CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION:
Human resources are the set of individuals who make up
the workforce of an organization, business sector or an economy. "Human
capital" is sometimes used synonymously with human resources, although
human capital typically refers to a more narrow view; i.e., the knowledge the
individuals embody and can contribute to an organization. Likewise, other
terms sometimes used include "manpower", "talent", "labor" or simply
"people".
William R. Tracey, in The Human Resource Glossary defines
Human Resources as: "The people that staff and operate an organization"; as
contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization.
Human Resources is also the organizational function that deals with the
people

and

issues

related

to

people

such

as

compensation,

hiring,performance management, and training. A Human Resource is a

single person or employee within your organization.
THE BRITISH INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENTWorking environment means creating a conduceIt is the part of the
management function which is concerned with people at work and with
2

relationship within an enterprise. Its aim is to bring together and develop

into an effective organization the men and women who make up an
enterprise and having regard to the well being of an individual and of
working groups, to enable to make their best contribution to its success

WORKERS SAFETY AND WELFARE:

In the early days industrialization started the hazards and
accident also started increasing. The newer technology process and machine
which were invented brought in its wake many hazards. Hither to unknown
and many precious lives was cost. The man himself who was responsible for
the industrialization becomes a victim of his own creation. At that point of
time it was thought that accidents are acts of guard and in evitable.

In

the

year

1911,

when

the

legislation

for

workmen

compensation Act was passed and the employees were asked to pay for the
job injuries then it was thought that it would be better and economical if
accidents itself could be prevented instead of spending on compensation.
This thinking leads to appreciate the importance of accident and leads to
satisfy movement. It was only a short step from this to the realization that
the majority of accident could be prevented and the some ingenuity which

invented the new technology and machines could be effectively utilized in

accident prevention.

Industrial workers have been exposed to additional accident and

poor health because and environmental pollution. Occupational diseases and
accidents created by rapid industrialization. These aspects of industrial life
have started getting additional attention from all concerned employers,
employees and their unions and government.
Due to rapid industrialization, mechanical, electrical chemical
and radiation hazards have increased at the workplace and industrial are
exposed. Industrial accident have drawn attention from such disciplines as
sociology, psychology & engineering, sociologist and psychologist have been
attempt to solve the problems of accident in terms pf proper selection,
training and education of workers and their socio-psychological factor that
make them prone to accidents. Engineer has made proper designing of
mechanical safety devices. Safety and accident prevention is multidimensional issue and therefore require comprehensive approach.

An accident is an unplanned and uncontrolled event which

causes injury to a person. It implies that the events are unplanned and

uncontrollable by the person immediately before the occurrence of the

events.Under the factories Act 1948, an accident is the occurrence in an
industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person who makes him
unfits to resume his duties in the next 48 hours.

Thus from an initial humanization approach the accident

prevention and safety movement has grown into a viable preposition which
could be economically and commercially justified. No industry and that too
in developing country like are could afford such losses. Hence, no effect
should be spared to prevent losses due to accident. The National Safety
Council of America considers as accident to mean any unexpected event
that interrupts or interfaces with the orderly progress of the production
activity or process

Accidents may cause damage to equipment or materials or may

delay production without resulting in an injury or fatality. However many
later investigation on safety and accidents points out that accidents do cost
minor sand major injuries to workers and sometime even death.

NATURE OF ACCIDENT:

The nature of accidents in an industrial setting causing injury

may show wide variation. It may be just a scratch on any part of the form a
resultant death.

A minor accident is one which causes injuries of a minor,

nature like a scratch or scratches. A minor accident is one which may be
either fatal or causes disability. Disability may take the form of a loss of
ability to work or move. Such disability may be either temporary or
permanent. Both these type of disabilities may be either or partial. A
temporary partial disability reduces the earning capacity of a person in the
employment in which he was engaged of the time of accident. A permanent
partial disability reduces his ability earn income from any employment which
he was capable of occurred.

In a partial disability the person concerned his entitled to

compensation to the extent to which his ability to earn is reduced. a total
disability either of temporary or permanent nature, in capacitates the person
and make it impossible for him to engage in any work he was capable of

performing at the time of accident which resulted in that disability. In case of

total disability the person is entitled for full compensation.

ELEMENTS OF WORK ENVIRONMENT

Heat and Cold

In India, the most common physical hazard is heat. The direct

effects of heat exposure are burns, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and heat
cramps; the indirect effects are decreased efficiency, increased fatigue and
enhanced accident rates. Many industries have local hot spots ovens and
furnaces, which radiate heat. Radiant heat is the main problem in foundry,
glass and steel industries, while heat stagnation is the principal problem in
jute and cotton textile. High temperatures are also found in mines. Physical
7

work under such conditions is very stressful and impairs the health and
efficiency of the workers. For gainful work involving sustained and repeated
effort, a reasonable temperature must be maintained in each work room.

Important

hazards

associated

with

cold

work

are

chilblains,

erythrocyanosis, immersion foot, and frostbite as a result of cutaneous

vasoconstriction. General hypothermia is not unusual.

Light

The workers may be exposed to the risk of poor illumination or

excessive brightness. The acute effects of poor illumination are eye strain,
headache, eye pain, lachrymation, congestion around the cornea and eye
fatigue. The chronic effects on health include minerssnystagmus. Exposure
to excessive brightness or glare is associated with discomfort, annoyance
and visual fatigue. Intense direct glare may also result in blurring of vision

and lead to accidents. There should be sufficient and suitable lighting,

natural or artificial, wherever persons are working.

Noise

Noise is a health hazard in many industries. The effects of noise are of

two types:

(i)

Auditory effects - which consist of temporary or permanent hearing loss

(ii) Non-auditory effects which consist of nervousness, fatigue,

interference with communication by speech, decreased efficiency
and annoyance.

The degree of injury from exposure to noise depends upon a number of

factors such as intensity and frequency range, duration of exposure and
individual susceptibility.

 Vibration

Vibration, especially in the frequency range 10 to 500 Hz. May be

encountered in work with pneumatic tools such as drills and hammers.
Vibration usually affects the hands and arms. After some months or years of
exposure, the fine blood vessels of the fingers may become increasingly
sensitive to spasm (white fingers). Exposure to vibration may also produce
injuries of the joints, of the hands, elbows and shoulders.

Ultraviolet Radiation
Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation occurs mainly in arc
welding. Such radiation occurs mainly affects the eyes, causing intense
conjunctivitis and keratitis (welders flash). Symptoms are redness of the eyes
10

and pain, these usually disappear in a few days with no permanent effect on
the vision or on the deeper structures of the eye.

Ionizing Radiation
Ionizing radiation is finding increasing application in medicine and
industry, e.g. x-rays and radioactive isotopes. Important radio-isotopes are
cobalt60 and phosphorus32. Certain tissues such as bone marrow are more
sensitive than others and from a genetic standpoint, there are special
hazards when the gonads are exposed. The radiation hazards comprise
genetic changes, malformation, cancer, leukemia, depilation, ulceration,
sterility and in extreme cases death. The International Commission of
Radiological

Protection

has

set

the

maximum

permissible

level

of

occupational exposure at5 rem per year to the whole body.

OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

Chemical hazards
There is hardly any industry which does not make use of chemicals. The
chemical hazards are on the increase with the introduction of newer and
complex chemicals. Chemical agents act in three ways: local action,

11

inhalation and ingestion. The ill-effects produced depend upon the duration
of exposure, the quantum of exposure and individual susceptibility.

Local Action

Inhalation

Ingestion

Biological hazards
Workers may be exposed to infective and parasitic agents at the place
of work. The occupational diseases in this category are brucellosis,
leptospirosis, anthrax, hydatidosis, psittacosis, tetanus, encephalitis, fungal
infections, schistosomiasis and a host of others. Persons working among
animal products (e.g. hair, wool, hides) and agricultural workers are specially
exposed to biological hazard

Mechanical hazards
The

mechanical

hazards

in

industry

centre

round

machinery,

protruding and moving parts and the like. About 10% of accidents in
industry are said to be due to mechanical causes.

Psychological hazards

12

The psychosocial hazards arise from the workers failure to adapt to an

alien psychosocial environment. Frustration, lack of job satisfaction,
insecurity, poor human relationships, and emotional tension is some of the
psychosocial factors which may undermine both physical and mental health
of the workers. The capacity to adapt to different working environments is
influenced by many factors such as education, cultural background, family
life, social habits and what the worker expects from employment.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee
exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not
feasible or effective to reduce these risks to acceptable levels. PPE is needed
when there are hazards present. PPE has the serious limitation that it does
not eliminate the hazard at source and may result in employees being
exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails

Goggles:

13

These are tight-fitting eye protection that completely cover the eyes, eye
sockets and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes and provide
protection from impact, dust and splashes. Some goggles will fit over
corrective lenses.

Helmets:

Helmets are needed to protect head from injuries. Helmets are womb by
people working in mines. It is also used by people at sites where work is
going over head. This is to prevent head from flying or falling objects.
Helmets should be of light weight

Safety shoes:

14

Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles

that protect the feet against hot work surfaces common in roofing, paving
and hot metal industries. The metal insoles of some safety shoes protect
against puncture wounds. Safety shoes may also be designed to be
electrically conductive to prevent the buildup of static electricity in areas
with the potential for explosive atmospheres or nonconductive to protect
workers from workplace electrical hazards

Earmuffs:

Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear. Glasses,

facial hair, long hair or facial movements such as chewing may reduce
the protective value of earmuffs.

Face shields:

15

These transparent sheets of plastic extend from the eyebrows to

below the chin and across the entire width of the employee's head. Some
are polarized for glare protection. Face shields protect against nuisance
dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids but will not
provide adequate protection against impact hazards. Face shields used in
combination with goggles or safety spectacles will provide additional
protection against impact hazards.

Gloves:

Gloves are used for various purposes. The types of gloves

needed depend upon the nature of work. Gloves are used to protect hand
from cut, heat burn, chemical burn, electrical shocks etc; the gloves

16

should allow free movement of fingers and hand. It is dangerous to wear

gloves while working in a drilling machine, power press etc. the gloves are
made of cloths, rubbers, leather, asbestos etc,

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The project made an attempt to study the following:

To study the workers awareness about the safety measures.

To study the occupational health and safety of the employee in the
working environment.
To recognize the occupational hazards and types of work generally
associated with those hazards
To know the working atmosphere
To enhance the employees satisfaction level

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INSTRUCTIONS:
A structured and scientific way to solve the problem understudying main
purpose of research methodology .The research explain the means of
collecting the data, among area and study the determination of sample size

17

and statistical tool used to analyze the data in under to follow a structure
path of conducting the study

TITLE OF THE STUDY:

A case study on work environment and workers safety and
welfare in THAI HOMES at nanganallur

AREA OF STUDY:
The area of study covers THAI HOMES in : Nanganallur,
Puzhuthivakkam

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION
SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION

The primary data are those, which are collected a fresh and for
the first time and thus happen to be original in character. The research has

18

got the primary data through questionnaire surveys, personal interview,

telephone and etc, the data, which are collected are first hand data through
which the analysis and interpretation would be taken part.

Questionnaire:
Here the respondents are asked the question and required to
answer by choosing between a number of alternatives. The main advantage of
this type is that they are easy to complete and easy to analyze. The research
has adopted this type of survey.

Personal interview:
This method requires a person known as the interviewer, who
asks questions generally in a face-to-face contact to other person or persons.
This sort of interview may be in the form of direct personal investigation or it
may be an indirect oral investigation.

SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION

The secondary data on the other hand are those which have already been
collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the
statistical process. The researcher has to decide which sort of data he would

19

be using for his study and accordingly he will have to select on or the other
method of data collection. The researcher has collected the secondary data
from the companys records, internet, previous project reports etc.

SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size is 60 employees are randomly selected for the
study from THAI HOMES at NANGANALLUR

CHAPTERISATION
This study has branched off in five chapters.

The First chapter deals with Introduction.

The Second chapter deals with the Company Profile.

The Third chapter deals with review of literature

The Fourth chapter deals with Analysis and Interpretation related to

the present study.

The Fifth chapter deals with Finding, Suggestion and Conclusion.

CHAPTER-2
20

21

CHAPTER-3
Review
Of
literature
22

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK 1974
An Act to make further provision for securing the health, safety and welfare
of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to health or safety in
connection with the activities of persons at work, for controlling the keeping
and use and preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession and use of
dangerous substances, and for controlling certain emissions into the
atmosphere; to make further provision with respect to the employment
medical advisory service; to amend the law relating to building regulations,
and the Building (Scotland) Act 1959; and for connected purposes.

23

 THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO):

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or illness or infirmity

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS:

The work environment is comprised of the physical location, equipment,
materials processed or used, and the activities of an employee while engaged
in the performance of his work, whether on or off the railroads property.
These are no executions of place or circumstance (FRA 2)

MISRA (1994):
The employee welfare and safety problem if sugar industry analysis was
based in the first hand data collected from the sugar factories of eastern
utter Pradesh. The study made through structured Questionnaire conducted
that the condition of work sugar factories of eastern region of utter Pradesh
were not satisfactory particularly in respect of safety measure, cleanliness,
sanitation, drinking water, shatter etc.,

ELY WOOD (1999):

24

Work environment includes some factors, which either contributes positively

or negatively to achieving maximum employee productivity.

We cannot

measure the effectiveness of a job design without the knowledge of the

working environment in which the design is place it is part of total picture.
The factors which either contributes positively or negatively to employee
productivity are: temperature, humidity and airflow, noise, lighting, employee
personal aspects, contaminants and hazards in work environment

BERNNER (2004):
Work environment designed to suit employees satisfaction
and free flow of exchange of ideas is a better medium of motivating employees
towards higher productivity; work environment when appropriately designed
motivates employees toward higher productivity.

KOHUN (1992):
Work environment as an entirely which comprise the
totality of forces, action and other influential factors that are currently
and, or potentially contending with the employees activities and
performance. Work environment in which the employees work.

25

26

CHAPTER-4
ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPERTATION

27

GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.1

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERRCENTAGE (%)

MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL

52
8
60

86.67%
13.33%
100%

INTERPRETATION:

This table 4.1 shows 86.67% respondents are Male.

Remaining 13.33% respondents are Female. Due to heavy work, female
workers are very less compared to male workers

28

GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.1

13%

MALE
FEMALE

87%

29

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.2

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

20 TO 30
31 TO 40
41 TO 50
ABOVE 50
TOTAL

40
14
6
60

66.67%
23.33%
10%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.2 shows 66.67 % response of
the employee under the age group of 20 to 30.23.33% of employees are the
age group of 31 to 40 .10% of the employees from the age of 41 to 50. No

30

employees are above 50 are not worked in the company. Generally 20-30and
30-40 age groups of respondents are healthy and physically fit for this work.

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.2

31

70.00%

66.67%

60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%

23.33%

20.00%
10.00%

10.00%
0.00%
20 TO 30

31 TO 40

41 TO 50

0.00%
ABOVE 50

MARITAL STATUS WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.3

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

32

PERCENTAGE (%)

MARRIED
UNMARRIED
TOTAL

30
30
60

50%
50%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.3 shows 50% of the
employees are both Married and Unmarried

MARITAL STATUS WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.3

33

50%

MARRIED

50%

UNMARRIED

EDUCATION WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE4.4

34

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

ILLITERATE
up to SSLC
up to HSC
Under Graduate
Post Graduate
Professional
TOTAL

10
20
18
8
4
60

16.67%
33.33%
30%
13.33%
6.67%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
The table 4.4 shows 33.33% of educated up to SSLC
30% of employees are educated up to H Sc 16.67 % of employees are illiterate
13.33% of employees are educated to UG 6.67% of employees are professional
0% employees are not up to Educated PG. Due to lack of education 16.67%,
and33.33% (Illiterate and up to SSLC) respondents not suitable work fore
official and managerial level.
EDUCATION WISE CLASSIFICATION

35

CHART 4.4

33.33%
35.00%

30.00%

30.00%
25.00%
20.00%

16.67%

13.33%

15.00%

6.67%

10.00%
5.00%

P
R
G
O
FE
SS
IO
N
A
L

0.00%

U
G

IL
LI
TE
R
AT
E
U
P
TO
SS
LC
U
P
TO
H
Sc

0.00%

36

YEAR OF EXPERIENCE WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.5

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

BELOW 1 YEAR
2-5 years
5-9 years
ABOVE 9 years
TOTAL

6
22
14
18
60

10 %
33.67%
23.33 %
30 %
100 %

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.5 shows 36.67% of
employees working up to 2 to 5 years experience 30% of employees are
working above 9 years experience 23.33% of employees working in the
company 5 to 9 year experience and 10 % of employees are working below 1
year

37

YEAR OF EXPERIENCE WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.5

40%
36.67%

35%
30%

30.00%
23.33%

25%
20%
15%
10%

10.00%

5%
0%
BELOW 1 YEAR

2 TO 5

5 TO 9

38

ABOVE 9

WORK LOAD WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.6

PARTICULARS

NO

OF PERCENTAGE (%)

HEAVY
EXCESSIVE
NORMAL
TOTAL

RESPONDANCNE
2
58
60

INTERPRETATION:

39

3.33 %
96.67 %
100 %

According to the table 4.6 shows 96.67% of

employees having Normal Work load, 3.33% of have Excessive work load and
none of the employees expressed they dont have heavy work load.

WORK LOAD WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.6

40

3%

HEAVY
EXCESSIVE
NORMAL

97%

INCOME WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.7

41

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

LESS THEN 10000

10000-20000
20000-30000
30000-40000
ABOVE 40000
TOTAL

16
36
8
60

26.67%
60%
13.33%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.7 shows 60 % of the
employees earning 10000 to 20000 income, 26.67 % of employees earning
less than 10000, 13.33% of employees earning 20000 to 30000 income ,
none of the employees earn above 40000. Due to Constructors Unions policy
they are getting 10000- 20000 per month.

INCOME WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.7

42

0%
Above 40000
0%
30000 to 40000
20000 to 30000

13%
60%

10000 to 20000
27%

Less then 10000

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

PAYMENT OF PACKAGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

43

TABLE 4.8

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

HIGHLY SATISFIED
SATISFIED
NEUTRAL
DISSATISFIED
HIGHLY DISSATISFIED
TOTAL

58

96.67%
3.33%
100%

60

INTERPRETATION:
The table 4.8 infers 96.67% of the employees are
Satisfied with the Payment provided by the company and 3.33% of the
employees are not satisfied with the payment.

PAYMENT OF PACKAGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

44

CHART 4.8

96.67%

3.30%

0.00%

is
sa
ti
sf
ed

d
hl
y
hi
g

hi
g

hl
y

sa
ti
sf
e

0.00%

ne
ut
ra
l

0.00%
d

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

45

KIND OF BENEFITS WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.9

PARTICULAR
PF
ESI
I NSURANCE
HRA
NOTHING
ALL THE ABOVE
TOTAL

NO OF RESPONDENTS
60
60

PERCENTAGE (%)
100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.9 shows 100% of
employees are not getting any kind of benefits in their work condition.
Generally this work is not permanent basis. Workers are under the contract
and temporary here.

46

KIND OF BENEFITS WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.9

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

100%

0%

0%
N
ot
hi
ng

0%

In
su
ra
nc
e

0%

47

0%

PROPER VENTILATION WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.10

PARTICULAR

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

YES
NO
TOTAL

60
60

100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
The table 4.10 infers 100% of the employees are
having the proper ventilation during their work.

48

PROPER VENTILATION WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.10

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

100%

Yes

0%

No

49

FAVOURABLE TO WORK WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.11

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

YES
NO
TOTAL

60
60

100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:

50

The table shows 4.11 shows 100% of employees

revealed they are in are favorable to work.

FAVOURABLE TO WORK WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.11

51

100% 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
YES
0%
NO

COMFORTABLE TIME WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.12

52

PARTICULARS
DAY
NIGHT
SHIFT BASE
TOTAL

NO OF RESPONDENTS
60
60

PERCENTAGE (%)
100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
The table shows 4.12 infer 100% of employees felt
the day shift is comfortable. Most of employees are worried about night
shiftso they feel comfortable in day shift.

COMFORTABLE TIME WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.12

53

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
DAY
NIGHT
SHIFT BASE

GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERIOR WISE CLASSIFICATION

54

TABLE 4.13

PARTICULAR

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCEANTAGE (%)

YES
NO
TOTAL

60
60

100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
The above table 4.13 shows that 100% of the
employees having good relationship with their superior.

55

GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERIOR WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.13

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%

100%

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%

0%

0%
YES

NO

56

HARASSMENT WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.14

PARTICULARS
YES
NO
TOTAL

NO OF RESPONDENTS
60
60

PERCENTAGE (%)
100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
The above table 4.14 shows that 100% of the
employees agreed that there is no harassment in their work place.

57

HARASSMENT WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.14

100%
NO

0%
YES

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

58

100%

MANAGEMENT POLICY AND PRACTICES WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.15

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

YES
NO
SOMETIMES
NOT AT ALL
TOTAL

8
16
34
2
60

13.33%
26.67%
56.67%
3.33%
100%

INTERPRETATION:

59

According to the table 4.15 shows 56.67% of employees says that the
management policy and practices affect the work environment sometimes
and 26.67 % of the employee says that it does not affect and 13.33% of the
employees says yes it affects the work environment and 3.33% of employees
says it not at all affects the work environment.

MANAGEMENT POLICY AND PRACTICES WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.15

60

3%

13%

27%
57%

YES

NO

SOMETIMES

NOT AT ALL

REASON FOR MOST OF THE ACCIDENT HAPPEN IN WORK PLACE WISE

CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 4.16

61

PARTICULARS

DUE
WORK
DUE

TO

TO

NO OF RESPONDENTS

NATURE

PERCENTAGE (%)

OF 10

16.67%

UNSAFEW 10

16.67%

ACTIVITY OF WORK
DUE
TO
LACK

OF 40

66.67%

AWARENESS
DUE TO INEFFICIENCY
DUE
TO
DEFECTED -

MACHINERY
TOTAL

100%

60

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.16 shows 66.67% of
accident has happened by the lack of awareness and another 38% has
happened by the nature of work and unsafe condition.
REASON FOR MOST OF THE ACCIDENT HAPPEN IN WORK PLACE WISE
CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.16

62

80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
16.67%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%

66.67%

16.67%
H
IN
ER
Y
M
A
C
TE
D
D

LA
C

TO
D
U
E

D
U
E

TO

TO
D
U
E

0.00%

EF
EC

O
F

N
AT
U
R
E

O
F

W
O
R
K

AW
A
R
EN
ES
S

0.00%

THE MEASURES TAKEN BY MANAGEMENT ON THE SAFETY

PRECAUTIONS WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.17

63

PARTICULARS

WELL

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

DEFINED 46

76.67%

POWER 14

23.33%

EQUIPEMENT
PROPER
SUPPLY
PRECAUTIONS

FOR -

DANGEROUS
IF ANY SPECIFY
TOTAL

60

100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.17 shows that 76.67% of the
labours says that they have well defined equipment and 23.33% of the labour
says that they have proper power supply on safety precaution measure taken
by the management.

THE MEASURES TAKEN BY MANAGEMENT ON THE SAFETY

PRECAUTIONS WISE CLASSIFICATION

64

CHART 4.17

90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%

76.67%

0.00%
SP
EC
IF
Y

0.00%

AN
IF

DA
N
FO
R
S
TI
O
N

PR
EC
AU

65

G
ER
O
S

PP
LY
SU
PO
W
ER

PR
O
PE
R

W
EL
L

D
EF
IN

ED

EQ
U

IP
EM
EN

23.33%

CREATING AWERRENESS TO THE EMPLOYESS ABOUT THE SAFETY

MEASURES

TABLE 4.18

PARTICULAR

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

YES
NO
TOTAL

60
60

100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.18 shows the labour are getting 100% of awareness
about the safety measures from the management.

66

CREATING AWERRENESS TO THE EMPLOYESS ABOUT THE SAFETY

MEASURES

CHART 4.18

NO

0%

100%

YES

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

67

100%

EMPLOYEE AWARENESS WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.19

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

TRAINING
DEMONSTRATION
GIVING INSTRUCTION
TOTAL

24
24
12
60

40%
40%
20%
100%

INTERPRETATION:

68

According to the table 4.19 shows 40% of employeeshave

agreed that they are having awareness both training and demonstration and
20% of employees agreed that they have to get instruction of employee
awareness from their superior.

EMPLOYEE AWARENESS WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.19

69

20%
40%

40%

TRAINING

DEMONSTRATION

GIVING INSTRUCTION

MEASURE INSPECTIONS ARE GIVEN BY THE ORGANAISATION

TABLE 4.20

70

PARTICULAR

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
DISAGREE
TOTAL

60
60

100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.20 shows 100% of employees are
expressedstrongly

agreed

to

measure

inspections

are

given

by

organization.

MEASURE INSPECTIONS ARE GIVEN BY THE ORGANAISATION

71

the

CHART 4.20

100%

100%

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0% 0%
STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE

0%
DISAGREE

72

SAFETY ARRANGMENTS WISE CLASSIFICATION

TABLE 4.21

PARTICULAR

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

EXCELLENT
GOOD
FAIR
TOTAL

2
58
60

3.33%
96.67%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.21 shows 96.67% of
employees expressed as good and 3.33% of employees expressed as excellent
in the safety arrangements of organization.

73

SAFETY ARRANGMENTS WISE CLASSIFICATION

CHART 4.21

120.00%
96.67%

100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
3.33%
0.00%
EXCELLENT

GOOD

74

0.00%
FAIR

COUNSELING TO REDUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS WISE

CLASSIICATION

TABLE 4.22

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE (%)

YES
NO
TOTAL

60
60

100%
100%

INTERPRETATION:
According to the table 4.22 shows 100% of
employees says that the organization does not give any counseling to reduce
psychological hazards.

75

COUNSELING TO REDUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS WISE

CLASSIICATION

CHART 4.22

76

100%
100%

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0% 0%
YES

NO

77

CHAPTER-5
FINDINGS
AND
CONCLUSION

78

FINDINGS:

O 86.67% respondents are Male remaining 13.33% respondents are

Female. Due to heavy work like respondents are female workers are
very less compared male workers

O 66.67 % response of the employee under the age group of 20 to 30

23.33% of employees are the age group of 31 to 40 and 10% of the
employees from the age of 41 to 50. No employees are above 50 are not
worked in the company. Generally 20-30and 30-40 age groups of
respondents are healthy. But 41-50 age group of respondents are in
the middle age group
O 50% of the employees are both Married and Unmarried
O 33.33% of educated up to SSLC 30% of employees are educated up to
H Sc 16.67 % of employees are illiterate 13.33% of employees are
educated to UG 6.67% of employees are professional 0% employees
are not up to educated PG. Due to lack of education 16.67% ,33.33%
(illiterate and up to sslc) respondents not able to official and
managerial work
O 36.67% of employees working up to 2 to 5 years experience 30% of
employees are working above 9 years experience 23.33% of employees
79

working in the company 5 to 9 year experience and 10 % of employees

are working below 1 year
O 96.67% of employees having normal work load, 3.33% of have
excessive work load and none of the employees dont have heavy work
load.
O 60 % of the employees earning 10000 to 20000 income, 26.67 % of
employees earning less than 10000, 13.33% of employees earning
20000 to 30000 income , none of the employees earn above 40000.
Due to construction unions policy they are setting 10000- 20000
permanent.
O 96.67% of the employees are satisfied with the payment provided by
the company and 3.33% of the employees are not satisfied with the
payment.
O 100% of employees are not kind of benefits in their work condition.
Generally this is not permanent official work. Workers are under the
contract and temporary here.
O 100% of the employees are having the proper ventilation.
O 100% of employees are favorable to work
O 100% of employees are feel the day shift is comfortable. Most of
employees are worried so they feel comfortable in day shift.
O 100% of the employees having good relationship their superior.
O 100% of the employees agree that there is no harassment.
O 56.67% of employees says that the management policy and practices
affect the work environment sometimes and 26.67 % of the employee
says that it does not affect and 13.33% of the employees says yes it

80

affects the work environment and 3.33% of employees says it not at all
affects the work environment.
O 66.67% of accident was happened by the lack of awareness and
another 38% has happened by the nature of work and unsafe
condition
O 76.67% of the labours say that they have well defined equipment and
23.33% of the labour says that they have proper power supply on
safety precaution measure taken by the management.
O The labours are getting 100% of awareness about the safety measures
from the management.
O 40% of employees agree that both training and demonstration and
20% of employees are say giving instruction of employee awareness
O 100% of employees are strongly agree to measure inspections are
given by the organization.
O 96.67% of employees say good and 3.33% of employees say excellent
in the safety arrangements of organization.
O 100% of employees says that the organization does not give any
counseling to reduce psychological hazards.

SUGGESTIONS:

81

Health insurance and compensation to the employees should be

provided to the employees to keep them satisfied

More training and awareness to can be provided to the employees to

ensure safety and training.

Seek leave and other leaves should be provided to keep employees

satisfied.

Better pay provided based on skills of employee should be provided to

their satisfied.

82

CONCLUSION:

To conclude that employee welfare implies the services, facilities

and amenities provided to workers within or outside the
establishment for their physical, mental and social wellbeing,
housing, education, transportation and recreation allowances
are provided by the organization. .
Proper physical, mental and social environment is essential for
efficient work performance.

A trade union is a voluntary and continuing association of

employees to protect and promote their interest, workers join
union

to

secure

steady

employment,

economic

benefit,

protection, sense of belonging, self expression, recognition and

status.

83

A STUDY ON WORK ENVIRONMENT AND LABOUR WELFARE IN

THAI HOMES AT NANGANALLUR

CHENNAI

1. Name of the employee:

2. Gender

a) Male

b) female

3. Age of the employee:

a) 20 to 30

c) 41 to 50

b) 31 to 40

d) above 50

4. Marital status:

a) Married

b) Unmarried
84

5. Educational qualification:

a) Illiterate / primary

c) Upto H Sc

b) up to SSLC

d) UG

e) PG

f) Professional

6. Designation / Nature of job:

7. Year of experience?

a) Below 1 year

c) 5 to 9

b) 2 to 5

d) above 9

8. Your work load is?

a) Heavy

b) Excessive

c) Normal

9. Level of income

a) Less than 10000

b) 10000 to 20000

c) 20000 to 30000

d) 30000 to 40000

85

d) Above 40000

10. What is your satisfaction level regarding pay package?

a) Highly satisfied

b) Satisfied

c) Neutral

d) Dissatisfied

e) Highly dissatisfied

11. What kind of benefits is provided by the company?

a) PF

b) ESI

c) Insurance

d) HRA

e) Nothing

f) all the above

12. Whether the firm has proper ventilation facilities?

a) Yes

b) No

13. Is your working environment is favorable to work?

a) Yes

b) No

86

14. Which is your comfortable time to work?

a) Day

b) Night

c) shift base

15. Are you having good relationship with your superiors?

a) Yes

b) No

16. If there any harassment from your superiors?

a) Yes

b) No

17. Does the management policy and practices affect the work environment?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Sometimes

d) Not at all

18. What is the main reason for most of the accident happen in your work
place?

a) Due to nature of work satisfaction

b) Due to unsafe activities of working

c) Due to lack of awareness

d) Due to inefficiency

e) Due to defected machinery / equipment

87

19. What is the measure taken?

a) Well defined equipment

b) Proper power supply

c) Precautions for dangerous

d) if any specify

20. Whether the company creating awareness to employees about the safety
measures?

a) Yes

b) No

21. In what way the employee awareness is created?

a) Training

b) Demonstration

c) Giving instruction

22. Do you agree the safety measure inspections are given by the
organization?

a) Strongly agree

b) Agree

c) Disagree

23. What is your satisfaction level on your companys satisfy arrangements?

a) Excellent

b) Good

c) Fair

88

24. If yes, does the trade union take any step to remove the hazards in your
work place?

a) Yes

b) No

25. If your organization provide counseling to reduce psychological hazards?

a) Yes

b) No

26. Give your suggestion to improve the employees welfare scheme

ANNEXURES

89

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

IMPORTANT WEBSITES:
O www.wikipedia.com
O www.investopedia.com
O www.Answers.com

90