Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Research
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Proposal
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Submitted to :
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Madam Humera Shahid
Prepared by:
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Madiha Rehman M10bba053
Aatika Bashir
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Binish Abrar
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Class:
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6 Semester
Topic:
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Women Entrepreneurs of
Pakistan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 1.................................................................3
Introduction............................................................3
Chapter 2.................................................................3
Literature Review...................................................4
Chapter 3.................................................................4
Research Methodology...........................................5
Chapter 4.................................................................6
Data Analysis.........................................................6
Frequency tables:.................................................6
Chapter 5...............................................................18
Recommendations:...............................................18
Chapter 6...............................................................19
Conclusion............................................................19
QUESTIONNAIRE......................................................21
Women Entrepreneurship - Questionnaire for
Existing Entrepreneurs...........................................21
Chapter 2
Literature Review
In the research article by Roy Thurick he discusses the reason of low selfemployment of women as compared to men. In his article he researches
the reasons that are more subjective in nature. His research focuses on
the extent to which womens relatively low level of participation in
entrepreneurial activity is driven by their lower preferences for
entrepreneurship. The question that he poses is that whether women
prefer to work or not. The purpose of this study is to determine the
problems faced by women they choose or prefer to work. The research
objectives are
1. To find whether women entrepreneurs face problems.
2. To determine what kind of problems they face.
3. To what extent lack of knowledge effects the above
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
The type of research is descriptive research. The research instrument used
is Questionnaire answered by the respondents. It is basically data
collection to determine the problems faced by the women entrepreneurs
in Pakistan. The method used is sample survey rather than censes survey
Population:
The population for the research article is women entrepreneurs of
Pakistan.
Sample Size:
The sample size was 30 in which questionnaire was filled by women
entrepreneurs of Punjab Province.
Chapter 4
Data Analysis
Frequency tables:
It is generally believed that Pakistan women give more emphasis to their motherly role and family / home
responsibilities rather than venturing for a career / growth through entrepreneurship. If they have to plan
& settle for a career, they would at best prefer a safe risk free job than setting up a business venture of their
own.
Frequency
Valid
I agree fully
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
70.0
72.4
72.4
26.7
27.6
100.0
Total
29
96.7
100.0
-420
3.3
30
100.0
partially agree
Missing
Percent
21
Total
The above
percentages show that
majority of the
women find it much
more easier to earn
through jobs which
have specific
timings and allows
them
their
preference of
own business
Women's family obligations also bar them from initiating & becoming successful entrepreneurs.
Frequency
Valid
Missing
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
I Agree fully
12
40.0
41.4
41.4
partially agree
13
43.3
44.8
86.2
I do not agree
13.3
13.8
100.0
Total
29
96.7
100.0
-420
3.3
30
100.0
40% of the respondents fully agree where as 43.3% partially agree that
one of the barricades in their way of becoming an entrepreneur are their
family obligations. In country like Pakistan the full responsibility of the
household lies with female member of the family even if both male and
female members are working. This creates a hectic life for the women and
they find themselves unable to concentrate fully at the tasks of their
businesses. This is something that greatly hinders them from either
starting their business or becoming successful if they start one.
7
Financial institutions are generally sceptical about the entrepreneurial seriousness & abilities of
women entrepreneurs. As a result, the women entrepreneurs are suffering from inadequate financial
resources and working capital.
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
10
33.3
33.3
partially agree
18
60.0
60.0
93.3
i do not agree
6.7
6.7
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
33.3
Finance is the
life
blood of
any
business. Financial
Institutions in Pakistan
are
especially reluctant in
extending finance to
the
60%
respondents believe
that
that
neck in
the
reluctance of Banks to
own enterprises.
Although women managers & executives are proving to be more & more effective at their work places, they
are still not considered efficient enough to handle Labour & logistic issues as efficiently in self-owned
business enterprises. They would prefer men to handle such issues.
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
17
56.7
56.7
partially agree
11
36.7
36.7
93.3
i do not agree
6.7
6.7
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
56.7
Not
many
agree but from
the
responses one can see
women instead of
out and dealing with
distribution and
labour issues prefer
hire men that can
that for them.
Although it is not a
problem as many
businessmen hire
assistance for these
matter rather than
out themselves. But
women it reflects a bad
them leading many
believe that women who are
handle these matters are
their businesses well.
that
going
to
big
going
for
light on
people to
unable to
unable to carry out
The overall male domination in the entire business & entrepreneurship area also works as a hurdle for
women entrepreneurs.
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
14
46.7
46.7
46.7
partially agree
14
46.7
46.7
93.3
i do not agree
6.7
6.7
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
No one can disagree that can in country like Pakistan male domination in
any sector whether in jobs or in businesses hinders the progress of
women. Many of the people prefer to take their business to men rather
than dealing with women entrepreneur. One of the reasons that women
entrepreneurs are restricted to some particular businesses like boutiques,
parlours, retail shops etc.
It is believed that lack of proper knowledge about availability of raw materials & low-level negotiation and
bargaining skills are also factors, which affect women entrepreneurs business adventures.
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
10
33.3
33.3
33.3
partially agree
11
36.7
36.7
70.0
i do not agree
30.0
30.0
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
10
Although women have bargaining skills but they are limited to one to one
bargaining while dealing with shopkeepers. While doing businesses they
need do deal with people with whom they need to bargain.9% of the
women are of the view that women have the necessary skills and
bargaining power needed to run a business efficiently.
Low-level risk taking attitude is another factor affecting womens decision to get into business.
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
13
43.3
43.3
43.3
partially agree
16
53.3
53.3
96.7
i do not agree
3.3
3.3
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
11
Nearly 53% of the respondents themselves say that women do not form a
large percentage of the business sector because they prefer not to take
risks. Hence answering the first question why they prefer jobs over their
own businesses.
Educational Institutions & even Govt. Agencies are doing little to promote entrepreneurship amongst women
particularly.
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
11
36.7
36.7
36.7
partially agree
14
46.7
46.7
83.3
i do not agree
16.7
16.7
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
12
13
Women would perhaps prefer to be active partner entrepreneurs with their spouses & provide necessary
support rather than initiating & running a business enterprise entirely on their own.
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
16
53.3
53.3
53.3
partially agree
11
36.7
36.7
90.0
i do not agree
10.0
10.0
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
14
Larger numbers of women do not have much needed financial independence that would enable them to
conceive, plan & execute a business plan independently.
Frequency
Valid
Missing
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
i agree fully
17
56.7
58.6
58.6
partially agree
10
33.3
34.5
93.1
i do not agree
6.7
6.9
100.0
Total
29
96.7
100.0
-420
3.3
30
100.0
Regarding financial independence, almost 57% women were agreed that they do not have
much needed financial independence that would them to execute a business plan
independently. Whereas 33% respondents agreed this statement up to some extent. 7%
women didnt agree this.
15
The above question was more easily represented through a graph. As the
graph
shows
that a
high
number of
respondents faced
the
challenge of
arranging finance for their business followed
by the
challenge of finding the right contacts that could help them in establishing
their business in a firmer ground.
16
Are you aware that banks provide loans and schemes for women entrepreneurs?
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
yes
18
60.0
60.0
60.0
no
26.7
26.7
86.7
cant say
13.3
13.3
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
The above table shows that although 60% of the entrepreneurs were
aware of the bank scheme still financing was their major problem. 26%
were not even aware that banks have special schemes for providing loans
to women entrepreneurs of the country.
17
Chapter 5
Recommendations:
provide them a platform where they can bring their work on scene.
Government should train the employees who work in the micro
financial institutions as to how to deal with the customers and tell them
level.
Awareness should be created among these women as to how they can
gain success in their business by getting proper education and getting
required skills.
There should be relaxations in the terms of micro finance so that they
18
Chapter 6
Conclusion
Woman to man working ratio reveals women prefer to work at home and
wants to look after their family more. They only under some forced
circumstances move out to support their family and willing to work and
still wants to run small level business within their housing locality, there
are very few motivated woman. Women who are well aware of their
surroundings and due to special causes or incidents and sometimes
because of betterment of their lifestyles get motivated and start their own
business not only to better their life styles but also to share burden of
society.
We divide woman entrepreneurs in 2 different categories which are as
follows
Motivated women
Forced women
These are further subdivided as follows
Motivated woman
Supported by family
Not supported by family
Skillful
Non skillful
Need further training
Receiving/not receiving government funding
Those are strongly or partially supported by their families and their
husbands are also very co-operative and our SPSS studies have revealed
that they can devote themselves better and can work in a better way and
results have proved that their business are really are a vital source of
income for country.
Those women who arent supported by their families are basically
surrounded by a greater chance of getting unmotivated and they cant
fully devote themselves but anyhow motivation is motivation and studies
have proven they are strong enough as they are facing the society as well
as family alone so their work is remarkable.
Those woman who are well skilled in their work like those who are running
boutiques and are well skillful in knitting , stitching , weaving etc. .
19
Similarly those who are running saloons are aware of facials etc. so they
dont require training and require less time and cost to bring their
business in running position.
Those who arent skillful but want to work so if they have enough capital
sometimes they hire workers and sometimes they get training themselves
in any way they are useful too but they require comparatively longer time
and cost to bring business in running position but once it is done they are
as good as others.
Those who are not enough skilled and require some training and dont
have enough funds or capital needs help, those who are interested should
help them and workers welfare organization should sort out such women
who are really precious asset for our country
There are some organizations that are providing funds to women who
really seek training and funds to run fruitful business but still its in very
small amount, our studies have revealed that a large population is still
starving for funds and govt. should pay attention to those. There are some
who are running really fruitful business but facing many problems that
they cant solely sort out and there are some who just need some ignition
to start their business.
20
QUESTIONNAIRE
Women Entrepreneurship - Questionnaire for Existing
Entrepreneurs
Please ticks mark your right answer:
Partially Agree
I Do Not
from
initiating
Agree
2. Women's
family
obligations
also
bar
them
institutions
Partially Agree
are
generally
I Do Not Agree
skeptical
about
the
Partially Agree
I Do Not
Agree
4. Although women managers & executives are proving to be more &
more effective at their work places, they are still not considered
efficient enough to handle Labour & logistic issues as efficiently in
self-owned business enterprises. They would prefer men to handle
such issues.
I Agree Fully
Partially Agree
I Do Not Agree
21
5. The
overall
male
entrepreneurship
domination
area
also
in
works
the
as
entire
a
business
hurdle
for
&
women
entrepreneurs.
I Agree Fully
Partially Agree
I Do Not
Agree
6.
Partially Agree
I Do Not
Agree
7. Low-level risk taking attitude is another factor affecting womens
decision to get into business.
I Agree Fully
Partially Agree
I Do Not Agree
Partially Agree
I Do Not
Agree
9. Women would perhaps prefer to be active partner entrepreneurs
with their spouses & provide necessary support rather than
initiating & running a business enterprise entirely on their own.
I Agree Fully
Partially Agree
Do
Not
Agree
10. Larger numbers of women do not have much needed financial
independence that would enable them to conceive, plan & execute
a business plan independently.
I Agree Fully
Partially Agree
I Do Not
Agree
22
11. What was the challenge you faced during the start-up in your
business?
No obstacles
A question of self confidence (believing in your abilities)
Start up finance
Lack of information / advice on how to start an enterprise
Family support (parents / in-laws/ Husband)
Finding the right contacts for your business venture/ Access to
business support
Management / Entrepreneurial skills
Combining family and work life
Being a woman/Gender discrimination
12. Are you aware that banks provide loans and schemes for women
entrepreneurs?
Yes
No Cant say
23