
11.1
10.3
9.4
8.6
--77
73
70
65
58
--74
71
67
62
55
--72
69
64
58
52
--69
66
61
56
50
--66
64
58
53
48
43
--163
160
156
149
138
--161
158
152
144
133
--158
155
147
138
126
--154
151
143
134
122
--150
147
139
130
117
103
--14.9
14.2
13.4
12.4
11.1
--14.0
13.4
12.5
11.5
10.4
--13.1
12.6
11.6
10.7
9.8
--12.3
11.9
11.0
10.2
9.3
--11.8
11.4
10.5
9.8
8.9
8.2
IMPORTANT
l

83
Performance Charts
SHORT FIELD LANDING DISTANCE
AT 2950 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps FULL
Power IDLE
Maximum Braking
Zero Wind
0C
10C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
560
1300
580
1335
600
1365
620
1400
640
1435
1000
580
1265
600
1365
620
1400
645
1440
665
1475
2000
600
1370
625
1405
645
1440
670
1480
590
1515
3000
625
1410
645
1445
670
1485
695
1525
715
1560
4000
650
1450
670
1485
695
1525
720
1565
740
1600
5000
670
1485
695
1525
720
1565
745
1610
770
1650
6000
700
1530
725
1575
750
1615
775
1660
800
1700
7000
725
1575
750
1615
780
1665
805
1710
830
1750
8000
755
1625
780
1655
810
1715
835
1760
865
1805
IMPORTANT
l

If landing with flaps UP, increase the approach speed by 10 KIAS and allow for 40% longer
distances.
84
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without the express written consent of Flight1 Software.
2011 Flight1 Software. All rights reserved.
Release Version 1.0 - 07.05.2011
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