Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Radial Stresses
Topic covered
Introduction
Longitudinal Stresses
Radial Stress
Longitudinal Stress L
Radial Stress R
If
D = Diameter of the pipe
L = Length of the pipe
t = thickness of the pipe.
Then
Bursting force, FB
Pressure * Area
P*D*L
P*D*L
2t * L * H
(P * D)/ 2 * H
(P * D) /( 2 * t)
Resisting force, FR
Equating FB & FR
or
______________________(1)
LONGITUDINAL STRESS:R
Considering that the pipe ends are closed and pipe is subjected to an internal pressure
P the pipe may fail as shown in Fig.3. Elements resisting this type of failure would be
subjected to stress and direction of this stress is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the
pipe. Hence this stress is called longitudinal stress.
Then
Bursting force, FB
Pressure Area
P * (D * D)/4
P * (D * D) /4
D t * L
(P D)/4 * L
or L
(P D)/(4 * t)
Resisting force, FR
Equating FB & FR
_________________________ (2)
NOTES:
1)
On comparing equations 1 & 2, it is clear that when a pipe having diameter D and
thickness t is subjected to an internal pressure P, the induced circumferential tress is
double the induced longitudinal stress.
2)
Normally, the pipe is considered as a thin wall cylinder i.e. t < D/6
3)
Usually D is substituted by Do (outside diameter) in order to have higher safely
margin.
RADIAL STRESS: R
Radial stress is a stress in directions coplanar with but perpendicular to the symmetry axis.
The radial stress for a thick-walled pipe is equal and opposite to the gauge pressure on the
inside surface, and zero on the outside surface.
The radial stress is always compressive.
Each element of the pipe is subjected to radial stress which acts in radial direction as shown
in Fig.4 and calculated as
R
=
P