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Appendix A
Nomenclature:
A
A
Aa
Acfl
Afa
Aeff
Afin
Afo
AG
AGd
Ahex
AL
ALd
Ao
Ap
ArL
Aroot
Atotal
a
a
a0-a4
a1-a4
aL
B
B
BB
Bc
BF
Bf
Bo
BR
Br
BS
Bs
Bt
B1
b
b
b
b
b0-b4
b1-b4
C
C
C
Appendix
A-1
Co
Co
C1
C1
Cbh
Cbp
Cdrag
Cft
Cfth
Csf
Ca
Cap
c
cb
cL
co
cp
cpG
(cp)G
cpL
(cp)L
c1, c2
c1-c5
D
D
D
D
D
D
Db
Dctl
D
Dfo
Dfr
Dotl
Dreq
Droot
Ds
Dt
d
dbub
df
dh
di
dim
di,o
dmean
dp
dTbub
E
E
Appendix
A-2
E2
Ec
Emf
Enew
ERB
e
e
e
e
e
eeff
ef
F
F
F
Faspect
Fi
F(M)
F1(q)
F2(q)
FC
F
Fc
Fdrag
Fflat
Fm
Fnb
FP
FPF
FrG
FrH
FrL
Frso
Fpf
Fround
FS
Fs
Fsbp
Ft
Fw
FwL
FwG
Ftp
f
fpm
fapp
Blasius
cd
Appendix
A-3
ft
G
i
fI
fI,plain
k
L
lam
oil
fS
trans
turb
G
Gf
Gs
Gt
GaL
GrG
Gz
g
g
H
H
H
h
h
h
hG,a
hG,e
hG,sat
hL,sat
hL
hLd
hLG
h 'LG
hlatent
hLV
hsensible
htotal
dh
hL,inlet
JaL
JB
JC
Jf
Jg
j
jI
JL
Appendix
A-4
JR
(JR)20
JS
J
K
K
Kff
Kfluid
Ki
Kp
Ka
KEG
KEk
KEL
k
kG
kL
kwall
L
L
Lbb
Lbi
Lbc
Lbch
Lbo
Ldev
Lfin
Lfh
Lfs
LG
LL
Lp
Lpl
Lpn
Lpp
LS
Lsb
Lta
Ltb
Ltp
Ltp,eff
Lx
Ly
M
M
MN
m
m
m
m
m
Appendix
A-5
&
m
mass velocity of fluid [kg/m2 s]
&
m
mass velocity of fluid at maximum cross-section of bundle [kg/m2 s]
&
m
total mass velocity of liquid and vapor [kg/m2 s]
& bubbly bubbly flow transition mass velocity [kg/m2s]
m
&e
m
equivalent mass velocity [kg/m2 s]
& dryout mass velocity at onset of dryout [kg/m2 s]
m
&G
mass velocity of vapor [kg/m2s]
m
& high mass velocity at transition from annular to stratified-wavy flow [kg/m2 s]
m
&L
m
mass velocity of liquid [kg/m2s]
& low mass velocity at transition from stratified-wavy to stratified flow [kg/m2 s]
m
& min minimum value of mist flow transition mass velocity [kg/m2s]
m
& mist mass velocity at transition from mist flow [kg/m2 s]
m
& ref reference mass velocity [= 500 kg/m2 s]
m
& strat mass velocity at transition from stratified-wavy to stratified flow [kg/m2 s]
m
& total total mass velocity of liquid plus vapor [kg/m2s]
m
&w
m
window mass velocity of fluid [kg/m2 s]
& wavy mass velocity at transition from annular to stratified-wavy flow [kg/m2 s]
m
& wavy(new) new wavy flow transition mass velocity [kg/m2s]
m
N
N
N
Nb
Nc
Nf
Nss
Ntcc
Ntcw
Ntt
Ntw
Nu
Nuc
NuD
NuD
NuD-B
Nuft
NuG
Nugrav
NuH
NuH,visc
NuHA
NuH,z
NuL
Numf
Nunb
Nu
Nu,lam
Nu,sub
Appendix
A-6
Nu,turb
Nustrat
NuT
NuT,tt
NuT,z
Nutt
Nuy=
Nu(x)
Nu(z)
n
n
n
n
n
n1
n2
n3
nB
ncorners
nf
nf
ns
P
PG
PGd
Pi
Pid
Pk
PL
PLd
Po
Pr
PrG
PrL
p
p
p
p
pcrit
pf
pG
pr
pro
psat
pwall
p
pbI
pc
pe
ptotal
Appendix
A-7
pw
window zone pressure drop [N/m2]
(dp/dz)G frictional pressure gradient of the vapor [Pa/m]
(dp/dz)L frictional pressure gradient of the liquid [Pa/m]
(dp/dz)frict frictional pressure gradient [Pa/m]
Q
heat transfer rate [W]
Q
volumetric flow rate [m3/s]
&
Q
vapor volumetric flow rate [m3/s]
G
&
Q
k
&
Q
Appendix
A-8
ReLs
superficial liquid Reynolds number, also ReSL [-]
ReLt
Reynolds number with total flow as liquid [-]
(ReL)film Reynolds number with total flow as liquid [-]
ReRB Reynolds number [-]
Reroot film Reynolds number of the condensate flowing in the root area [-]
Re
film Reynolds number [-]
Re
liquid Reynolds number of film [-]
Re* modified liquid Reynolds number of film [-]
Re,trans transition liquid film Reynolds number [-]
Renb
nucleate boiling Reynolds number [-]
Reonset falling film Reynolds number at top of tube at onset of dryout [-]
Repeak falling film Reynolds number at top of tube at peak performance [-]
ReS
swirl Reynolds number [-]
ReSG vapor superficial Reynolds number [-]
ReSL liquid superficial Reynolds number [-]
Retop falling film Reynolds number at top of tube [-]
Retp
two-phase Reynolds number [-]
Ri
Richardson number [-]
Rwall
wall thermal resistance [K/W]
r
constant [-]
r
external radius of tube [m]
r
radius from centreline [m]
ri
internal tube radius [m]
rlm
leakage area parameter [-]
ro
critical nucleation radius [m]
rs
leakage area parameter [-]
rss
sealing strip parameter [-]
S
nucleation suppression factor
S
velocity ratio [-]
S
vertical pitch between centerline of tubes [m]
S2
stratified flow correction factor [-]
Sb
bypass area [m]
Sm
cross-sectional flow area at centerline [m]
shell-to-baffle leakage area [m]
Ssb
Stb
tube-to-baffle leakage area [m]
Sw
net flow area in window [m]
Swg
gross flow area in window without tubes [m]
Swt
area in window occupied by tubes [m]
Stlam Stanton number for laminar flow [-]
Stturb Stanton number for turbulent flow [-]
Sw
swirl number [-]
s
fin pitch [m]
s
specific gravity [-]
T
temperature [K or C]
T
time [s]
T+
turbulent dimensionless temperature [-]
Tbub
bubble point temperature [K]
Tbub
bubble point temperature of mixture [K]
Tbulk
mean bulk temperature of fluid [K]
critical temperature of mixture [K]
Tcrit
Appendix
A-9
Tdew
TD
TDNB
Tf
TG
TG,a
TG
TGi
TIB
TL
TMFB
Tman
Ts
Tsat
Tsat
Tt
Tw
Twall
Twall
T
T
Tbp
Tbulk
Tf
Tglide
TI
Tq
Tref
Tsat
Tvisc
t
t
t
t
troot
ttip
twall
U
U
<U>
UG
<UG>
UGL
<UGL>
UGU
GU
UL
ULU
US
u
u*
Appendix
A-10
uD
ud
uG
G
<uG>
uGs
uH
ui
uk
uL
uLG
uLs
uy
u
VG
VL
v
v
vG
vH
vi
vL
W
W
We
WeD
WeG
WeL
w
winlet
X
Xtt
x
x
xa
xB
xcrit
xdi
xde
xe
xexit
xF
xIA
xmax
xmin
xS
Y
Y
Y
Y
y
Appendix
A-11
y
y
y
y
y+
Z
Z
ZG
z
z
z
z
z*
z*
za
zdi
ze
zeh
zet
length [m]
length scale [m]
twist ratio for 180 turn [-]
parameter [-]
dimensionless length scale [-]
dimensionless factor [-]
heated length of tube to diameter ratio [-]
ratio of sensible cooling duty for vapor to total condensing duty [-]
distance along y-axis [m]
distance from entrance [m]
length from top [m]
length around perimeter of tube from top [m]
dimensionless length from top [m]
Graetz length parameter [-]
length from inlet where liquid is actually completely evaporated [m]
length from inlet where dryout occurs [m]
length from inlet where liquid is completely evaporated under equilibrium conditions [m]
hydrodynamic entrance length of developing flow [m]
thermal entrance length of developing flow [m]
Greek symbols:
Appendix
A-12
FZ
G
Gt
grav
I
I
I
id
invert
L
Lt
mean
mf
mist
nb
nom
nb
nb,I
nb,o
o
pt
,dev
,lam
,lturb
ref-oil
sh
ss
strat
tp
tt
tt
vapor
wet
wet
<>
L
ct
ft
mL
Appendix
A-13
rib
profile contact angle []
ratio of the temperature rises due to viscous heating and wall heat flux [-]
lim
limit of ratio of temperature rise [-]
Appendix
A-14
crit
d
T
bulk
G
L
oil
ref
ref-oil
wall
water
L
(-)
crit
ctl
def
dry
*dry
ds
max
strat
*strat
bp
air
G
G*
gc
H
k
L
man
oil
ref
V
water
SB
water
i
i*
Appendix
A-15
i+
Ph
Subscripts :
1,2
D
G
H
k
L
a
b
c
e
f
fin
top
w
Appendix
A-16