FEA

COURSE
PROJECT

FINITE ELEMENT
ANALYSIS OF
CYCLE FRAME

Structural
analysis of
the cycle
frame under static condition

TYRONE MACHADO
(BE MECH B 45)
RAHUL PARI (BE
MECH B 55)

ACKNOWLEDEMENT
I would like to thank Professor Johnson for his guidance
throughout
the completion of my FEA project. I would also like to
thank my
Colleagues for their support throughout my entire project.
I would like to thank the Mechanical Department of DBIT
for allowing us to use the college facilities efficiently.

TABLE OF CONTENT
1

Acknowledgemnet

List of figures

Introduction

Analysis

Result

Conclusion

Reference

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG
FIG
FIG
FIG
FIG
FIG

1-FRONT IMPACT (TOTAL DEFORMATION)

2-FRONT IMPACT (FOS)
3-SIDE IMPACT (TOTAL DEFORMATION)
4-SIDE IMPACT (FOS)
5-ROLL OVER(TOTAL DEFORMATION)
6-ROLL OVER
(FOS)

Introduction
A bicycle, often called a bike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedaldriven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one
behind the other. A bicycle rider is called a cyclist, or bicyclist.

FRAME

The great majority of today's bicycles have a frame with upright seating
that looks much like the first chain-driven bike. [3] These upright bicycles
almost always feature the diamond frame, a truss consisting of two
triangles: the front triangle and the rear triangle. The front triangle
consists of the head tube, top tube, down tube, and seat tube. The head
tube contains the headset, the set of bearings that allows the fork to turn
smoothly for steering and balance. The top tube connects the head tube to
the seat tube at the top, and the down tube connects the head tube to
the bottom bracket. The rear triangle consists of the seat tube and paired
chain stays and seat stays. The chain stays run parallel to the chain,
connecting the bottom bracket to the rear dropout, where the axle for the
rear wheel is held. The seat stays connect the top of the seat tube (at or
near the same point as the top tube) to the rear fork ends

Analysis
Problem Statement
To analyse the Frame of cycle carrying a cyclist.

The FBD of above problem

600
N

75

325

Ground

500

325

200
N

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

Defining Some Variables
Using the 'ANSYS Input' window to input the command line codes for the verification model.
Type in each of the following lines
followed by Enter.
x1 = 500
x2 = 825
y1 = 325
y2 = 400
z1 = 50

Create Lines
Using the command line to create the lines. The command format to create
line
L,1,2
L,3,2
L,3,4
L,1,4
L,3,5
L,4,5
L,3.6
L,4,6

Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add
Define Geometric Properties
Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete
Now specify geometric properties for the elements
Outside diameter OD: 25
Wall thickness TKWALL: 2

Element Material Properties

To set Young's Modulus
MP,EX,1,70000

To set Poisson's ratio

MP,PRXY,1,0.33

Mesh Size
set the element length to 20 mm
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines
Mesh
Now the frame can be meshed.
In the 'Preprocessor' menu select 'Mesh' > 'Lines' and click 'Pick All' in the 'Mesh Lines'
Window
Save
Utility Menu > File > Save as

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

Close the 'Preprocessor' menu and open up the 'Solution' menu (from the same 'ANSYS Main
Menu').
Define Analysis Type
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis... > Static
Apply Constraints
DK, KPOI, Lab, VALUE, VALUE2, KEXPND, Lab2, Lab3, Lab4, Lab5, Lab6
Displacement on K, K #, DOF label, value, value2, Expansion key, other DOF la

Not all of the fields are required for this example, therefore when entering the code certain
fields will be
empty. For example, to pin the first keypoint enter:
DK,1,UX,0,,,UY,UZ
DK,5,UY,0,,,UZ
DK,6,UX0,,,UY,,,,UZ

Apply Loads
We will apply vertical downward loads of 600N at the seat post location at keypoint 3 and
200N at the pedal crank location at keypoint 4

To apply a force of 600N downward at keypoint 3,

FK,3,FY,-600

To apply a force of 200N downward at keypoint 3,

FK,4,FY,-200

Solving the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Postprocessing: Viewing the Results

To begin Postprocessing, open the 'General Postproc' Menu
Deformation
Plot Results > Deformed Shape... 'Def + undef edge'

Deflections
The deflections have been calculated at the
Utility menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering... and turn on 'Node numbers'. Turn everything else
off.
List the Nodal Deflections
Main Menu > General Postproc > List Results > Nodal Solution.
Plot the deflection
General Postproc > Plot Results > (-Contour Plot-) Nodal Solution
select 'DOF solution' and 'USUM' in the window

Element Forces
Select 'Element Solution...' from the 'List Results' menu.
Select 'Nodal force data' and 'All forces' from the lists displayed.
Click on 'OK'.
Stresses
General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table ...
Select 'Add'
Select 'Stress' and 'von Mises'
Element Table > Plot Elem Table

Bending Moment Diagrams.

Select Element Table > Define Table
SMISC,6
SMISC,12
Main Menu > General Postproc > List Results > Bending Moment Diagram.

Reference
1. University of Alberta ANSYS Tutorials www.mece.ualberta.ca/tutorials/ansys/BT/Bike/Bike.html
2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle
3. http://www.intownbicycles.com/how-to/bicycle-terms
4. http://www.bikerumor.com/2010/02/23/bikecad-lets-you-build-a-custom-bike-fromthe-ground-up
5. http://ww3.cad.de/foren/ubb/uploads/SFroemer/Exercise2-110400.pdf