Cessna 177 Cardinal Pilot's Guide

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II
CESSNA
177B CARDINAL II
for Flight Simulator X
Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com
table of contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Important Information............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
PC Performance......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Reinstalling Your Software.................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Aircraft Data.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Symbols and Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Flight Planning..........................................................................................................................................................................................................10
Selecting Your Aircraft...........................................................................................................................................................................................11
Creating a New Default Flight...........................................................................................................................................................................11
Beginning With a Cold and Dark Cockpit...................................................................................................................................................11
Control Setup and Realism Settings..............................................................................................................................................................12
Auxiliary Control Panel..........................................................................................................................................................................................13

Virtual Cockpit...........................................................................................................................................................................................................15
Pilot's Panel - Flight Instruments......................................................................................................................................................................20
Pilot's Panel - Engine and Systems Gauges..............................................................................................................................................23
Switch Panels, Engine Control Panel and Center Pedestal...............................................................................................................25
Co-Pilot's Panel and Radio Stack....................................................................................................................................................................29
Autopilot.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................33
Limitations...................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
Normal Procedures................................................................................................................................................................................................38
Performance Charts...............................................................................................................................................................................................44
INTRODUCTION
The Cessna 177B Cardinal II is a lightweight, high-wing General Aviation aircraft that was intended to replace the
Cesnna 172 Skyhawk. First announced in 1967, the Cardinal was produced from 1968 through 1978.
When Cessna engineer's began designing the Cardinal, not only did they want a replacement for the Skyhawk,
they wanted to implement new technologies into the design. The resulting design included a cantilever wing
with a laminar flow airfoil - the only production high-wing single-engined Cessna since the 190 and 195 series
to have both fixed landing gear and a cantilever wing without strut bracing. To improve visibility and situational
awareness, the pilot was moved forward ahead of the wing leading edge. In addition, a powerful yet lightweight
engine was used to improve performance.
The Cessna 177B Cardinal II modeled in this software package features a Lycoming 4-cylinder, air-cooled engine
with a constant speed propeller. It can safely and efficiently fly up to four people approximately 600 nautical miles
at a cruise speed of approximately 130 knots.
The instrument panel features the standard assortment of flight and engine gauges, in addition to dual Garmin
GNS430 GPSs, an S-TEC 55X autopilot, a Garmin GMA340 audio panel and a Garmin GTX327 transponder.
An Auxiliary Control Panel allows you to choose custom options for your aircraft, including the ability to choose
an option that allows the use of RealityXP radio stack gauges, should you choose to do so.
On behalf of Flight1 Software and the development team members, I invite you to experience the Flight1 Software
Cessna 177B Cardinal II for Flight Simulator X and thank you for your continued patronage.
Many happy landings!
Jim Rhoads
Flight1 Software
important information
About This Pilot's Guide
Please read through this Pilot's Guide to become familiar with the Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II. The
aircraft includes many features that you will want to familiarize yourself with. Taking the time to do this now will
allow you to get the most enjoyment out of your new software.
This software is designed for entertainment purposes only. Although we have designed the Cessna 177B
Cardinal II for Flight Simulator X to resemble and function as closely as possible the real full-scale aircraft, it
is not designed as a training device. Not all systems have been simulated, and some of those that have been
simulated may not be entirely functional or simulated to 100% accuracy.
Flight1 Software is not responsible for errors due to differences in functionality between any parts of the Cessna
177B Cardinal II for Flight Simulator X and the real full-scale aircraft. This includes, but is not limited to, the
aircraft model, flight performance, its instruments and limitations caused by Flight Simulator.
Flight Simulator X SP2 Requirements

The Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II requires Microsoft Flight Simulator X SP2, Acceleration or Gold
edition. This software is NOT compatible with Flight Simulator X SP1. For more information, and to download
Service Pack (SP2) for Flight Simulator X, please visit the Microsoft FSInsider website at www.fsinsider.com
Printing This Pilot's Guide

Even though this Pilot's Guide is designed in color to make it easy to
read on your computer screen, if you wish to print this Pilot's Guide
and save ink at the same time, please choose to print in Grayscale, via
your computers print dialog screen.
To ensure that the entire Pilot's Guide prints, make sure to choose
Reduce to Printer Margins and Auto-Rotate and Center in your Adobe
Acrobat Reader print dialog box.
Customer Support
Flight1 Software strives to provide timely, reliable support. The following support options are available:
For support related to passwords, order numbers, and key files, please visit our Automated Support System
at www.flight1.com/view.asp?page=service
If you need further support related to one or more of items above, please use our Support Ticket System at
www.flight1.com/ticket.asp
For technical product support related specifically to the Cessna 177B Cardinal II software package, please
visit our Technical Support Forum at www.simforums.com/forums/
Please note that the Support Ticket System should not be used for technical product support.
Continued On Next Page
important information
Pilot's Guide Overview
This Pilot's Guide is layed out in such a way to make it as easy as possible for you to become familiar with the
Cessna 177B Cardinal II software package. This Pilot's Guide covers many aspects of the aircraft, including, but
not limited to, the virtual cockpit, gauges, click-spots, aircraft systems, aircraft limitations, checklists and
performance charts.
Pilot's Guide Layout Example

Nearly every knob, switch, button, key and lever in the Cessna 177B Cardinal II can be clicked on and has an
associated function. The different sections of this Pilot's Guide detail each of the main panel sections and associated
aircraft functions.
Items that can be clicked on are referenced in red and items that cannot be clicked on, but have a feature associated
with it are referenced in orange. Knobs, levers and switches that have multiple click-spots associated with them
feature yellow boxes that surround the specific click-spot. Items such as keys, buttons and two-position switches
can be turned ON and OFF by simply clicking on them, therefore, no separate yellow box is displayed.
Each feature that is referenced has a corresponding number with a description of the specific feature and its
function. See the example below:
Function
Without Click-Spot
Switch with
Single Click-Spot
1
Rotary Knob with
Separate Click-Spots
1) AUTOPILOT - Click to turn the autopilot ON and OFF.
Feature / Function
Descriptions
2) HEADING BUG - The heading bug is used for heading select mode lateral navigation with the autopilot,
or it can be used as a heading reference when you're not using the autopilot.
3) HEADING ADJUSTMENT KNOB - Used to adjust the heading bug. Turning the knob to the right rotates
the heading bug clockwise and turning the knob to the left rotates the heading bug counter-clockwise.
Most aircraft system features are detailed and explained in the associated panel section. If any aircraft
systems require more detailed explanations, they will feature their own separate sections.
Items that don't have a click-spot or function reference associated with them are not modeled in this simulation.
A separate Pilot's Guide is installed with this software that details the use of the Garmin GNS430 GPS
included in this simulation. It's located in the Flight One Software/177 Cardinal folder in your Start Menu.
PC performance
In general, Flight Simulator X is more demanding on system resources than any past version of Flight Simulator
to date. This is mostly due to the added complexity of the scenery being displayed. The scenery is displayed at
a much higher resolution and there is much more autogen, more highly-detailed 3D models, moving traffic,
etc. After-market aircraft like the Cessna 177B Cardinal II are much more complex than the stock aircraft, so
even more demand is placed on your system - much more so than if you're using one of the default aircraft.
Because of this, it's important that you optimize your system to get the best performance out of it.
If your PC is at the high end of the recommended system specifications, you should be able to run the Cessna
177B Cardinal II without issue. If, however, your PC is near the bottom of the system recommendations you may
need to reduce some of your Flight Simulator settings to increase system performance. There are also changes
that you can make to your video card settings to improve system performance.
We've listed some recommendations to help improve system performance. Since computer systems are so
widely varied, these are general recommendations and may or may not help in all cases. It will be up to you to
experiment with different settings until you are satisfied with the results.
Ensure that you have installed the latest updates for both your Windows and Flight Simulator X installations
and defragment your hard drive regularly.
Many PCs have programs running in the background that are not necessary for use during gaming. Many of
these background tasks can be temporarily shut down to free up more processing power for Flight Simulator X.
Before launching Flight Simulator X, make sure to shut down any non-essential background tasks.
Video Card Settings
Flight Simulator Settings
Adjust the settings for your video card directly through your video card and not through Flight Simulator X.
In most cases, allowing your video card to control Anti-Aliasing and Anisiotropic Filtering is preferable to
allowing Flight Simulator X to control these settings. Keep in mind that although higher Anti-Aliasing and
Anisiotropic Filtering settings result in superior visuals, these settings can negatively affect Flight Simulator X
performance. You may need to lower these settings to find a balance between high-quality visuals and
acceptable performance. For ATI users, we recommend using ATI Tray Tools. For NVidia users, we recommend
using NVidia Inspector.
Some of the settings in Flight Simulator X that affect performance are autogen, AI aircraft, road traffic, scenery
complexity and water effects. These settings can cause even more of a performance hit if you are using add-on
software that enhance these aspects of Flight Simulator X. You may need to lower one or more of these settings
to find a balance between high-quality visuals and acceptable performance. Again, it will be up to you to
experiment with settings until you are satisfied with the results.
reinstalling your software

Backing Up Your Original Download File and Your Key File
After you've installed your software, please take a moment to back up your original download file (the file you
downloaded when you purchased the product - it has a red airplane icon and is labeled Flight One Purchasing
Module) and your key file, both of which are saved to your hard disc in the folder that you specified before the
download process. Both of these files should be backed up to a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM so that you can reinstall
the product in the future without needing to redownload it.
Do not back up the Extracted Program File that's located in your C:\Flight One Software folder. In most cases
this file cannot be used to reinstall the product. If you reinstall the product using this file, you will most likely
receive a license error when you run the software. Always be sure to back up and reinstall from the original file
that you downloaded when you first made your purchase.
Reinstalling Your Software

Temporarily turn off any anti-virus software and any other disc utilities that may be running in the background.
Double-click the original download file (the Flight One Purchasing Module) to run the installation wrapper.
If your PC is NOT connected to the Internet, choose the License Transfer option and follow the on-screen prompts.
On the main installation wrapper screen, press the Click Here to Reinstall button, or press the Optional Flight1
Login if you originally chose the keyless installation method.
Click Here
to Reinstall
Ensure that your PC is connected to the Internet, then follow the on-screen prompts to select your key file and
enter your password (or enter your Flight1 login and password). Once your purchasing information is validated,
the software will be extracted to your hard disc and the installation will start automatically.
After the installation completes, reboot your computer before running the software for the first time. This will
ensure that any DLLs, fonts, etc., register with Windows and will ensure trouble-free use.
If you're using the Windows Vista or the Windows 7 operating system and are having trouble reinstalling your
software, please visit the Flight1 Windows Vista Online FAQ here: http://www.flight1.com/view.asp?page=vista
AIRCRAFT DATA
Engine
Manufacturer...........................................................................................................................................................................Textron Lycoming
Model..................................................................................................................................................................................................... O-360-A1F6D
Engine Type..................................................................................................................... Normally Aspirated, Direct-Drive, Carbureted
Number of Cylinders............................................................................................................................ 4-Cylinder, Horizontally Opposed
Horsepower......................................................................................................................................................................180 BHP at 2700 RPM
Propeller
Manufacturer....................................................................................................................................................McCauley Propeller Systems
Number of Blades..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Diameter.......................................................................................................................................................................................................76 Inches
Type..................................................................................................................................................................................................Constant Speed
Fuel
Approved Fuel Grades................................................100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue) / 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (Green)
Total Fuel Capacity............................................................................................................................................................... 50.00 U.S. Gallons
Total Usable Fuel................................................................................................................................................................... 49.00 U.S. Gallons
Oil
Total Oil Capacity...................................................................................................................................................................................9.0 Quarts
Exterior Dimensions
Overall Length.............................................................................................................................................................................27 Feet 8 Inches
Overall Height................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Feet 7 Inches
Wing Span.....................................................................................................................................................................................35 Feet 6 Inches
Wing and Power Loadings

Wing Loading.................................................................................................................................................. 14.4 Pounds Per Square Foot
Power Loading...............................................................................................................................................13.9 Pounds Per Horse Power
Weights
Maximum Baggage Weight.......................................................................................................................................................... 120 Pounds
Payload
Maximum Takeoff Weight............................................................................................................................................................2500 Pounds
Standard Empty Weight................................................................................................................................................................1560 Pounds
Useful Load............................................................................................................................................................................................ 940 Pounds
AIRCRAFT DATA
Altitudes
Service Ceiling.......................................................................................................................................................................................14,600 Feet
Basic Performance
Top Speed, Sea Level..............................................................................................................................................................................139 KIAS
Cruise Speed, 75% Power at 10,000 Feet......................................................................................................................................130 KIAS
Cruise Range at 10,000 Feet (75% Power, 49 Gallons, No Reserve)..............................735 Miles / 4.9 Hours / 130 KIAS
Rate of Climb, Sea Level........................................................................................................................................................................840 FPM
Maximum Range at 10,000 Feet (49 Gallons, No Reserve).................................................820 Miles / 6.5 Hours / 109 KIAS
Takeoff Distance, Sea Level, Ground Roll......................................................................................................................................750 Feet
Takeoff Distance, Sea Level, Distance Over 50 Foot Obstacle........................................................................................1400 Feet
Landing Distance, Ground Roll............................................................................................................................................................600 Feet
Landing Distance, Distance Over 50 Foot Obstacle..............................................................................................................1220 Feet
Airspeed Limitations
Stall Speed
Clean (VS)................................................................................................................................................................................................. 55 KIAS
Landing Configuration (VSO).......................................................................................................................................................... 46 KIAS
Maximum Flap Extended Speed (VFE)
Flaps - 10..............................................................................................................................................................................................113 KIAS
Flaps - 10 to 30.................................................................................................................................................................................. 91 KIAS

Maneuvering Speed (VA)
2500 Pounds.........................................................................................................................................................................................102 KIAS
2100 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 93 KIAS

1700 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 84 KIAS
Never Exceed Speed (VNE)..................................................................................................................................................................161 KIAS
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed (VNO).................................................................................................................................135 KIAS
symbols and abbreviations

V-Speed Symbols
VSO Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable in the landing
configuration at maximum gross weight.
VS
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft is controllable.
VFE
Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended
position.
VA
Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which you may use abrupt control travel.
symbols and abbreviations

V-Speed Symbols, Continued....
VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air, and
then only with caution.
VNE Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time.
VX
Best Angle of Climb Speed provides the best altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance, and is usually
used for clearing obstacles during takeoff.
VY
Best Rate of Climb Speed provides the best altitude gain in the shortest amount of time.
VG
Best Rate of Glide Speed provides the best glide distance in an engine-out scenario.
VR
Rotation Speed. The speed at which the aircraft's nosewheel leaves the ground.
VMC
Minimum Control Speed in an engine out situation.
VREF Reference Speed. The landing reference speed or threshold crossing speed.
VSW
Stall Warning Speed. Speed at which the stall warning alarm will occur.
Airspeed Terminology
KCAS Knots Calibrated Airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error and
expressed in knots. Knots calibrated airspeed is equal to KTAS in standard atmosphere at sea level.
KIAS
Indicated Airspeed in Knots.
KTAS True Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air which is the CAS corrected for
altitude, temperature and compressibility.
Meteorological Terminology
OAT
Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature obtained either from in-flight temperature
indications or ground meteorological sources, adjusted for instrument error and compressibility effects.
ISA
Standard Temperature is 15C at sea level pressure altitude and decreases by 2C for each 1000 feet of
altitude.
PA
Pressure Altitude is altitude measured from the standard sea level pressure of 29.92 in Hg by a pressure
of barometric altimeter.
flight planning
A flight plan can be created and modified directly through the GPS or a flight plan can be created prior to your
flight through the Flight Simulator flight planner.
Once the Flight Simulator flight plan is saved and you load the aircraft, the saved flight plan will be automatically
displayed on the GPS when the aircraft is loaded.
If creating a flight plan directly through the GPS, please refer to the separate GNS430 User's Guide installed with
this software. It's located in the Flight One Software/177 Cardinal folder in your Start Menu.
10
selecting your aircraft

The Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II is located under Cessna in the Flight Simulator Aircraft Manufacturer
drop-down box and under Flight One Software in the Flight Simulator Publisher drop-down box.
Three different stock liveries are available to choose from:
G-BEBN White | Blue
N30597 White | Dark Blue
C-GZSF White | Green
In order to see all available liveries, make sure that 'Show all Variations' is selected in the Flight Simulator
aircraft selection screen.
creating a new default flight

When you load the Default Flight in Flight Simulator X, you will be flying out over water. This is not the best situation for
loading your aircraft, so we recommend creating a new default flight to load your Cessna 177B Cardinal II from.
To create a new default flight, first load the default Flight Simulator flight, move the aircraft to the active runway of
your choice, then save the flight as the new default flight. Load the new default flight, then SWITCH to the Cessna
177B Cardinal II (using the Aircraft drop-down selection in the Flight Simulator Menu Bar) and set up your flight
parameters, such as location, time, weather, etc.
To prevent problems with panel initialization and aircraft performance upon loading the Cessna 177B Cardinal II
into Flight Simulator X, we strongly advise that you first load the Flight Simulator X Default Flight, then switch to
the Cessna 177B Cardinal II. This will ensure that previously saved panel settings from previous aircraft will not
interfere with the operation of the aircraft. Just some of the problems you might encounter if you don't load the
Cessna 177B Cardinal II as suggested are fuel draw imbalance issues, unusual autopilot behavior and flight
trimming issues.
As an alternative to the procedures above, Flight1 Software offers a Flight Simulator X Safe Startup file
which can be downloaded and installed into Flight Simulator X. This takes the guess-work out of creating
the default flight. This file creates a default flight that helps ensure that the aircraft's panel will initialize properly,
ensuring trouble-free performance. It can be downloaded from www.flight1software.com/files/FSXSafeStartup.exe.
beginning with a cold and dark cockpit

In the default configuration, when you load the Cessna 177B Cardinal II into Flight Simulator, all aircraft systems
are up and running. If you would prefer to start out with the aircraft Cold and Dark instead, follow the procedures
below:
Create and load the default Flight Simulator flight as described above.
Manually shut down all of the aircraft systems and save the flight as 'Cold and Dark'. You also have the option of
making it your new default flight. If you do this, all subsequent flights will be Cold and Dark.
Switch to the Cessna 177B Cardinal II using the Flight Simulator Aircraft drop-down menu. The aircraft should
now load into Flight Simulator Cold and Dark.
If you make the Cold and Dark flight your default flight, all aircraft you load into Flight Simulator will load in a
Cold and Dark state.
11
control setup and realism settings

We recommend using the Flight Simulator Control Settings and Realism Settings to ensure the most accurate
rendition of the Cardinal's flight dynamics in your Flight Simulator setup. The Cardinal's flight dynamics are
programmed using these settings as a starting point, so using these same settings will generally result in the
intended flight dynamics 'feeling' across many different user's systems.
Control Settings
To change your input device's control settings, use the Flight Simulator Settings - Controls menu. Choose
Options | Settings | Controls from the Flight Simulator Menu Bar, then choose the Calibration tab.
For Sensitivity and Null Zone we recommend using

the Default Values. We also recommend using the
Default Values for Keyboard Sensitivity.
Realism Settings
To change your realism settings, use the Flight Simulator Settings - Realism menu. Choose Aircraft | Realism
Settings from the Flight Simulator Menu Bar.
We suggest the following settings:

Flight Model: All set to Realistic (full right)
Flight Controls: Do NOT check Autorudder
Engine: Do NOT check Enable Automixture
Instruments and Lights: Choose Display Indicated
Airspeed.
All other options can be set to the level of realism
you prefer.
We don't recommend Enabling Gyro Drift.
12
Auxiliary Control Panel

Auxiliary Control Panel Overview
The Auxiliary Control Panel allows the user to change different options related to the aircraft. In addition, aircraft
services and the aircraft Quick Reference Guide are also accessed through the Auxiliary Control Panel.
Opening and Closing the Auxiliary Control Panel

The Auxiliary Control Panel can be accessed anytime the Cessna 177B Cardinal II is loaded into Flight Simulator,
regardless of the current view. For example, you can open the Auxiliary Control Panel when the Virtual Cockpit view
is Active or when the External view is Active.
To Open the Auxiliary Control Panel, press 'Shift+2'.
To Close the Auxiliary Control Panel, either press 'Shift+2' a second time or click the Red 'X' in the upper right corner.
The Auxiliary Control Panel can also be accessed by choosing the Views | Instrument Panel | Auxiliary Control
Panel option from the Flight Simulator Menu Bar or by clicking on the N-number placard on the instrument panel.
Auxiliary Control Panel Functions

The options that can be chosen within the Auxiliary Control Panel are separated into tabs - Pilot & Co-Pilot, Virtual
Cockpit, Exterior, Fuel & Service and Quick Reference. Clicking on a tab will display the options available within
that group. When an option has a checkmark displayed, that option is Enabled. If there is no checkmark next to
an option, that option is Disabled. Click the selection box with your mouse to Enable or Disable an option.
Pilot & Co-Pilot:

Pilot is Visible - When Enabled, the pilot is visible inside the cockpit in the external view. When Disabled, the
pilot is not visible inside the cockpit in the external view.
Pilot Shades - When Enabled, the pilot is wearing sunglasses in the external view. When Disabled, the pilot
is not wearing sunglasses in the external view.
Co-Pilot is Visible - When Enabled, the co-pilot is visible inside the cockpit in the external view. When Disabled,
the co-pilot is not visible inside the cockpit in the external view.
Co-Pilot Shades - When Enabled, the co-pilot is wearing sunglasses in the external view. When Disabled,
the co-pilot is not wearing sunglasses in the external view.
13

Auxiliary Control Panel Functions, Continued....
Virtual Cockpit:
2X Flight1 GNS430 - When Enabled, the stock dual GNS430s will be installed into the radio stack.
1X RXP GNS430 - When Enabled, one RealityXP GNS430 will be installed into the top of the radio stack and
the stock GNS430 will remain in the bottom of the radio stack*. Also replaces the audio panel and transponder
with RealityXP units.
2X RXP GNS430 - When Enabled, two RealityXP GNS430s will be installed into the radio stack, replacing the
two stock GNS430s**. Also replaces the audio panel and transponder with RealityXP units.
*Requires that a single RealityXP GNS430 gauge pack be purchased separately and installed.
**Requires that the RealityXP Ultimate Expansion Pack be purchased separately and installed.
When you select a different Virtual Cockpit configuration, the aircraft will automatically reload, so it is
recommended that you choose the desired configuration on the ground, prior to setting up a flight. In addition,
because the configuration change is directly written to the aircraft.cfg file, it's important that Windows UAC be
disabled or permissions be given, otherwise the configuration may not change as desired.
When the 1X RXP GNS430 option is Enabled, the RealityXP GNS430 and stock GNS430 will not support
cross-talk interaction. In order for both GNS430s to cross-talk, you must choose either the 2X Flight1
GNS430 or the 2X RXP GNS430 option**.
Exterior:
Left Door Open - When Enabled, opens the left cabin door. When Disabled, closes the left cabin door.
Right Door Open - When Enabled, opens the right cabin door. When Disabled, closes the right cabin door.
Baggage Door Open - When Enabled, opens the baggage door on the left side of the aircraft. When Disabled,
closes the baggage door.
Wheels Chocked* - When Enabled, displays the main gear wheel chocks. When Disabled, removes the
main gear wheel chocks.
Pitot Cover* - When Enabled, displays the pitot cover over the pitot tube. When Disabled, removes the pitot
cover from the pitot tube.
Engine Inlet Covers* - When Enabled, displays the engine intake covers inside the engine intakes. When
Disabled, removes the engine intake covers from inside the engine intakes.
Cabin Sun Reflector* - When Enabled, displays the cabin sun reflector inside the windshield. When
Disabled, removes the cabin sun reflector from inside the windshield.
*The following options can ONLY be Enabled when the engine is OFF - Wheels Chocked, Pitot Cover, Engine
Inlet Covers and Cabin Sun Reflector. These options cannot be Enabled if the engine is running.
Fuel & Service:
Call Fuel Truck - When pressed, initiates the default Flight Simulator fuel truck to come to your aircraft for
refueling. Not all Flight Simulator airports feature a fuel truck.
14

Auxiliary Control Panel Functions, Continued....
Reload Aircraft - When pressed, clears any failures, refreshes the gauges, then displays the instrument
panel. This is useful after initiating failures from within Flight Simulator.
Quick Reference:
Displays aircraft reference information, such as specifications, take-off distances, cruise speed, etc.
virtual cockpit
Virtual Cockpit Overview
The Virtual Cockpit is an immersive 3D environment that features many different animations and multiple lighting
options, in addition to the near fully-clickable instrument panel. All flight instruments, switches, etc., including the
dual GNS430 GPSs and other radio stack functions are controlled from within the Virtual Cockpit.
Press F9 at any time on your keyboard to display the virtual cockpit.
Use the standard Flight Simulator view commands to move around within the Virtual Cockpit. Use keystrokes
to move your view back and forth and up and down, and hold down the space bar while you move your mouse
to pivot your view. Default Flight Simulator view commands can be found by choosing Options | Settings |
Controls | Buttons/Keys | Views from the Flight Simulator Menu Bar.
This aircraft is designed to be flown from within the Virtual Cockpit. It doesn't include a 2D cockpit or
instrument panel.
2D Radio Stack Pop-Up Panel

We've included a 2D pop-up panel of the radio stack, which some user's may find more user-friendly.
To Open and Close the 2D radio stack pop-up panel, click a GPS screen or the transponder screen, or press
'Shift+3'.
15
virtual cockpit
Virtual Cockpit Views
In addition to the main Virtual Cockpit view, pressing 'A' or 'Shift-A' on your keyboard will cycle forward or backward
through the following custom views: Left Seat Look Left > Left Seat Oblique Left > Left Seat Oblique Right > Left
Seat Look Right > Right Seat > Right Seat Oblique Left > Levers > Pilots Side Panel.
Due to the way Flight Simulator views work, when you cycle through the available views, there will be a blank
view (no Virtual Cockpit displayed). To return to the Virtual Cockpit, press the 'A' key or 'Shift-A' again.
Virtual Cockpit Interaction - Click-Spots

Interaction with VC functions, such as switches, knobs, levers, etc., is done using left mouse clicks and/or your
mouse's rotary knob. If a function can be clicked on, your mouse pointer will turn into a hand when you hover
over the switch, knob, lever, etc.
Two-Position Switches - For two-position switches, such as the autopilot switch, CDI source switch and
lighting switches, click on the switch to flip it or rotate it.
Multi-Position Switches - For multi-position switches, such as the magnetos switch, click in either direction
enough times to move the switch into the desired position. For example, to turn the magnetos switch from
OFF to START, hover your mouse over the right side of the switch and click four times.
Rotary Knobs - For rotary knobs, such as the multi-function knobs on the GNS430 GPS or the heading
bug control knob, the click-spot locations will vary. In general, click on the left side of the knob to rotate it
counter-clockwise and click on the right side of the knob to rotate it clockwise. You will notice that when you
hover your mouse over the click-spots on these knobs, a '+' or '-' sign will appear in the hand, indicating
the direction of switch travel, '+' for clockwise and '-' for counter-clockwise.
Levers and Wheels - For levers and wheels, such as the throttle, propeller and mixture controls, or the
elevator and rudder trim wheels, use the click-and-drag method to control them. Click and HOLD, then
move the mouse in the desired direction of travel.
Most functions can also be controlled using your mouse's scroll wheel. Scroll forward to rotate a knob to the
right, rotate a wheel forward, or push a lever in. Scroll backward to rotate a knob to the left, rotate a wheel
backward or pull a lever out. Using the scroll wheel is especially convenient when used with rotary knobs.
Hiding the Control Yokes

To make it easier to access switches and view gauges that are behind the control yokes, the control yokes can
be hidden. Click the base of the control yokes to Hide or Show them.
16
virtual cockpit
Instrument Panel Layout
The instrument panel consists of five main sections. These include the pilot's panel, the left switch panel, the
engine control panel and right switch panel, the co-pilot's panel and the center pedestal.
Pilot's Panel Layout:
The pilot's panel features all the standard flight instruments and navigation and systems gauges you would
expect to find, all mounted in an arrangement that makes it easy to find what you're looking for in a quick and
safe manner.
1
24
8
23
22
10
21
20
19
18 17
16
15
14
13
12
11
1) Airspeed Indicator
13) Oil Temperature Gauge
2) Autopilot Annunciator
14) Horizontal Situation Indicator (NAV1)
3) Attitude Indicator (Artificial Horizon)
15) Oil Pressure Gauge
4) Autopilot On/Off Switch
16) Fuel Gauge (Left Tank)
5) CDI Source Switch
17) Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge
6) N-Number Placard - Click to Open Auxiliary Panel
18) Amperes Gauge
7) NAV2 VOR Gauge
19) Carburetor Inlet Temperature Gauge
8) Altimeter
20) Fuel Pressure Gauge
9) RPM Indicator
21) Vacuum Suction Gauge
10) Vertical Speed Indicator
22) Turn Coordinator
11) Manifold Pressure Gauge
23) Standby Attitude Indicator (Artificial Horizon)
12) Fuel Gauge (Right Tank)
24) Clock
17
virtual cockpit
Instrument Panel Layout, Continued....
Co-Pilot's Panel Layout:
The co-pilot's panel features the radio stack and the wing flaps control lever. The radio stack includes an S-TEC
55X autopilot, two Garmin GNS430 GPSs, a Garmin GMA340 audio panel and a Garmin GTX327 transponder.
1
2
1) S-TEC 55X Autopilot
4) Wing Flaps Control Lever with Position Indicator
2) Garmin GNS430 (GPS1)
5) Garmin GTX327 Transponder
3) Garmin GNS430 (GPS2)
6) Garmin GMA340 Audio Panel
Center Pedestal Layout:
The center pedestal features the rudder trim wheel. In addition,

mounted on the floor near the base of the center pedestal, is the fuel
selector valve handle.
1) Rudder Trim Wheel
2) Fuel Selector Valve Handle
19
virtual cockpit
Virtual Cockpit Animations
In addition to the standard animations, such as knobs, switches, levers, control yokes, rudder pedals, etc., this
section lists the other custom user-controlled animations that are available in the Virtual Cockpit.
Sun Visors - Click on each sun visor to raise or lower them.

Vent Windows - Click the vent window handles to open or close either vent window.
Cabin Doors - Click the door handles to open or close either cabin door.
pilot's panel - flight instruments

Flight Instruments Overview
This section provides information about the aircraft's flight instruments. Many of the standard flight instrument
gauges you would expect to find are mounted in an arrangement that makes it easy to find what you're looking
for in a quick and safe manner.
Flight Instruments Click-Spots and Functions
1) WING INDICATOR ADJUSTMENT KNOB - This knob is used to adjust the wing indicator to align with the
horizon bar. This allows adjustment to the height of the pilot. Preferably, the adjustment should be made
when level on the ground, prior to takeoff. Turning the knob to the right raises the wing indicator and turning
the knob to the left lowers the wing indicator. In Flight Simulator, both adjustment knobs are synced together.
Adjusting one automatically adjusts the other.
20

Flight Instruments Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
2
7 8 9
10
11
2) HORIZON BAR - Separates the top (sky) and bottom (ground) halves of the attitude indicator ball. When
the horizon bar moves down, the aircraft is pitching up and when the horizon bar moves up, the aircraft is
pitching down. Hash marks both above and below the horizon bar are printed at 10 and 20.
3) BANK INDICATOR - The bank indicator is used in conjunction with the bank angle hash marks to determine
the current bank angle of the aircraft. Bank angle hash marks are printed starting in 10 increments as
follows: 10, 20, 30, 45 and 90.
4) WING INDICATOR - Indicates the current position of the aircraft's wing. This part of the instrument is stationary
and is always parallel with the wing of the aircraft.
5) AIRSPEED SCALE - Indicates the aircraft's current speed in knots. The colored bands indicate the aircraft's
airspeed ranges as follows: Red Line (Maximum Speed), Yellow Band (High Cruise Caution Range), Green
Band (Normal Operating Range), White Band (Full Wing Flap Operating Range).
6) MPH SCALE - Indicates the aircraft's current speed in miles per hour.
7) BAROMETER ADJUSTMENT KNOB - This knob is used to adjust the barometer setting to match the current
local altimeter setting. Turning the knob to the right increases the barometer value and turning the knob to
the left decreases the barometer value.
8) MILLIBARS KOLLSMAN WINDOW - Displays the barometric scale in millibars. The scale can be adjusted by
turning the barometer adjustment knob to match the current local altimeter setting.
9) CROSSHATCH FLAG - Indicates that the aircraft is below or above 10,000 feet. When the aircraft is below
10,000 feet, the crosshatch flag is visible. The crosshatch flag will slowly disappear as the aircraft climbs and
approaches 10,000 feet. Over 10,000 feet, the crosshatch flag will no longer be visible.
10) HG KOLLSMAN WINDOW - Displays the barometric scale in Inches of Mercury (Hg). The scale can be
adjusted by turning the barometer adjustment knob to match the current local altimeter setting.
11) OBS ADJUSTMENT KNOB - Used to adjust the VOR2 compass ring. Turn the knob to the right to rotate
the compass ring counter-clockwise and turn the knob to the left to rotate the compass ring clockwise. The
compass ring is generally set to the VOR radial course as indicated by the yellow triangle at the top of the gauge.
21

12
13
14
15
19 18 17
16
12) GLIDESLOPE DEVIATION INDICATOR NAV2 - Indicates whether the aircraft has deviated above or below
its intended glideslope path. When the deviation indicator is above the centerline, this indicates the aircraft
is below the glideslope and when the deviation indicator is below the centerline, this indicates the aircraft is
above the glideslope.
13) TO/FROM INDICATOR NAV2 - Indicates the current position of the aircraft relative to the NAV2 navigation
source. When the triangle is pointed up, the aircraft has not yet reached the navigation source (TO). When
the triangle is pointed down, the aircraft has passed the navigation source (FROM).
14) SOURCE INDICATOR FLAG NAV2 - Indicates whether the NAV2 navigation source is Active or not. A red flag
indicates Inactive and no flag indicates Active.
15) LATERAL DEVIATION INDICATOR NAV2 - Indicates whether the aircraft has deviated right or left of the
selected course. When the deviation indicator is left the centerline, this indicates the aircraft is right of the
selected course and when the deviation indicator is right of the centerline, this indicates the aircraft is left of
the selected course.
16) GLIDESLOPE DEVIATION INDICATOR NAV1 - Indicates whether the aircraft has deviated above or below
its intended glideslope path. This indicator is present only when a valid NAV1 approach frequency is tuned
and Active. When the triangle is above the centerline, this indicates the aircraft is below the glideslope and
when the triangle is below the centerline, this indicates the aircraft is above the glideslope.
17) HEADING ADJUSTMENT KNOB - Used to adjust the heading bug. Turning the knob to the right rotates the
heading bug clockwise and turning the knob to the left rotates the heading bug counter-clockwise.
18) TO/FROM INDICATOR NAV1 - Indicates the current position of the aircraft relative to the NAV1 navigation
source. When the triangle is pointed up, the aircraft has not yet reached the navigation source (TO). When
the triangle is pointed down, the aircraft has passed the navigation source (FROM).
19) LATERAL DEVIATION INDICATOR NAV1 - Indicates whether the aircraft has deviated right or left of the
selected course. When the deviation indicator is left the centerline, this indicates the aircraft is right of the
selected course and when the deviation indicator is right of the centerline, this indicates the aircraft is left of
the selected course.
22

23 22
21 20
20) COURSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB - Used to adjust the course pointer. Turning the knob to the right rotates
the course pointer clockwise and turning the knob to the left rotates the course pointer counter-clockwise.
When a VOR or ILS frequency is tuned to NAV1 and the HSI CDI switch is set to NAV, the course pointer
should be adjusted to match the desired course radial. When the HSI CDI switch is set to GPS, the course
pointer should be adjusted to match the current GPS course leg heading.
21) HEADING BUG - The heading bug is used for heading select mode lateral navigation with the autopilot, or
the it can be used as a heading reference when you're not using the autopilot. The heading but is adjusted
using the heading adjustment knob.
22) SLIP/SKID INDICATOR - The turn coordinator features a slip/skid indicator ball which indicates whether the
aircraft is slipping, skidding or in balanced flight. When the ball is centered, the aircraft is in balanced flight.
When the ball is on the inside (wing down side) of a turn, the aircraft is slipping. When the ball is on the
outside (wing up side) of a turn, the aircraft is skidding. The rudder is used to keep the ball centered.
23) TURN COORDINATOR - Indicates the aircraft's current turn rate. 'L' and 'R' hash-marks indicate Right and
Left standard turn rates. A standard turn means the aircraft will complete a 360 turn in 2 minutes.
pilot's panel - Engine and systems gauges

Engine and Systems Gauges Overview
This section provides information about the aircraft's engine and systems gauges. These gauges are mounted in
an arrangement that makes it easy to find what you're looking for in a quick and safe manner. While all gauges
are important, the gauges mainly used during flight are the RPM gauge, the manifold pressure gauge and the
fuel gauges.
Most gauges feature colored bands to indicate different operating ranges. Red lines indicate the maximum or
minimum operating value. Green bands indicate the normal operating range and yellow bands indicate the
cautionary operating range. Operating with indications in the red range is prohibited. Operating with indications
in the yellow range should be avoided.
23
pilot's panel - Engine and systems gauges

Engine and Systems Gauges Overview, Continued....
Remember, to make it easier to read the lower engine and system gauges, click the base of the control
yoke to hide it.
12
3
11
10
1) RPM SCALE - Indicates the current propeller RPM in RPM x 100.

2) HOBBS METER - Records and displays engine operating time (in hours).
3) MANIFOLD PRESSURE - Indicates the current engine manifold pressure in InHg from 10 to 50 InHg.
4) OIL TEMP - Indicates the current engine oil temperature in Celcius from 0 to 245C.
5) L.FUEL/R.FUEL - Indicates the amount of fuel from E (Empty) to F (Full) in the left and right wing fuel tanks.
6) OIL PRESS - Indicates the current engine oil pressure in PSI from 0 to 100 PSI.
7) AMPERES - Indicates the current DIS/CHG (Discharge/Charge) status of the aircraft's battery.
8) CYL HEAD TEMP - Indicates the engine's current cylinder head temperature in Celcius from 200 to 500C.
9) CARB TEMP - Indicates the engine's current carburetor temperature in Celcius from -20 to 20C.
10) SUCTION - Indicates the current vacuum suction pressure. If a vacuum failure occurs, any vacuum gauges,
such as the Attitude Indicator, will cease to function. To restore vacuum gauge operation, pull the Standby
Vacuum control knob ON.
11) FUEL PRESS - Indicates the current fuel pressure in PSI from 0 to 10 PSI. Fuel pressure should stay relatively
stable with the normal operating range, however, fuel pressure can be increased in specific situations by
turning the Fuel Pump ON.
12) CLOCK - Displays the current simulator time in a 12 hour format. The clock features a sweep second hand
that can be used as a visual timer for use during procedure turns, etc.
24
switch panels, engine control panel and center pedestal

This section details the functions of the various controls that are mounted on the left switch panel, the engine
control panel, the right switch panel and the center pedestal.
Left Switch Panel Overview

The left switch panel is installed below the pilot's panel to the left of the center pedestal. It consists of the
master switch, the magnetos switch, the avionics master switch, the interior and exterior lighting switches, the
parking brake, the fuel cut off control knob, the elevator trim wheel and more. Rocker switches are ON in the up
position and OFF in the down position.
Left Switch Panel Click-Spots and Functions

1
1) PRIMER - The primer control knob operates the engine primer. The engine should be primed prior to a cold
start. It's not necessary to prime a warm engine. In warm weather, prime the engine with one or two strokes,
and in cold weather, prime the engine with six strokes.
2) MASTER ALT - Controls the aircraft's alternator system. When in the ON position, electrical power is delivered
from the alternator. When in the OFF position, electrical power is provided by the battery. This switch should
be left in the ALT position, except during shutdown and startup procedures.
3) MASTER BAT - Controls the aircraft's battery system. This switch should be left in the BAT position, except
during shutdown and startup procedures.
4) FUEL PUMP - Controls the auxiliary fuel pump. The auxiliary fuel pump is electrically-driven and is used if
engine driven fuel pump pressure should fall below 2 PSI
It is not necessary to operate the auxiliary fuel pump during normal takeoff and landing, since gravity and the
engine-driven fuel pump will supply adequate fuel flow.
5) MAGNETOS - The magnetos and the starter motor are controlled by the magnetos switch. The engine
should be operated on both magnetos (BOTH position) except during magneto checks (see next page for
more information). The magnetos switch features five positions - OFF, R, L, BOTH and START. The R and L
positions are used for magneto checks. To control the magnetos switch, click the left-side click spot to turn the
magnetos switch left and click the right-side click-spot to turn the magnetos switch right. One click will move the
magnetos switch one step in the desired direction.
When the magnetos switch is moved to the START position during engine start, then released, it will
automatically return to the BOTH position.
25

Left Switch Panel Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
A magnetos check is usually done in the designated run-up area. With the parking brake set, increase power
to 1800 RPM. Turn the magnetos switch to R. You should notice a slight drop in RPM. Turn the magnetos switch to
BOTH and the RPM should increase back to 1800 RPM. Now turn the magnetos switch to L. Again, you should
notice a slight drop in RPM. Turn the magnetos switch to BOTH and the RPM should increase back to 1800
RPM once more. This completes the magnetos check.
6
10
11
6) INSTRUMENT LIGHTS - Controls the instrument panel's gauge backlighting.

7) PANEL FLOOD LIGHTS - Controls the instrument panel flood lights.
8) AVIONICS MASTER - Controls the aircraft's avionics bus. When ON, power is supplied to the avionics bus,
which powers the aircraft's avionics, such as the autopilot, GPSs, audio panel and transponder . The avionics
bus switch should be placed in the OFF position before turning the MASTER switch ON or OFF, or before
starting the engine.
9) PITOT HEAT - Controls the pitot heat system. Pitot heat should be turned ON if erroneous instrument readings
are suspected due to icing conditions.
Pitot heat should not be used for prolonged periods under non-icing conditions as the heating element may
overheat and be damaged. This aircraft should NOT be flown into know icing conditions.
10) EXTERIOR LIGHTS - Controls the aircraft's exterior lights.
NAV - Controls the navigation lights. The navigation lights are generally turned ON after engine start.
BCN - Controls the beacon on top of the tail. The beacon light is generally turned ON prior to engine start.
STROBE - Controls the strobe lights. The strobe lights are generally turned ON when turning onto the runway.
TAXI - Controls the taxi light. The taxi light is generally turned ON prior to taxi and left ON during flight for
enhanced visibility of the aircraft.
LDG - Controls the landing light. The landing light is generally turned ON when turning onto the runway,
then turned OFF shortly after takeoff. It is then turned ON prior to landing.
11) AVIONICS LIGHTS - Controls the radio stack backlighting.
26

Left Switch Panel Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
12
13
14
15
12) ELEVATOR TRIM WHEEL - The elevator trim wheel is used to manually adjust elevator trim during flight
to neutralize control yoke forces. Move the trim wheel forward to trim the nose DOWN and move the trim
wheel backward to trim the nose UP.
13) DOME LIGHTS - Controls the aircraft's overhead dome light.
14) PARK BRAKE - Controls the parking brake. It is used to help prevent the aircraft from rolling, either while
parked, or if desired, during the magnetos check/engine run-up test prior to takeoff. Pull OUT to engage
(handle horizontal) and push IN to release (handle vertical).
15) FUEL CUTOFF - Controls the flow of fuel to the engine. Pull OUT to Close the fuel shutoff valve and push IN
to Open the fuel shutoff valve. When pulled OUT fuel cannot flow to the engine and the engine will not start
or run.
Engine Control Panel and Right Switch Panel Overview

The engine control panel is installed directly above the center pedestal, between the left and right switch
panels, and features the carburetor heat, throttle, propeller and mixture control knobs. The right switch panel
is located below the co-pilot's panel and features the cabin control knobs, in addition to the standby vacuum
control knob.
Engine Control Panel and Right Switch Panel Click-Spots and Functions
1) CARB HEAT - Controls the carburetor heat function. When pulled ON, any accumulated carburetor ice will be
removed.
After starting the engine, avoid the use of carburetor heat unless icing conditions prevail. NEVER fly into known
icing conditions.
27

Engine Control Panel and Right Switch Panel Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
2
2) THROTTLE - The throttle control knob controls the engine's manifold pressure. Push the throttle control knob IN to
increase throttle and pull the throttle control knob OUT to decrease throttle. The manifold pressure gauge displays
the engine's current manifold pressure in InHg.
3) PROP RPM - The propeller control knob controls the engine's speed by changing the pitch of the propeller.
Push the propeller control knob IN to decrease propeller pitch and increase RPM. Pull the propeller control
knob OUT to increase propeller pitch and decrease RPM. The RPM gauge displays the current propeller RPM.
4) MIXTURE - The mixture control knob controls fuel flow to the engine. Push the mixture control knob IN to richen
the mixture and pull the mixture control knob OUT to lean the mixture.
For general information about where to set the throttle, propeller and mixture settings for different phases of flight,
see the Performance Charts on pages 44 through 57.
5) DEFROSTER - The defroster control knob controls the windshield defroster. Windshield defrost air is supplied
by ducts from the cabin manifold outlet on top of the glareshield.
6) STBY VAC - The standby vacuum control knob is used to provide a standby vacuum source in the event that
the vacuum system fails for any reason. The suction gauge should be checked regularly during flight to
ensure the needle does not fall out of the green band.
If the vacuum system fails, pull the standby vacuum control knob OUT to restore operation of vacuum-controlled
gauges, otherwise the vacuum control knob should be pushed IN all other times.
7) CABIN AIR/HEAT - Controls the cabin heating and ventilating system. When pulled ON, warm air from around
the engine's exhaust heat shroud is ducted into the cabin. When pushed OFF, preheated air is redirected into
the engine compartment.
Center Pedestal Overview

The center pedestal features the rudder trim wheel. In addition, mounted on the floor near the base of the center
pedestal, is the fuel selector valve handle.
28

Center Pedestal Click-Spots and Functions
1) RUDDER TRIM WHEEL - The rudder trim wheel is used to
manually adjust rudder trim during flight to neutralize
rudder pedal forces. Move the trim wheel right to trim the nose
RIGHT and move the trim wheel left to trim the nose LEFT.
Rudder trim is generally used during the cruise and descent
phases of flight to keep the nose straight.
2) FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE - The fuel selector handle is a

three-position selector valve with RIGHT, BOTH ON and
LEFT positions. When set to BOTH, fuel is drawn from both
wing tanks equally. When set to RIGHT, fuel is drawn only from
the right wing tank and when set to LEFT, fuel is drawn only
from the left wing tank.
2
To reduce the exaggerated fuel imbalances caused by Flight

Simulator, we recommend leaving the fuel selector in the BOTH
ON position.
co-pilot's panel and radio stack

Co-Pilot's Panel and Radio Stack Overview
This section provides information about the co-pilot's panel and the radio stack. The co-pilot's panel features
the radio stack and the wing flaps control lever. The radio stack includes an S-TEC 55X autopilot, two Garmin
GNS430 GPSs, a Garmin GMA340 audio panel and a Garmin GTX327 transponder.
For information about using the autopilot, see the Autopilot section on pages 33 through 35.
For information about using the Garmin GNS340 GPSs, see the separate GNS430 GPS User's Guide installed
with this software. It's located in the Flight One Software/177 Cardinal folder in your Start Menu.
Wing Flaps Control Lever Click-Spots and Functions

The wing flaps are electric-powered and are extended and retracted using the wing flaps control lever. The wing
flaps control lever features five positions: 0, 10, 15, 20 and 30. A position indicator to the left of the lever
indicates the current wing flaps position.
1
1) POSITION POINTER - The position pointer indicates the current position

of the wing flaps, either 0 (Full Up), 10, 15, 20 or 30 (Full Down).
2) WING FLAPS CONTROL LEVER - Controls the position of the wing flaps.
Lower the control lever to lower the wing flaps and raise the control lever
to raise the flaps.
29

Audio Panel Overview
A Garmin GMA340 audio panel is installed in the radio stack, directly above the transponder. It features a marker
beacon receiver and controls for selecting and managing different audio sources, including two COM receivers,
and two NAV receivers.
Audio Panel Click-Spots and Functions

The audio panel functions are controlled using the various function keys. A green annunciator indicates that
the current function is Active.
2
1
2
1) MARKER BEACON LAMPS - The marker beacon lamps will illuminate when passing over a marker beacon
to indicate the aircraft's lateral position on the runway approach. Unless muted, audible sounds will also be heard.
2) ON/OFF - Press to turn the audio panel OFF and ON.
3) MKR MUTE - Press to turn audible marker beacon sounds ON and OFF. When passing over a marker beacon
to indicate the aircraft's lateral position on the runway approach, audible sounds will be heard.
When the MKR MUTE annunciator is illuminated, marker beacon sounds will be heard. To mute marker
beacon sounds, press the MKR MUTE key to extinguish the annunciator.
4) COM1 - Press to turn COM1 audio OFF and ON.
5) COM2 - Press to turn COM2 audio OFF and ON.
6) NAV1 - Press to turn NAV1 receiver ident audio ON and OFF.
7) NAV2 - Press to turn NAV2 receiver ident audio ON and OFF.
8) TEST - Press and hold to test the function annunciators to ensure all annunciators illuminate. Release the
TEST key to extinguish Inactive annunciators.
9) COM 1/2 - Press the hear both COM1 and COM2 audio simultaneously.
In order to hear COM audio and NAV ident audio, a valid frequency must be tuned and the aircraft must be
within receiving range.
30

Transponder Overview
The Garmin GTX327 transponder provides altitude and location reporting functions, in addition to a pressure
altitude display, a flight time display, an altitude monitor, outside air temperature and density altitude display, a
count up timer and a count down timer.
The GTX327 is capable of both Mode A and Mode C operation and automatically switches between ALT and
GND modes when you take off and land.
Transponder Click-Spots and Functions

The different features included in the Garmin GTX327 transponder are controlled by pressing the various keys.
For example, pressing the FUNC key will allow you to choose functions such as the count up timer and altitude
monitor. Transponder codes are fast and easy to input using the numerical keys.
5
2
1) VFR - Press to set the transponder code to 1200. When pressed again, the previous code is restored.
2) IDENT - Press to activate the Special Position Identification pulse, identifying the transponder return from
others on the air traffic controller's screen.
Altitude information in Flight Simulator is given automatically, regardless of the transponder mode type
selected.
3) STBY - Press to place the transponder in standby mode. In standby mode, the Reply Indicator (R) will
extinguish and the transponder will display the last active identification code.
4) ON - Press to turn the transponder ON. The Power On Self Test screen stays visible for 5 seconds after turning
the transponder ON. During this time no other keys on the transponder will function.
5) ALT - Press to switch between Mode A only and Mode A and C. Altitude information in Flight Simulator is given
automatically, regardless of the transponder mode type selected.
6) OFF - Press to turn the transponder OFF.
7) DISPLAY - When powered ON, displays the current status, identification code and function selected.
8) FUNC - Press to switch between the various functions that the transponder supports. The following functions
are available by pressing the FUNC key:
Pressure Altitude - Displays the pressure altitude in hundreds of feet.
31

Transponder Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
8
10
11
12
Flight Time - Automatically records the aircraft's current flight time in hours, minutes and seconds. The
timer starts when you lift off and stops when you touch down.
Flight Time is accumulated regardless of the number of take-offs and landings per Flight Simulator
session. To reset the Flight Time, turn the transponder OFF, then back ON.
Altitude Monitor - Displays whether you are above or below the altitude selected by pressing the number 8
or number 9 numerical keys. An altitude value between 100 feet and 900 feet in 100 foot increments can
be selected. The altitude monitor will display your position either ABOVE or BELOW the selected altitude.
OAT/Density Altitude - Displays the current outside air temperature in C and the current density altitude.
Count Up Timer - Used to count up from 00:00:00 (hours, minutes and seconds). To start and stop the
Count Up Timer, press the START/STOP key. Press the CLR key to reset the timer to 00:00:00.
Count Down Timer - Used to count down from a preset time (hours, minutes and seconds). Repeatedly
press the CRSR key to highlight the desired field, then enter the desired digit using the numerical keys.
Repeat to enter the remaining digits. For example, to count down from ten minutes, press the CRSR key
and use the numerical keys to enter 00:10:00. To start and stop the Count Down Timer, press the
START/STOP key. Press the CLR key to reset the timer to 00:00:00. When the Count Down Timer reaches
00:00:00, EXPIRED will be displayed and the Count Down Timer will begin to count up.
9) CRSR - Press to cancel transponder code entry prior to entering the last digit.
10) CLR - Press to move the code entry cursor back one digit during code entry. If the cursor is returned to the
first code digit and the CLR key is pressed again, code entry is cancelled completely. In addition, press to
reset the count up and count down timers to 00:00:00.
The count up and count down timers must be stopped prior to resetting them to 00:00:00.
11) START/STOP - Press to start and stop the count up and count down timers.
12) NUMERICAL KEYS - Press numerical keys 0 to 7 to enter transponder codes. When a numerical key is
pressed, the number will be input and the cursor will move one digit to the right. After the last number is
entered, the transponder code will be active. Press numerical keys 8 and 9 to decrease or increase the altitude
monitor in 100 foot increments when using the altitude monitor function. The numerical keys are also used
to input a count down time.
32
autopilot
Autopilot Overview
The S-TEC 55X autopilot, mounted at the top of the radio stack, provides automated lateral and vertical aircraft
flight control. The system consists of the S-TEC 55X autopilot, an autopilot annunciator panel mounted above the
Attitude Indicator, an autopilot ON/OFF switch and a CDI source switch.
Operation consists of pressing the desired mode selector key, causing the appropriate annunciator to illuminate.
The roll computer receives signal inputs from the HSI lateral deviation indicator and the turn coordinator. It
computes roll servo commands for turns, radio intercepts and tracking. The pitch computer receives signal
inputs from the altitude pressure transducer, glideslope deviation indicator and vertical speed selector. It computes
pitch servo commands for vertical speed, altitude hold and glide slope intercept and tracking.
1
1) TEST - Press and hold to test the mode annunciators to ensure all annunciators illuminate. Release the TEST
button to extinguish Inactive annunciators.
2) AUTOPILOT ANNUNCIATOR - Displays whether the autopilot is turned ON or OFF and displays the current
Acitve autopilot mode in Green. When the autopilot is turned ON, AP will be displayed in White.
3) AUTOPILOT ON/OFF SWITCH - Turns the autopilot ON and OFF. The autopilot can also be turned ON
by pressing a mode selector key on the autopilot.
4) CDI SOURCE SWITCH - Switches the navigation source between NAV and GPS. When NAV is selected,
the autopilot will be driven by the NAV1 source (VOR, LOC, etc.). When GPS is selected, the autopilot will be
driven by the GPS (GPS Steering).
5) S-TEC 55X AUTOPILOT - Provides automated lateral and vertical aircraft flight control.
Autopilot Horizontal and Vertical Modes

The S-TEC 55X autopilot provides automated lateral and vertical aircraft flight control. The following lateral and
vertical modes are supported:
These Lateral modes are supported:
These Vertical modes are supported:
Heading Select (HDG)
Altitude Hold (ALT)
Navigation - (GPSS) / (VOR) / (LOC) / (BC)
Vertical Speed (VS)
Approach - (VOR) / (LOC)
Glideslope (GS)
33
autopilot
Autopilot Click-Spots and Functions
The autopilot is controlled using the mode selector keys along the bottom and the DECR/INCR rotary knob on
the right side. The autopilot status screen indicates the status of Active and Armed flight modes.
Do not Engage the autopilot while on the ground. In addition to being incorrect operation, Flight Simulator
features a bug that moves the elevator pitch trim to one extreme resulting in elevator trim problems.
1
Active flight modes are displayed on the autopilot status screen as solid. Armed flight modes are displayed
as flashing. To clear an Active or Armed flight mode, press that flight mode's key again.
1) HDG - Press the HDG key to Engage or Disengage Heading Select mode. HDG mode is a lateral mode that
commands the aircraft to fly the current heading indicated by the Heading Bug on the HSI.
2) NAV - Press the NAV key to Engage or Disengage Navigation mode. NAV mode is a lateral mode that
commands the aircraft to fly the current VOR, LOC or GPS course.
VOR/LOC Tracking - To track a VOR radial or the localizer, press the NAV key once. The CDI source
switch will switch to NAV and NAV will be displayed on both the autopilot annunciator and the autopilot
status screen. When the aircraft is within intercept capture range, the aircraft will turn toward the VOR
radial or localizer, intercept it and follow it.
GPS Tracking - To track a GPS course, press the NAV key twice. The CDI source switch will switch to
GPS, NAV will be displayed on the autopilot annunciator and NAV GPSS will be displayed on the autopilot
status screen. The aircraft will turn toward the GPS flight path, intercept it and follow it.
It's possible to have both HDG mode and NAV mode Active at the same time. Once the NAV source becomes
Active, HDG mode will automatically be disengaged. For example, you can fly a VOR radial intercept angle in
HDG mode with NAV mode Active (HDG and NAV will both be displayed on the autopilot status screen) and once
the aircraft is within intercept range, HDG mode will automatically be disengaged, the autopilot will switch to NAV
mode and the aircraft will turn to intercept the VOR radial.
3) AUTOPILOT STATUS SCREEN - Displays the current status of the autopilot and which autopilot modes, if
any, are Active (solid) or Armed (flashing).
4) APR - Press the APR key to Engage or Disengage Approach mode. APR mode is both a vertical and a lateral
mode that commands the aircraft to capture and track the ILS glideslope on approach. The aircraft is able to
fly fully-coupled ILS approaches with glideslope tracking.
To ensure correct ILS tracking during approach, use APR mode. In addition, to function correctly, the localizer
intercept angle should be 30 or less and you must capture the glideslope from below, not above.
34
autopilot
Autopilot Click-Spots and Functions, Continued....
5
5) REV - Press the REV key to Engage or Disengage Backcourse mode. When selected, backcourse mode
captures and tracks the localizer in the backcourse direction.
6) ALT - Press the ALT key to Engage or Disengage Altitude Hold mode. ALT mode is a vertical mode that
commands the aircraft to hold the current altitude at the time the selection is made.
7) VS - Press the VS key to Engage or Disengage Vertical Speed mode. VS mode is a vertical mode that
commands the aircraft to climb or descend at the specific rate selected using the DECR/INCR rotary knob.
While in VS mode, the aircraft will attempt to hold the currently selected VS setting regardless of power setting.
While in VS mode, it's important to watch your airspeed closely to prevent stalling, particularly at higher altitudes.
It will be necessary to lower your vertical speed at higher altitudes to maintain the proper climb speed.
8) DECR/INCR ROTARY KNOB - While in VS mode, rotate the DECR/INCR knob to change the selected vertical
speed rate in 100 foot increments. Rotate the DECR/INCR rotary knob clockwise to increase the vertical
speed rate and rotate the DECR/INCR rotary knob counter-clockwise to decrease the vertical speed rate.
Positive values will command the aircraft to climb and negative values will command the aircraft to descend.
When VS mode is Active, TRIM s or TRIM t will be displayed on the autopilot status screen to indicate that
the autopilot pitch trim servo is operating and in which direction.
This aircraft does not feature an altitude preselector. You must manually level off at the desired altitude, then
Engage ALT mode to hold your current altitude.
THIS SPACE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
35
limitations
Airspeed Limitations
Shown below are the aircraft's airspeed limitations shown in Knots (KIAS).
Stall Speed
Clean (VS)................................................................................................................................................................................................. 55 KIAS
Landing Configuration (VSO).......................................................................................................................................................... 46 KIAS
Maximum Flap Extended Speed (VFE)*
Flaps - 10..............................................................................................................................................................................................113 KIAS
Flaps - 10 to 30.................................................................................................................................................................................. 91 KIAS

Maneuvering Speed (VA)**
2500 Pounds.........................................................................................................................................................................................102 KIAS
2100 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 93 KIAS

1700 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 84 KIAS
Never Exceed Speed (VNE)***............................................................................................................................................................161 KIAS
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed (VNO)****.........................................................................................................................135 KIAS

*Do NOT exceed this speed with flaps down.
**Do NOT make full or abrupt control movements above this speed.
***Do NOT exceed this speed in any operation.
****Do NOT exceed this speed except in smooth air, and then only with caution.
Powerplant Limitations
Engine Manufacturer...........................................................................................................................................................Textron Lycoming
Engine Model Number................................................................................................................................................................. O-360-A1F6D
Maximum Power........................................................................................................................................................................................ 180 BHP
Engine Operating Limits for Takeoff and Continuous Operations
Maximum Engine Speed............................................................................................................................................................. 2700 RPM
Maximum Oil Temperature........................................................................................................................................................................ 245F
Oil Pressure, Minimum................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 PSI
Oil Pressure, Maximum.............................................................................................................................................................................100 PSI
Airspeed Indicator Markings

The table below shows the airspeed markings and their color code significance.
MARKING
Red Line
SIGNIFICANCE
KIAS VALUE
161
Maximum Speed for all Operations
Yellow Arc
135 to 161
Normal Operating Range in Smooth Air Only - Use Caution
Green Arc
57 to 135
Normal Operating Range
White Arc
49 to 91
Flap Operating Range (10 to 30)

36
limitations
Powerplant Instrument Markings
The table below shows the powerplant markings and their color code significance. Operating with indications in
the red range is prohibited. Operating with indications in the yellow range should be avoided.
RED
YELLOW
Tachometer (RPM)
____
Oil Temperature (F)
INSTRUMENT
GREEN
YELLOW
RED
(NORMAL RANGE)
(UPPER CAUTION)
(UPPER WARNING)
1700
2100 to 2700
1900
2700
____
____
____
____
25 PSI
____
60 to 90 PSI
Manifold Pressure (InHg)
____
____
15 to 24 InHg
Cylinder Head Temperature (F)
____
____
200 to 500F
E*
____
____
(LOWER WARNING) (LOWER CAUTION)
Oil Pressure (PSI)
Fuel Quantity (Gallons)
____
____
____
____
245F
100 PSI
____
500F
____
*0.5 gallons unusable each tank.
Weight Limitations
Maximum Takeoff Weight.............................................................................................................................................................2500 Pounds
Maximum Baggage Weight.......................................................................................................................................................... 120 Pounds
Service Ceiling
Service Ceiling....................................................................................................................................................................................... 14,600 Feet
Maneuver Limits
This aircraft is approved under ASTM standard F2245 and is intended for recreational and instructional flight
operations. In the acquisition of various pilot certificates certain maneuvers are required and these maneuvers
are permitted in this aircraft.
Maneuvers and Recommended Entry Speed
Chandelles.....................................................................................................................................................................................101 KIAS
Lazy Eights.....................................................................................................................................................................................101 KIAS
Steep Turns...................................................................................................................................................................................101 KIAS
Stalls (Except Whip Stalls)................................................................................................................................ Slow Deceleration
Spins (Flaps Retracted)...................................................................................................................................... Slow Deceleration
Load Factors
Flight Load Factors (Gross Weight - 2500 Pounds)
Flaps UP......................................................................................................................................................................................+3.8g to -1.52g
Flaps DOWN................................................................................................................................................................................................ +3.5g
37
NORmal procedures
Although we have designed the Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II to resemble and function as closely as
possible the real aircraft, it is not designed as a training device. Not all systems have been simulated, and some
of those that have been simulated may not be entirely functional or simulated to 100%. Although these
procedures are derived from the actual Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Operating Handbook, only procedures
that can be accomplished in this simulation are listed.
Normal Procedures Overview

This section contains information and flight profiles likely to be encountered during most daily flight operations.
The flight profiles in this section show detailed Normal Operating Procedures. They are general in nature. Actual
in-flight procedures may differ due to aircraft configuration, weight, weather, traffic, ATC instructions, etc.
Flap Settings
Approved Takeoff Range......................................................................................................................... UP to 15 (10 Recommended)
Approved Landing Range.................................................................................................................................................................UP to FULL
Airspeeds for Normal Operation

Unless otherwise noted, the following speeds are based on a maximum weight of 2500 pounds and may be
used for any lesser weight.
Takeoff:
Normal Climb..............................................................................................................................................................................65 to 75 KIAS
Short Field Takeoff, Flaps 15, Speed at 50 Feet.................................................................................................................. 57 KIAS
Enroute Climb, Flaps UP:
Normal............................................................................................................................................................................................75 to 85 KIAS
Best Rate of Climb, Sea Level........................................................................................................................................................ 79 KIAS
Best Rate of Climb, 10,000 Feet..................................................................................................................................................... 70 KIAS
Best Angle of Climb, Sea Level..................................................................................................................................................... 65 KIAS
Best Angle of Climb, 10,000 Feet.................................................................................................................................................. 65 KIAS
Landing Approach:
Normal Approach, Flaps UP................................................................................................................................................70 to 80 KIAS
Normal Approach, Flaps 30...............................................................................................................................................60 to 70 KIAS
Short Field Approach, Flaps 30................................................................................................................................................... 61 KIAS
Balked Landing:
Maximum Power, Flaps 20............................................................................................................................................................ 65 KIAS
Maximum Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speed:
2500 Pounds.........................................................................................................................................................................................102 KIAS
2100 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 93 KIAS
1700 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 84 KIAS
Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity:
Takeoff or Landing............................................................................................................................................................................... 16 KIAS
38
NORmal procedures
Preflight Inspection Checklist
[
Parking Brake...................................................................................................................................................... SET (Pull Full OUT)
Wing Flaps................................................................................................................................................................................................ 0
Fuel Selector Valve Handle..............................................................................................................................................BOTH ON
MAGNETOS Switch......................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
AVIONICS MASTER Switch.......................................................................................................................................................... OFF
MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT)................................................................................................................................................. OFF
Tiedowns......................................................................................................................................................................... DISCONNECT
Pitot Tube Cover......................................................................................................................................................................REMOVE
Engine Air Inlets Covers.......................................................................................................................................................REMOVE
Control Surfaces......................................................................................................................CHECK FOR FREE MOVEMENT
Before Starting Engine Checklist

[
Preflight Inspection..........................................................................................................................................................COMPLETE
Cabin Doors.................................................................................................................................AS DESIRED (Open or Closed)
Brakes............................................................................................................................................................................... TEST and SET
FUEL SHUTOFF Control Knob........................................................................................................................ON (Push Full IN)
Electrical Equipment ...................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
Starting Engine Checklist

[
MIXTURE Control Knob..................................................................................................................... FULL RICH (Push Full IN)
PROPELLER Control Knob................................................................................................................HIGH RPM (Push Full IN)
CARB HEAT Control Knob...........................................................................................................................COLD (Push Full IN)
MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT)...................................................................................................................................................ON
BCN Switch............................................................................................................................................................................................ON
PRIMER Control Knob........................................................ AS REQUIRED (1 to 6 Strokes. None if Engine is Warm)
THROTTLE Control Knob................................................................................................................ OPEN 1/2 INCH (Push IN)
Propeller Area................................................................................................................................................................................CLEAR
MAGNETOS Switch..................................................................................................START (Release When Engine Starts)
Before Takeoff Checklist

[
Parking Brake...................................................................................................................................................... set (Pull Full OUT)
Cabin Doors............................................................................................................................................................................... CLOSED
Flight Controls..................................................................................................................................................FREE and Correct
Elevator and Rudder Trim Control............................................................................................................ SET FOR TAKEOFF

39
NORmal procedures
Before Takeoff Checklist, Continued....
[
MIXTURE Control Knob.............................................................................................RICH (Push Full IN Below 3000 Feet)
Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch.........................................................................................................................CHECK (Then OFF)
Altimeter..................................................................................................................................................................................................SET
Fuel Quantity Indicators...................................................... CHECK (Verify Quantity is Correct Both Left and Right)
THROTTLE Control Knob...................................................................................................................................................1800 RPM

A) MAGNETOS Switch........................................................... CHECK (RPM Drop Should Not Exceed 150 RPM)
B) PROPELLER Control Knob...........................CYCLE (From High RPM to Low RPM; Return to High RPM)
C) CARB HEAT Control Knob..........................................................................................................CHECK for RPM Drop
D) Engine Instruments and Ammeter....................................................................................................................... CHECK
E) Suction Gauge............................................................................................................................................................... CHECK
AVIONICS MASTER Switch............................................................................................................................................................ON
Flight Instruments and Radios.........................................................................................................................CHECK and set
Wing Flaps....................................................................................................................................0 to 15 (10 Recommended)
NAV Light Switch.................................................................................................................................................................................ON
STROBE Light Switch........................................................................................................................................................................ON
PARKING BRAKE Handle.................................................................................................................................OFF (Push Full IN)
Normal Takeoff Checklist

[
Wing Flaps....................................................................................................................................0 to 10 (10 Recommended)
THROTTLE Control Knob............................................... FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM (Smoothly Push Full IN)
MIXTURE Control Knob..................................................................RICH (Above 3000 Feet, Lean for Maximum RPM)
Directional Control...............................................................................................................................................................MAINTAIN
Elevator Control..........................................................................................................................LIFT NOSEWHEEL AT 50 KIAS
Climb Airspeed................................................................................................................................................................65 to 75 KIAS
Wing Flaps............................................................................................................................................RETRACT (at Safe Altitude)
Maximum Performance/Short Field Takeoff Checklist

[
Wing Flaps..............................................................................................................................................................................................15
Brakes................................................................................................................................................................................................APPLY
THROTTLE Control Knob............................................... FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM (Smoothly Push Full IN)
Brakes..........................................................................................................................................................................................RELEASE
40
NORmal procedures
Maximum Performance/Short Field Takeoff Checklist
[
Elevator Control..............................................................................................................................................SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
Directional Control...............................................................................................................................................................MAINTAIN
Climb Airspeed.............................................................................................................. 60 KIAS (Until All Obstacles Cleared)
Wing Flaps..................................................RETRACT SLOWLY (Above 60 KIAS and When All Obstacles Cleared)
Normal Enroute Climb Checklist

[
Airspeed..............................................................................................................................................................................78 to 87 KIAS
THROTTLE Control Knob.....................................................................24 INCHES HG to FULL and 2500 to 2700 RPM
Maximum Performance Enroute Climb Checklist

[
Airspeed....................................................................................................80 KIAS at SEA LEVEL to 72 KIAS at 10,000 FEET
THROTTLE Control Knob....................................................................................................FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM
Cruise Checklist
[
Power..................................................................................................................15 to 24 INCHES HG and 2100 to 2700 RPM

(Select Combination to Give No More Than 75% Power)
Elevator and Rudder Trim.................................................................................................................................................... ADJUST
MIXTURE Control Knob...........................................................................................................LEAN (for Best Power Setting)

75% POWER

ALTITUDE
65% POWER
55% POWER
KTAS
NMPG
KTAS
NMPG
KTAS
NMPG
Sea Level
120
11.9
112
13.0
103
14.1
5000 Feet
125
12.4
117
13.6
106
14.5
10,000 Feet
130
Standard Conditions
12.9
121
14.1
109
14.9
Zero Wind
Descent Checklist
[
Power....................................................................................................................................................................................AS DESIRED
(With Less Than 10 Inches of Manifold Pressure,
Avoid Continuous Operation Between 1700 and 1900 RPM)
MIXTURE Control Knob...........................................................................RICH (or Lean for Smooth Engine Operation)
CARB HEAT Control Knob.........................................................................AS REQUIRED (to Prevent Carburetor Icing)
Altimeter..................................................................................................................................................................................................SET
41
NORmal procedures
Before Landing Checklist
[
MIXTURE Control Knob................................................................................................................................................................RICH
CARB HEAT Control Knob......................................ON (Pull Full OUT - Apply Full Heat Before Reducing Power)
PROPELLER Control Knob................................................................................................................HIGH RPM (Push Full IN)
LDG Light Switch.................................................................................................................................................................................ON
Autopilot................................................................................................................................................................................................. OFF
Normal Landing Checklist

[
Airspeed...................................................................................................................................................... 70 to 78 KIAS (Flaps UP)
Wing Flaps.............................................................................................................................................. AS DESIRED (See Below)

(0 to 10 Below 113 KIAS, 10 to 30 Below 91 KIAS)
Airspeed............................................................................................................................................. 61 to 70 KIAS (Flaps DOWN)
Touchdown.....................................................................................................................................................MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll............................................................................................................................... LOWER NOSEWHEEL GENTLY
Braking............................................................................................................................................................. MINIMUM REQUIRED
Directional Control................................................................................................................................MAINTAIN (with Rudder)

Note: Normal landing approaches can be made with power on or power off and at any
flap setting. Surface winds and air turbulence are usually the primary factors in
determining the most comfortable approach speeds. Slips are permitted with any desired
flap setting. Actual touchdown should be made with power off and on the main wheels
first. The nosewheel should be lowered smoothly to the runway as speed is diminished.
Note: When landing in a strong crosswind, use the minimum flap setting required for
the field length.
Short Field Landing Checklist

[
Airspeed...................................................................................................................................................... 70 to 78 KIAS (Flaps UP)
Wing Flaps..............................................................................................................................................................................................30
Airspeed..................................................................................................................................................................MAINTAIN 61 KIAS
Power.................................................................................................................... REDUCE TO IDLE (as Obstacle is Cleared)
Touchdown.....................................................................................................................................................MAIN WHEELS FIRST
Landing Roll............................................................................................................................... LOWER NOSEWHEEL GENTLY
Braking.......................................................................................................................................................................... APPLY HEAVILY
Wing Flaps....................................................................................................RETRACT (for Maximum Brake Effectiveness)
Directional Control................................................................................................................................MAINTAIN (with Rudder)

42
NORmal procedures
Balked Landing Checklist
[
THROTTLE Control Knob.............................................................................................. FULL and 2700 RPM (Push Full IN)
Wing Flaps...................................................................................................................................................................RETRACT to 20
Airspeed..........................................................................................................................................................................................65 KIAS
Wing Flaps..............................................................................................................................................................RETRACT (Slowly)
After Landing Checklist

[
Wing Flaps...............................................................................................................................................................................................UP
STROBE Light Switch...................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
Transponder......................................................................................................................................................................................STBY
Securing Aircraft Checklist

[
Parking Brake.......................................................................................................................................................................................SET
THROTTLE Control Knob..............................................................................................................................IDLE (Pull Full OUT)
Electrical Equipment and Radios.............................................................................................................................................. OFF
MIXTURE Control Knob............................................................................................................. IDLE CUTOFF (Pull Full OUT)
MAGNETOS Switch......................................................................................................................................................................... OFF
MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT)................................................................................................................................................. OFF
Fuel Selector Valve Handle..................................................................................................................................................... RIGHT
43
Performance Charts
Although we have taken great pains to ensure that the Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II flies as closely
to the real aircraft as possible, in some cases performance of the simulator aircraft may not match exactly the
performance of the real aircraft due to programming limitations of Flight Simulator.
This section contains the required performance data for aircraft operation. Performance data is shown in tabular
form to illustrate the effect of different variables. Detailed information is provided within the charts so that conservative
values can be selected and used to determine the particular performance figure with reasonable accuracy.
STALL SPEED
AT 2500 POUNDS - MOST REARWARD CENTER OF GRAVITY
CONDITIONS:
Power IDLE
ANGLE OF BANK
FLAP
SETTINGS
30
45
60
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
UP
52
55
56
59
62
65
74
78
15
45
50
48
54
54
59
64
71
30
40
46
43
49
48
55
57
65
STALL SPEED
AT 2500 POUNDS - MOST FORWARD CENTER OF GRAVITY
CONDITIONS:
Power IDLE
ANGLE OF BANK
FLAP
SETTINGS
30
45
60
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
UP
54
57
58
61
64
68
76
81
15
47
52
51
56
56
62
66
74
30
45
50
48
54
54
59
64
71
IMPORTANT
Maximum altitude loss during a stall recovery may be as much as 180 feet.
KIAS values are approximate.
44
Performance Charts
SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF DISTANCE
AT 2500 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 15
Full Throttle and 2700 RPM Prior to Brake Release
Paved, Level, Dry Runway
Lift Off: 52 KIAS
Zero Wind
Speed at 50 Feet: 57 KIAS

0C
10C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
675
1270
725
1355
775
1445
830
1545
890
1650
1000
735
1385
790
1480
850
1585
910
1695
970
1810
2000
805
1520
865
16525
930
1740
995
1865
1065
1995
3000
880
1670
950
1790
1015
1920
1090
2055
1170
2205
4000
965
1840
1040
1975
1115
2125
1200
2280
1285
2455
5000
1065
2035
1145
2195
1230
2360
1320
2545
14515
2745
6000
1170
2270
1260
2450
1355
2645
1455
2860
1560
3100
7000
1290
2540
1390
2750
1495
2985
1605
3240
-----
-----
8000
1425
2865
1535
3120
1655
3400
-----
-----
-----
-----
IMPORTANT
Short field technique as specified on pages 40 and 41.
Decrease distances 10% for each 9 knots of headwind. For operation with tail winds up to
10 knots, increase distances by 10% for each 2 knots.
Prior to takeoff from fields above 3000 feet elevation, the mixture should be leaned to give
maximum RPM in a full-throttle, static run-up.
Where distance value has been deleted, climb performance after lift-off is less than 150
FPM at takeoff speed.
45
Performance Charts
AT 2300 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 15
Lift Off: 52 KIAS
Zero Wind

0C
10C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
555
1050
595
1120
640
1195
685
1270
730
1355
1000
605
1145
650
1220
700
1300
745
1385
800
1480
2000
665
1250
710
1335
765
1425
815
1520
875
1620
3000
725
1365
780
1460
835
1560
895
1670
955
1785
4000
795
1500
855
1605
915
1720
980
1840
1050
1970
5000
870
1650
935
1770
1005
1900
1075
2035
1155
2185
6000
955
1825
1030
1960
1105
2105
1185
2265
1270
2435
7000
1055
2025
1135
2180
1220
2350
1305
2530
1400
2730
8000
1160
2260
1250
2440
1345
2635
1445
2850
1550
3090
IMPORTANT
46
Performance Charts
AT 2100 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 15
Lift Off: 52 KIAS
Zero Wind

0C
10C
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
450
865
485
920
520
980
555
1040
590
1105
1000
495
940
530
1000
565
1065
605
1130
645
1205
2000
535
1020
575
1090
615
1160
660
1235
705
1315
3000
585
1115
630
1190
675
1265
720
1350
770
1440
4000
640
1215
690
1300
740
1390
790
1480
845
1580
5000
705
1335
755
1425
810
1525
865
1630
930
1740
6000
770
1465
830
1570
890
1680
955
1800
1020
1925
7000
850
1620
910
1735
980
1860
1050
1995
1125
2140
8000
935
1790
1005
1925
1080
2070
1155
2225
1240
2390
IMPORTANT
47
Performance Charts
MAXIMUM RATE OF CLIMB
AT 2500 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps UP
Full Throttle
2700 RPM
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Climb Speed
(KIAS)
Sea Level
Rate of Climb (FPM)

-20C
0C
20C
40C
79
970
895
820
745
2000
77
850
780
705
635
4000
76
730
660
590
525
6000
74
610
545
480
410
8000
72
495
430
365
300
10,000
70
375
315
255
-----
12,000
68
260
200
140
-----
IMPORTANT
Mixture leaned above 3,000 feet for maximum power.
48
Performance Charts
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB
AT 2500 POUNDS
MAXIMUM RATE OF CLIMB
CONDITIONS:
Flaps UP
Full Throttle
2700 RPM
Standard Temperature
From Sea Level
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Temp
C
Climb
Speed
(KIAS)
Rate of
Climb
(FPM)
Time
(Minutes)
Fuel Used
(Gallons)
Distance
(NM)
Sea Level
15
79
840
0.0
1000
13
78
790
0.3
2000
11
77
740
0.7
3000
77
685
1.1
4000
76
635
1.5
5000
75
585
1.9
10
6000
74
535
2.3
12
7000
73
485
11
2.8
15
8000
-1
72
430
13
3.3
18
9000
-3
71
380
16
3.8
22
10,000
-5
70
330
19
4.5
26
11,000
-7
69
280
22
5.2
30
12,000
-9
68
230
26
6.0
36
IMPORTANT
Add 1.4 gallons of fuel for engine start, taxi and takeoff allowance.
Increase time, fuel and distance by 10% for each 10C above standard temperature.
Distances shown are based on zero wind.
49
Performance Charts
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB
AT 2500 POUNDS
NORMAL RATE OF CLIMB - 80 KIAS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps UP
24 Inches Hg or Full Throttle
2500 RPM
Standard Temperature
From Sea Level
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Temp
C
Climb
Speed
(KIAS)
Rate of
Climb
(FPM)
Time
(Minutes)
Fuel Used
(Gallons)
Distance
(NM)
Sea Level
15
80
510
0.0
1000
13
80
510
0.4
2000
11
80
510
0.8
3000
80
510
1.2
4000
80
510
1.6
11
5000
80
510
10
2.0
14
6000
80
485
12
2.4
17
7000
80
430
14
2.8
20
8000
-1
80
375
17
3.3
24
9000
-3
80
320
20
3.8
29
10,000
-5
80
265
23
4.4
34
11,000
-7
80
210
27
5.2
41
12,000
-9
80
155
33
6.2
50
IMPORTANT
Add 1.4 gallons of fuel for engine start, taxi and takeoff allowance.
Increase time, fuel and distance by 10% for each 10C above standard temperature.
Distances shown are based on zero wind.
50
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
PRESSURE ALTITUDE - 2000 FEET
CONDITIONS:
2500 Pounds
Recommended Lean Mixture
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-9C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
11C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
31C
RPM
MP
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
2500
24
----
----
----
78
124
10.5
76
125
10.1
23
77
120
10.3
74
121
9.9
71
122
9.5
22
72
117
9.6
70
118
9.2
67
118
8.9
21
68
114
8.9
65
114
8.6
63
114
8.3
24
----
----
----
76
123
10.3
74
124
9.9
23
75
119
10.0
72
120
9.6
70
120
9.3
22
70
116
9.4
68
117
9.0
66
117
8.7
21
66
113
8.7
64
113
8.4
62
113
8.1
24
77
121
10.3
74
121
9.9
72
122
9.5
23
73
118
9.7
70
118
9.3
68
118
9.0
22
68
115
9.0
66
115
8.7
64
115
8.4
21
64
111
8.4
62
111
8.2
60
111
7.9
24
74
119
9.9
71
119
9.5
69
120
9.2
23
70
116
9.3
67
116
8.9
65
116
8.6
22
66
113
8.7
63
113
8.4
61
112
8.1
21
61
109
8.1
59
109
7.9
57
108
7.6
24
71
117
9.4
68
117
9.0
66
117
8.7
23
67
114
8.8
65
114
8.5
62
113
8.2
22
63
110
8.3
61
110
8.0
59
110
7.8
21
59
106
7.8
57
106
7.5
55
106
7.3
20
55
102
7.3
53
102
7.1
51
101
6.9
19
51
98
6.9
49
97
6.7
47
96
6.6
18
47
93
6.5
45
92
6.3
44
90
6.2
2400
2300
2200
2100
IMPORTANT
For best fuel economy at 75% power or less, operate at the leanest mixture that results in
smooth engine operation.
51
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
2500 Pounds
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-13C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
7C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
27C
RPM
MP
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
2500
23
----
----
----
76
125
10.2
73
125
9.8
22
74
121
9.9
72
121
9.5
69
122
9.2
21
70
118
9.2
67
118
8.9
65
118
8.6
20
65
114
8.6
63
114
8.3
61
113
8.0
24
----
----
----
79
127
10.6
76
127
10.2
23
77
123
10.3
74
123
9.9
72
124
9.6
22
72
120
9.7
70
120
9.3
68
120
8.9
21
68
116
9.0
66
116
8.7
63
116
8.4
24
----
----
----
76
125
10.2
74
125
9.8
23
75
121
10.0
72
122
9.6
70
122
9.2
22
70
118
9.3
68
118
9.0
66
118
8.7
21
66
115
8.7
64
114
8.4
62
114
8.1
24
76
122
10.2
73
123
9.8
71
123
9.4
23
72
119
9.6
69
120
9.2
67
120
8.9
22
68
116
9.0
65
116
8.6
63
116
8.3
21
64
112
8.4
61
112
8.1
59
112
7.8
24
73
120
9.7
70
121
9.3
68
121
9.0
23
69
117
9.1
67
117
8.8
64
117
8.5
22
65
114
8.6
63
113
8.3
61
113
8.0
21
61
110
8.0
59
110
7.8
57
109
7.5
20
57
106
7.5
55
105
7.3
53
104
7.1
19
53
101
7.1
51
101
6.9
49
99
6.7
18
49
96
6.7
47
95
6.5
45
93
6.4
17
45
91
6.3
43
89
6.2
42
86
6.0
2400
2300
2200
2100
IMPORTANT
52
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
2500 Pounds
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-17C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
3C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
23C
RPM
MP
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
2500
23
----
----
----
78
128
10.5
75
129
10.1
22
76
125
10.3
74
125
9.8
71
125
9.5
21
72
121
9.5
69
121
9.2
67
121
8.8
20
67
117
8.9
65
117
8.5
63
117
8.3
23
----
----
----
76
127
10.2
74
127
9.8
22
75
123
10.0
72
124
9.6
69
124
9.2
21
70
120
9.3
67
120
8.9
65
120
8.6
20
65
116
8.6
63
116
8.3
61
115
8.1
23
77
125
10.3
74
125
9.9
71
125
9.5
22
72
122
9.6
70
122
9.2
67
122
8.9
21
68
118
9.0
65
118
8.6
63
118
8.4
20
64
114
8.4
61
114
8.1
59
113
7.8
23
74
123
9.9
71
123
9.5
69
123
9.1
22
70
120
9.3
67
120
8.9
65
119
8.6
21
66
116
8.7
63
116
8.3
61
115
8.1
20
61
112
8.1
59
111
7.8
57
111
7.6
23
71
121
9.4
68
121
9.1
66
121
9.7
22
67
117
8.8
65
117
8.5
62
117
8.2
21
63
113
8.3
61
113
8.0
59
113
7.8
20
59
109
7.8
57
109
7.5
55
108
7.3
19
55
105
7.3
53
104
7.1
51
103
6.9
18
51
100
6.8
49
99
6.7
47
97
6.5
17
46
94
6.5
45
92
6.3
43
90
6.2
2400
2300
2200
2100
IMPORTANT
53
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
CONDITIONS:
2500 Pounds
IMPORTANT
For best fuel economy at 75% power or less, operate at

the leanest mixture that results in smooth engine operation.
20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-21C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-1C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
19C
RPM
MP
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
2700
21
----
----
----
75
128
10.0
72
128
20
73
124
9.7
70
124
9.3
68
124
9.6
19
68
120
9.0
66
120
8.7
63
119
18
63
115
8.3
61
115
8.0
59
114
22
----
----
----
78
130
10.4
75
130
21
76
126
10.2
73
127
9.7
70
127
20
71
122
9.4
68
122
9.0
66
122
19
66
118
8.7
64
118
8.4
62
117
22
79
128
10.6
76
129
10.1
73
129
21
74
125
9.9
71
125
9.5
69
125
20
69
121
9.2
67
121
8.8
64
120
19
64
117
8.5
62
116
8.2
60
116
22
77
127
10.3
74
127
9.9
71
127
21
72
123
9.6
69
123
9.2
67
123
20
67
119
8.9
65
119
8.6
63
119
19
63
115
8.3
61
114
8.0
58
114
22
74
125
9.9
72
125
9.5
69
125
21
70
121
9.3
67
121
8.9
65
121
20
65
117
8.6
63
117
8.3
61
117
19
61
113
8.0
59
112
7.8
57
112
22
72
123
9.6
69
123
9.2
67
123
21
68
120
8.9
65
119
8.6
63
119
20
63
115
8.4
61
115
8.1
59
115
19
59
111
7.8
57
110
7.6
55
109
22
69
121
9.2
67
121
8.8
64
120
21
65
117
8.6
63
117
8.3
60
116
19
57
108
7.5
55
108
7.3
53
106
18
52
103
7.1
51
102
6.8
49
100
17
48
98
6.6
47
96
6.5
45
93
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
9.0
8.4
7.8
10.0
9.4
8.7
8.1
9.8
9.1
8.5
7.9
9.5
8.9
8.5
7.9
9.2
8.6
8.0
7.5
8.8
8.3
7.8
7.3
8.5
8.0
7.1
6.7
6.3
54
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
PRESSURE ALTITUDE - 10,000 FEET
CONDITIONS:
2500 Pounds
IMPORTANT

20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-25C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-5C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
15C
RPM
MP
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
2700
20.5
77
130
10.4
75
130
10.0
72
130
20
75
128
10.0
72
128
9.6
70
128
9.6
19
70
124
9.3
68
123
8.9
65
123
18
65
119
8.6
63
118
8.3
61
118
20.5
75
128
10.1
73
128
9.7
70
128
20
73
126
9.7
70
126
9.3
68
126
19
68
122
9.0
66
121
8.7
63
121
18
63
117
8.4
61
116
8.1
59
116
20.5
74
127
9.8
71
127
9.4
68
126
20
71
125
9.5
69
124
9.1
66
124
19
66
120
8.8
64
120
8.4
62
119
18
62
115
8.1
59
115
7.9
57
114
20.5
72
125
9.5
69
125
9.1
67
124
20
69
123
9.2
67
123
8.8
64
122
19
65
118
8.5
62
118
8.2
60
117
18
60
114
7.9
58
113
7.7
56
112
20.5
70
123
9.2
67
123
8.8
65
122
20
67
121
8.9
65
121
8.6
63
120
19
63
116
8.3
60
116
8.0
58
115
18
58
112
7.7
56
111
7.5
54
109
20.5
68
121
8.9
65
121
8.6
63
120
20
65
119
8.6
63
119
8.3
61
118
19
61
115
8.1
59
114
7.8
57
113
18
57
110
7.5
55
109
7.3
53
107
20.5
65
119
8.6
63
118
8.3
60
118
20
63
116
8.3
61
116
8.0
58
115
19
59
112
7.8
56
111
7.5
55
110
18
54
107
7.3
52
106
7.0
51
104
17
50
101
6.8
48
99
6.6
47
97
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
9.3
8.6
8.0
9.3
9.0
8.4
7.8
9.1
8.7
8.2
7.6
8.8
8.5
8.0
7.4
8.5
8.3
7.7
7.2
8.3
8.0
7.5
7.1
8.0
7.7
7.3
6.8
6.5
55
Performance Charts
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
PRESSURE ALTITUDE - 12,000 FEET
CONDITIONS:
IMPORTANT
2500 Pounds

20C BELOW
STANDARD TEMP
-29C
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
-9C
20C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
11C
RPM
MP
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
%BHP
KTAS
GPH
2700
19
72
127
9.6
69
127
9.2
67
127
8.9
18
67
123
8.9
65
122
8.5
62
122
8.2
17
62
117
8.2
60
117
7.9
58
115
7.7
16
57
112
7.6
55
110
7.3
53
108
7.1
19
70
126
9.3
68
125
8.9
65
125
8.6
18
65
121
8.6
63
120
8.3
61
119
8.0
17
60
115
8.0
58
114
7.7
56
113
7.4
16
55
109
7.4
53
108
7.1
51
106
6.9
19
68
124
9.1
66
123
8.7
64
123
8.4
18
64
119
8.4
61
118
8.1
59
117
7.8
17
59
114
7.8
57
112
7.5
55
111
7.3
16
54
108
7.2
52
106
7.0
50
104
6.8
19
67
122
8.8
64
121
8.5
62
121
8.2
18
62
117
8.2
60
116
7.9
58
115
7.6
17
57
112
7.6
55
110
7.3
53
109
7.1
16
53
106
7.1
51
104
6.8
49
102
6.7
19
65
120
8.5
62
119
8.2
60
118
7.9
18
60
115
7.9
58
114
7.7
56
113
7.4
17
56
110
7.4
53
108
7.2
52
106
7.0
16
51
103
6.9
49
101
6.7
47
98
6.5
19
63
118
8.3
61
118
8.0
59
116
7.8
18
59
113
7.8
56
112
7.5
54
111
7.3
17
54
108
7.2
52
106
7.0
50
104
6.8
16
50
101
6.7
48
99
6.6
46
95
6.4
19
61
116
8.0
58
115
7.7
56
113
7.5
18
56
111
7.5
54
109
7.2
52
107
7.0
17
52
105
7.0
50
103
6.8
48
100
6.6
16
48
98
6.6
46
95
6.4
44
91
6.2
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
56
Performance Charts
SHORT FIELD LANDING DISTANCE
AT 2500 POUNDS
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 30
Power IDLE
Maximum Braking
Zero Wind
0C
10C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
20C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
30C
40C
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Pressure
Altitude
(Feet)
Gnd
Roll
(Feet)
Total
Feet
To
Clear
50
Foot
Obst
Sea Level
570
1175
590
1205
610
1235
630
1265
650
1295
1000
590
1205
610
1235
635
1270
655
1300
675
1330
2000
610
1235
635
1270
655
1300
670
1335
700
1370
3000
635
1270
660
1305
680
1340
705
1375
730
1410
4000
660
1310
685
1345
705
1375
730
1410
755
1450
5000
685
1345
710
1380
735
1420
760
1455
785
1490
6000
710
1380
735
1420
760
1455
790
1500
815
1535
7000
735
1420
765
1460
790
1500
820
1540
845
1580
8000
765
1465
795
1505
820
1545
850
1585
880
1630
IMPORTANT
Short field technique as specified on page 42.
For operation on a dry, grass runway, increase distances by 40% of the "Ground Roll" figure.
57

Cessna 177 Cardinal Pilot&#39;s Guide

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Cessna 177 Cardinal Pilot&#39;s Guide

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Available Formats

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Auxiliary Control Panel..........................................................................................................................................................................................13

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Flight Simulator X SP2 Requirements

Printing This Pilot's Guide

Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Pilot's Guide Layout Example

1) AUTOPILOT - Click to turn the autopilot ON and OFF.

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Video Card Settings

Flight Simulator Settings

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

reinstalling your software

Reinstalling Your Software

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Wing and Power Loadings

Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Landing Configuration (VSO).......................................................................................................................................................... 46 KIAS

Maximum Flap Extended Speed (VFE)

Flaps - 10..............................................................................................................................................................................................113 KIAS

Flaps - 10 to 30.................................................................................................................................................................................. 91 KIAS

2500 Pounds.........................................................................................................................................................................................102 KIAS

2100 Pounds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 93 KIAS

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed (VNO).................................................................................................................................135 KIAS

symbols and abbreviations

Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

symbols and abbreviations

Minimum Control Speed in an engine out situation.

Indicated Airspeed in Knots.

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

selecting your aircraft

C-GZSF White | Green

creating a new default flight

beginning with a cold and dark cockpit

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

control setup and realism settings

For Sensitivity and Null Zone we recommend using

We suggest the following settings:

Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com

CESSNA 177B Cardinal II

for Flight Simulator X

Auxiliary Control Panel

Opening and Closing the Auxiliary Control Panel

Auxiliary Control Panel Functions

Pilot & Co-Pilot:

Flight1 Software Cessna 177B Cardinal II Pilot's Guide | www.flight1.com

Cessna 177 Cardinal Pilot's Guide

Cessna 177 Cardinal Pilot's Guide