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Allowable stress
alternating stress
brittle
ductile
compression
deflection
elastic limit
clearance fit
factor of safety
Failure
failure mode
Mechanical failure
Modulus of Resilience
Impact Loading
interference fit
loss-of-function
parameter
10
maximum allowable
parameter
modulus of elasticity
modulus of rigidity
nominal stress.
proportional limit
11
proof load
12
proof strength
13
resilience
14
rigidity
15
True stress
16
shear
17
tension
18
tensile
19
tensile stress
20
yield
yield strength
21
yield point
22
toughness
23
transition fit
24
Ultimate strength
25
Locking Fasteners
26
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DEFINITION
Or permissible stress. typically the average stress level experienced during
operation. Equal to the allowable load divided by the area.
The safety factor may also be called the factor of safety. The safety factor
may be abbreviated by F.S., SF, or n. The safety factor is a ratio of the
ultimate capacity to the allowable capacity. Ultimate can be thought of as
the maximum value that can be tolerated by a part without failure.
Allowable can be though of as the maximum value to be experienced by
the part for the duration of its working life.
Can mean a part has separated into two or more pieces; has become
permanently distorted, thus ruining its geometry; has had its reliability
downgraded; or has had its function compromised, whatever the reason. A
designer speaking of failure can mean any or all of these possibilities.
Say a load at 1000lb is causing failure. but that load is known within 10%.
Therefore, the load causing failure can actually range from 900lb to
1100lb. So to be safe, the highest possible load is taken into account,
which would be 1100lb. But the loss-of-function parameter is actually 1
over 1 minus the variance, where the variance is 10%. Which would then
be 1/(1 0.1) = 1.11111. The loss-of-function parameter is used in
conjunction with the maximum allowable parameter to get the design
factor. The parameter part of the loss-of-function parameter can be a
number of things, such as load or torque. Then loss-of-function load or
loss-of-function torque would be obtained.
Say a load at 1000lb is causing failure and the maximum load on the
structure is known with an uncertainty of 15%. The maximum allowable
parameter is actually 1 over 1 plus the variance, where the variance is
15%. Which would then be 1/(1 + 0.15) = 0.8696. The maximum
allowable parameter is used in conjunction with the loss-of-function
parameter to get the design factor. The parameter part of the maximum
allowable parameter can be a number of things, such as load or torque.
Then maximum allowable load or maximum allowable torque would be
obtained.
The yield strength is the stress applied to a material that just causes
permanent plastic deformationthe stress which marks the onset of
permanent plastic deformation in a material. Commonly abbreviated
by Sy or y.
The point at which the strain begins to increase very rapidly without a
corresponding increase in stress. Not all materials have an obvious yield
point, especially for brittle materials.
The ability of a material to absorb energy prior to fracture. The capacity of
a material to absorb energy without failing. The toughness of a material is
related to its ductility as well as to itsultimate strength. The capacity of a
structure to withstand an impact load depends upon the toughness of the
material used. Toughness is usually characterized by a combination of
strength and ductility in the material. A material with good toughness
implies good yield strength, good impact strength, good tear strength, and
good puncture resistance.