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Ohms Law
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Drudes Model
Hydrodynamic Fluid Model
Hall Effect
Definition and description
Free charge carrier density vs. mobility
Temperature
Alloying
Applications
Chapter 1
Conventions:
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
3
3
Paul Drude
(1863-1906)
Credited with
the free
electron theory
of metals
Kinetic Energy
Charged Particle
e-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyX5I_io7bg
Chapter 1
x
ee-
e-
e-
Chapter 1
mv D = eX
then
e 1
vD =
X
m
increasing viscosity (decreasing collision time)
No drag:
F = ma = m
dv D
= eX
dt
compare to
vD =
e
X
m
and
With drag:
dv
F = ma = m D + v D = eX
dt
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49Kor-zHQM0
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
x
voltmeter
Edwin Hall
(1855-1938)
Credited with
discovering the
Hall Effect
e-
e-
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Metals
Semiconductors
Chapter 1
10
10
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lPKIaa7Q50
Chapter 1
11
Example:
A metal has a collision time of 10-14 s. Find the mean free path at room temperature.
Chapter 1
12
Chapter 1
13
Important Equations
V = IR
P = IV = I 2 R
X =
V
L
I
J=
A
R=
L
A
J = X
= N e e
e
m
XH = v D B
1/ 2
3kT
vth =
J = N e ev D
XH = RH JB
RH =
1
N ee
v D = X
Important Constants
Speed of light in vacuum: c = 3.0 x 108 m/s
Mass of an electron: m = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
Boltzmann constant: kB = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K
Avogadros Number: NA = 6.022 x 1023 /mole
Chapter 1
14