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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION __________________________________________________________________ 4
2.
3.
INSTALLATION ___________________________________________________________________ 9
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
1. Introduction
We live in a society where all the things that we need are provided by
others; water, electricity, food
Off-grid living consists in that, reduce the necessity and dependence from
third persons regarding to our lives.
In this Project, I will try to design a smart off-grid power system in a family
house, using solar panels and batteries. The main idea of this is to have a
self-sufficient house, and the goal is to have reliability, carbon emission
reduction and cost reduction at long-term.
The cost of this kind of installations has dropped about 30% in the last 6
years, so in the present is a very nice option to consider
The best option is to calculate the complete system and find the best
technic and economic solution for this.
The main parts of this installation are:
Solar panels: This dispositives are used for using the solar power to
convert it in electricity using the fotovoltaic energy. If you need more
panels in the future, you can enlarge it easily, with easy installation.
Charge controller: It have two basic functions:
-Avoid overloading and deep discharge of the batteries, as this can cause
irreversible damage to them.
-Prevent battery discharge through the panels in less light periods.
For enlarging the system, is better to use a charge controller that allows
more panels, then you can enlarge it easily.
Inverter: Its function is to convert from DC that the fotovoltaic installation
gives, to AC, which is needed for almost all the electronic components in
the home. Is better to have it a little bit bigger inverter than the calculated,
but you can add more inverters in the future.
Design of Off-Grid Power SystemTtulo del Proyecto
Introduction
Batteries:
accumulate the energy produced during the light hours, for being used at
the night or during long periods of bad weather. Another important function
of the batteries is to provide a higher intensity that the fotovoltaic panel
can give.
Other components: We need an aluminium structure big enough for our
solar panels, and the cables, that will be purchased according to our
needings.
We will have the photovoltaic panels on the roof. The main danger of
working with CC is that we have to bear in mind the polarity of the panels.
The first step is to identify the positive and negative terminals. For making
the connection between the panels and the charge controller we will use
always terminal, and the cabling has to have an insulation for 1000V,
because is outdoor and maybe there is humidity.
Design of Off-Grid Power SystemTtulo del Proyecto
For battery installation, we need a room with conditions which ensure the
proper operation of the battery bank:
-
Protected
from
meteorological
inclemency,
and
with
nice
temperature for their work (if we have low temperature, the battery
capacity decreases, and if we have high temperature, it decrease the
batterys life).
-
Controller: We have to keep in mind the polarity, we will connect the cables
using terminals. Its reccomended to connect the battery at first, after the
solar panels, and at finish the consumption.
We will install an automatic switch at the battery output in order to prevent
from dead shorts.
Converter: It has to be as nearest as possible from the batteries, in order
to prevent voltage drop. This is the way to connect the converter:
Installation
3. Installation
For the installation of the solar panels, we have three possibilities:
-
Floor: Is the most used in groups of panels. The advantages are that
the structure dont have wind influence, and its easy to assembly.
Roof: Is the most used, and we will use this installation. You can
have a nice place for assure a perfect otrientation of the panels. The
drawback can be, as the floor, they can be covered by the snow.
Installation
Latitude in the
installation place (in
degrees)
0 15
15
15
15 25
Same as latitude
Same as latitude
25 30
Latitude +5
Latitude +5
30 35
Latitude +10
Latitude -10
35 40
Latitude +15
Latitude -15
>40
Latitude +20
Latitude -20
This is the map and the place where I will install the off grid system.
Installation
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11
DC devices:
Equipment
Power (W)
Number of
devices
Working
hours/day
Total Energy
(Wh)
Lighting in room
1 (Dormitory)
45
Lighting in room
2 (Bathroom)
20
Lighting in room
3 (Dormitory)
20
Lighting in room
4 (Washroom)
0.5
2.5
Lighting in room
5 (Toilet)
0.5
2.5
Lighting in room
6 (Hall)
120
Lighting in room
7 (Kitchen)
80
Total Power
95 W
290 Wh
AC devices:
Equipment
Power
(W)
Number of
devices
Working
hours/day
Total Energy
(Wh)
365
365
TV
43
172
17
24
408
Laptop
70
420
Mini Oven
1500
0.5
750
Hair dryer
1200
0.2
240
1800
0.3
540
Total Power
4995 W
2895 Wh
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Description of appliances.
We will use the most efficient appliances in the market. They are a little
bit more expensive, but the cost will be reduced because we will need less
solar panels and batteries.
In the lighting part, we will use for all the house 5W Led Bulbs, they will
be distributed across the ceiling of the all the rooms in the house.
5W MR16 DC12-18V Cool White Spot Bulb
Link:
https://www.myled.com/p1760-5w-mr16-dc12-18vcool-white-spot-bulb.html
For the appliance, we will always see the energy labelling, that is the same
for all the European Union:
The energy labels are separated into at least four categories:
The appliance's details: according to each appliance, specific details,
of the model and its materials
Energy class: a colour code associated to a letter (from A to G) that
gives an idea of the appliance's electrical consumption
Consumption, efficiency, capacity, etc.: this section gives information
according to appliance type
Noise: the noise emitted by the appliance is described in decibels.
We will try to choose all from A to A+++, to get the maximum efficiency.
Design of Off-Grid Power SystemTtulo del Proyecto
13
Mini Oven: 23 litre mini oven & grill with double hob
Power consumption: 1500W
Link:https://andrewjamesworldwide.com/UserControls/productIndividual.aspx?ProductI
D=36
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Mechanical data:
Electrical data:
15
Charge controller: We will use a Steca Solarix PRS 3030 (30A). In this,
several LEDs in various colours emulate a tank display, which gives
information on the batterys state of charge. The Solarix PRS charge
controllers are equipped with an electronic fuse, thus making optimal
protection possible. They operate on the serial principle, and separate the
solar module from the battery in order to protect it against overcharging.
Main features:
-
PWM control
Current
compensated
load
disconnection
-
Temperature compensation
protection
at
module input
- Open circuit protection without
battery
- Reverse current protection at
night
- Overtemperature and overload protection
Design of Off-Grid Power SystemTtulo del Proyecto
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Inverter: Our inverter will be a Cotek with 1500 W True Sine Wave. It
can feed sensitive electronic equipment.
Main features:
-
Advanced microprocessor
17
Detailed features in the inverter (we will use the second in the table):
18
19
And for being more exact, this is the table for my coordinates with the
average daily sum of global irradiation per square meter received by the
modules (kWh/m2):
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
2.96
3.96
5.32
5.77
6.54
7.2
6.45
7.24
Oct
Nov
Dec
Av. year
20
Panels:
For calculating our needings, we will use this formula:
Ar = 1200 X Ed / Id
Where:
Ar: Panel size (Wp)
Ed: Electricity usage (kWh/day)
Id: Irradiation (kWh/m2/day)
Then, we need:
=
1200 3.185
= 750.884
5.09
750.884
= 3.85
195
Charge controller:
For sizing the charge controller, we have to forecast the intensity peaks,
then we use a correction coefficient (25%)
Icont=1,25IscNparallel mod
Icont = 1,255,724 = 28,6A
We will use a 30A charge controller.
21
Batteries:
To size the batteries, we need this parameter:
Dodmax: Maximum depth of discharge, in lead acid batteries, it is between
0.6 and 0.8, so I will use 0,7.
Autonomy days: I will choose 5 autonomy days, for being sure that if we
have some cloudy or bad weather days, we wont be without electricity.
Eelec: We calculated it before, is the energy expended in one normal use
day in the house.
The accumulated energy in the batteries with the correction factor is:
1,1 ( ) (
1,1 5 3185
= 25025
0,7
()
25025
=
= 1042,7
24
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Inverter:
The size of the inverter have to be the maximum power of the appliance
that can work at the same time. For this, we have to use the peak power,
which can be 4 times bigger than the nominal one. Then we will do it
20% bigger for security.
= 1.25 (4 ( + ) + + )
= 1.25 (4 (365 + 17) + 70 + 43 = 2051,2
Then, we will use an inverter with 3000 W peak power. For sure we
have to take care of dont have the hair dryer, oven Connected at the
same time, if we do that, the circuit breaker will stop the electricity.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Ed: Average daily electricity production from the given system (kWh)
Em: Average monthly electricity production from the given system (kWh)
Hd: Average daily sum of global irradiation per square meter received by
the modules of the given system (kWh/m2)
Hm: Average sum of global irradiation per square meter received by the
modules of the given system (kWh/m2)
24
25
4 batteries monoblock 6V/345Ah C100 open acid lead of deep download (ref: 14009618).
http://www.nousol.com/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=t
pflypage.tpl&product_id=856&category_id=56&option=com_virtuemart&
Itemid=53&lang=en&vmcchk=1&Itemid=53
26
27
8. Control system
My control system will be a door locker/unlocker system.
It lets you lock and unlock your door through a smartphone app,
either on demand or automatically, and it lets you send passes to other
people who have the app.
Advantages:
Keyless: The encrypted technology of this locker is safer than keys
that can get lost and codes that can be copied.
You can control when people have acces to the home. For example
you can issue a key that works 24/7 for a family member, or one that
works a couple of hours a week only for the cleaning person.
Log record: There is a log record in the smartphone where you can
see who entered and exited.
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The prize of this device is 250$, and you can buy it in Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00OHY14CS/ref=asc_df_B00OHY14C
S3454105?smid=ATVPDKIKX0DER&tag=mysimon-wireless0920&linkCode=df0&creative=395093&creativeASIN=B00OHY14CS
Design of Off-Grid Power SystemTtulo del Proyecto
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