PART I

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) or urinary tract Infection (UTI) is a state of the presence of
microorganisms in the urinary tract infasi (Agus Tessy, 2001).
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection on the state of the urinary tract
(Enggram, Barbara, 1998). Urinary tract infections can be on both men and women of all
ages both in children, adolescents, dweasa and advanced age. But of the two sexes is
apparently women are more often affected than men by age population numbers
approximately 5-15%. Urinary tract infections in certain parts of the urinary tract caused by
bacteria, especially scherichia coli: rtesiko and severity increased with kondiisi like
vesikouretral reflux, urinary tract obstruction, urinary static, the use of new urethral
instruments, septicemia. (Susan Martin Tucker, et al, 1998). Urinary tract infection in men is
a result of the spread of infection from the urethra as well as in women. However, the length
of the urethra and the distance between the urethra from the rectum in men and their
bactericidal in prostatic fluid to protect men from urinary tract infections. Consequently UTIs
in men are rare, but when it happens this disorder show abnormalities function and structure
of the urinary tract.
Urinary Tract Infection caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary
tract. These microorganisms enter through: direct contact from a nearby infection,
hematogenous, limfogen. There are two main lines of UTI, ascending and hematogenous. In
ascending namely:
1) entry of microorganisms preformance bladder, among others: anatomical factors which
women have a shorter urethra than men so the higher incidence of UTI, urinary stress factors
during micturition, fecal contamination, installation of equipment into the urinary tract
(examination sistoskopik , the use of a catheter), the presence of an infected pressure sores.
2) The increase in the bacteria from the bladder to the kidneys: Hematogenous namely: often
occurs in patients whose immune systems are so low that facilitate the spread of infection
hematogenous There are several things that affect the structure and function of the kidneys,

making it easier hematogenous spread, namely: the presence of the dam resulted in total
urinary bladder distension, intrarenal dam due to scarring, etc.
B. Identification of the Problem
In this paper the authors will discuss the problem of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Where the
disease suffered by many children to the elderly.
C. Purpose
To know the definition, anatomy physiology, etiology, pathology and Nursing Care of
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) itself.
D. Method of Writing
In conducting this study, we used the method is the method of literature.
E. Systematics Writing
CHAPTER I: Introduction Background containing, Identification Problem, Objectives,
Methods, and Systematics.
CHAPTER II: Content which contains: The basic concept of disease (anatomy and
physiology of the urinary tract, glomerulonephritis understanding, causes, pathophysiology,
clinical manifestations, diagnostic examinations, and management). As well as nursing care
(assessment, diagnosis, planning and evaluation)
CHAPTER III: Penutupyang contains Conclusions and Recommendations

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THEORY

A. BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISEASE

1. Anatomy Physiology Urinary System
Urinary system consists of several organs, namely the kidney, ureter, bladder (bladder), and
urethra.
a. kidney
The kidneys are organs berbetuk two-bean which is located in the posterior part of the
abdomen, one on each side of the vertebral column thoracic 12th until the third lumbar
vertebra, where the right kidney usually lies slightly lower than the left kidney because of its
association with heart. (Watson, 2002, hlm.384) .In kidney adults 12-13 cm in length, width 6
cm Kidney vital functions:
1) The secretion of urine and expenditures of the human body.
2) As homeostasis.
3) Expenditures substances toxins / poisons
4) Treat the water balance of the atmosphere,
5) Maintain acid-base balance of body fluids
6) Maintain a balance of salts and other substances in the body.
Kidney divided into external part called the cortex and the internal parts are known sebag / ai
medulla. In humans, each kidney is composed of approximately 1 million nefron.Nefron,
which is regarded as a functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and a
tubulus.Seperti as capillaries, glomerular capillary wall is composed of layers of endothelial
and basement membrane. Epithelial cells located on one side of the basement membrane and
endothelial cells on the other side. Glomerular stretched and formed tubules which is divided

into three parts: the proximal tubule, ansa Henle, and distal tubules. Distal tubule
pengumpul.Duktus united to form ducts running through the renal cortex and medulla to
empty its contents into the renal pelvis.and weighs between 120-150 grams.
Urine formation process begins when the blood flows through the glomerulus. Which is the
initial glomerular nephron structure, composed of capillary tuft tuft-receiving blood from
vasa afferent and blood flow through the vasa everen behind. Blood pressure determines how
much pressure and speed of blood flow through the blood glomerulus.Ketika walked past this
structure, filtration occurs. Water and small molecules will pass while large molecules are
retained in the blood stream. Fluid is filtered through the walls of the glomerular capillary
tuft-flakes and enter the tubules. This liquid is known as "Fitrat".
In normal conditions, less than 20% of the plasma that passes through the glomerulus are
filtered into the nephron with the amount that reaches approximately 180 liters of filtrate per
day. The filtrate is very similar to blood plasma without large molecules (proteins, red blood
cells, white blood cells and platelets) essentially consists of water, electrolytes, and other
small molecules. In tubules, this substance selectively partially re diabsopsi other
darah.Substansi secreted into the blood into the fitrat when fitrat flows along the tubule. Fitrat
will be concentrated in the distal tubules and collecting ducts, and then into the urine that
reaches the renal pelvis. As a substance, such as glucose, is normally entirely absorbed back
into the tubules and will not appear in the urine.
The process of reabsorption and secretion in the tubules often include active transportation
and require the use of energy. Various substances are normally filtered by the glomerulus,
reabsorbed by the tubules and excreted into the urine include sodium, chloride, bicarbonate,
potassium, glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid.
Urine is formed in the kidney functional units called nephrons. Urine is formed in this
nephron will flow into the renal tubules and collecting ducts are then fused to form the renal
pelvis. Each will form the pelvic ureter. The ureter is a long tube with a wall that consists
mostly of muscle polos.Organ connects each kidney to the bladder and serves as a pipe to
channel the urine.

b. Ureter
Consists of two pipelines each concatenated from the kidney to the bladder (bladder) 25-30
cm in length with a cross section of 0.5 cm. Ureter partially located within the abdominal
cavity and partially located in the pelvic cavity.
Ureter wall layer consists of
1) The outer wall of connective tissue (fibrous tissue)
2) The middle layer of smooth muscle
3) The next layer in the mucosal layer.
Lining the walls of the ureter causing peristaltic movements once every 5 minutes that will
encourage the urine into the bladder (bladder).
Ureter runs almost vertically downward along the psoas and muscular fascia covered by
pedtodinium. Narrowing of the ureter occurs in a ureter left renal pelvis, blood vessels,
nerves and surrounding vessels have sensory nerves.
c. Bladder (bladder)
The bladder is a hollow organ located just behind the anterior os.pubis. This organ berungsi
as a temporary container to hold urine. Most of the bladder wall is composed of smooth
muscle called muscle muscular detrusor.Kontraksi mengososngkan primarily serves the
bladder during urination (urinary). Urethra emerges from the bladder; in males, the urethra
runs through the penis and the woman empties right anterior vaginal sebela. In the male
prostate gland located just below the neck of the bladder surrounding the urethra in posterior
and been literally. Urinalysis external sphincter is a muscle volunteers rounded to the initial
process control urination.
Kidney divided into external part called the cortex and the internal parts are known sebag / ai
medulla. In humans, each kidney is composed of approximately 1 million nefron.Nefron,
which is regarded as a functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and a
tubulus.Seperti as capillaries, glomerular capillary wall is composed of layers of endothelial
and basement membrane. Epithelial cells located on one side of the basement membrane and
endothelial cells on the other side. Glomerular stretched and formed tubules which is divided
into three parts: the proximal tubule, ansa Henle, and distal tubules. Distal tubule

pengumpul.Duktus united to form ducts running through the renal cortex and medulla to
empty its contents into the renal pelvis.
Urine formation process begins when the blood flows through the glomerulus. Which is the
initial glomerular nephron structure, composed of capillary tuft tuft-receiving blood from
vasa afferent and blood flow through the vasa everen behind. Blood pressure determines how
much pressure and speed of blood flow through the blood glomerulus.Ketika walked past this
structure, filtration occurs. Water and small molecules will pass while large molecules are
retained in the blood stream. Fluid is filtered through the walls of the glomerular capillary
tuft-flakes and enter the tubules. This liquid is known as "Fitrat".
In normal conditions, less than 20% of the plasma that passes through the glomerulus are
filtered into the nephron with the amount that reaches approximately 180 liters of filtrate per
day. The filtrate is very similar to blood plasma without large molecules (proteins, red blood
cells, white blood cells and platelets) essentially consists of water, electrolytes, and other
small molecules. In tubules, this substance selectively partially re diabsopsi other
darah.Substansi secreted into the blood into the fitrat when fitrat flows along the tubule. Fitrat
will be concentrated in the distal tubules and collecting ducts, and then into the urine that
reaches the renal pelvis. As a substance, such as glucose, is normally entirely absorbed back
into the tubules and will not appear in the urine.
The process of reabsorption and secretion in the tubules often include active transportation
and require the use of energy. Various substances are normally filtered by the glomerulus,
reabsorbed by the tubules and excreted into the urine include sodium, chloride, bicarbonate,
potassium, glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid.
d. urethra
The urethra is a narrow channel that originate in the bladder that functions kemiih channel
water out.
In males consists of:
1) The urethra prostaria
2) membranous urethra
3) cavernous urethra.

Male urethral lining consists of a layer of the mucosa (innermost layer), and the submucosal
layer. In addition to the channel excretion male urethra serves as the reproductive tract (where
the discharge of sperm).
The urethra in women is located behind the symphysis pubis, runs tilted slightly upward, 34 cm in length. Lining of the urethra in women consists of the tunica muscularis (outer) layer
spongeosa a plexus of veins, and the mucosal layer (inner layer). Female urethral opening is
located on the top of the vagina (between clitoris and vagina) and urethra here only as a
channel excretion.

2. Understanding Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) or urinary tract Infection (UTI) is a state of the presence of
microorganisms in the urinary tract infasi (Agus Tessy, 2001).
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection on the state of the urinary tract
(Enggram, Barbara, 1998). Urinary tract infections can be on both men and women of all
ages both in children, adolescents, dweasa and advanced age. But of the two sexes is
apparently women are more often affected than men by age population numbers
approximately 5-15%. Urinary tract infections in certain parts of the urinary tract caused by
bacteria, especially scherichia coli: rtesiko and severity increased with kondiisi like
vesikouretral reflux, urinary tract obstruction, urinary static, the use of new urethral
instruments, septicemia. (Susan Martin Tucker, et al, 1998). Urinary tract infection in men is
a result of the spread of infection from the urethra as well as in women. However, the length
of the urethra and the distance between the urethra from the rectum in men and their
bactericidal in prostatic fluid to protect men from urinary tract infections. Consequently UTIs
in men are rare, but when it happens this disorder show abnormalities function and structure
of the urinary tract.
3. Pathophysiology and Causes of Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary Tract Infection caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary
tract. These microorganisms enter through: direct contact from a nearby infection,
hematogenous, limfogen. There are two main lines of UTI, ascending and hematogenous. In
ascending namely:

1) entry of microorganisms preformance bladder, among others: anatomical factors which

women have a shorter urethra than men so the higher incidence of UTI, urinary stress factors
during micturition, fecal contamination, installation of equipment into the urinary tract
(cystoscopy examination, catheter), the presence of an infected pressure sores.
2) The increase in the bacteria from the bladder to the kidneys
Hematogenous ie: common in immunocompromised patients system that facilitate the spread
of infection hematogenous There are several things that affect the structure and function of
the kidneys, making it easier hematogenous spread, namely: the presence of the dam resulted
in total urinary bladder distension, intrarenal dam due to scarring, etc.
At the advanced age of UTI is often caused due to:
1) The rest of the urine in the bladder induced increase bladder emptying incomplete or
ineffective.
2) Mobility decreased
3) Nutrients are often poorly
4) System imunnitas yng decreased
5) The existence of barriers in the urinary tract
6) The loss of bactericidal effects of prostate secretion.

Residual urine in the bladder that increased the lead to excessive distensii causing pain, this
situation results in a decrease in resistance to bacterial invasion and urinary residue into
bacterial growth media which in turn will lead to impaired renal function itself, then this state
of hematogenous spread to the urinary tract suluruh . In addition, some of the things that
predispose to UTI, among others: obstruction of urine flow proximal menakibtakan
pressurized fluid accumulation in the renal pelvis and ureter called hidronefroses. Common
causes of obstruction are: renal scarring, stones, prostate hypertrophy neoplasms and are
often found in men over the age of 60 years.

a. The types of microorganisms that cause UTI, among others:

1) Escherichia coli: 90% cause of uncomplicated UTI (simple)
2) Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella: causes of complicated UTI
3) Enterobacter, epidemidis staphylococci, enterococci, and-other.
b. The prevalence of the causes of UTI in the elderly, among others:
1) The rest of the urine in the bladder induced increase bladder emptying less effective
2) Mobility decreased
3) Nutrients are often poorly
4) decreased immune system, both cellular and humoral
5) The existence of barriers to the flow of urine
6) The loss of bactericidal effects of prostate secretion.

4. Signs and Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections

a. Symptoms - Symptoms of common kemihsecara tract infection often include:
1) The symptoms are visible, frequent urge to urinate onset
2) Burning and stinging during urination
3) Frequent urination, but the urine in small amounts (oliguria)
4) The presence of red blood cells in the urine (hematuria)
5) Urine dark and murky, as well as the pungent odor of urine
6) Discomfort in the area of the renal pelvis
7) Pain in the area above the pubic
8) feeling depressed in the lower abdomen
9) Fever

10) In older women also showed similar symptoms, yaiu fatigue, loss of strength, fever
11) Frequent urination at night
If the infection is left alone, the infection will spread from the bladder to the kidneys.
Symptoms - symptoms of an infection of the kidney associated with symptoms of cystitis,
fever, chills, back pain, nausea, and vomiting. Cystitis and kidney infections, including the
urinary tract infection.

Not everyone with a urinary tract infection can be seen signs - signs and symptoms, but
generally seen several symptoms, including:
1) a strong urge to urinate
2) burning sensation during urination
3) The frequency of urination is often the amount of urine (oliguria)
4) The presence of blood in the urine (hematuria)
b. Symptoms - Symptoms of urinary tract infections are often specifically include:
1) acute pyelonephritis.
In this type, a kidney infection may occur after the spread of infections that occur in the
bladder. Infection of the kidneys can lead to a sense of Salit on the upper back and pelvis,
high fever, shaking from the cold, and nausea or vomiting.
2) Cystitis.
Inflammation or infection of the bladder may be able to cause distress in the pelvis, lower
abdominal discomfort, pain during urination, and the smell of urine mnyengat.
3) Urethritis.
Inflammation or infection of the urethra causing a burning sensation during urination. In men,
urethritis can cause interference on the penis.

Signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection based on age ranges, including:

a. Symptoms in infants and young children is often the case, include:

1) The tendency for high fever of unknown origin, especially if associated with a sign - a sign
of a hungry baby and illness such as fatigue and lethargy.
2) The pain and the smell of urine that is not bad. (Parents are generally not able to identify
urinary tract infection urine just by kissing her baby. Therefore, a medical examination is
required).
3) Urine turbid. (If urine is clear, it is just similar to the disease, although it can not be
verified that the baby is free from urinary tract infections).
4) pain in the abdomen and back.
5) vomiting and pain in the abdominal area (in infants)
6) jaundice (yellow skin and eyes white) in infants, especially babies who set it eight days
old.

b. Symptoms of urinary tract infection in children - children, include:

1) Diarrhea
2) Crying endlessly that can not be stopped with a certain business (eg, feeding, and carrying)
3) Loss of appetite
4) Fever
5) Nausea and vomiting
6) In children - children, bedwetting also indicates the symptoms of urinary tract infection.
7) Weak
8) The presence of pain during urination.

c. For children who are older, the symptoms of which are shown in the form of:
1) pain in the pelvis and lower back (with a kidney infection)
2) frequent urination
3) inability memprodukasi urine in normal amounts, in other words, the small amount of
urine (oliguria)
4) can not control spending bladder and bowels
5) pain in the abdomen and pelvic area
6) pain during urination (dysuria)
7) urine is cloudy and has an odor pungent
d. Symptoms of urinary tract infections in adults, include:
1) Symptoms that indicate kemihringan tract infection (eg, cystitis, urethritis) includes:
a) pain in the back
b) the presence of blood in the urine (hematuria)
c) the presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria)
d) urine cloudy
e) inability to urinate even though no or their urine out
f) fever
g) urge to urinate at night (nocturia)
h) no appetite
i) weak and lethargic (malaise)
j) pain during urination (dysuria)
k) pain in the upper part of the pubic area (in women)

l) discomfort in the area of the rectum (in men)

2) The symptoms that indicate a more severe urinary tract infections (eg pyelonephritis)
includes:
a) Chills
b) high fever and shaking
c) nausea
d) vomiting (emesis)
e) pain under the ribs
f) pain in the area around abdome

5. Diagnostic Examination
a. Urinalysis
1) Leukosuria or pyuria: is one of the important evidence of UTI. Leukosuria positive if there
are more than 5 leukocytes / high-power field (LPB) urine sediment
2) hematuria: hematuria positive when there is a 5-10 erythrocytes / LPB urine sediment.
Haematuria caused by various pathological states either glomerular damage or urolithiasis.
b. Bacteriological
1) Microscopic
2) bacterial cultures
c. Urine culture to identify any specific organism
d. Calculate the colony: colony count of about 100,000 colonies per milliliter of urine from
the urinary flow capacity of the specimens in the middle or catheter is considered as the main
criteria of infection.

e. Method of test
1) multistrip dipstick test for WBC (leukocyte esterase test) and nitrite (Griess test for nitrate
reduction). Positive leukocyte esterase test: the psien experience pyuria. Nitrate reduction
test, positive Griess if there is bacteria reduce nitrate to nitrite normal urine.
2) Test Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs):
Acute Uretritia due to sexually transmitted organisms (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex).
3) the tests additional:
Intravenous urogram (IVU). Pielografi (IVP), msistografi, and ultrasound may also be
performed to determine whether the infection is a result of abnormalities of the urinary tract,
stones, renal mass or abscess, or hiperplasie hodronerosis prostate. IV urogram or ultrasonic
evaluation, cystoscopy and urodynamic procedures can be performed to identify the cause of
the recurrence of resistant infections.

6. Management of Medical
Handling Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an ideal antibacterial agent that effectively
removes bacteria from the urinary tract with minimal effect terhaap fecal and vaginal flora.
Therapy Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in the elderly can be divided into:
a. Single dose antibiotic therapy
b. Conventional antibiotic therapy: 5-14 days
c. Long-term antibiotic therapy: 4-6 weeks
d. Low-dose therapy for suppression
Long-term use of antimicrobial lower the risk of recurrence of infection. If recurrence is
caused by persistent bacteria in early infection, causative factors (eg stone, abscess), if it
appears one, must be addressed. After handling and sterilization of the urine, low-dose
preventive therapy.

The use of common medications include: sulfisoxazole (gastrisin), trimethoprim /

sulfamethoxazole (TMP / SMZ, Bactrim, Septra), ampicillin or amoxicillin sometimes used,
but E. coli was resistant to these bacteria. Pyridium, a urinary analgesic indigenous jug used
to reduce the discomfort caused by infection.
The use of drugs in the elderly should be considered the likelihood is:
a. Impaired absorption in the digestive tract
b. Interansi drug
c. Side effects of drugs
d. Disruption of drug accumulation especially drugs excretion through the kidneys

The risk of drug administration in the elderly in relation to renal physiology:

a. Effects of drug nefrotosik
b. Effects of drug toxicity
The use of drugs in the elderly should setiasp when evaluated their effectiveness and should
always answer the questions as follows:
a. Are drugs given really useful / necessary?
b. Are drugs given cause things better or malh membahnayakan?
c. Is a given drug would still be appropriate?
d. Can some dikuranngi drug dosage or discontinued?

B. NURSING
1. Assessment
a. Physical examination: done head to toe and body systems
b. History or presence of risk factors:

1) Is there any history of previous infection?

2) Is there any obstruction in the urinary tract?
c. The presence of factors that predispose patients to nosocomial infections.
1) How do the foley catheter?
2) Immobilization in a long time.
3) What happens urinary incontinence?
d. Assessment of clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections
1) How does the pattern of the patient to urinate? to detect the factors predisposing to UTI
patients (impulse, frequency, and amount)
2) Is there dysuria?
3) What is the urgency?
4) Is there hesitancy?
5) Is there a pungent smell of urine?
6) How orine volume output, color (grayish) and the concentration of urine?
7) Is there-usually suprapubic pain in the lower urinary tract infection?
8) Is there nyesi pangggul or waist-usually in the upper urinary tract infection?
9) Increased body temperature is usually in the upper urinary tract infection.
e. Assessment of patient psychology:
1) How did the patient on treatment outcomes and actions that have been done?
2) Adakakan feelings of shame or fear of recurrence of the disease.

2. Nursing Diagnosis
a. infection with the bacteria in the urinary tract.

b. Changes in urinary elimination pattern (dysuria, encouragement, frequency, and or

nocturia) associated with UTI.
c. Pain associated with UTI.
d. Lack of knowledge related to the lack of information about the disease, prevention
methods, and home care instructions.

3. Intervention (Planning / Implementation)

Plan
a. Infections associated with the presence of bacteria in the urinary tract
1) Purpose:
After the act of nursing for 3 x 24 hours the patient showed no signs of infection.
2) Criteria Results:
a) vital signs within normal limits
b) The value of a negative urine culture
c) Urine colored translucent and do not smell
3) Intervention:
a) Assess the patient's body temperature every 4 hours and report if the temperature is above
38.50 C
Rational:
Vital signs indicate a change in the body
b) Record the characteristics of urine
Rational:
To find / identify indications of progress or deviations from expected results.
c) Instruct the patient to drink 2-3 liters if there are no contra-indications

Rational:
To prevent urinary stasis
d) Monitor re-examination of urine kultuur and sensitivity to determine response to therapy.
Rational:
Knowing how far the effects of treatment on the circumstances of the patient.
e) Instruct the patient to empty the bladder urinary komlit every time.
Rational:
To prevent bladder distension.
f) Provide perineal care, keep it clean and dry.
Rational:
To maintain cleanliness and avoid bacteria that make infection of the urethra
b. Changes in urinary elimination pattern (dysuria, encouragement, and the frequency or
nocturia) associated with UTI.
1) Purpose:
After the act of nursing for 3 x 24 hour client can adequately maintain the pattern of
elimination.
2) Criteria Results:
a) Clients can urinate every 3 hours
b) The client no difficulty in micturition
c) Clients can BAK and micturition
3) Intervention:
a) Measure and record the urine every time urination
Rational:

To determine the change in color and to determine the input / output

b) Suggest to urinate every 2-3 hours
Rational:
To prevent the buildup of urine in the bladder.
c) palpation of the bladder every 4 hours
Rational:
To facilitate Klian in urination.
d) Assist the client to the restroom, use a bedpan / urinal.
Rational:
To facilitate the client to urinate.
e) Assist clients get comfortable poosisi urination.
Rational:
So that the client is not difficult to urinate.
c. Pain associated with UTI
1) Purpose:
After the act of nursing for 3 x 24 hours the patient feel comfortable and pain was reduced.
2) Criteria Results:
a) Patients say / no complaints at the time of micturition
b) The bladder is not strained
c) Passien seemed calm
d) expression calm
3) Intervention:
a) Assess inensitas, location and aggravating factors or relieve pain.

Rational:
Severe pain indicates infection.
b) Provide adequate rest periods and the level of activity that can be tolerant.
Rational:
Clients can rest in peace and be able to relax the muscles.
c) Encourage drinking lots of 2-3 liters if no contra indications.
Rational:
To assist clients in urination.
d) Give analgesics according to the treatment program.
Rational:
Analgesic block the path of pain.
d. Lack of knowledge related to the lack of information tentangproses disease, prevention
methods, and home care instructions.
1) Objectives: After nursing action the client does not show signs of restlessness.
2) Criteria Results:
a) The client is not restless
b) Client quiet
3) Intervention:
a) Assess the level of anxiety
Rational:
To determine the severity of anxiety clients
b) Give the client the opportunity to express his feelings.
Rational:

In order for the client to have passion and want empathy for care and treatment.
c) Give the client suport
Rational:
In order for clients to have high morale and confidence to care for his recovery.
d) Encourage spiritual
Rational:
In order for the client back surrender completely to God Almighty. Give suport on the client.
e) Give an explanation of the illness
Rational:
In order for the client to understand the full extent of her illness.
Implementation / Execution
At this stage to implement interventions and activities that have been recorded in the patient's
care plan. In order for implementation / execution of this plan can be precisely timely and
effective it is necessary to identify the priorities of care, monitor and record the patient's
response to any intervention performed and documented the implementation of treatment
(Doenges E Marilyn, et al. 2000) .Tahap to implement interventions and activities that have
been recorded in the patient's care plan. In order for implementation / execution of this plan
can be timely and effective it is necessary to identify the priority of care, monitor and record
the patient's response to any intervention performed and documented the implementation of
treatment (Doenges E Marilyn, et al, 2000)

4. Evaluation
At this stage it should be evaluated on the client with UTI is, referring to the goals to be
achieved if there is:
a. Pain that persists or increases
b. Changes in urine color

c. Voiding pattern changes, frequent urination, and little by little, feeling the urge to pee
dripping after urination.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION
In this chapter the authors to conclude, among others:
In the study the authors conclude the data through widespread incidence of cases, interview,
physical examination, history or presence of risk factors, clinical manifestations of urinary
tract infections, the psychology of the patient, not because the authors did not assess directly
on the client, but the author only gets the data from the illustration case in the can.
Diagnose exist in theory but none of the cases was a change in the pattern of elimination of
urine (dysuria, encouragement, frequency, and or hokturia) related to mechanical obstruction
of the bladder or urinary structures, etc., while the existing diagnosis in theory and in the case
of infections , impaired sense of comfort pain and lack of knowledge.
In the planning of nursing authors adjusted for current clients extensively studied and made it
a priority issue in accordance basic human needs according to Maslow and the main needs of
clients.
In the implementation of the authors nursing nursing action based on the plan of action that
has been made.
In the evaluation, the authors can conclude that all diagnoses can be resolved and nursing
goals achieved. But the problem I can not seem to document the data well so untukmembuat
evaluation experiencing difficulties, this is because penulishanya get data based on the
guidelines of cases.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection on the state of the urinary tract
(Enggram, Barbara, 1998). Urinary tract infections can be on both men and women of all
ages both in children, adolescents, dweasa and advanced age. But of the two sexes is
apparently women are more often affected than men by age population numbers
approximately 5-15%. Urinary tract infections in certain parts of the urinary tract caused by

bacteria, especially scherichia coli: rtesiko and severity increased with kondiisi like
vesikouretral reflux, urinary tract obstruction, urinary static, the use of new urethral
instruments, septicemia. (Susan Martin Tucker, et al, 1998). Urinary tract infection in men is
a result of the spread of infection from the urethra as well as in women.

B. ADVICE
For readers, colleagues and writers in order to prioritize problems according the basic human
needs of the client and the main problem, although documentation of data can not be done
because the data obtained only by illustrative case extensively but a plan of action can be
done well. It is recommended in order to document all the data on the client degan verbal and
objective so that it can make a good evaluation to support good documentation.

REFERENCES
Doenges, Marilyn E. (1999). Nursing care plan: guidelines for planning and documenting
patient care. Interpretation: I Made Kariasa, Ni made Sumarwati. Edition: 3. Jakrta: EGC.
Nugroho, Wahyudi. (2000). Nursing Gerontik. Edition: 2. New York: EGC.
Parsudi, Imam A. (1999). Geriatrics (Elderly Health Sciences). Jakarta: FKUI
Price, Sylvia Andrson. (1995). Pathophysiology: Clinical concepts of disease processes:
clinical pathophysiologi concept of disease processes. Interpretation: Peter Grace. Issue: 4.
Jakarta: EGC
Smeltzer, Suzanne C. (2001). Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing Brunner & Suddart.
Rather Bhasa: Supreme Waluyo. Edition: 8. Jakarta: EGC.
Tessy Agus, Ardaya, Suwanto. (2001). Textbook of Internal Medicine: Urinary Tract
Infection. Edition: 3. Jakarta: Faculty of medicine.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
Ii TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background
B. Identification of Problem
C. Objective
D. Method of Writing
E. Systematics Writing
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THEORY
A. BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISEASE
1. Anatomy Physiology
2. Definition
3. Pathophysiology and Causes of
4. Signs and Symptoms of
5. Diagnostic Examination
6. Management of Medical
B. NURSING
1. Assessment
2. Nursing Diagnosis
3. Intervention (Planning / Implementation)
4. Evaluation

CHAPTER III CLOSING

A. Conclusions
B. Recommendations
REFERENCES

PREFACE
My gratitude are extended to god almighty one, because on his permission, I can finish a
paper entitled "Urinary Tract Infections" in accordance with the time. As for this paper I
created as a test of English assignment which will be the subject of value addition in the
English language.

Urinary tract infection is a disease that causes the microorganisms. Urinary tract infections
can be on both men and women of all ages both in children, adolescents, dweasa and
advanced age. Urinary tract infections in certain parts of the urinary tract caused by bacteria,
especially scherichia coli: rtesiko and severity increased with kondiisi like vesikouretral
reflux, urinary tract obstruction, urinary static, the use of new urethral instruments,
septicemia. then, will be discussed more clearly in this paper.

Thus this paper I created and realized the shortcomings in the use of language and accuracy
in the preparation of the sentence, for that I ask the advice of criticism that would be able to
build and make this paper is much better. I hope this paper can be useful for readers, thank
you.

NAMA
NMP

: MINAWATI DEWI
: 11.11.075

PRODI : PSN IV-2

PROGRAM TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN

STIKES DELIHUSADA DELITUA
TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016