Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This guide is intended to help students understand how to use APA referencing in their
assignments, but it is important that you check the assignment guidelines of your course as
there are some different requirements that might be required within your discipline. The
guide is partly based on material gathered and adapted from the Publication manual of the
American Psychological Association, 6th ed., which is the official manual published by the
associations; and Colin Nevilles The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism,
which supplements with the formatting of sources not covered by the APA manual.
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is a form of academic misconduct. In The Complete Guide to Referencing and
Avoiding Plagiarism (2010), Neville suggests three forms of plagiarism:
1.
Copying another persons work, including the work of another student (with or without
their consent), and claiming or pretending it is your own
2.
Presenting arguments that use a blend of your own and a significant percentage of
copied words of the original author without acknowledging the source
3.
Paraphrasing another persons work, but not giving due acknowledgement to the
original writer or organization publishing the writing, including Internet sites.
What constitutes plagiarism for different subject areas may vary. Check with your lecturer for
specific definitions of plagiarism.
To demonstrate that you have read widely around your subject area
To help the reader easily locate the sources or ideas that you have used
What is a reference?
A reference consists of TWO parts:
1) In-text citations, and
2) The full reference in the reference list
In-text citation is included in the body of your text and referencing them at the end of your
assignment, it helps the reader to match the source cited in the text to a more detailed
description in your reference list.
In-text citation
Talcott Parsons, a leading functionalist thinker, concerned himself with the role of the
family in industrial societies (Parsons & Bales 1956). He was particularly interested in the
of children and believed that stable, supportive families are the key to
In-textsocialization
citation
successful socialization. Another functionalist perspective on childrearing was advanced
by Bowlby (1953), who argued that the mother is crucial to the primary socialization of
children.
Source: Giddens, A. (2001) Sociology. Cambridge: Polity
References
Author (surname first)
Publication details
List all
Bowlby, J. (1953). Child Care and the Growth of Love. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
entries in
alphabetical
Year of Publication
order by last
Parsons, T. & Bales. R. (1956). Family: Socialization and Interaction Process. London:
name of the
author(s)
At the end of your assignment, you will create a list that is headed either Bibliography or
References. (The MLA citation style refers to these lists respectively as Works Consulted
and Works Cited)
References (or Works cited)
References
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By Beatrice Dang
Books
In-text examples
Single author
Whitem, C., & Walker, T. (2008). Tooning in: essays on popular culture and
education. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
A book with 3 to 7
authors
Smaldino, S.E., Lowther, D.L., & Russell, J.D. (2012). Instructional technology
and media for learning. Boston: Pearson.
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APA referencing guide
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Reference to more
than one
publication in the
same year by the
same author
Chapter in an
edited book
Edited book
Mathews, G., Ribeiro G.L., & Vega, C.A. (Eds.). (2012). Globalization from
below: the worlds other economy. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.
Dissertation/Thesis
- Unpublished
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Print Journals
In-text examples
Article
Balsa, A.I. & McGuire, T.G. (2001). Statistical discrimination in health care.
Journal of Health Economics, 20, 881-907.
Article with no
author
Newspaper article
(Fish, 2011)
Fish, S. (2011, May 3). The logic of suicide terrorism. South China Morning
Post, pp. C3-C4.
If electronic:
Fish, S. (2011, May 3). The logic of suicide terrorism. South China Morning
Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com
Newspaper article
with no author
Henry Tangs new vintage hideaway. (2013, January 11). The Standard.
Retrieved from http://www.thestandard.com.hk
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APA referencing guide
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In text examples
Website with
author
Salberg, D., Stewart, R., Wesley, K., & Weiss, S. (2009). Postmodernism and its
critics. Retrieved from
http://anthropology.ua.edu/cultures/cultures.php?culture=Postmodernism
and Its Critics
Website with no
author
Website with no
date
(Pollution, n.d.)
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APA referencing guide
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Audiovisual Media
In text examples
(Lee, 2011)
Lee, H.M. (2011, May 3). Justice: what is the right thing to do [Video file].
Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9btigv8l4s&playnext=1&list=PL78B33
559ECC39370&feature=results_main
Zuiker, A.E., Donahue, A., Mendelsonhn, C., Veasey, P., & Barba N.
(Writers/Directors). (2006). Live or let die [Television series episode]. In R.
Bailey (Producer), Crime Scene Investigation: New York. Hollywood, Calif.:
Paramount Home Entertainment.
Television
programme single
programme
(Ruan, 2011)
Films
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APA referencing guide
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Secondary Sources
In text examples
Book
Halberstam, J.J. (2012). Gaga feminism: sex, gender and the end of normal.
Boston: Beacon Press.
The reference list entry will only refer to the book that you actually read
Other sources
In text examples
Lecture notes
(Also see Frequently
asked questions,
question 6)
(Dang, 2012)
Non-English book
(Chinese)
(Ma, 2007)
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APA referencing guide
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list.
Further information
Washington, DC:APA
th