Terminology

The ability to address customer concerns and answer questions is a

function of how well you understand the engineering and technology
of our vehicles. This section is designed to take the mystery out of complex
features such as ESP, while broadening your knowledge of common
features like tyres that you thought you knew everything about.

Terminology
The following terms are arranged
alphabetically. At the beginning
of each term or topic, a symbol
is displayed that identifies the
specific SUVPS category in
which the topic belongs. By

A
 daptive Cruise
A
Control* (ACC)
ACC is a system that
can detect a vehicle
directly in front, so

associating specific terminology

it can then adjust

with specific SUVPS categories,

the speed of your

you can effectively explain to

customers how the vehicle

vehicle as traffic
flow changes. It
automatically adjusts

theyre interested in addresses

cruise control speed

theirneeds.

so that youre always

moving with traffic at a set distance.

Terminology

And in certain situations, it even warns

Safety/Security

the driver to apply the brakes manually.

ACC uses LIDAR (Light Detection and
Ranging) to detect other vehicles as
far as 100 metres (328 feet) away. The

Utility

driver can easily monitor the system

from the Electronic Vehicle Information
Centre, as well as override it at anytime.

Value
2

Performance
Styling

*A
 CC is a driver convenience system, not a
substitute for active driver involvement. The driver
must remain aware of traffic conditions and be
prepared to use brakes to avoidcollisions.

 djustable Pedals,
A
Power
Power adjustable accelerator, brake, and
clutch pedals (if equipped with a manual
transmission) allow drivers to establish
a comfortable position relative to both
steering wheel and pedals without
compromising accommodation. The
standard full-forward position is designed
for the 95th percentile male driver; the
full-rearward position will accommodate
the 5th percentile female driver. The

Terminology
pedal actuation ratio increases slightly

their seats and buckled up in their seat/

for smaller drivers, reducing the force

shoulderbelts.

required for a given decelerationrate.

Advanced Multistage
Air BagSystem

and move in unison along a straight line.

Offering enhanced protection for a

Powered by a small electric motor driving

wider range of occupants, this system

worm gears at each pedal, adjustment

is designed also to identify the weight

is continuous throughout the range. A

of anoccupant.

switch actuates the electric motor-driven

Next Generation Air Bags

mechanism. As with a power window

Next Generation driver and front-

switch, the switch is moved in the

passenger air bags feature a less-

direction of desired movement. Movement

forceful deployment, reducing the risk

stops when the switch isreleased.

of injury to front-seatoccupants.

Pedal adjustment is prevented when

the automatic speed control is set

Next Generation Multistage

AirBags

(controlling speed) and when the

Select models feature multistage

transmission is in Reverse. This feature

air bags that are similar to Next

protects against a loss of reference

Generation air bags. These air bags

position when neither foot is on apedal.

also absorb the forces associated with

Air Bags*
The air bag supplemental restraint
system is standard equipment on all
our vehicles. It is designed to reduce
injury caused by a severe frontal or
near-frontal impact to thevehicle.

frontal impacts but feature multistage

inflators. These inflators provide the

Terminology

The pedals are suspended on track rods

appropriate restraint depending on the

severity of the impact. Multistage air
bags reduce the potential for injury
during low-speedcollisions.

The drivers air bag is housed in the

Supplemental Side/Side-Curtain
AirBags

hub of the steering wheel, while the

Supplemental side-curtain air bags provide

passenger-side air bag is concealed

enhanced head protection for front-seat,

behind a door in the upper portion of

2nd-row outboard, and 3rd-row outboard

the instrument panel. Covered with a

occupants (where applicable) during a

vinyl skin and foam or a thermo-poly

side impact. These air bag curtains are

olefin (TPO) material, the deployment

integrated into the roof just above the

door is designed to blend into its

doors. When the air bag deploys, it opens

surroundings. Since the air bag is

from behind the headliner. Each bag

a supplemental restraint system,

deploys independently; that is, a left-side

its most effective when the front

impact deploys the left bag only and vice

passengers are properly positioned in

versa for the rightside.

Terminology
Some models also feature available
seat-mounted or door-mounted side air
bags, which are designed to enhance
protection of the head and chest of
the driver and front passenger in
certain side impacts. Each side air bag
assembly has its own impact sensor
in order to autonomously trigger

This system allows the interior

temperature to be regulated separately
on the driver and passenger sides of
the vehicle.

impactoccurs.

Three Zone Automatic Temperature

Control

All-Speed Traction
Control
See Traction Control.
Terminology

Dual Zone Automatic Temperature

Control

the air bag on the side where the

*Always use seat belts. Children 12 and under
should always be in a backseat correctly using an
infant or child restraint system, or the seat belt
positioned correctly for the childs age andsize.

All-Wheel Drive
See Drivetrain Configurations.

This system allows the interior

temperature to be regulated separately
on the driver and passenger sides of
the vehicle as well as the rear.

Auto-Reversing Sunroof
See Power Sunroof.

Auto-Reversing Windows

Antilock Brake
System(ABS)

See Power Windows.

See Brakes.

AutoStick combines the best attributes of

Approach Angle
(Also see Breakover Angle,
4

 utomatic
A
Temperature Control

Departure Angle)

AutoStick

both manual and automatic gear shifting.

The AutoStick clutchless system gives
shift control to the driver. By shifting
the gear selector to the drive position,

The degree of slope at which a vehicle

the system operates like a conventional

can approach without scraping the

automatic. Shifting the gear selector

ground or damaging any front-end

to the AutoStick position, however,

components.

allows the driver to manually upshift or

downshift. A rev limiter automatically
shifts to the next higher gear at redline
to prevent damage to theengine.

Approach Angle

Terminology

Bluetooth Technology

This wireless technology allows

compatible mobile phones, computers,
personal digital assistants (PDAs) and
other devices to be easily interconnected
using a short-rangeconnection.

Body Construction
The benefits of AutoStick are thatit:

Body-on-Frame
Vehicles with a body-on-frame design

Allows the driver to choose the

appropriategear for added control
Maximises engine braking through

have separate body and frame

assemblies that are joined together late
in the building process. This design is

manual downshifts for quicker

very durable and is often used in heavy-

stopping or to slow down the vehicle

duty applications.

without using thebrakes

UniFrame

launching the car in 2nd or 3rd gear

for less wheel slippage in slippery

With UniFrame integral body

construction, a conventional frame is
physically attached to its body shell

roadconditions

with precise robotic welds at all critical

Allows selection of a lower gear for

smoother acceleration out ofcorners
Enables the driver to delay an upshift

points. The result is a successful

balance between strength and weight.
The optimised weightprovides

for better acceleration when climbing

many benefits, including enhanced

ahill

acceleration and fuel economy,

Allows an instantaneous downshift

for more power and control before
attempting to pass another vehicle.
The clutchless design of AutoStick
does not require throttle lift or

and shorter braking distances than

heavier body-on-frame designs.
And finally, less weight on the tyres
results in responsive handling and
corneringcapabilities.

clutch engagement for upshifts

Rail-Thru Construction

anddownshifts

Continuous from front to back, the

underbody structural rails used on

B
Battery-Saver Feature
See Electrical Systems.

Terminology

Allows the driver the option of

many cars form a ladder configuration

with the structural crossmembers. The
crosscar beam under the instrument panel
adds structural support, and serves as the
main support for the instrument panel,

Terminology
the steering column, the passenger-side

factors as pedal travel, speed of pedal

air bag and the instrument panel wiring. It

travel and road speed with other stored

also provides a duct to deliver air from the

values to determine if an emergency

HVAC unit to the instrument panel outlets.

situation exists, instantly activating

This design helps produce an extremely

an additional solenoid valve in the

rigid vehicle, offering outstanding driving

brake booster. The result is reduced

feel andcontrol.

braking distance depending upon

availabletraction.

Unibody Design

Brakes

With Unibody construction, the frame

and body are stamped from many

Brake-Park Interlock

pieces of metal and welded together

The Brake-Park Interlock feature

to form a remarkably strong unitised

prevents an automatic transmission or

assembly. This design reduces vibration

transaxle from being shifted out of Park

and helps prevent road noise from

unless the brake pedal is applied.

entering the passenger compartment.

Dual Hydraulic Brake System

Terminology

Unibody designs are very rigid and

All our vehicles have two separate

also weigh less than a body-on-frame

hydraulic brake circuits with a tandem

design, contributing to responsive

master cylinder. In the event that

handling and increased fueleconomy.

something happens to one of the

The construction of Dodge Viper SRT10

hydraulic circuits, the vehicle will still

features a race car-inspired tubular

have hydraulic pressure in the remaining

space frame witha strong centre spine

hydraulic circuit. An indicator lamp

structure for incredible rigidity. The

onthe instrument panel illuminates

spine is composed of a high-strength

whenever there is a loss of brakefluid.

steel top and an aluminium alloy bottom

6

plate for added strength andprotection.

Brake Assist

Disc Brakes
As the brake pedal is applied, hydraulic
pressure is applied to each wheel

Tests have shown that most drivers

caliper assembly. This pressure results

fail to apply the brake pedal vigorously

in a force that clamps the inner and

enough during an emergency situation,

outer brake pads to therotor.

and the Brake Assist system was

designed to intervene if the driver
reacts quickly but hesitantly when
braking. The system recognises
situations in which emergency braking
is called for and automatically increases
braking pressure to its maximum.
The system computer compares such

Drum Brakes
The upper ends of both brake shoes
rest against a single anchor pin. Lower
ends are connected by means of an
adjustable linkage that provides a
servo-type braking action. A twopiston cylinder actuates braking force.

Terminology
As the brake drum rotates in forward
or reverse motion, the servo or selfenergising action builds up brakeforce.

Basic operation of ABS is asfollows:

Under extreme braking conditions,
the ABS wheel-speed sensors send

Rear-Wheel Parking Brake

deceleration rate information to the

All our vehicles have parking brake

ABS control module, which monitors

systems that actuate the rear service

the speed of each wheel and issues

brakes by means of a cablesystem.

control responses when the brakes

Actuation Systems
The brake actuation system uses a

areapplied
The control module then analyses

dual-diaphragm vacuum booster in

this information by comparing it to

combination with a tandem master

an acceptable deceleration rate limit

cylinder. Dual diaphragm-type vacuum

programmed into itsmemory

boosters work on the same basic

When the limit is exceeded (e.g.,

when the brakes begin to lock

exception that it contains two diaphragms

up on a slippery road), it signals

working in relationship with each other. As

the modulator to vary brake fluid

the brake pedal is depressed, the booster

pressure, thereby preventing wheel/

input rod and valve piston move forward,

brakelockup

allowing the poppet assembly to seal off

then enters the booster to create a

Four-Wheel ABS with Electronic

Variable Brake Proportioning
(EVBP)

pressure differential between the vacuum

This system includes all of the functions

side and the atmospheric side of the dual

of four-wheel ABS, and adds EVBP.

diaphragms. This forces the boosters

EVBP electronically proportions the

output rod against the master cylinders

brake pressure to the rear wheels

primary piston assembly which, in turn,

based on wheel-speed inputs from the

reacts against the secondary piston

front and rear wheel-speed sensors.

assembly to create brake fluid pressure.

This system provides optimum

The pressure is then transmitted to

brake balance for various loading or

thebrakes.

roadconditions.

the vacuum port. Atmospheric pressure

Four-Wheel Antilock Brake

System(ABS)
By helping to avoid brake lockup for all
four wheels on wet or slippery surfaces,
ABS provides improved vehicle stability
and increasedmanoeuvrability.

Terminology

principle as the single diaphragm with the

Terminology

Breakover Angle
(Also see Approach Angle,
Departure Angle)

the adult belted zone for added comfort

and optimum seat belt effectiveness. The
raised seating position also enhances the
childs visibility out the vehicle.

The Breakover Angle is a the degree of

slope which defines the largest ramp
or hill that a vehicle can travel over
without scraping against the frame or
underbody components.

Integrated child seats eliminate the

risk of improper aftermarket child
seat installation and provide foldaway
convenience.
*For children 22-39 kg and up to 145 cm.

Child Seat Anchor System

(ISOFIX/LATCH)
All our vehicles also incorporate
a LATCH system for anchoring
an aftermarket child seat. LATCH
Breakover Angle

features top tether anchors and lower

Terminology

anchorages that are located at the rear

C
 hild Protection
C
Features
Child-Protection Rear Door Locks
For added safety, all our four-door vehicles
are equipped with child-protection door
locks on the rear doors (sliding side

door[s] on minivans). The lever to engage

and disengage the child protection lock is

of each equipped seat cushion. With this

system, compatible aftermarket child
seats can easily snap into the lower
anchorages. If the aftermarket child
seat does not have lower attachments,
utilising the seat belt along with the
top tether anchor will also minimise the
movement of the childseat.
User-Ready Child Seat Top
TetherAnchors

located on the door face.

Our vehicles feature user-ready child

When the door is closed with the

anchors are commonly located on the

child-protection lever in the locked

position, itcannot be opened from the
inside. Thedoor can still be opened
from the outside provided the
conventional door lock button is in the
unlockedposition.
Integrated Child Booster Seats*
The booster seats can be easily accessed
by a child for ease of use. The added seat
cushion height raises the childs torso into

seat top tether anchors. These tether

rear window filler panel for all backseat
positions. A tether with a metal clip,
included with the add-on seat, latches
to a metal anchor bar in the rear
shelf panel, which secures the seat
to the vehicle. This feature minimises
movement of aftermarket childseats.
There are two standard LATCH sets
with tether anchors in the 2nd-row

Terminology
seats of every minivan seat type. On
the 3rd-row Stow n Go seating, there

is a LATCH with the tether on the 60%

portion of the 60/40 split seat. On the
3rd-row seating of the Easy Out Roller
Seats, there is a tether but noLATCH.

 ommandView
C
DualSkylights

TM

Corrosion Protection
Full two-sided protection against
corrosion begins with galvanised or
galvannealed steel (aluminium for select
models) on all our vehicles. Even before
the metal is formed into body panels, it
is coated to protect againstcorrosion.
All painted body parts exposed to

Jeep Commander features two available

the elements, except the roof panel,

CommandView glass skylights packaged

undergo a nine-step full-immersion

with the available sunroof. The skylights

zinc-phosphate process which cleans

are mounted in the roof above the

the surface, adds zinc for additional

2nd-row seats and feature tinted glass to

rust protection and adds a phosphate

protect the interior from ultraviolet

coating for good primer adhesion. The

phosphate coating also adds a layer of

Next, the vehicle is fully immersed

in a corrosion-resistant epoxy
electrocoat primer. The full immersion
allows every crack to be coated and
electrocoating firmly bonds the primer

Terminology

corrosionprotection.

to the surface. Vehicles then receive

radiation. Each skylight includes a roller

a coat of chip-resistant primer with

shade concealed in the assembly to block

thicker concentrations along the front

out more light when desired. The skylights

and lower bodysides where road

impart a more open feeling to the 2nd-row

debris damage is most likely to occur.

area, as well as a more commanding view

Finally, the vehicles receive colour

of the outwardsurroundings.

coats of paint followed by coats of clear

C
 ommon-Rail
Diesel(CRD)

coatprotection.
In addition to chip protection, the

This method of diesel injection delivers

primer coat increases the overall

fuel to all cylinders via a single

durability of the paint in the presence

(common) high-pressure fuel rail.

of ultraviolet radiation. Underbody and

Common-Rail injection produces less

under bonnet components receive a

noise and higher efficiency than older,

variety of primers and other treatments

less-sophisticated injection types.

to prevent corrosion. Door hinges are

corrosion protected on allmodels.

Terminology

 rumple Zones/Safety
C
Cage Construction
Most of our vehicles feature crumple
zone construction at the front and rear.
Crumple zones are specially designed
areas of the vehicles structure that
crush and absorb the energy of
a collision in a controlled manner
instead of transferring that energy to
theoccupants.

safety cage construction increases the

protection of vehicle occupants. This
is accomplished by reinforcing the
passenger compartment at strategic
Terminology

engine power to the front wheels. A

transaxle combines a transmission
and a differential into one unit. In an
FWD configuration, the weight of the
engine is positioned over the driving
and steering wheels, enhancing traction
on slippery surfaces. FWD vehicles
also feature increased interior space
because the large driveshaft tunnel
usually found on rear-wheel-drive cars

Working together with crumple zones,

locations to increase protection in the

event of acollision.

D
Departure Angle

isunnecessary.
Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD)
The RWD configuration provides a more
effective distribution of weight between
the front and rear of the vehicle,
increasing its overall performance.
During acceleration, a vehicles weight
is transferred to the rear wheels,
regardless of driveline configuration.
The acceleration advantage goes

(Also see Approach Angle, Breakover

to high-performance RWD vehicles

Angle)

because the weight is shifted to the

Departure Angle is the degree of slope

a vehicle can depart from without
10

FWD uses a transaxle to transfer

scraping the ground or damaging any

rear-end components.

wheels that push the vehicle in motion,

thereby increasing traction. In trucks,
RWD is optimal for carrying or towing
heavyloads.
Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)
4WD systems generally differ from
all-wheel-drive systems in their use
of a transfer case or another driveroperated shifting mechanism. For a
comprehensive explanation of 4WD

Departure Angle

Drivetrain Configurations
Front-Wheel Drive (FWD)
FWD provides for excellent traction,
driving stability andcontrol.

systems, including systems particular to

Jeep vehicles, see the separate listing

under Four-WheelDriveSystems.
All-Wheel Drive (AWD)
An AWD system uses a transfer case

Terminology
to divide power between the front
and rear differentials and transmits
power to both axles at all times. Its
planetary centre differential delivers

 VD Video
D
Entertainment System
(VES )

a percentage of the engine torque

VES consists of a DVD player and LCD

to the rear axle and a percentage

screen, a battery-powered remote

to the front. By driving continuously

control and two headsets. In addition to

through all four wheels, an AWD

video DVDs, the system will play audio

system provides excellent cornering

DVDs (DVD-A), WMA, audio CDs, MP3

balance under all driving conditions,

audio discs and video CDs. Auxiliary

and better acceleration than can be

plug-in jacks on the faceplate also

achieved with RWD, especially when

allow the playing of video directly from

traction is limited. Combined with

a video camera, video games from a

technical innovations such as all-

video game console, and music directly

speed traction control and Electronic

from a portable MP3 player.

Stability Programme (ESP) with Brake

brake action performance and
stability are outstanding under all
tractionconditions.

A LCD (liquid crystal display) screen

supports both 4:3 and 16:9 video
formats. The hinged screen can be fully
stored, and swings up for viewing. A
lockout switch on top of the VES unit

Higher final-drive ratios in the

enables front-seat occupants to disable

differentials 3.07 vs. 2.82 and

the DVD player, if needed. Operation of

better traction generally give AWD

the player can be controlled by buttons

vehicles better acceleration than those

on the DVD player faceplate, or by the

with RWD in spite of the weight of

included wireless remotecontrol.

addedcomponents.
AWD may increase fuel consumption
by 6% to 8% compared to RWD due to
an approximate 115-kg (150-250-lb)
weight increase for added components
and to more aerodynamic drag caused
by raising the car to accommodate the
AWDsystem.

 ynamic Side-Impact
D
Intrusion Protection
Many of our vehicles feature highstrength steel side-guard door
beams as well as other structural
body reinforcements to help provide
occupants with dynamic side-impact
intrusionprotection.

Dual-Clutch
Transaxle(DCT)

To meet the U.S. governments dynamic

See Transaxles.

vehicle is struck in its side by a

side-impact standard, a stationary

1360-kg (3000-lb) barrier travelling
at a specified test speed. Crash-test

Terminology

Assist, which modulate throttle and

11

Terminology
dummies seated within the vehicle may

accessibility for servicing and good air

only experience an acceptable level of

circulation for adequatecooling.

force in order for the vehicle to pass

thistest.

The Battery-Saver Feature, if so equipped,

Select models feature a unique

turns off exterior and interior courtesy

transverse beam that connects the

lamps, if they are accidentally left on, to

centre pillars and ties into the floor

prevent discharging thebattery.

Terminology

pan. It performs three important

12

Battery-Saver Feature

functions: contributes to side-impact

How to Determine Electrical Load

Requirements

protection, increases body stiffness and

The total electrical load (current draw) of

provides a rear mounting surface for

all electrical components on the vehicle

the front seats. It is placed directly in

should not exceed the rated capacity

line with side-impact loads and helps

of the alternator. To estimate the total

the front and rear side-impact beams

electrical load, add up the current draw of

maintain their integrity during a side-

all components under constant load, such

impact collision. The transverse beam

as the ignition, headlamps andheater.

offers additional protection for the

vehiclesoccupants.

E
Electrical Systems

Quick-Disconnect Plugs
To make servicing easier and to ensure
complete electrical contact where
wires pass through the dash panel, a
bolt-together bulkhead connector is
used on some models. It is keyed, so

To ensure reliability, electrical system

it is impossible to make an incorrect

components on our vehicles are

electricalconnection.

continually refined and improved.

Electrical components are designed
to minimise all possible chances
of malfunction. Major electrical
components and their special features

 lectrically Heated Rear

E
Window Defroster
Available on most models, the
electrically heated elements on the rear

are described in thissection.

window glassprovide positive defrosting

Batteries

switch with a built-in timer controls the

Vehicle batteries, located under the

bonnet or under the boot floor, meet
high standards of quality to ensure
long, dependable service life. If so
equipped, a battery indicator shows
adequate charge level at a glance.
Batteries are placed to ensure easy

and defogging. A conveniently located

length of time the electric defroster
stays on. An indicator lamp reminds the
driver when the defroster ison.

Terminology

 lectronic Fuel Injection

E
(EFI)

 lectronic Limited-Slip
E
Differentials (ELSDs)

EFI is provided on all our vehicles as

A means of controlling torque delivery

standard equipment. The EFI system

by engaging and disengaging drive

consists of three basic parts: a fuel

wheels via electronic controls.

system, a computer system and

applicablesensors.

 lectronic Range Select

E
(ERS)

Fuel System

ERS is an electronic feature found

The fuel system consists of the fuel

on some Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge

tank, in-tank fuel pump with pressure

transmissions that allows more

regulator, fuel supply line and fuel

appropriate gear ratios to be selected

injectors, located at the intake port at

when towing or hauling.

each cylinder of theengine.

Computer System
All components are integrated into
(PCM). Primarily, the PCM controls fuel
flow at the injectors and ignitiontiming.

 lectronic Roll
E
Mitigation (ERM)
ERM is an addition to the Electronic
Stability Programme (ESP). ERM is an
added vehicle stability measure designed
to help maintain vehicle stability during

Sensors

an emergency manoeuvre or accident-

Several interrelated electronic devices

avoidance situation. This system

send continuous signals to the PCM to

anticipates the potential for wheel lift by

permit precise engine control under all

monitoring the drivers steering wheel

operatingconditions.

input and the speed of the vehicle. When

Electronic fuel injection enhances

overall performance. The key
benefitsinclude:
Precise engine control under all

ERM determines that the rate of change

of the steering wheel angle and vehicle
speed are sufficient to potentially cause
wheel lift, it applies the appropriate brake
and may reduce engine power to lessen

operating conditions

the chance that wheel lift will occur. ERM

Improved driveability

will only intervene during very severe or

Good fuel economy

evasive driving manoeuvres. ERM will not

Better idle performance

Increased driver satisfaction

Terminology

a single Powertrain Control Module

aid vehicle stability in trip situations,

such as when the vehicle strikes a kerb
or another object.

13

Terminology

 lectronic Stability
E
Programme (ESP)*
The Electronic Stability Programme aids
the driver in maintaining directional

removed from the brake pedal, brake

pressure will be released.
Trailer Sway Control (TSC)

done, within the limits of available traction,

On some models, ESP includes TSC.

to keep the vehicle on its intended course.

This feature minimises trailer sway

yaw-rate sensor and an accelerationrate sensor to determine whether the

vehicle is responding properly to driver
steering inputs. Using signals from

Terminology

period of time after the drivers foot is

stability. ESP will do whatever can be

ESP uses a steering angle sensor, a

(an alternating yaw of the vehicle) and

improves handling in adverse towing
conditions caused by crosswinds and
traffic, provides trailer stability and
increases towingsafety.

these sensors, as well as wheel-speed

Sensors monitor the vehicles

sensor signals, the system determines

movement relative to the drivers

appropriate brake and throttleactions.

intended path. The vehicle yaw sensor

Once initiated, ESP operates much

like All-Speed Traction Control, except
that the goal is directional stability,
with the system attempting to correct
the vehicle from turning too rapidly
(oversteering) or not rapidly enough
(understeering) by applying the brakes
at the appropriatewheels.

14

If throttle is not applied within a short

recognises sway. Once the system

determines the sway is increasing and
is not a result of the drivers steering
input, TSC applies brake pressure on
one front wheel to counteract the yaw
induced by the trailer and smoothly
applies brake pressure to the other
wheels to slow the vehicle. As the
trailer sways to the other side of the

Hill Descent Control

vehicle, TSC will increase pressure

Allows smooth and controlled descent

to the opposite side of the vehicle.

on rough or slippery terrain without

The technology will continue to apply

the driver having to touch the brake

alternating brake pressure and reduce

pedal. Applies the brakes to each wheel

engine torque until the trailer sway is

individually when needed to reduce

forward motion when negotiating down
steep grades.
Hill Start Assist
Assists drivers when starting a vehicle
from a stop on a hill by maintaining
the level of brake pressure applied for
a short period of time after the drivers
foot is removed from the brake pedal.

undercontrol.
*No system, no matter how sophisticated, can
repeal the laws of physics or overcome careless
driving actions. Performance is limited by available
traction, which snow, ice and other conditions can
affect. When the ESP warning lamp flashes, the
driver needs to use less throttle and adapt speed
and driving behaviour to prevailing road conditions.
Always drive carefully, consistent with conditions.
Always wear your seatbelt.

Terminology

 lectronic Vehicle
E
Information Centre
(EVIC)
The EVIC feature is a driver-interactive
display, either part of the overhead
console or integrated into the

makes DIS incredibly accurate, providing

heightened throttle response and smooth
idle. DIS engines also start more quickly.
With fewer parts, DIS engines are more
reliable than engines with conventional
distributor ignitionsystems.

instrumentcluster.

Hemispherical (HEMI ) Combustion

Chamber

This system conveniently allows the

The easier the engine breathes, the

driver to select from a variety of useful

greater its volumetric efficiency and

information. Personal settings, navigation

the more power it produces. The

system screens, trip computer functions,

hemispheric combustion chamber

outside temperature, compass, audio

modes and system status messages can
be displayed in EVIC.

across from each other, creating

 nergy-Absorbing
E
Steering Column

crossflow and freeflow between the

intake and exhaust ports. The compact
design of the hemispherical combustion

Our vehicles feature an energy-

chamber also allows more complete

absorbing steering column. Energy-

burning of the air-fuel mixture, with

absorbing units are designed to collapse

flame from the central spark plug kept

against the force of a driver in the

short, direct and evenlydistributed.

event of a collision, thereby reducing

the drivers chances of beinginjured.

 ngine Components
E
and Features

Terminology

design allows large valves to be located

Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)

The 5.7 HEMI V8 engine features a

sophisticated ETC system that tailors

throttle response to pedal movement

Direct Ignition System

based on operating conditions. This

A direct ignition system, or DIS,

serves to maintain more consistent

operates without the use of an ignition

vehicle speed on rolling grades when

distributor. Instead, it processes data

cruise control is active (versus the

from a crankshaft sensor and a camshaft

previous mechanical throttle-control

sensor to control ignition timing. This

system).

15

Terminology
Overhead Valve Design

the exhaust valves may form two

Also called cam-in-block design, an

straightlines.

overhead valve engine features a

camshaft in the engine block. The
camshaft actuates the valves by raising
and lowering pushrods, which in turn
raise and lower levers called rocker
arms. These rocker arms sequentially
open and close both intake and exhaust
valves. To allow the pistons and valves
to be timed correctly, the camshaft is

Terminology

driven off the crankshaft by a timing

engine has two camshafts per cylinder

head one for the intake valves
and one for the exhaust valves.
On multivalve engines, having one
camshaft for intake valves and one for
exhaust valves means theres no need
for rocker arms as there would be with
a single overhead camshaftdesign.

chain or timing gears. Overhead valve

Cylinder Arrangement

engines offer the advantage of a lower

An in-line cylinder arrangement, or I

profile when compared to overhead

design, simply means the cylinders

camshaftdesigns.

are in a straight line. While in-line

Overhead Camshaft Design

This design is used in the great majority
of cars today. An overhead camshaft
design eliminates the need for pushrods
and often rocker arms. This helps
reduce valve weight and improve engine
response. Another benefit of this design
is that there is more flexibility in where
the valves are placed, so they can be

16

A dual overhead camshaft (DOHC)

positioned for optimal engine breathing

(the ability to take in the air/fuel
mixture and expel combustiongases).
A single overhead camshaft (SOHC)
design uses one camshaft per cylinder
head. The camshaft operates both
intake and exhaust valves for that
cylinder head. It can move the valves
directly, or with the use of rocker arms
when both the intake and exhaust

engines are longer than comparable

V-shaped engines, in-line engines are
inherently more vibration-free. There
is a cause-and-effect relationship
between the number of cylinders of an
engine and its vibration: the fewer the
cylinders, the greater the vibration.
In-line engines also need just one
cylinder head and one set of valve
train components, unlike V-shaped or
horizontally opposedengines.
A V-shaped engine configuration is
shaped with of the cylinders opposite
the other half, usually at 60 or 90 to
each other, thereby forming a V shape.
In many cases, this design is more
compact than the in-line arrangement,
allowing designers more flexibility in the
size of the enginecompartment.

valves are not in one straight line. This

Multi-Displacement System(MDS)

occurs in overhead camshaft multivalve

MDS is a feature found on the 5.7

engines where the intake valves and

HEMI V8 engines that allows the

Terminology
engine to shut down four cylinders

transmission control systems. If these

during periods of low torque demand.

control system components need

The MDS system permits the engine

service, an amber indicator lamp

to produce high power during

reading Check Engine or Service

acceleration but to save petrol during

Engine Soon willilluminate.

steadystatecruising.

Be sure to point out to your customers

Multivalve Engine Technology

that, although the vehicle is usually

Multivalve engines refer to those with

driveable and will not require towing,

more than one exhaust and one intake

they should see their dealer for service

valve per cylinder. The extra valves

as soon as possible if the indicator lamp

improve engine breathing the flow

is illuminated. If the indicator lamp is

of the air/fuel mixture in and exhaust

flashing, immediate service is required.

gases out of the combustionchamber.

Refer your customers to their Owners

Sequential Multipoint Electronic

Fuel Injection (SMPI)
Most of todays engines use SMPI.
systems provide for improved engine
performance, enhanced fuel efficiency
and easier engine start-up. Multipoint
simply means that the engine uses
several fuel injectors. Usually, there is
one injector per cylinder. For example,
the 2.4 SMPI I-4 engine features
four cylinders and four fuel injectors.

thissystem.


Enhanced
Accident
Response (Ears)
In the event of an accident, this
system makes it easier for emergency
personnel to see and reach the
occupants by turning on the interior
lighting and unlocking the doors after
air bag deployment. It also shuts off
the flow of fuel to the engine.

Sequential means that these injectors

are activated in a specific order, or

sequence, exactly when they are
needed, for optimumefficiency.

 our-Wheel-Drive
F
(4WD) Systems

Onboard Diagnostics, Second

Phase (OBDII)

The Jeep brands legendary 4WD

To meet new government regulations

systems can be used in a variety of on-

and promote cleaner air, newer

and off-highwayconditions.

Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge brand

Part-Time Systems

vehicles are equipped with a

sophisticated onboard diagnostic
system that monitors the performance
of the emissions, engine and automatic

Terminology

Typically, electronic fuel injection

Manual for further information about

Command-Trac

When the Command-Trac part-time

4WD system is engaged, both front
and rear driveshafts are locked by a

17

Terminology
chain and gearset and always turn

road settings, including dry pavement

at the same speed, forming a single

conditions not typically suited for

drivingunit.

conventional part-time 4WDsystems.

This is a rigid connection that does not

This system offers a 4WD Auto mode

allow for any differential action between

that is ideal for driving on all surfaces,

front and rear driveshafts. Thus,

all the time. When driving in 4WD Auto

Command-Trac should not be engaged

mode, the system uses sensors to

on dry paved roads, as drivetrain noise

adjust and redirect torque between the

and binding mayoccur.

front and rear axles based upon real-

Command-Trac II

Command-Trac II operates identically to

The system includes a 2WD mode,

Command-Trac, but features electronic

a low-range 4WD Low mode and a

transfer case shiftcontrols.

neutralmode.

Rock-Trac

Quadra-Trac II

Rock-Trac is a high-performance

Quadra-Trac II is an active full-time

part-time transfer case for serious

4WD system using an electric-shift

4x4 enthusiasts. A very low gear ratio

transfer case with a centre differential,

of 4.00:1 provides awesome drive

coupled with an electronically controlled

torque to the front and rear axles.

clutch pack. Quadra-Trac II utilises

The Rock-Trac system includes a skid

All-Speed Traction Control (ASTC)

plate to help protect the transfer case

to provide even torque distribution,

components from damage, increasing

resulting in enough traction to maintain

value and peace of mind when

forward motion under mostconditions.

Terminology

travelling the unchartedroad.

18

time drivingconditions.

Quadra-Drive II

Full-Time Systems

The Quadra-Drive II active full-time 4WD

Freedom-Drive I

system instantly anticipates and detects

Freedom-Drive I is the active full-time

slip. The system uses a centre differential

electronically controlled 4WD system

coupled with an electronically controlled

found on Jeep Compass and Patriot.

clutch pack and Electronic Limited-

It includes a LOCK mode to set the

Slip Differentials (ELSDs). The ELSDs

front/rear torque split for especially

instantly transfer torque across the axles

slipperyconditions.

for outstanding tractive performance,

TM

Selec-Trac II

The Selec-Trac II 4WD system is a

full-time, active system that anticipates
and prevents wheel slip before it
occurs. It is ideal for a wide range of

while electric shift simplifies transfer case

operation for thecustomer.

Frames
See Body Construction.

Terminology

 reedom Top
F
Hard Top

Jeep Wrangler models offer the

available Freedom Top three-piece
modular hardtop as an alternative to
the soft top. The hard top features a
left and right panel, covering the driver
and front passenger, in addition to the
rear top for additional functionality
and versatility. Removal of the panels,

beam stalk on the steering column.

The nozzle delivers fluid drawn from
the front washer reservoir, using a
reversing washer pump motor. The
motor runs in one direction to pump
fluid to the windscreenwashers.

Height-Adjustable
Shoulder Belts
See Seat Belts.

be simple by loosening the knobs at the

High-Intensity Discharge
(HID) Headlamps

centre of the roof, with the left panel

See Lighting.

being removed first, then the right.

Hill Descent Control

weighing 6.57 kg each, is designed to

Removal of the rear panel is a twoperson operation as the panel weighs

See Electronic Stability Programme (ESP).

Hill Start Assist

kg on four-door (Wrangler Unlimited)

See Electronic Stability Programme (ESP).

models. Constructed of sheet-molded

compound (SMC) plastic, the hard top

is durable and weather-resistant.

Front Suspension
Components and Features

Infrared Dual-Zone
Climate Control

See Suspension.

Some models offer an Infrared Dual-

Front-Wheel Drive (FWD)

Zone Climate Control system, which

See Drivetrain Configurations.

utilises infrared sensing technology to

provide a superior level of occupant
comfort. An infrared sensor, mounted

G
GPS Navigation System
See uconnect gps.

in the face of the control unit,

independently measures the surface
temperature of the driver, front
passenger, and the surrounding interior
surfaces, then adjusts airflow according

H
Headlamp Washers
Where available, the headlamp washer
system is controlled by the wiper/high-

to the comfort level (temperature)

selected by the driver and front
passenger, taking into account
environmental factors that might affect
occupantcomfort.

Terminology

45.4 kg on two-door models and 54.4

19

Terminology
Dual sun sensors (photo diodes) are

driving, which will allow cranking the

located on top of the instrument panel.

engine without applying the clutch,

Because passengers in sun and shadow

follow thesesteps:

require different functional settings

as they experience very different
temperatures, the sun sensors balance
the system in response to such side-toside variations in sun loading and help

behind the glove boxcompartment

2. P
 ut a 20-amp fuse in the PDC Clutch
Override Cavity (#28) marked as

comfortlevel.

Clutch Override. Note: A fuse is

The inside emergency boot-lid release

can be operated without battery power,
and its handle glows in the dark for
easy accessibility inside theboot.
Terminology

Distribution Centre (PDC or fuse block)

maintain each individual passengers

Inside Emergency
Boot-Lid Release

provided in PDC Cavity F19 or F20

marked as aspare
3. Be sure to re-engage the Clutch-Starter
Interlock safety feature by following
these steps in reverse order when you
have finished your off-pavementdriving

Interlock Systems

Brake-Park Interlock
Brake-Park Interlock is standard on all
vehicles equipped with an automatic
transmission. This feature allows the
transmission to be shifted out of Park
onlywhen pressure is applied to the
brakepedal.

20

1. Locate the instrument panel Power

Knee Blocker, Inflatable

An inflatable knee blocker is available
on the driver side of Chrysler PT
Cruiser. The inflatable knee blocker
increases driver impact protection by
providing upper leg cushioning while

Clutch-Starter Interlock

helping to position the driver relative to

Clutch-Starter Interlock prevents the

the front airbag.

starter from cranking the engine while

the clutch is engaged. Fully applying

Knee Bolsters

the clutch pedal closes the contacts

Many Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge vehicles

and allows the starter to operate. This

feature knee bolsters along the bottom

feature is standard on all vehicles

of the instrument panel to help absorb

equipped with a manualtransmission.

impact energies and prevent the front-

This feature is automatically bypassed

on Jeep Cherokee and Wrangler when

the transfer case is shifted into4LO.

seat occupants from sliding under

the instrument panel in the event of
a collision. Used in conjunction with
seat belts, knee bolsters help place the

To temporarily bypass this feature on

occupant in the proper position for an

Jeep Wrangler while off-pavement

air bag to be of maximumusefulness.

Terminology

L
Lighting
Halogen Headlamps
Halogen headlamps have a much brighter
light than non-halogen incandescent
headlamps. This is true in both high and
low beams. On high beam, the light is
approximately 25% brighter than when
on low beam for better visibility. Despite
the brighter light, halogen headlamps do
not use more electrical power than nonhalogen incandescentheadlamps.
Quad-Beam Halogen Headlamps

High Intensity Discharge (HID)

Headlamps
HID low-beam headlamps provide
approximately two times the light
output of conventional reflector lamps
for even better nighttime illumination.
Their light appears bluish compared
to conventional lamps, but their
spectrum is closer to that of sunlight
than halogen or incandescent bulbs to
further improve nighttimevisibility.

Low-Speed Traction
Control
See Traction Control.

Quad-beam halogen headlamps offer

for all driving conditions. With a wider
beam pattern and greater range than

Memory System

preceding headlamps, quad-beam

This feature provides drivers with a

halogen headlamps offer the power of

level of personalised driving comfort.

four distinct bulbs, all of which have

Two key fobs that control the

high- and low-beamcapability.

personalised settings of two individual

SmartBeam Headlamps

drivers are provided. Settings include

Intelligent headlamp system that

the programming of the power

adjusts to ambient light and oncoming

drivers seat, exterior power mirror(s),

traffic to deliver maximum lighting.

adjustable pedals and radio settings, all

TM

Submersible Halogen Fog Lamps

Halogen fog lamps shed a 108 beam
of light. They provide better visibility
in fog, heavy rain and snow. The fog
lamps are also water-resistant while
fording rivers or streams in off-highway
situations. These lamps allow heat to
dissipate from the lamp chamber, but
are almost impervious to water and
moisture.

of which are available for instantaneous

recall. Radio settings include up to 20
preset stations and the last station
selected, even if it is not among
the 20 preselected. As an additional
refinement, the seat moves 51 mm
(2") rearward when the key is removed
from the ignition, thus providing
clearance from the steering wheel and
an easyexit.

Terminology

an exceptional supply of illumination

21

Terminology

Moonroof
See Power Sunroof/Moonroof.

Multi-Displacement
System (MDS)
See Engine Components and Features.

P
Park Assist System*
The Park Assist System, available
on select models, is another tool, in
addition to the inside and outside
rearview mirrors, to help drivers

N
Navigation System

manoeuvre in tight spaces at parking

speeds. When the driver selects the
Reverse or Neutral transmission gear,
the system scans for larger, stationary

See uconnect gps.

objects that might be outside the

NVH
Noise, Vibration and Harshness. By
isolating and reducing these three

drivers line of sight. Objects as far away

as 1.8 metres (71") can bedetected.

Terminology

characteristics as much as possible,

22

vehicle occupants experience a

smoother, quieter ride.

O

Obstacle
Detection
System

The warning display in the rear headliner

provides both visible and audible

On models equipped with power sliding

warnings. The module contains two sets

doors, power folding seats and/or power

of yellow and red LEDs that the driver

liftgate, the Obstacle Detection System

can see in the rearview mirror. Each side

prevents the power door from closing if

of the vehicle has its own warningLEDs.

an obstacle is encountered.

Overhead Rail System

The system provides a visual warning by

illuminating one or more yellow LEDs as

Where available, the Overhead Rail

the vehicle gets closer to the object. As

System includes two aluminium rails

the vehicle approaches the near region

that run from the front of the vehicle to

for the system, one red LED is illuminated

the rear. It features movable/removable

and the system emits a series of short

modules for storage bins and rear air

beeps. The tone will remain constant and

conditioning controls. Storage modules

both red LEDs are illuminated once the

can be latched into place asdesired.

vehicle is within 31 cm (12") of the object.

The system can be turned on or off to suit
the drivers preference through theEVIC.

Terminology
Because of the short distance in which

Similar to the system used with available

the sensors will detect an object behind

power sliding doors, the power liftgate

these vehicles, there is a chance that

includes an Obstacle Detection System*

the sensors will not detect an object

that works both in opening and closing

quickly enough should the vehicle be

directions. A beeping tone from a tone

moving too fast when backing up.

generator in the light bar sounds for two

Some vehicles offer Park Assist on the

seconds before the liftgate starts opening

front of the vehicle as well as therear.

or closing to alert people in the area of this

*Always check entire surroundings before backingup.

action, and continues during the first two

Passenger-Side Power
Sliding Door

seconds of movement (Chrysler Grand

See Sliding Side Doors.

to avoid damage to the door or the

Pedals
See Adjustable Pedals, Power.

resistance to movement and reverses

obstruction. In addition, this innovative
system learns the conditions of normal
operation, including parking on grades,
and updates this knowledge continually to

(Also see Torque)

account for changes due toweather.

Usually expressed in kilowatts or

*Detects most obstacles. As with all electronically

controlled systems, care isadvised.

horsepower, engine power is the ability

of an engine to produce work. In the
automotive realm, power is generally

 ower Sunroof/
P
Moonroof

more important for steady-state cruising

The power sunroof/moonroof, found on

and top speed, whereas torque is more

select models, includes tinted glass to

important for acceleration and passing.

reduce interior heat buildup. It can slide

Power Liftgate
Powered by an electric motor, opening
or closing the liftgate takes only a few
seconds. Push buttons on the remote
keyless entry key fob and in the
overhead console operate the power
liftgate, as well as the conventional
method of using the liftgates key
(Chrysler Grand Voyager only). System
logic allows one button to open and close
the liftgate. The Body Control Module
(BCM) contains logic that prevents the
liftgate from opening when the vehicle is
moving under enginepower.

open or tilt up to act as a vent. Some

models include a one-touch-expressopen feature as an added convenience.
When the roof is opened, a small air
deflector automatically extends to
reduce airflow into the vehicle interior.
Controls for this feature are located in
the overhead console. A colour-keyed
window shade is included and can be
slid forward to block out incominglight.

Terminology

Power

Voyager only). The mechanism detects

23

Terminology
Express Open/Close
The sunroof/moonroof available on
some models features an Express
Open/Closefeature.
To operate the roof, press the open
or close end of the roof rocker switch
once and the roof moves to the fully
open or fully closed position. The roof
can also be tilted upward at the rear
for ventilation, or slid rearward under
the roof when fully opened. A manually
sliding sunshade is included to cover the

Terminology

deep-tinted glass panel when not inuse.

24

R
Rail-Thru Construction
See Body Construction.

Rear Axles
The proper rear axle ratio is essential
in order to ensure dependable and
efficient handling of vehicle workload.
Power transfer from propeller shaft to
rear axle is by means of a pinion gear
that meshes with a ring gear in the rear
axle. With the hypoid-type ring gear, the
two gears mesh slightly below centre.

Another useful feature is the ability

This lower placement permits a larger

of the sunroof/moonroof to detect

pinion with more tooth contact area. The

an obstacle during express closing.

hypoid-type pinion gear, which is used

If an obstacle (such as an occupants

in most Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge axles,

finger) is detected in the path of the

lowers the propeller shaft and reduces

glass during closing, the motor will

the transmission tunnelhump.

automatically stop and reversetravel.

Power Windows

Full-Floating Axles
Vehicle and payload weight is supported

Control buttons on the drivers door

by the axle tubes. Wheel and load

offer the convenience of raising or

stresses are carried through double-

lowering the vehicle side windows from

opposed, tapered roller wheel bearings,

the drivers seat. A single control button

allowing axle shafts that carry driving

is located on the passenger-side door

power to rear wheels to literally float

for the passengers convenience.

inside rearaxlehousings.

Some models feature flush-mounted,

Semi-Floating Axles

pull-up/push-down window switches

The wheel bearings on semi-floating

designed to reduce power-window

axles are carried directly on the axle

injuries to children. Also available on

shaft. The axle shafts and wheel

select models is an advanced sensing

bearings not only transmit power to

system that automatically engages

the wheels, they also must carry some

and reverses the window, helping to

of the weight of the vehicle and resist

prevent injuries.

stresses from skidding, turning corners

and tractiveforces.

Terminology
Differential Operation

To accomplish this, the differential

The differential gear system divides

becomes effective, allowing the axle

torque between the axle shafts. It allows

shafts to turn at unequalspeeds.

the axle shafts to rotate at different

speeds when turning corners. Each
differential side gear is fitted with a spline
or groove that matches a specific axle
shaft. The differential pinion is mounted
on a shaft and is free to rotate on the

The pinion gears rotate around the

differential pinion shaft in opposite
directions. This allows the side gear and
axle shaft attached to the outside wheel
to rotate at a fasterspeed.

shaft. The pinion gear is fitted in a bore

Locking Front and Rear Differentials

in the differential case and is positioned

Most 4WD trucks are equipped with open

at a right angle to the axleshafts.

front and rear differentials. This design

In operation, power flow occurs as

follows:

is used because it allows each wheel to

turn independently, helping to eliminate
binding when cornering. A disadvantage
of using an open differential is that when

The ring gear (bolted to the

one or more wheels lose traction, all of

differential case) rotates thecase

The differential pinions (mounted on

the power is directed to those wheels,

resulting in a loss ofmomentum.

the differential pinion shaft in the

Some Jeep and Dodge vehicles are

case) rotate the sidegears

equipped with electronically locking

The side gears (splined to the

front and/or rear differentials.

axle shafts) rotate the shafts.

These differentials, when engaged,

During straight-ahead driving, the

mechanically lock together the axle

differential pinions do not rotate on

shafts, forcing the wheels to spin at

the differential pinion shaft. This

an equal rate. This allows the vehicle

occurs because input torque applied

to maintain its momentum and thus

to the gears is divided and distributed

prevents it from becomingstuck.

equally between the two sidegears

The locking front and rear differentials

As a result, the differential pinions

should only be engaged during low-

revolve with the differential pinion

speed, extreme off-road situations

shaft, but do not rotate around it. When

where one wheel is likely to not be

turning corners, the outside wheel must

in contact with the ground. It is not

travel a greater distance than the inside

recommended that the vehicle be

wheel in order to complete a turn. This

driven with the differentials locked on

difference must be compensated for

pavement, due to speedlimitations and

in order to prevent the wheels from

reduced turning ability.

scuffing and skidding through the turn.

Terminology

The drive pinion rotates the ringgear

25

Terminology
Limited-Slip Differentials

Lower engine rpm

Some of our vehicles feature limited-

Reduced power output

slip differentials. When one wheel spins

due to a lack of traction, the limited-slip
differential delivers torque to the other

A high numerical axle ratio, such as

wheel. The result is that more driving

4.10:1, is called a low ratio, because

force is transmitted to the wheel with

the road speed is relatively slow to

better traction than with a standard

engine speed. The characteristics of

differential. When road traction

this ratioare:

conditions are about equal under each

driving wheel, the differential operates
as a conventionaldifferential.
Axle Ratios
An axle ratio is the ratio between the

Terminology

driveshaft rpm and axle shaft rpm. The

Higher engine rpm

Increased power output
Lower fuel economy

 ear Back-Up
R
Camera*

axle ratio is critical in the operation

Provides a wide-angle view of the

of the transmission/driveshaft/axle

area immediately behind the vehicle,

system that transmits engine torque to

giving the driver greater peace of

the driving wheels and lets the engine

mind before backing up. Also aids in

develop sufficient rpm to runefficiently.

lining up a trailer to the vehicles trailer

With too few rpm, an engine pulling

a load on a grade is likely to lug
and overheat. With too many rpm, an
engine will run noisily, get poor fuel
economy and wear faster. The best

26

Higher fuel economy

hitch, when so equipped. The image

automatically displays on the radio
screen when the transmission is shifted
into Reverse.
* Always check entire surroundings before backing up.

axle ratio for the intended application

lets the engine operate in its optimum
power range, typically between peak
torque and peak horsepower. This
optimum range is different for each
engine and can be determined from the

Rear Seat Video System

engines torque/rpmchart.

See DVD Video Entertainment System

TM

(VES ).

A low numerical axle ratio, such as

3.21:1, is called a high ratio, because

Rear Seats

the road speed is relatively fast for any

See Seats.

given engine speed. The characteristics

of a low numerical ratioare:

Terminology

Rear Suspension
Components and Features
See Suspension.

Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD)

See Drivetrain Configurations.

 earview Mirror,
R
Auto-Dimming

range of approximately 6-12 metres (20

to 40 feet), depending on the vehicle.
The transmitter is omnidirectional,
meaning it does not have to be aimed
at the vehicle for it towork.

Remote Start
This convenient feature is available
on some Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge

vehicles. Using a button integrated

mirror adjusts automatically and filters

into the key fob, the driver can start

the glare produced by the headlamps of

the vehicle from up to 90 metres (300

vehicles approaching from the rear. Its

feet) away. To acknowledge the start

built-in sensor detects brightness and

command was received, the horn

adjusts to a dimmed reflection. Push in

will sound and the headlamps will

the button on the base of the mirror to

flash. Once the vehicle has started,

activate the dimming feature. A lamp

the parking lights will remain on. The

on the button will illuminate when the

vehicle will only run for 15 minutes

feature is on. Select models feature an

and then will shut off if the key is not

auto-dimming drivers sideview mirror

turned torun.

aswell.

Remote Keyless Entry

All Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge vehicles

offer remote keyless entry with rolling

S
Seat Belts

code technology. This system allows

BeltAlert

the driver, through the use of a remote

The BeltAlert system is an enhanced

control transmitter, to lock and unlock

seat belt reminder system.

the vehicles doors and/or boot (or

liftgate, if applicable). On vehicles
equipped with power sliding doors and/or
a power liftgate, the transmitter includes
buttons for those functions aswell.

Terminology

An available electrochromic rearview

Constant-Force Retractors (CFR)

The front seat belts include a
mechanical device designed to
distribute the force of a seat belt
according to the load or force exerted

Inside the key fob is a battery-operated

on it. This technology is designed

transmitter that works the same way as

to force-limit the belt system and

a garage door opener. The transmitter

gradually release seat-belt webbing

works with a receiver in the vehicle at a

in a controlled manner.

27

Terminology
Height-Adjustable Shoulder Belts
A feature that helps make three-point
Unibelt restraints more comfortable to
wear is the ability to adjust the height
of the shoulder belt. Chrysler, Jeep
and Dodge vehicles provide heightadjustable shoulder belts atall front
outboard seating positions, and on
both the front outboard seats and the
intermediate-row outboard seating
positions onminivans.

Seats
Heated Seats
Nearly every Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge
vehicle that offers leather-trimmed
seats also offers available front-seat
heaters. Some models also offer heated
rear seats. Many models also offer
heated cloth front bucket seats, heating
the cushion and the seatback via very
reliable carbon-fiber heatingelements.
Flip n Stow

TM

Three-Point Centre-Rear
BeltSystem
Select Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge

vehicles feature athree-point seat belt

Terminology

for the centre-rear seating position.

that includes a front passenger seat

with a cushion that flips forward to
reveal a storage space below.

The retractor is concealed in the rear

Fold-Flat Front-Passenger Seat

window filler paneland the webbing

A fold-flat front-passenger seat on

exits through a slottedbezel.

some models allows the vehicle to carry

Emergency Tensioning Retractors

(ETRs)

long items. Carpeting on the seatback

protects it from scuffing when used as

Impacts that exceed the initial

a load-carryingsurface.

threshold infrontal, front-angled and

Stow n Go Seats

rear impacts trigger only the ETRs if

the seat belts are fastened but trigger
28

A seating system on the Dodge Journey

the air bags if the seat belts are not

fastened. Impacts that exceed the
higher threshold always trigger the air
bags. Driver and passenger systems
operate independently of one another
based on seat belt use. Toreduce the
cost of repairs, ETR actuation occurs
only if the seat belts are buckled. After
an impact that activates an ETR, the
retractor and pretensioner assembly
must bereplaced.

This seat configuration, available on

the Chrysler Grand Voyager, allows the
second-row seats to stow into storage
bins located under the floor no
longer is it necessary to remove the
seats to haul larger items. The head
restraints can be lowered and stowed
with the seat (there is no need to
remove them whenstowing).
To lower the seat, first lower the head
restraint, raise the armrest, close the
cup holder and slide the seat all the
way forward. Next, open the storage
bin cover and pull up on the recliner
handle to fold the seatback down. Pull

Terminology
the release strap, tumble the seat into

maximum versatility when transporting

the bin and close the cover. With the

cargo, passengers or a combination of

seats in the upright position, there is a

both. Jeep Wrangler Unlimited, Jeep

large bin creating hidden storage under

Grand Cherokee and Jeep Commander

the floor in the intermediaterow.

are equipped with a single-action splitfolding rear seat that provides the ability
and versatility to transport people or
cargo. A convenient pull strap allows the
seats to be quickly and easily foldedflat.
Jeep Cherokee comes equipped with an
easy-fold 65/35 split-folding rear bench
seat with six shopping-bag hooks on the

Swivel n Go Seats
TM

Swivel n Go features second-row seats

that swivel 180 degrees to face the
third-row with a removable table that

and more cargo room. When folded down,

the seats provide a flatter load floor
surface for increased utility and improved
cargo storage. Jeep Wrangler (2-door)
offers an easy-to-use Fold-and-Tumble
rear seat that can be repositioned or
removed to increase its cargo area. This
is done by folding the rear seatback and
tilting the entire seat forward on its pivot

Terminology

installs between the tworows.*

rear of the seatback, for added versatility

point. For maximum cargo space, the

entire seat can be folded and removed.
*Seats must always be locked in forward- or rearfacing mode while vehicle is in motion. When not
using table, both top and base must be properly
stowed. Always use seatbelts.

For more detailed instructions on any of

these versatile folding seats, refer to the
OwnersManual.

Tilt n Slide

Jeep Commander features a standard

The Tilt n Slide seating system on the

40/20/40 Fold-and-Tumble second-row

Dodge Journey includes second-row

seat. The two outboard seatbacks fold

seats that tilt up and slide forward with

down and tumble forward, allowing access

one hand operation to allow easier

to the third row from either side of the

access to the third-row seat.

vehicle. A lever on the outboard side of

Jeep Seating Options

All Jeep vehicles offer seating

configurations that include either folding,
Fold-and-Tumble or removable seats.
These flexible seating options allow for

the seat cushion releases the outboard

seatback for both folding and tumbling
forward, and the centre section folds
down to provide a flat load floor. Assist
handles on the bottom of the seats aid
with entry to the thirdrow.

29

Terminology
The 40/20/40 second-row seat also

Upon the purchase of a new vehicle,

features a fold-down armrest with

owners will receive two programmed

deployable cup holders. The armrest,

keys. Because the keys have electronics

which stows in the centre seatback, is

built in, additional keys can only be

wide enough for two elbows and long

obtained through Chrysler, Jeep or

enough for a forearm rest, yet allows

Dodge dealerships. Additional keys can

two adults to sit comfortably with their

be programmed either by the dealer

knees apart in the outboard positions.

or by the customer. However, in order

For added comfort, the outboard

to utilise the customer programming

seatbacks recline from 19to31.

feature, the customer must have two

Sentry Key

Terminology

valid keys in theirpossession.

The Sentry Key Engine Immobiliser

Advise your customers that their

utilises an electronically coded engine

key ring should not contain a Sentry

key that incorporates an embedded

Key from another vehicle, or any

transponder with a preprogrammed

other electronic device. Such devices

security key code. When the key

could interfere with the Sentry Key

is inserted into the ignition, the

and prevent your customer from

controller sends a random number

starting their vehicle. Simply tell your

to the transponder and the engine

customers that such items need to be

management system is allowed to

more than 25 mm (1") away from the

crank and start theengine.

ignition (a larger key ring will often

The advantages of this systeminclude:

Totally contactless high durability
andreliability
30

Coded communication for security

enhancement. No possibility of
hardwiring the circuit or other
manipulation to start thevehicle
Only one out of a possible

work) when they start their vehicle to

avoidinterference.

Shift-on-the-Fly
The ability to shift into 4WD high-range
without having to completely stop the
vehicle.

 ky Slider Full-Length
S
Retractable Roof
TM

4,000,000,000+ codes can start the

Jeep Cherokees available Sky Slider

vehicle, making it virtually impossible

full-length, open roof can be moved to

for thieves toduplicate

several positions, including full forward,

Passive activation/deactivation

full rear or partially open to any position

Quiet theft prevention without creating

in between with a convenient express

a nuisance (noise or flashinglamps)

one-touch switch. The Sky Slider

roof is made of a reinforced acrylic
cloth, similar to a cabrio top, which is

Terminology
weather-resistant and leak-proof. The

closing is avoided by including a positive

top panel nests into a weather strip

hold-open sliding door latch. Opening

seal to help minimise wind noise. The

and closing the door from the inside is a

roof utilises antipinch software that will

one-hand, one-grip operation. The sliding

prevent the roof from moving should it

door tracks for both sliding side doors are

detect an object in itspath.

located and concealed in the rear window

appliqu. The driver-side door includes
a fuel-filling door interlock. The interlock
prevents the sliding door from opening
if the fuel door is open. This avoids the
possibility of damage to thedoor.
Power Sliding Doors
Powered by the industrys first
inside-the-door motor, opening and
closing of the power sliding doors

High-strength steel beams used in

a vehicles doors that contribute to
static and dynamic occupant intrusion
protection.

Sliding Side Doors

takes approximately six seconds. The

doors can be operated individually in
four possible ways: the push-button
switches on the remote keyless entry
key fob, switches in the overhead
console, and switches on the pillars just
forward of the doors. From outside the
vehicle, you can also pull on the door

The driver- and/or passenger-side

handle and the motors will take over

sliding door provides the same easy

to open or close the door. Moreover,

access for second-row occupants that

an additional switch in the overhead

front passengers enjoy because the

console allows the driver to lock the

seat is immediately adjacent to the

pillar switches, ifdesired.

door. It also provides easy access to the

second-row area for the driver to assist
children or to stowcargo.

Terminology

 ide-Guard Door
S
Beams

The Power Sliding Door Module (PSDM)

prevents the power sliding doors
from opening when the vehicle is

Specially designed hinging and latching

moving forward under engine power.

mechanisms make the door easy to

Also, if something intrudes upon the

operate. Roller bearings are infused with

power sliding doors path, the power

lubricant for long life and plastic-coated

sliding door sensors detect it, and

for smooth operation. With low friction

automatically reverse direction. An

and gravity-induced movement (e.g.,

intrusion could be anything from a tree

when parked on an incline), inadvertent

branch to a childs arm. This Obstacle

31

Terminology
Detection System* works in both the

the throttle position eight times per

opening and closing directions. Obstacle

second. Also, when there is a sudden

detection in the opening direction is an

change in the ratio of engine speed

industry first. Lastly, the PSDM reverses

to the vehicle speed (through loss

movement if one of its three activating

of traction or an inadvertent shift to

switches ispressed.

Neutral), a safety feature immediately

*Detects most obstacles. As with all electronically

controlled systems, care is advised.

disables the speed control. The word

 peed Control,
S
Electronic

Terminology

Steering wheel-mounted switches

32

CRUISE illuminates on the instrument

cluster to indicate when the system is
turnedon.

Stain Repel

(except on select models where

Stain Repel is a stain-resistant,

they are stalk-mounted) operate the

odour-resistant, antistatic premium

features of electronic speed control.

seat fabric* with antimicrobial and

The system features switches for cruise

antistatic technology woven into the

ON/OFF, cancel, resume, accel, set

materialitself.

and coast. After the cruise ON/OFF

switch has been pressed, pushing and
releasing the set switch will engage the
speed control at the currentspeed.

*Not compatible with aftermarket fabric-protecting

coatings.

Steering
Power Steering

The accel switch, when held

With power-assisted steering, up to

down, allows for a constant rate of

80% of the work is done by hydraulic

acceleration and will increase the

power, actuated by turning the steering

desired set speed until the switch is

wheel. Driver fatigue is reduced because

released. When the driver taps the

of easier parking, easier manoeuvring

accel switch, the set speed is increased

at lower speeds, and easier steering on

approximately 3.2 km/h (2 mph) for

the highway. Driver fatigue is further

each tap. The coast switch, when held

reduced by the ability of power steering

down, allows for a constant rate of

to absorb most road shocks before they

deceleration and will reduce the speed

reach the steeringwheel.

control set speed until the switch is

released. When the brakes are applied
or the cancel button is pressed, the
speed control disengages. Pressing
the resume switch will accelerate the
vehicle back to the previous setspeed.

Speed-Sensitive Power Steering

Speed-sensitive power steering adjusts
the amount of power steering assist
to match changing driving conditions.
Conventional power steering systems
must compromise between providing

Electronic speed control uses an

enough assist for low-speed manoeuvring

electronic microprocessor that adjusts

and providing enough road feel at

Terminology
highway speeds. Speed-sensitive steering

power adjustable pedals, the tilt-and-

can be based on engine speed (rpm)

telescope steering column gives the

or actual vehicle speed. The systems

driver every known adjustment to

computer increases or decreases power

obtain a comfortable driving position.

steering assist depending on the engines

The column provides 60 mm (2.36")

rpm or vehicle speed. At higher speeds

of telescoping adjustment and 5.2 of

(rpm), assist is minimised, while at lower

tilt. The adjustments are continuously

speeds (rpm), assist ismaximised.

variable for maximum adaptability. A

Recirculating Ball Steering

The major components of this gear
assembly are the rack piston, worm
shaft, and sector gear. The power assist
is governed by a control valve that
directs fluid flow to thepiston.
Rack-and-Pinion Steering
assembly has an integral rack piston
that is permanently attached to the

resemble a roll-top desk conceals the

opening between the steering column
and the instrument panel needed
for tilt adjustment. A felt liner in the
column opening allows smooth, quiet
telescopingaction.
On some models, the tilt and telescope
functions are powered and are also included
in the available Memory Systemsettings.

rack. Power assist is provided by an

Stow n Go Seats

open-centre rotary-type control valve

See Seats.

that controls the fluid flow to each side

of thepiston.

Sunrider Soft Top

Jeep Wrangler features an available

Types of Mounting

Sunrider Soft Top, which includes a

There are two types of mounting for

sunroof feature that can be closed from

the steering linkage fore and aft.

inside the vehicle, and large, deep-tinted

Fore and aft refer to the location of

rear quarter windows. Essentially, the

the steering gear with respect to the

Sunrider Soft Top provides three options:

front axle. The type of gear mounting

sunroof open, soft top up, or soft top

is determined by the cab configuration.

down. Not only does the soft top enhance

If the steering gear is behind the front

the exterior appearance, but it provides a

axle, it is known as aft mounting. If

number of options for connecting with the

the steering gear is in front of the front

outdoors and the open air, including the

axle, it is called foremounting.

large sunroof that opens the sky to the

Steering Columns
Tilt-and-telescope steering columns are
standard on many models. Combined
with available power seats and optional

Terminology

The power-assisted rack-and-pinion

roller-mounted shade that is grooved to

front-seat occupants on Wrangler twodoor models, while the Wrangler Unlimited

sunroof opens to both the front and
rear-seat occupants. The soft top opens
by detaching the mouldings on the sides

33

Terminology
of the Sunrider Soft Top from the door

commonly used on the rear of trucks

opening, which can be done while sitting in

and some minivans and sport-utility

the vehicle or standing outside it. Next, the

vehicles because of their proven,

top front is unlatched from the windscreen

rugged, simple design and heavy load-

header at the sun visors, thenfolded back

carrying capability. Unlike coil springs,

and secured with a leatherstrap.

leaf springs do not need extra support

Sunroof

to counteract forces on thewheels.

See Power Sunroof/Moonroof.

Four-Wheel Independent
Suspension

Suspension

simply a design in which a wheel is

has been matched with a suspension

not directly connected to or affected

system designed to optimise its

by another wheel on the vehicle.

performance. To help you better explain

Allowing awheel to move up and down

these systems to your customers, a

independently over a bump means that

description of important systems and

only that wheel reacts providing a

components is included in thissection.

smoother, more stableride.

Coil and Leaf Springs

Multilink Suspension

Coil springs consist of a steel rod that

The links that make up a multilink

is coiled into a spring. This rugged

suspension are really just arms that

design supports the weight of the car

counteract the side forces placed on

while allowing the wheels to travel up

the wheels during driving. When going

and down over bumps. Coil springs

around a corner, a wheel wants to move

need extra support to counteract side

outward or inward. A lateral link holds

forces applied to the wheels while

the wheel in position during such side-

driving. This support usually comes

to-side manoeuvring. A longitudinal link

from arms and links. All front and some

holds the wheel in place during braking

rear suspensions on Chrysler, Jeep and

andacceleration.

Terminology

34

An independent suspension design is

Each Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge vehicle

Dodge vehicles feature integral coil

spring and shock absorber units of the
MacPherson-strut type. Leaf springs are
built from superimposed, narrow, flatsectioned steel plates or leaves that
resist bending under heavyloads.

Double-Wishbone
SuspensionDesign
A double-wishbone suspension consists
oflower and upper control arms, each
shaped similarly to a wishbone. This design
provides good stability during cornering,

Coil springs are the most popular style

acceleration and braking. Because of its

of suspension component because their

added control and responsiveness, this

greater range of movement provides

sophisticated suspension system is often

a comfortable ride. Leaf springs are

used in auto racing.

Terminology
MacPherson Struts

Watts Linkage

MacPherson struts are popular

A Watts linkage design in the rear

components on modern cars because

suspension helps prevent and control

they save weight and space. These

lateral movement of the rear axle.

savings are accomplished by combining

There are fewer side-to-side variations

the shock absorber and spring into one

for more precisehandling.

unit. At the bottom, a MacPherson strut

attaches to a control arm or knuckle,
which is attached to the wheel assembly.
At the top, the strut is mounted directly
to the unibody of thecar.

Shock Absorbers (Dampers)

A shock absorbers primary function is
to keep the tyre firmly on the ground.
Shock absorbers are classified as either
oil- or gas-charged. A piston inside
is forced against this oil, causing a

select models features a high roll centre

dampening effect as the shock goes

that contributes to its crisp steering and

up and down. Gas-charged shocks are

reduces body lean during cornering.

filled with oil and a low-pressure gas

Stamped lower control arms have

that keeps the shock oil from foaming

horizontal spool bushings at the front

due to overheating. By eliminating

inboard pivots for responsive handling, and

foaming, these shocks are better able

vertical spool bushings at the rear pivot to

to keep the tyres firmly planted on

control after-shake caused by roadbumps.

rough driving surfaces and provide a

A front stabiliser bar further minimises

more comfortableride.

body lean in tight turns and sharp

cornering manoeuvres. It is connected to
the lower control arms through individual
links to help avoid harshness.

A load-leveling shock absorber is a selfleveling, self-contained vehicle-leveling

system and shock absorber combined.
The height-leveling sensors and the

MacPherson strut refers to a specific

hydraulic pump are contained inside

design. Most vehicles use slight variations

the shock absorber. Road irregularities,

on this design and are often called

vehicle starts, stops, deceleration and

MacPherson-type strut suspensions,

acceleration will activate the pumping,

or just strut-type suspensions. Note:

which results in the extension and

When MacPherson-type struts are used

compression of the shockabsorber.

on the rear suspension, they are called

Chapman struts.

Terminology

The MacPherson-strut front suspension on

35

Terminology
Stabiliser Bar

The Quadra-Coil suspension design

When a vehicle turns a corner, it leans

enhances dynamic running ground

to the outside of the turn. This leaning,

clearance while offhighway.

called body roll, is undesirable because

it can reduce control through corners,
resulting in unstable handling or
tracking. To help prevent this leaning,
a stabiliser bar is used. The stabiliser
bar(s) connects the suspension of one
wheel to the suspension of the wheel
across from it and transfers some of the
force, resulting in more stable cornering
with minimal leaning. Some vehicles
use a stabiliser bar at the rear of the
vehicle, along with one at thefront.

Terminology

SLA Front Suspension

An SLA short/long arm front
suspension employs premium features
based on world-class geometry to
provide excellent handling and ride
characteristics. High upper control
arms, which place the upper ball joints
above the tyres, provide suspension
articulation that helps keep the tyres
perpendicular to the road during
36

The multilink suspension combines

solid axles with coil springs at all four
corners. It improves ride quality while
providing optimum ingress/egress,
ride height and superior handling. It
decreases lean, bounce and head-toss
characteristics, eliminates rough-road
skate and improves the ride-versusload relationship. It also improves
steering precision and on-centre
response, eliminates axle hop and
improves overall durability, reliability
and customersatisfaction.
SUVPS
Safety/Security, Utility, Value,
Performance, Styling. SUVPS helps us
think about product features in relation
to customer wants and needs. Each
SUVPS category represents a collection
of product features that should be
tailored for each customer.

cornering for high adhesion. Lateral

links and tension struts, rather than
one-piece lower control arms, position

Safety/
Security

Utility

the lower ends of the steering knuckles.

Consistent with premium suspension
system practice, these links attach
to the steering knuckle via separate

Value

Performance

balljoints.
Quadra-Coil Suspension
TM

Jeep Wrangler models utilise a Quadra-

enhanced riding comfort and a more

Tilt-and-Telescope
Steering Column

car-like feel on-road without sacrificing

See Steering Columns.

Coil suspension system that provides

Jeep vehicle performance off-road.

Styling

Terminology

Tip Start
Tip Start is a feature which allows
customers to crank and start the

feature low-speed traction control indicator

lamps (TRAC OFF and TRAC CONT), which
are located in the instrumentpanel.

engine by turning the key to the start

The amber TRAC OFF indicator

position and then releasing it. The

illuminates when the system has been

vehicle electronics will then take over

manually deactivated with the traction

the cranking and starting process to

control switch, or when it has been

ensure that proper engine speed is

disabled by a fault in the system. The

attained, to release the starter motor

green TRAC CONT indicator illuminates

at the appropriate time, and to prevent

only when the system is actively

double starts. The benefits of this feature

controlling wheelslip.

are to make the cranking process more

predictable, to preserve battery and ring
gear life by preventing extendedcranking.

Torque
A measure of rotational force, usually
expressed in Newton-metres or poundfeet. Torque is the force that produces
acceleration and good off the line
performance.

Traction Control

The ASTC system uses signals from

the same wheel-speed sensors as
the ABS (antilock brake system) to
determine when to apply the brakes
to one or more wheels and when to
reduce engine torque output using the
Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) to help
prevent wheel slip during acceleration.
With all-speed traction control reducing
engine torque as well as applying the
brakes, it is possible to achieve almost

Low-Speed Traction Control

seamless torque application at the

The low-speed traction control system

drive wheels. ASTC also benefits from

uses the same wheel speed sensors as the

state-of-the-art electronics that provide

antilock brake system to determine how

much faster system response than in

fast each wheel is turning. If these sensors

thepast.

indicate that a particular wheel is slipping

while accelerating, the system applies

Four-Wheel Brake Traction Control

System (BTCS)

braking power to that wheel to help regain

This system is used on Jeep 4x4

traction. Most models offer low-speed

vehicles for optimum traction on- and

traction control functional at speeds up

off-road. It senses drive-wheel slip and

to approximately 40 km/h (25 mph). The

applies individual brakes to the slipping

system automatically activates when the

wheel(s), reducing excess engine power

vehicle is started, but may be manually

until traction is regained.

turned off by the driver if desired. Most

vehicles equipped with traction control

Terminology

(Also see Power)

All-Speed Traction Control (ASTC)

37

Terminology
require a torque converter to transfer

Transaxles
Transaxle is a term used to describe
the manual or automatic transmission
axle unit on most FWD vehicles. They

engine torque to the transmission.

Instead, it uses wet multiplateclutches.

Transfer Case

combine the function of the transmission

A supplemental gearbox used on 4WD

and differential and are used for their

and some AWD vehicles that splits torque,

weight reduction and space saving

sending some to the front wheels and

design. Because of the wide variety of

some to the rear wheels.

transaxles used on Chrysler, Jeep and

Dodge vehicles, please see the vehiclespecific information for the model about
which you havequestions.

Transmissions
Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge vehicles
have five- and six-speed manual
transmissions, four-, five-, and sixspeed automatic transmissions, as well
as a continuously variable transaxle

Terminology

(CVT2). Due to the wide variety of

transmissions used, please see the
vehicle-specific information for a model.

Tru-Lok
Dual-Clutch Transaxle (DCT)
A dual-clutch transaxle is an automatic
transaxle which utilises dual launch and
shift clutches with a manual transmission
style lay-shaft gear arrangement, instead

38

of a conventional torque converter and

A system employing electronically

controlled lockers for the rear or both
front and rear differentials.

 yre Pressure
T
Monitoring (TPM)
System

planetary gears. One clutch drives the odd

This system monitors the pressure

numbered gears and reverse, while the

inside each tyre and has the ability

other clutch drives the even numbered

to alert drivers to a dangerous tyre

gears. During shifts, the next gear is

pressure condition both when the

anticipated and preselected. Then one

tyre pressure is low and, in some

clutch is opened while the other is closed,

cases, when the pressure is high.

allowing shifting without torque interruption.

Underinflated tyres can also contribute

The result is quicker acceleration and

to poor fuel economyperformance.

refined shift quality. Further, with the

lay-shaft arrangement of gears, there
is increased flexibility to optimise gear
ratio selection for performance and fuel
economy. Dual-clutch transaxles do not

The Tyre Pressure Monitoring System

utilises radio frequency technology.
This monitoring system uses a batteryoperated electronic sensor for each

Terminology
wheel. The sensor is mounted on the

traction and roadability, and allow them

rim inside of the tyre and connected

to readily flex independently of the

to the tyres valve stem. The sensors

tread so the tread stays on the road

monitor the air pressure inside each

surface when the car is cornering or

individual tyre and then transmit

going in a straightline.

the tyre-pressure data using a highfrequency radio signal to the Electronic

Vehicle Information Centre (EVIC)
located inside the vehicle. The EVIC
compares the transmitted data to a
specified range of acceptable pressure
levels and alerts the driver if there is
a problem. Models without EVIC have
a tyre pressure warning lamp in the
instrumentcluster.

Tyres
Our vehicles feature steel-belted radial
tyres as standard equipment. Steelbelted tyres have a long life expectancy
and offer high resistance to road
hazards. Depending on the model,
these tyres are either an all-season
(mud- and snow-rated) design, touring
design, or a handling/ performanceorienteddesign.
All-season tyres possess a unique
combination of ride and handling

These tyres are offered on several

Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge vehicles.
Their tread pattern channels water,
slush and snow from under the tyre
so it can better grip the road. Usually
a change to snow tyres in winter is
unnecessary with thesetyres.
Basic Tyre Construction Radial Ply
In this construction, the tyre body
ply(s) runs from bead to bead at an
angle of approximately 90 from the
circumferential direction. Relatively
inextensible belts composed of very low
angle cords encompass the tyre body
beneath the tread. This construction
gives greater rigidity to the tread and
flexibility to the sidewall. The belts
restrict tread motion during contact
with the road, thus improving treadlife.
Size Designations What Sidewall
MarkingsMean

characteristics, while also providing

Sidewall markings on the P metric

long tread life, low rolling resistance for

tyres look likethis:

fuel efficiency, and excellent all-weather

P235/75R15

traction. Their tread patterns channel

water, slush and snow from under the
tyre to improvetraction.
Tread patterns on performance tyres
are optimised for dry, smooth surfaces.

Terminology

Steel-Belted Radial Tyres

All-Season Performance Tyres

P: passenger car-type tyre

235: tyre cross-section width in
millimetres
75: height-to-width ratio (aspect ratio)

Radially constructed tyres have flexible

R: radial tyre construction

side walls that provide excellent

15: rim diameter in inches

39

Terminology
P metric tyres are designed in

construction, a twin ply of either

kilopascals (kPa) for inflation; tyre

fabric, fiberglass or rubber-insulated

sidewall markings will also show load in

steel surrounds the circumference

pounds (lb) and inflation in pounds per

of the tyre directly under the tread.

square inch(psi).

This belt holds the tread firm and

Sidewall markings on the LT metric

tyres look likethis:
LT245/70R17
LT: light truck tyre
245: tyre cross-section width in
millimetres
70: height-to-width ratio

Terminology

(aspectratio)

40

3. Belts In belted/radial-ply tyre

terms of kilograms (kg) for load and

R: radial tyre construction

reduces squirm and wiggle that

tends to erase valuable tread rubber
as the tyre rolls and flexes. Because
of the treads rigidity, the tyre rolls
with less resistance than non-belted
tyres. This contributes to long
durability and life, as well as fuel
economy. In addition, belts provide
extra protection from penetration in
the treadarea.
4. Tubeless Liner A layer of Chlorobutyl

17: rim diameter in inches

rubber lines the inside of the tyre

LT metric tyres are designed in

from bead to bead. This rubber is

terms of kilograms (kg) for load and

less porous than ordinary rubber and

kilopascals (kPa) for inflation; tyre

helps the tyres stay properly inflated

sidewall markings will also show load in

for reduced heat buildup and long,

pounds (lb) and inflation in pounds per

even tread wear. The liner is not

square inch(psi).

under tension like an inflated inner

Tyre Terms
1. Tread A thick layer of tough,
long-wearing rubber that covers the
cord plies from shoulder toshoulder.
2. Cord Plies The inner body of a
passenger tyre is made up of layers
of rubber-coated fabric. These plies
absorb the brutal pounding and
bruising impacts that occur in day-today driving. Rayon, nylon or polyester,
utilising different construction
principles, provide the basic strength
and protection for thetyre.

tube. If pierced, the liner surrounds

the puncturing object, snuffing out
any measurable loss of air. Fast flats
are usually converted into slowleaks.
5. Shoulders The point where the
outer ribs of the tread and sidewall
are welded into a homogenous unit.
Some shoulders are rounded or
contoured for control, while others
are squared for tracking and critical
steeringresponse.
6. Sidewalls A highly resilient
rubber component that extends
from the tread shoulder to the bead.

Terminology
The sidewall component covers
the body plies and helps protect

uconnect phone

Termino
l oBluetooth
gy
Uses

them from damage often caused

by kerb and pothole impacts, and

provides aesthetic styling along with
government-requiredinformation.
7. Bead Solid cores of bronze-

technology to provide

voice-activated wireless communication

between the occupants compatible
mobile phones and the onboard receiver.
The hands-free option promotes safety,
freedom, value and flexibility.

coated steel bead wires are wrapped

in nylon cord plies and anchor the
tyre to the rim. They dissipate
impact shocks and help maintain an
airtightcontainer.

U
A cutting-edge multimedia information,
entertainment and navigation system
that replaces MyGIG Multimedia

Infotainment System and includes:

Turn-by-turn navigation and realtime traffic alerts with voice and text
warnings for detour instructions in
response to accidents, hazardous
conditions and other traffic situations
Radio with MP3 input, CD/DVD player
and integrated display
uconnect phone voice dialogue
system (except Jeep Wrangler)
30GB hard drive allows storage of
photos, playlists and up to 4200
digital music files (plus files required
for the navigation system)
Available rear camera compatibility on
select vehicles

uconnect tunes
Provides wide range of available
entertainment with powerful storage
capacity for digital audio and photo
files (replaces MyGIG Multimedia

Entertainment System). Includes:

Terminology

uconnect gps

Radio with MP3 input, CD/DVD player

and integrated display
30GB hard drive allows storage of
photos, playlists and up to 6700
digital music files
Available rear camera compatibility on
select vehicles

Unibody Design
See Body Construction.

41

Terminology

V
Vehicle Security System
Factory-installed security systems
provide an added measure of protection.
The Vehicle Security System monitors
the doors, boot lid/liftgate, bonnet
(except select models) and ignition.
Once the system is set, tampering with
any door or boot key cylinder, as well

When the security system detects

unauthorised entry or senses the
ignition is being turned on, the alarm
activates for about 18 minutes (three
minutes on select models). The horn
sounds and the headlamps, parking
lamps and taillamps flash for three
minutes. For the remaining 15 minutes,
just the parking lamps and taillamps
flash without the hornsounding.

as turning the ignition on or moving the

shift lever, will trigger thealarm.
The Vehicle Security System, when
armed, prevents the vehicle from

Terminology

being started. Even if the battery is

 indscreen Wipers/
W
Washers

disconnected and then reconnected,

Rain-Sensing Windscreen Wipers

the vehicle will not start. The system is

This driver convenience feature

armed and disarmed in one of two ways.

automatically senses moisture on the

The system is armed by locking the

windscreen using an infrared sensor

doors with the power lock switch and is

and activates the wipers. The system

disarmed by unlocking either front door

is especially useful when road splash

with the key or remotetransmitter.

or overspray from the windscreen

The system can also be armed and

disarmed by activating the LOCK and
42

UNLOCK buttons on the remote keyless

entry key fob. While the system is

washers of the vehicle ahead require

quick but brief wiping action. The
system includes a rain sensor and the
rainsensingmodule.

arming, the vehicle emits a short horn

An infrared rain sensor measures the

blast. (This feature can be disabled if

refraction and density of incoming light

the customer desires.) A security lamp

to detect moisture on the windscreen.

in the instrument panel will flash to

When moisture is detected, the module

indicate that the system isarmed.

activates the wipers. The sensitivity

of the system to the amount of water
on the glass required to initiate wiper
action can be adjusted with the rotary
knob on the wiperstalk.

Terminology
The feature can be turned off for
customers who need or want to disable
thesystem.

Terminology

Speed-Sensitive Intermittent
Windscreen Wipers
Select models feature a speed-sensitive
intermittent windscreen wiper system.
Some vehicles also provide a rear wiper
system, which is also speed-sensitive.
This system automatically adjusts the
rate of the windscreen wipers in relation
to the vehicle speed. At speeds of less
than 24 km/h (15 mph), the wiper delay
is increased. This eliminates the need to
continually reset the intermittent wiper
interval during a light rain or mist and is

There are two modes of wiper and

washeroperation:
If the wash button is pushed
momentarily (less than second), one

Terminology

especially useful for stopandgodriving.

wipe occurs (mistfunction)

If the wash button is held for more
than a half-second, three wipes occur
afterwash

43