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HABs
Mikroalga
Mikroalga
Ekologi Kimia
Chemical
ecologyis the
study of the
chemicals
involved in the
interactions of
livingorganisms
biological and
chemical
interactions
between
microalgae in their
aquatic
environment
Mikroalga
Micro-Algae
Single cell
microorganism
Autotropik, CO2 sumber
Mikroalga
Eukaryote excluded procaryotic
Cyanobacteria
Terdapat 50 ribu spesies
Taksonomi Mikroalga
6 grup: Bacillariophyta, Chlorophycophyta,
Kelompok
1. Bacillariophyta
(Diatom)
Carotenoids
-carotene
-carotene rarely fucoxanthin
Tabellaria fenestrata
Taksonomi Mikroalga
Divisi
Carotenoids
2. Chlorophycophyta -carotene,
-carotene rarely carotene
and lycopene, lutein
Coelastrum
Tetraedron
Scenedesmus
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Taksonomi Mikroalga
Divisi
3. Chrysophycophyta
Odontella sinensis/
Biddulphia sinensis
Carotenoids
-carotene, fucoxanthin
Taksonomi Mikroalga
Divisi
Carotenoids
4. Rhodophycophyta -carotene, zeaxanthin
Porphyridium
Rhodella violacea
Taksonomi Mikroalga
Divisi
Carotenoids
5. Dinophyta
(Pyrrophycophyta)
-carotene, peridinin,
Neoperididnin dinoxanthin,
neodinoxanthin
Taksonomi Mikroalga
Filum
6. Cyanobacteria
Carotenoids
-carotene, phycobilins
Phormidium subfuscum
Anabaena torulosa
Anabaena augstumnalis
Two flagellae
Photosynthesis
Mikroalga
Scaling up?
Habitat Mikroalga
Habitat umum:
perairan terbuka
(fitoplankton)
Permukaan
bebatuan, tanaman
tingkat tinggi di
perairan dangkal
(perifiton)
Habitat Mikroalga
Permukaan tanah dan bebatuan yang
lembab
Diisolasi dari hot springs glacial ice
Habitat Mikroalga
Light, water quality and temperature,
submerged algae
Edaphic; Terestrial
Aerial
Cryophytic; living on ice and snow (Eg.
Chlamydomonas)
Symbionts or Endophytes; Symbiotic with fungi, Eg.
Chroococcus, Nostoc, Chlorella and Palmella; Lives
inside the pteridophyte Azolla. Eg. Anabaena azollae.
Endozoic; inside fresh water sponges, Hydra
Parasites; Eg. Cephaleuros virescens
Ekologi
Terrestrial atau akuatik
Planktonik atau membentuk biofilm fototrof
Some are endosymbionts in lichens, plants,
Ekologi Diatom
Fitoplankton
Freshwater or marine
Bloom-and-bust cycle
Bloom; dominate phytoplankton
Bust; mucilage production
till thermocline
Ekologi Chlorophycophyta
Freshwater or marine, some aerial Chlorococcales
Planktonic (Volvocalean & chlorooccalean) or benthic
Attach to substrate
Symbiotic: Chlorella pada Hydra
Commercial: Dunaliella (glycerol & -carotene)
Winter: Ulothrix, Spring: Stigeoclonium, Summer:
Oedogonium
Ekologi Rhodophycophyta
Freshwater or marine
Tropical to polar waters
Epiphytes
Parasites reduce pigment
Ekologi Dinophyta
Mostly marine, some Freshwater
Planktonic, mostly in warmer waters
Benthic/Symbiotic
Parasit pada invertebrates, ikan
Phagocytic pada algae
Brown or red tides
Toxic: saxitoxin (PSP), brevetoxin (NSP),
ciguatoxin (CFP)
Luminescent
Luciferin-luciferasesystempadaNoctiluca scintillans
Ekologi Cyanobacteria
Terrestrial atau akuatik
Freshwater or marine, planktonic or benthic
Fotosintesis & fiksasi nitrogen
Some anoxygenic photosynthesis
Synechoccus can tolerate T 74 deg C
Eg. Geothermal di Yellowstone park, distribusi
Ekologi Cyanobacteria
Antarctic lakes: Phormidium & Lyngbya
Salt concentrates (evaporation), eg. Spirulina
African Rift Valley; food for flamingos
Spirulina for food
Blooms in Baltic Sea: Nodularia,
Aphanizomenon
Mikroalga
Chisti 2008
References
A biology of the algae. Philip Sze
Micro-algal biotechnology. Borowitzka & Borowitzka
Freshwater Algae http://www.algaekey.com/
http://www.algaebase.org/
http://www.oilgae.com
http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/redtide/educati
on.html
Culture Collection of Autotrophic Organisms
http://www.butbn.cas.cz