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UNIT-I
PART-A (2 Marks)
Answer the following Questions
1. Define stress and strain.
2. The youngs modulus of a material is 210 kN/mm 2 and its modulus of rigidity is 15 kN/mm 2.
Determine the bulk modulus.
3. State Hookes Law.
4. During tensile test if a material is loaded beyond the Elastic limit. What would be its
behavior? Justify it.
5. What is meant by strain? Illustrate about compressive strain and tensile strain.
6. Write short notes on volumetric strain.
7. Find the stress, if the loading acting on beam is 40 kN and its Cross sectional area is 550 mm 2.
Assume the Youngs Modulus suitably.
8. State the relationship between youngs Modulus and modulus of rigidity.
9. State the different types of elastic constants.
10. What do you understand by compound bars?
11. State principal plane and define principal stress.
12. Define Poissons Ratio.
13. Give the relation for change in length of a bar hanging freely under its own weight.
14. State the relationship between Bulk modulus and Youngs Modulus.
15. State the law of super position and give an example.
16. Explain the following terms: i) Resilience ii) proof Resilience.
17. Define longitudinal strain and lateral strain.
18. Define strain energy density.
19. What is stability?
20. List out of the important properties of non ferrous materials.

PART-B (16 MARKS)

1. A rod of 150cm long and of diameter 2.0cm subjected to an axial pull of 20 kN. If the modulus
of elasticity of the material of the rod is 2x10 5N/mm2determine. 1. Stress 2.strain 3.elongation
of the rod.
2. The ultimate stress, for a hollow steel column which carries an axial load of 1.9MN is
480N/mm2.If the external diameter of a the column is 200mm, determine the internal
diameter .Take the factor of safety as 4.
3. The bar shown in fig. is subjected to a tensile load of 160kN. If the stress in the middle
portion. Is limited to 150N/mm2, determine the diameter of middle portion. Find also the
length of the middle portion if the total elongation of the bar is to be 0.2mm.
E=2.1x105N/mm2.

4. Find an expression of the extension in a uniform tapering rod.

5. A steel rod of 3cm diameter is enclosed centrally in a hollow copper tube of external diameter
5cm and internal diameter of 4cm.The composite bar is than subjected to an axial pull of
45000N.If the length of each bar is equal to15cm determine:i) the stress in the rod and tube ii)
load carried by each bar Take Es=2.1x105N/mm2and Ec=1.1x105N/mm2.
6. A steel tube of 30mm external diameter and 20mm internal diameter encloses a copper rod of
15mm diameter to whichi it is rigidly joined at each end. If the at temperature of 10 oc the is no
longitudinal stress, calculate stresses in the rod and tube when the temperature is raised to
200oc.Take E for steel and copper as 2.1x105N/mm2and 1x105N/mm2 respectively. The value of
co-efficient of linear expansion for steel and copper is given as 11x10-6per oC and
18x10-6/oC respectively.

7. Find the value of P and the change in length of each component and the total change in length
of the bar shown in Fig. Take E=200 KN/mm2

8.

Derive a relationship between bulk modulus and youngs modulus.

9. A bar of 30 mm diameter is subjected to a pull of 60kN.The measured extension on gauge

length of 200mm is 0.1mm and change in diameter 0.004mm.Calculate i)Youngs modulus ii)
Poissons ratio and Bulk modulus.
10. A tension bar 5m long is made of two part, 3m of its length has a cross sectional area 10cm 2
while the remaining 2m has cross sectional area 20cm 2. An axial load of 80KN is gradually
applied. Find the total strain energy produced in the bar and compare this value with that
obtained in a uniform bar of the same length and having same volume when under the same
load. Take E = 2 105 N/mm2.

Unit II
PART A ( 2 Marks)
1. State the different types of supports.
2. Draw the cantilever beam. With example.
3. Write the equation for the simple bending theory.
4. What do you mean by the point of contra flexure?
5. What are the sign conventions for shear force and bending moment in general?
6. Define shear force and bending moment.
7. Draw the Shear force diagram and Bending moment diagram for cantilever of length L
carrying a point load W at the free end.
8. Define sagging and hogging bending moment.
9. What are the different types of loading?
10. Write the assumption in the theory of simple bending.
11. What are the types of beams?
12. When will bending moment is maximum.
13. Write down relations for maximum shear force and bending moment in case of
14. A cantilever beam subjected to uniformly distributed load running over entire a span SF and
BM.
15. Draw the shear force diagram for a cantilever beam of span 4 m and carrying a point load of
50 KN at mid span.
16. What do you mean by thrust diagram?
17. A cantilever beam 3 m long carries a load of 20 KN at its free end. Calculate the shear force
and bending moment at a section 2 m from the free end.
18. Derive the relation between the intensity of load and shear force, in bending theory.
19. What is maximum bending moment in a simply supported beam of span L subjected to UDL
of w over entire span?
20. A cantilever of length L fixed at A and carying a uniformly distributed load of W per unit
length over the entire length of the beam. Draw the SFD and BMD.

PART B (16 Marks)

1. A Simply supported beam of 6 m, carries point load of 3KN and 6KN at distance of 2m and
4m from the left end. Draw the SFD and BMD for the beam.
2. A cantilever beam of length 3m carries a UDL load of 3 KN/m over a whole
length and a
point load of 2KN at the free end. Draw the SF and BM diagrams.
3 KN/m

2 KN

3m

3.

A beam of 8m span simply supported at its end carries loads of 2 KN and 5KN at a distance
of 3m and 6m respectively from right support. In addition, the beam carries a UDL of 4KN/m
for its entire length. Draw the SF and BM diagram.

4. A beam 12m long is supported at two points 2m from each end, So that there are two equal
Overhanging portions. It carries concentrated loads of 4KN, 3KN and 5KN at 1m, 8m and
12m respectively from the left end. Draw the SF and BM diagrams. What are the Values of
Maximum BM and SF?
5. A beam is simply supported and carries a uniformly distributed load of 40kN/m run over the
whole span. The section of the beam is rectangular having depth as 500mm.If the maximum
stress in the material of the beam 120N/mm2and moment of inertia of the section is
7x108mm4, find the span of the beam.
6. A timber beam 100mm wide and 200mmdeep is to be reinforced by bolting on two steel
flitches each 150mm by 12.5mm in section. Calculate the moment of resistance in the
following cases: i)Flitches attached symmetrically at the top and bottom ii)flitches attached
symmetrically at the sides. Allowable stress in timber is 6N/mm 2.What is the maximum stress
in the steel in each case ?Take Es=2x105N/mm2and Et=1x104N/mm2.
7. Derive the shearing stress distribution over beam of rectangular section .
8. A cantilever of length 2m carries a point load of 300N,500N,and 800N at adistance of
0.5m,0.7m and 0.8m from the fixed end. Draw the S.F.and B.M. diagrams for the cantilever.
9. A beam of length 12m is simply supported at two supports which are 8m apart, with an
overhang of 2m on each side. The beam carrying uniformly distributed load of 2kN/m over
the entire length of the beam. Draw the S.F. and B.M. and also locate the point of contra
flexure.
10. Calculate the maximum stress induced in a cast iron pipe of external diameter 40mm,of
internal diameter 20mm and of length 4m when the pipe is supported at its ends and carries a
point load of 80N at its centre.

UNIT III
PART A - 2 MARKS
1. Write torsional equation.
2. Write the polar modulus for solid shaft and circular shaft.
3. Write an expression for the angle of twist for a hollow circular shaft with external diameter D,
internal diameter d, length l and rigidity modulus G.
4. Define torsional rigidity.
5. Calculate the maximum torque that a shaft of 125mm diameter can transmit, if the maximum
angle of the twist is 1 in a length of 1.5m. Take C=70103 N/mm2.
6. Differentiate between close-coiled and open-coiled helical springs.
7. A helical spring is made of 4mm steel wire with a mean radius of 25mm and number of turns
of coil 15. What will be deflection of the spring under a load of 6N? Take C=80103 N/mm2.
8. Give shear stress and deflection relation for close-coiled helical springs.
9. The stiffness of spring is 10N/mm. what is the axial deformation in the spring when a load is
50N is acting?
10. An open coiled helical spring of mean radius of coil of 20cm and helix angle of 12 is
subjected to an axial load of 10N. What is the bending moment in the coil?
11. The stiffness of a spring is 10N/mm and the axial deflection is 10mm. What is the axial load
on the spring?
12. Write equation for the deflection of an open coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load W.
13. Write down the equation for shear strain energy of a close coiled spring.
14. Write expression for vertical deflection of a close coiled helical spring due to vertical load W.
15. What is meant by stiffness? What is the formula for the stiffness of a close coiled helical
spring subjected to an axial load?
16. What are the assumptions made in torsion equation?
17. Why hollow circular shafts are preferred when compared to solid circular shafts?
18. Write down the expression for power transmitted by a shaft.
19. Write down the equation for the maximum shear stress of a solid circular section in diameter
D when subjected to torque T.
20. Write down the expression for torque transmitted by hollow shaft.
PART B 16 MARKS
1. A solid circular shaft transmits 75kW at 200rpm. Find the shaft diameter if the twist in the
shaft is not to exceed 1 in 2m length of the shaft and the shearing stress is limited to
50N/mm2. Take G=100GN/mm2.
2. A hollow shaft of diameter ratio 3/8 is required to transmit 588kW at 100rpm. The maximum
torque exceeds the mean by 20%. The shear stress is limited to 63N/mm 2 and the twist should
not be more than 0.0081rad. Calculate the external diameter required satisfying both the
conditions. Take G=84Gpa. Length 3m.

3. A shaft is required to transmit power of 300kW running at a speed of 120rpm. If the shear
strength of the shaft material is 70N/mm 2. Design a hollow shaft with inner diameter equal to
0.75 times the outer diameter.
4. A solid shaft A of 50mm diameter rotates at 250rpm. Find the power that can be transmitted
for a limiting shear stress of 60N/mm2 in the steel. It is proposed to replace A by hollow shaft
B of the same external diameter but with the limiting shear stress of 75N/mm 2. Determine the
internal diameter of B to transmit the same power at the same speed.
5. A solid shaft is subjected to a torque of 100Nm. Find the necessary shaft diameter if the
allowable shear stress is 100N/mm 2 and the allowable twist is 3 per 10 diameter length of the
shaft. Take C=1105 N/mm2.
6. A close coil helical spring of round steel wire 10mm in diameter has a mean radius of 120mm.
The spring has 10 complete turns and is subjected to an axial load of 200N. Determine (i)
deflection of the spring (ii) maximum shear stress in the wire and (iii) stiffness of the spring.
G=80 kN/mm2.
7. A close coiled helical spring of 10cm mean diameter is made up of 1cm diameter rod and has
20 turns. The spring carries an axial load of 200 N. determine the shearing stress. Taking the
value of modulus of rigidity =8.4x104 N/mm2 , determine the deflection when carrying this
load. Also calculate the stiffness of the spring and the frequence of free vibration for a mass
hanging from it.
8. A closely coiled helical spring is to carry a load of 500N. its mean coil diameter si to be ten
times that of the wire diameter. Calculate these diameter if the maximum shear stress in the
material of the spring is to be 80N/mm2.
9. The stiffness of a close-coiled helical spring is 1.5 N/mm of compression under a maximum
load of 60 N.The maximum shearing stress produced in the wire of the spring is 125N/mm 2 .
the solid length of the spring ( when the coil are touching ) is given as 5cm. find:(i) diameter
of wire, (ii)mean diameter of the coils and, (iii)number of coils required. Take C=4.5x10 4
N/mm2.
10. A composite shaft consists of copper rod of 25mm diameter enclosed in a steel tube of external
diameter 45mm and 5mm thick. The shaft is required to transmit a torque of 1100Nm and both
the shafts have equal lengths, welded to a plate at each end, so that their twists are equal. If the
modulus of rigidity for steel as twice that of copper, find (i) shear stress developed in copper
(ii) shear stress developed in steel.
UNIT IV
PART A ( 2 Marks)
1. List any four methods of determining slope and deflections of a loaded beam.
2. State the two theorems in the moment of area method.

3. State the expression for slope and deflection at the free end of a cantilever beam of length L
subjected to a uniformly distributed load of w per unit length.
4. write the relationship between slope, deflection and radius of curvature of beam?
5. A cantilever beam of span 2 m is carrying a point load of 20kN at its free end. Calculate the
slope at the free end. Assume EI = 12x103 kN/m2.
6. In a SSB of 3m span carrying uniformly distributed load throughout the length, the slope at the
supports is 10. What is the maximum deflection in the beam.
7. Calculate the maximum deflection of a simply supported beam carrying a point load of 100kN
at mid span. Span = 6m and EI = 20000 kN/m2.
8. Differentiate a Column and a strut.
9. State two assumptions made in the Eulers columns theory.
10. State slenderness ratio.
11. Define equivalent length of a column.
12. State Eulers formula for crippling load.
13. What are the limitations of Eulers formula?
14. Define crippling load.
15. State Rankines formula for crippling load.
16. What is the expression for crippling load when both the ends of the column are hinged and
fixed?Find the critical load of an Eulers column having 4m length 50mm x 100mm cross
section and hinged at both ends. E = 200 kN/mm2.
17. The actual length of column is 10 m . determine its effective length if both the ends of the
column are rigidly fixed.
18. State the parameters influencing Buckling load of a long column.
19. Define Short column, Medium sized column, Long columns.
20. Write the equivalent length of a column for a column with
a) one end is fixed and other end is free
b) both ends are fixed
PART B (16 Marks)
1. A cantilever beam of length 4m carries a UDL of 8 kN/m length over the entire length. If the
section is rectangular of 150 mm x 260 mm, find the deflection and slope at the free end. Take
E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2.
2. A cantilever beam 50mm wide 80mm deep is 2m long. It carries a UDL over the entire length
along with a point load of 5 kN at its free end. Find the slope at the free end when the
deflection is 7.5 mm at the free end. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2.
3. A horizontal beam 6m long is freely supported at it ends carries a point load of 15 kN at the
centre. Find the deflection at the centre. Assume E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and I = 78 x 106 N/mm4.
4. A simply supported beam of 8m span carries a point load of 10 kN at its centre. It also subjects
to a uniformly distributed load of 1 kN/m over its entire span. Find the maximum deflection of
the beam. Take E = 200 kN/mm2 and I = 200 x 106 N/mm4.
5. A cantilever 120 mm wide and 200mm deep is 2.5m long. What is the uniformly distributed
load which the beam can carry in order to produce a deflection of 5 mm at the free end? Take
E=200GN/m2.

6. A simply supported beam of 6 m span carries a uniformly distributed load of 5 kN/m over a
length of 3 m from left end. Calculate the deflection at mid span. Take E = 200 kN/mm 2 and I
= 6.2 x 106 N/mm4.
7. A cantilever beam 4m long carries a load of 50 kN at a distance of 2m from the free end and a
load of W at the free end. If the deflection at the free end is 25mm, calculate the magnitude of
the load W and slope at free end.
8. A solid round bar 3 m long and 5cm in diameter is used as a strut with both ends hinged.
Determine the crippling (or collapsing) load, when the given strut is used with the following
conditions: i)One end of the strut is fixed and the other end is free
ii) Both the end of strut are fixed iii) One end is fixed and other end is hinged.
E=2x105 N/mm2.
9. A hollow alloy tube 5 m long with external diameter 40mm and 25mm respectively was found
to extend 6.4 mm under a tensile load of 60KN. Find the buckling load for the tube when used
as a column with both ends pinned. Also find the safe load for the tube, taking a factor of
safety=4.
10. A 1.5 m long column has a circular cross-section of 5cm diameter. One of the ends of the
column is fixed in direction and position and other end is free. Taking factor of safety as 3,
calculate the safe load using:
(i)Rankins formula, take yield stress, c=560N/mm2 and a=1/6000 for pinned ends.
(ii)Eulers formula, youngs modulus for C.I=1.2x105N/mm2.
UNIT-V
PART A ( 2 Marks)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Distinguish between thin walled cylinder and thick walled cylinder?

Write the expression for hoop stress and longitudinal stress in thin cylinder due to pressure p.
Write the maximum value of shear stress in thin cylinder.
For what purpose are the cylindrical and spherical shells used?
When the longitudinal stress is in a thin cylinder is zero?
What are assumptions made in the analysis of thin cylinders?
What is the operating pressure in a thin cylinder and thick cylinder?
Write the change in diameter and change in length of a thin cylindrical shell due to internal
pressure, P.
9. What is the maximum shear stress at a point if the two principal stresses at that point are
known?
10. What is the maximum shear stress at a point if the two principal stresses at that point are
known?
11. What is the value of value maximum shear stress when the principal stresses are P1 and P2?
12. Define principal planes.
13. Define principal stress.
14. Draw Mohrs Circle for given shear stress q.
15. What is Mohrs circle & name any the situations where it is used?
16. List out the stresses induced in thin cylindrical shell due to internal pressure.
17. List out the modes of failure in thin cylindrical shell due to an internal pressure.
18. Write the equation for the change in diameter and length of a thin cylinder shell 1
19. How do classify a cylinder or a shell in to thick or thin?
20. State the Mohrs theorem and theorem II.

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PART-B ( 16 Marks)
1. Calculate: (i) The change in diameter, (ii) change in length and (iii) change in volume of a thin
cylindrical shell 100 cm diameter, 1 cm thick and 5 m long when subjected to internal pressure
of 3 N/mm2. Take the value of E=2x105N/mm2 and Poissons ratio, =0.3.
2. A thin cylindrical tube 80mm internal diameter and 5mm thick, is closed at the ends and is
subjected to an internal pressure of 6N/mm 2 . A torque of 2009600kN.mm. is also applied to
the tube. Find the hoop stress, longitudinal stress, maximum and minimum principle stresses
and maximum shear stress.
3. The stresses at a point in a bar are 200 N/mm 2 (tensile) and 100 N/mm2 (compressive).
Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and direction on a plane inclined at 60 to the axis
of the major stress. Also determine the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at the
point.
4. Derive an expression for change in dimensions of a thin cylinder due to internal pressure.
5.

a) A rectangular bar of cross-sectional area 10000mm 2 is subjected to a tensile load P. The

permissible normal and shear stresses on the oblique plane BC are given as8N/mm 2and
4N/mm2respectively. Determine the safe value of P.
b) Find the diameter of a circular bar which is subjected to an axial pull of 150kN,if the
maximum allowable shear stress on any section is 60N/mm2..

6. A thin cylindrical shell 400mm in diameter has shell thickness of 6mm subjected to an internal
pressure which produces a strain of 1/2000 in diameter. Calculate the internal pressure..
7. At a point within a body subjected to two mutually perpendicular directions, the stresses are
80N/mm2 tensile and 40 N/mm2 tensile. Each of the above stresses is accompanied by a shear
stress of 60 N/mm2. Determine the normal stress, shear stress and resultant stress on an oblique
plane inclined at an angle of 45 with the axis of major tensile stress.
8. A cylindrical shell 3m along, which is closed at the ends, has an internal diameter of 1m and a
wall thickness of 15mm. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses. And find the
changes in dimensions of the shell if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5MPa. Take
E=200GPa and Poisson ratio=0.3.
9. A cyliderical vessel is 1.5m diameter and 4m long is closed at end by rigit plates. It is
subjected to an internal pressure of 3N/mm 2. If the maximum principal stress is not to exceed
150N/mm2, find the thickness of the shell. Assume E=2x10 5N/mm2 and poissons ratio =0.25.
find the change in diameter, length and volume of the shell.
10. The intensity of resultant stress on a plane AB at a point in a material under stress is 800
N/c m2 and it is inclined at 30 to the normal to that plane. The normal component of stress on
another plane BC at right angles to plane AB is 600N/cm2
Determine the following:
(i)the resultant stress on a plane BC,
(ii) the principal stresses and their directions,
(iii) the maximum shear stresses and their planes.