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(a)
(b)
(c)
xz=0
max =
=
T
c1ab 2
TL
c 2 ab3G
(1)
stress analysis
At A x = b tb y
(by using shear equivalent)
q=t=constant
shear flow
Shear force in
the thin-wall
q=t
T = dM 0 = q (2da) = 2qA
Example
FIGURE 9.1.1. (a) Arbitrary plane area A with differential element dA. (b) Area
symmetric about the t axis. (c) Centroidal axes yz and distances dy and dz used in
parallel axis theoremes. (d) Orthogonal axis systems st and . having common origin
but different orientation.
(1)
Is =
t 2 dA ,
It =
area
(2)
Io =
I st =
(Is>0,It>0)
aera
r 2 dA =
aera
(3)
s 2 dA
(t 2 + s 2 ) dA = I s + I t
aera
st dA
aera
Principal Axes
For a given area A and a given origin O, there are two axes
s,t about which the moments of inertia are, respectively,
greater and less than about any other axes through origin O.
There two axes are called principal axes, the corresponding
moments of inertia are principal moments of inertia (where
Ist=0).
Find the centroid of the cross section and select axes s and
t
Calculate the Is and It, Ist
Calculate the angle between Principal Centroidal axes and
axes t,s by
tan 2m =
(4)
2 I st
It Is
I max(min)
I +I
I I
= s t s t + I st 2
2
2
Assume
both
couple vector M
and the neutral
axis of the cross
section to be
directed along Z
axis
(2)
x =
dA = m ydA = 0
c
c
dA
)
=
M
y
)(
y) dA = M
c
x dA = 0 m
My
I
m y
) dA = 0
c
Sample problems:
(1)
(2)
x =
My
I
to calculate stresses
directly.
I refers to the principal
centroidal axes.
M z y M yz
+
=0
Iz
Iy
I
y = ( z tan ) z
Iy
M y M sin
tan =
=
M z M cos
x =
(2)
x =
Mzy
Iz
z due to My is
x = +
(3)
M yz
Iy
M z y M yz
x =
+
Iz
Iy
The stress distribution
in unsymmetric bending
is linear.
Example 5.04
Determine the shear center O of a
channel section of uniform thickness,
b=100mm, h=150mm, t=3mm
(1) Assume that the member does
not twist, the shear flow q in
flange AB at a distance from A
q=
(2)
VQ Vsth
=
I
2I
Vthb 2
F = qds =
0
4I
(3)
Fh Vthb 2 h th 2b 2
e=
=
=
V
4I V
4I
where
I = I web + 2 I flange
2
1 3
1 3
h
= th + 2 bt + bt
12
2
12
1 2
th ( 6b + h) (neglecting t3)
12
So finally
3b 2
b
e=
=
, we can see that e does not depend
h
6bth 2 +
3b
on t,depends on the ratio h/3b,
e=0~b/2 ,For the given size here, e = 100 mm = 40 mm
2 + 0.5
Example 5.05
Determine the distribution of the
shearing stresses caused by 800N
vertical shear V at the shear center
O
(1)
q VQ Vh
=
= s
t
It 2 I
B =
(2)
6Vb
= 1.422 Mpa
th( 6bth)
1
Q = ht (4bth) at N.A.
8
So:
max =
VQ 3V ( 4bth )
=
= 1.956 Mpa
It 2th( 6bth)
Example 5.06
For the channel section of the beam,
determine the maximum shearing stress
caused by V=800N applied at the
centroid of the section(neglecting stress
connection)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(3)
Example 5.8
Determine the distribution of
shearing stresses in the thinwalled angle shape DE of
uniform thickness t for the
loading shown.
(1) Shear center: since P pass
through O, there is no
twisting.
(2) Principal centroidal axes
through point C (Centroid)
(3) Resolve shear V(=P) into
Vy, V z, which are parallel
to the principal axes, and
calculate the corresponding
shear stress, respectively,
by formulas
1 =
Vy Q
I z t
V Q
2 = z
I y t
(4)
= 1 + 2