0506297

SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL
WEIGHTED SPACES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS

A. BORICHEV, R. DHUEZ, K. KELLAY
Abstract. We obtain sampling and interpolation theorems in radial weighted spaces of analytic functions for weights of arbitrary
(more rapid than polynomial) growth. We give an application to
invariant subspaces of arbitrary index in large weighted Bergman
spaces.
1. Introduction
$ Let h : [0, 1) [0, +) be an increasing function such that
h(0) = 0, and limr1 h(r) = +. We extend h by h(z) = h(|z|),
z D , and call such h a weight function. Denote by Ah (D ) the
Banach space of holomorphic functions on the unit disk D with the
norm
kf kh = sup |f (z)|eh(z) < +.
zD
A subset of D is called a sampling set for Ah (D ) if there exists

> 0 such that for every f Ah (D ) we have
kf kh kf kh, = sup |f (z)|eh(z) .
z
A subset of D is called an interpolation set for Ah (D ) if for every

function a defined on such that kakh, < there exists f Ah (D )
such that

a = f .
In this case there exists = (h, ) > 0 such that for every a with
kakh, < we can find such f Ah (D ) with
kf kh kakh, .
Date: April 15, 2015.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 30H05; Secondary 30E05,
46E20, 47B37.
Key words and phrases. Spaces of analytic functions, sampling, interpolation,
index of invariant subspaces.
1
Next we assume that h C 2 (D ), and

2
2
h(z) =
h(x + iy) 1,
z D.
+
x2 y 2
We consider the weighted Bergman spaces
Z

p
p
|f (z)|p eph(z) dm2 (z) < ,
Ah (D ) = f Hol (D ) : kf kp,h =
D
where dm2 is area measure, 1 p < .

A subset of D is a sampling set for Aph (D ) if
X
|f (z)|p
eph(z)
kf kpp,h kf kpp,h, =
.
h(z)
z
A subset of D is an interpolation set for Aph (D ) if there exists > 0
such that for every function a defined on such that kakp,h, < there
exists f Aph (D ) such that

a = f ,
kf kp,h kakp,h, .
For a motivation of these definitions let us consider the case p = 2.
Then A2h (D ) is a Hilbert space of analytic functions in the unit disc,
and we define the reproducing kernel k A2h (D ), D , by
hk , f i = f (),
f A2h (D ).
For regular h considered in our paper (for precise conditions on h see

the next section) we have (see, for example, Lemmas 3.3 and 4.1 (ii)
below)
kk k2 e2h() h().
Therefore, a family of normalized reproducing kernels {k /kk k} is
a frame in A2h (D ), that is
X
k 2
f A2h (D ),
f,
kf k2 ,
kk
k
if and only if is a sampling set for A2h (D ). In a similar way, a

family {k /kk k} is a Riesz basic sequence in its closed linear span
in A2h (D ), that is
X
k
2 X

a
|a |2

kk
k
for any sequence {a } of complex numbers, if and only if is an

interpolation set for A2h (D ).
The famous Feichtinger conjecture (see, for example, [9, 10]) claims
that any frame in a Hilbert space is a finite union of Riesz basic sequences. For families of normalized reproducing kernels in A2h (D ) this
SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL WEIGHTED SPACES
conjectrure translates into the question on whether any sampling set

for A2h (D ) is a finite union of interpolation sets for A2h (D ). The answer
is positive for h we consider in this paper (as follows from Therems 2.2
and 2.4).
In the plane case, if h : [0, ) [0, +) is an increasing function
such that h(0) = 0, limr h(r) = +, we extend h by h(z) = h(|z|),
z C , and consider the Banach space Ah (C ) of entire functions with
the norm
kf kh = sup |f (z)|eh(z) < +,
zC
and the weighted Fock spaces

Z

p
p
|f (z)|p eph(z) dm2 (z) < .
Ah (C ) = f Hol (C ) : kf kp,h =
C
and define the sampling and the interpolation subsets for the spaces
Ah (C ), Aph (C ), 1 p < , like above, in the disc case.
K. Seip and R. Wallsten [20, 24] described sampling and interpolation
sets for the Fock spaces Ah (C ), A2h (C ), with h(z) = c|z|2 , in terms
of Beurling type densities. Later on, K. Seip [21] obtained such a
1
description for the Bergman type spaces Ah (D ), h(z) = log 1|z|
,
2
2
> 0, and for A0 (D ) (= Ah (D ) with h = 0). For motivation and
some applications of these results, for example to Gabor wavelets, see
a survey [8] by J. Bruna.
The results of K. Seip were extended to the Fock spaces Aph (C )
(with h not necessarily radial) such that h 1 in [3] and [19], and to
Bergman spaces Aph (D ), h(z) (1 |z|2 )2 , in [22]. Yu. Lyubarskii
and K. Seip [16] obtained such results for the spaces Ah (C ), A2h (C ),
with h(z) = m(arg z)|z|2 , m being a 2 periodic 2-trigonometrically
convex function. For more results and references see the books [13]
and [23].
Recently, N. Marco, X. Massaneda and J. Ortega-Cerdà [18] described sampling and interpolation sets for the Fock spaces Aph (C ) for
a wide class of h such that h is a doubling measure. These results
rely mainly upon the method used by A. Beurling [4] in his work on
band-limited functions and on Hormander-type weighted estimates for
the equation. Therefore, it is not clear whether they can be extended
to weight functions h having more than polynomial growth at infinity.
The aim of our work is to extend previous results to the case of
radial h of arbitrary (more than polynomial) growth. For this, we use
the method proposed by Yu. Lyubarskii and K. Seip in [16]. First
we produce peak functions with precise asymptotics. For example, for
every z D we find fz Ah (D ) such that

|fz (w)| eh(w)|wz|
2 h(z)/4
in a special neighborhood of z. (For a different type of peak functions

in Ah (D ) see [11].) These peak functions permit us then to reduce our
problems to those in the standard Fock spaces Aph (C ), h(z) = |z|2 .
The construction of peak functions in [16] is based on sharp approximation of h by log |f |, f Hol (D ), obtained in the work of Yu. Lyubarskii and M. Sodin [17]. Here we need a similar construction for
radial h of arbitrary (more than polynomial) growth. This is done in
a standard way: P
we atomise the measure h(z)dm2 (z) and obtain a
discrete measure zn . Since our h are radial, we try to get sufficiently
symmetric sequence {zn }:
{zn } = k {sk e2im/Nk },
sk 1, Nk .
For approximation of general h see the paper [15] by Yu. Lyubarskii

and E. Malinnikova and the references there.
Our paper is organized as follows. The main results are formulated
in Section 2. We construct peak functions in Section 3. Technical
lemmas on sampling and interpolation sets are contained in Section 4.
In Section 5 we obtain auxiliary results on asymptotic densities. The
theorems on sampling sets are proved in Section 6, and the theorems
on interpolation sets are proved in Section 7. In Sections 37 we deal
with the disc case. Some changes necessary to treat the plane case are
discussed in Section 8. Finally, in Section 9 we give an application of
our results to subspaces of Aph (D ) invariant under multiplication by
the independent variable.
We do not discuss here the following interesting fact: the families
of interpolation (sampling) sets are not monotonic with respect to the
weight function h. Also, we leave open other questions related to our
results, including whether our interpolation sets are just sets of free
interpolation, that is (say, for the spaces Aph (C )) the sets C such
that

` () Aph (C ) = Aph (C ).
We hope to return to these questions later on.
The authors are grateful to Yu. Lyubarskii, N. Nikolski, K. Seip,
M. Sodin, and P. Thomas for helpful discussions.
2. Main results
From now on in the disc case we assume that the function

1/2
(r) = (h)(r)
,
0 r < 1,
decreases to 0 near the point 1, and

0 (r) 0,
r 1.
(2.1)
Then for any K > 0, for r (0, 1) sufficiently close to 1, we have

[r K(r), r + K(r)] (0, 1), and
|x| K(r),
(r + x) = (1 + o(1))(r),
r 1.
(2.2)
Furthermore, we assume that either (ID ) the function r 7 (r)(1

r) increases for some C < and for r close to 1 or
C
0 (r) log 1/(r) 0,
(IID )
r 1.
Typical examples for (ID ) are

h(r) = log log
1
1
log
,
1r
1r
h(r) =
1
,
1r
r 1;
a typical example for (IID ) is

h(r) = exp
1
,
1r
r 1.
Denote by D(z, r) the disc of radius r centered at z, D(r) = D(0, r).

Given z, w D , we define
d (z, w) =
|z w|
.
min((z), (w))
We say that a subset of D is d -separated (with constant c) if

inf{d (z, w) : z, w , z 6= w} c > 0.
Given D , we define its lower d -density
D (, D ) = lim inf lim inf
R |z|1, zD
Card( D(z, R(z)))

,
R2
and its upper d -density

D+ (, D ) = lim sup lim sup
R
|z|1, zD
Card( D(z, R(z)))

.
R2
We remark here that by (2.2), for fixed R, 0 < R < , we have

Z
1
lim
h(z) dm2 (z) = 1.
|z|1, zD R2 D(z,R(z))
We could compare these densities D to those defined in the case

(z) 1 |z| by K. Seip in [21]:
P
1
z()D(r)\D(1/2) log |z|
D (, D ) = lim inf inf

,
(2.3)
1
r1 Aut(D )
log 1r
P
1
z()D(r)\D(1/2) log |z|
+
,
(2.4)
D (, D ) = lim sup sup
1
log 1r
r1 Aut(D )
where Aut(D ) is the group of the Mobius authomorphisms of the unit
disc. In contrast to D , the densities D are rather local, and correspondingly, it is not difficult to compute D (, D ) for many concrete
.
Theorem 2.1. A set D is a sampling set for Ah (D ) if and only
if it contains a d -separated subset such that D ( , D ) > 21 .
Theorem 2.2. A set D is a sampling set for Aph (D ), 1 p < ,
if and only if (i) is a finite union of d -separated subsets, and (ii)
contains a d -separated subset such that D ( , D ) > 12 .
Theorem 2.3. A set is an interpolation set for Ah (D ) if and only
if it is d -separated and D+ (, D ) < 12 .
Theorem 2.4. A set is an interpolation set for Aph (D ), 1 p < ,
if and only if it is d -separated and D+ (, D ) < 12 .
In the plane case we assume that h C 2 (C ), h(z) 1, z C ,
that the function

1/2
(r) = (h)(r)
,
0 r < ,
decreases to 0 at infinity, and that
0 (r) 0,
r .
Then for any K > 0, for sufficiently large r, we have r > K(r), and
(r + x) = (1 + o(1))(r),
|x| K(r),
r .
Furthermore, we assume that either (IC ) the function r 7 (r)rC increases for some C < and for large r or (IIC ) 0 (r) log 1/(r) 0 as
r .
Typical examples for (IC ) are
h(r) = r2 log log r,
h(r) = rp , p > 2,
a typical example for (IIC ) is

h(r) = exp r,
r .
r ;
Next, we introduce d , and the notion of d -separated subsets of C

as above. Given C , we define its lower d -density
D (, C ) = lim inf lim inf
R
|z|
Card( D(z, R(z)))

,
R2
and its upper d -density

D+ (, C ) = lim sup lim sup
R
|z|
Card( D(z, R(z)))

.
R2
Theorem 2.5. A set C is a sampling set for Ah (C ) if and only

if it contains a d -separated subset such that D ( , C ) > 12 .
Theorem 2.6. A set C is a sampling set for Aph (C ), 1 p < ,
if and only if (i) is a finite union of d -separated subsets and (ii)
contains a d -separated subset such that D ( , C ) > 12 .
Theorem 2.7. A set is an interpolation set for Ah (C ) if and only
if it is d -separated and D+ (, D ) < 12 .
Theorem 2.8. A set is an interpolation set for Aph (C ), 1 p < ,
if and only if it is d -separated and D+ (, D ) < 12 .
3. Peak functions
In this section we first approximate h by log |f |, for a special infinite
product f . Then, using this construction, and an estimate on the
partial products for the Weierstrass -function, we approximate the
function w 7 h(w) |w z|2 h(z)/4 in a fixed d -neighborhood of
z D.
Proposition 3.1. There exist sequences {rk }, {sk }, 0 = r0 < s0 <
r1 < . . . rk < sk < rk+1 < . . . < 1, and a sequence Nk , k 0, of
natural numbers, such that Nk+1 Nk for large k, and
rk+1 rk
(i)
lim
= 2,
lim Nk (rk+1 rk ) = 2,
k
k
(rk )
rk+1 rk
rk+1 sk
1
lim
= 1,
lim
= ,
k rk rk1
2
2im/N k rk+1 rk
k
(ii) if = sk e
, and if
k0, 0m<Nk
Y 1 z/
f (z) = lim
,
r1
1 z
rD
then the products in the right hand side converge uniformly on
compact subsets of the unit disc, and
dist(z, )
|f (z)| eh(z)
,
z D.
(3.1)
(z)
(iii)
Given s (0, 1) sufficiently close to the point 1, we can define

{rk }, {Nk }, {sk } and as above in such a way that s and
(3.1) holds (uniformly in s).
Proof. (i) We choose the sequence {rk } in the following way: r0 = 0;

given rk , k 0, the number rk is defined by
Z
dm2 (w)
(rk rk )
h(w)
= 2,
2
rk |z|<rk
and rk+1 is the smallest number in the interval [rk , 1) such that
Z
dm2 (w)
h(w)
Nk =
N.
2
rk |z|<rk+1
Here we use that by (2.1),
h(r)1/2 = (r) = o(1 r),
r 1.
(3.2)
Furthermore, since h(r) increases for r close to 1, we obtain that

Nk do not decrease for large k, and
lim Nk (rk+1 rk ) = 2.
By (2.2) we obtain
(rk+1 rk )2
= 2,
k
(rk )2
rk+1 rk
lim
= 1.
k rk rk1
lim
Next we define sk by the relations

Z
1
1
1 dm2 (w)
h(w) log
,
log
=
sk
Nk rk |z|<rk+1
|w| 2
Clearly,
log
< log
rk+1
By (2.2) and (3.2) we have
1
1
< log ,
sk
rk
k 0.
rk+1 sk
1
= .
k rk+1 rk
2
lim
(ii) First of all we note that

Y 1 z Nm sNm
m
.
Nm sNm
L
1
z
m
0mL
f (z) = lim
k 0.
(3.3)
Set
1 z Nm sNm

m
Wm = log
..
N
N
m
m
1 z sm
If m > k, then for some constant c > 0,
sm r c
Since
x
exy ,
y
mk
.
Nm
0 x y 1,
(3.4)
we get
m
ec(mk) .
rNm sN
m
Next we use that if || c < 1, | 0 | 1, then

1

log
c1 ||,
0
1
with c1 depending only on c.
Therefore,
|Wm | c1 ec(mk) ,
m > k.
Summing up, we obtain

X
X
|Wm | c1
ec(mk) c2 ,
m>k
(3.5)
(3.6)
m>k
for some positive constants c1 , c2 .

Thus,
Y 1 z Nm sNm
m
f (z) =
.
N
Nm
m
1
z
s
m
m0
Suppose that z D \ , rk r < rk+1 , where r = |z|, and for some
d, 0 d < Nk ,

arg z 2d .
Nk
Nk
Now we set
A(z) = log |f (z)| h(z) log
dist(z, )
.
(z)
By Greens formula,
Z
h(r) =
h(w) log
D(r)
r dm2 (w)
.
|w| 2
(3.7)
10
Therefore,
dist(z, )
A(z) + log
=
(z)

X 1 z Nm sNm Z
r dm2 (w)
m
log
h(w) log

Nm sNm
1
z
|w| 2
r
|w|<r
m
m
m+1
0mk1
Z
m
r dm2 (w) X 1 z Nm sN

m
h(w) log
+
log

N
N
m
m
|w| 2
1 z sm
rk |w|<r
mk
X
X
=
Um V +
Wm .
0mk1
mk
First,
r
|V |
sup log
|w|
rk |w|<r

Z
h(w)
rk |w|<r
dm2 (w)
2
cNk (rk+1 rk ) c1 , (3.8)

for some constants c, c1 .
Next we are to verify that

dist(z, )

Wk log
c,

(z)
(3.9)
k
for some constant c. Indeed, |z Nk sN
k | c1 , for some constant c1 < 1,
and it remains to estimate W (z), where

(r )(1 Nk sNk )
k

k
D.
W () = log
,
2id/N
k
sk e
Consider the set

n

2d
o
= rei : rk r rk+1 ,
.
Nk
Nk
k
| 1, and
For we have (rk ) | sk e2id/Nk |, | Nk sN
k
Nk Nk
Nk Nk
either | arg( sk )| c1 or |1 | sk || c1 , for some positive
constant c1 . Therefore, |W ()| c2 , , for some constant c2 .
Since W is harmonic on , we obtain, by the maximum principle, that
|W (z)| c2 , and (3.9) follows.
It remains to verify that
X
|Um | c,
(3.10)
0m<k
11
with c independent of r. This together with (3.8), (3.9) and (3.6)

implies that A is bounded uniformly in z D \ , and (3.1) follows.
Since
Z
r dm2 (w)
r
h(w) log
= Nm log
,
|w| 2
sm
rm |w|<rm+1
we have
1 sNm z Nm

m
Um = log
0 m < k.
,
m
1 z Nm sN
m
Next we consider two cases. If satisfies the property (ID ), then we
define
1 sNm wNm

m
0 m < k, sm < |w| 1,

Um
(w) = log
,
N
N
m
m
1 w sm
and divide m, 0 m < k, into the groups

St = m : 1 sm 2t (1 r), 2t+1 (1 r) ,
t Z +.
Put t = (1 2t (1 r)), t 0. Then by (ID ) we have
(sm ) t ,
m St ,
t Z +,
and hence,
sm+1 sm t ,
m St , t Z + .
t
t
By (3.2), t = o(2 (1 r)) as 2 (1 r) 0. Therefore, for t 1,
m St , and for some c < 1 independent of m, r, we have by (3.4) that
t1
m
sN
(1 r))Nm c.
m (1 2
(3.11)
Now, (3.5) implies that for (1 2t1 (1 r))T ,

Nm

sm
Um () c
1 2t1 (1 r)
h c ((1 s ) 2t1 (1 r)) i
h c 2t1 (1 r) i
2
m
2
c1 exp
c1 exp
,
t
t
and
h c 2t1 (1 r) i
X
2t (1 r)
2

Um () c3
exp
c4 ,
t 1,
t
t
mS
t
(3.12)
with c, c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 independent of r, t.
Furthermore,
X
X sm Nm
X

c
ec1 (km) c2 ,
Um (r) c
r
mS
mS
mS
0
with positive c, c1 , c2 independent of r.
12
are harmonic in
(w) = 0, w T , and for t 1, m St , Um
Since Um
t1
the annulus {w : 1 2 (1 r) w 1}, we deduce from (3.12) that
X

t 1,
Um (r) c2t ,
mSt
with c independent of r, t, and (3.10) is proved.

Suppose now that satisfies the property (IID ). For some constant
c > 0,
c
r sm
,
m < k,
Nm
and we obtain that
(sm /r)Nm ec ,
and again by (3.5),
|Um | c1 (sm /r)Nm ,
m < k,
for some positive constant c1 .

By (2.2) and (3.4) we obtain that
X
X
|Um | c
eNm (sm r)
m<k
c1
XZ
m<k
m<k
rm+1
rm
c2 (rx)/(x)
dx
c1
(x)
ec2 (rx)/(x)
dx
, (3.13)
(x)
with positive c, c1 , c2 independent of k, r.

Choose y such that (y) = 2(r). Then for x < y close to 1,

1
1
1 0
(r) log
+ (r x) sup log
(x) log
,
(x)
(r)
[x,r]
1
(x) log
c2 (r x).
(x)
Hence,
Z y
c2 (rx)/(x)
e
0
dx
c3 +
(x)
Z
0
e log(1/(x))
dx
c3 + 1,
(x)
(3.14)
with c3 independent of r.
Finally, for r close to 1
Z r
Z r
dx
c2 (rx)/(x) dx
e
ec2 (rx)/(2(r))
c3 ,
(x)
(r)
y
y
with c3 independent of r. These inequalities together with (3.13) prove
(3.10), and hence, (3.1).
13
0
<1
(iii) Given sk s < sk+1 , k 0, we may find 0 < rk0 < s < rk+1
such that
Z
dm2 (w)
0
h(w)
Nk = Nk =
,
0
2
rk0 |z|<rk+1
and
1
1
log =
s
Nk
Z
h(w) log
0
rk0 |z|<rk+1
1 dm2 (w)
.
|w| 2
0
After that, we define rn0 , rn0 , Nn1
, n > k + 1, as in part (i).
Furthermore, we define by induction, on the step t 1, the number
0
0
rkt+1
(0, rkt+1
) by the equality
Z
dm2 (w)
0
0
h(w)
(rkt+1 rkt+1 )
= 2,
0
0
2
rkt+1
|z|<rkt+1
0
0
]
as the largest number in the interval (0, rkt+1
and the number rkt
such that
Z
dm2 (w)
0
Nkt =
h(w)
N.
0
0
2
rkt
|z|<rkt+1
We continue this induction process until either

Z
dm2 (w)
0
Ap = rp
h(w)
< 2
2
|z|<rp0
or Ap 2 and
Z
h(w)
r<|z|<rp0
dm2 (w)
/ N,
2
r [0, rp0 ].
It is clear that in both cases rp0 c(h) < 1. Next, we modify h on

0
D in such a way that the modified function h is smooth, radial,
rp+1
subharmonic, |h (0)| c1 (h), and
Z
dm2 (w)
N.
N=
h (w)
0
2
|z|<rp+1
0
0
Finally, we set r0 = 0, N0 = N , rm = rm+p
, Nm = Nm+p
, m 1,
and define sm , m 0, by (3.3). We apply the above argument to
h = h h (0) to obtain all the estimates from (i)(ii) uniformly in s
together with the property s .
Given 0 < r 1, we define

(
h(w),
|w| < r,
hr (w) =
|w| R
dm2 (z)
h(r) + log r D(r) h(z) 2 , |w| r.
(3.15)
14
Note that
Z
hr (w) =
h(z) log
D(r)
|w| dm2 (z)

,
|z|
2
|w| r.
The proof of Proposition 3.1 gives us immediately

Lemma 3.2. In the notations of Proposition 3.1, if sk1 r < sk ,
and
Y 1 /
f () =
,
1
D(r)
then
dist(, rD )
|f ()| ehrk () min 1,
,
()
D.
If |z| = r, then we can divide this f by three factors j , j

rD D(z, 5(z)), j = 1, 2, 3, and multiply it by (z)3 , to obtain
Lemma 3.3. Given z D such that r = |z| is sufficiently close to
1, there exists a function gz analytic and bounded in D and such that
uniformly in z,
|gz (w)|eh(w) 1,
|gz (w)|eh(w)
|w z| < (z),
h min[(z), (w)] i3
c(h) min 1,
,
|z w|
(3.16)
w D.
(3.17)
We need only to verify that for some c,

ehr (w)h(w) (z)3 c(w)3 ,
0 r = |z| |w| < 1.
This follows from the inequality h(t) hr (t) and the estimate
Z
d
1
dm2 (w)
3
[h(t)hr (t)] =
h(w)
,
t r+B(r),
dt
t D(t)\D(r)
2
(t)
for some B > 0 independent of r.
Next, we obtain an asymptotic estimate for partial products of the
Weierstrass -function.
Lemma 3.4. Given R 10, we define = R = (Z + iZ ) D(R2 ),
Y
z
1
PR (z) = z
\{0}
15
Then uniformly in R
2
|PR (z)| dist(z, )e(/2)|z| ,

|z| R,
e|z|2 (/2)R2
|PR (z)| c dist(z, )
,
|z| > R.
R2
(3.18)
(3.19)
Proof. For every denote

Q = {w C : | Re (w )| < 1/2, | Im (w )| < 1/2}.
Set
Q=
Q .
If z Q, then we denote by 0 the element of such that z Q0 .

For \ {0} we define
Z

z
z

log1 dm2 (w) log1
B =
w
Q
Z h

+ w i

z + w
=
log
log
dm2 (w).
z
Q0
We use that
2

log |1 + a| Re (a a ) = O(|a|3 ),
a 0.
2
Since
Z
Z
w dm2 (w) = 0,
w2 dm2 (w) = 0,
Q0
Q0
we conclude that
h 1
1 i
|B | c
+
,
\ {0, 0 }.
||3 |z |3
Furthermore, we define
Z

z

B0 =
log1 dm2 (w) log |z|
w
Q
Z h 0

w i
1

=
log
+ log1 dm2 (w).
|w|
z
Q0
If 0 6= 0, then |B0 | c for an absolute constant c. Similarly, in this
case,
Z h

w i

B0 + log |z 0 | =
log |w + (0 z)| log1 + dm2 (w),
0
Q0

and, hence, B0 + log |z 0 | c for an absolute constant c. In the
same way, if 0 = 0, then B0 + log |z| c for an absolute constant c.
16
Therefore,
Z

z
|PR (z)|
log1 dm2 (w) log

= O(1), |z| < R + 1,
w
dist(z, )
Q
Z
(3.20)

z

2
log1 dm2 (w) log |PR (z)| = O(1), |z| R + 1.
w
Q
Next we use the identity
Z
Z min(|z|,R2 +1)

z
|z|
2

log1 dm2 (w) = 4
log
s ds
D(R2 +1)
w
s
0
z
(

(R2 + 1)2 + 2(R2 + 1)2 log 2
, |z| R2 + 1,
R +1
=
|z|2 , |z| < R2 + 1,
(3.21)
and the estimates

Z

z

dm
(w)
1
log

2

w
2
D(R +1)\Q
Z

Z
z 2

z

Re dm2 (w) + c
dm2 (w)
w
D(R2 +1)\Q w
D(R2 +1)\Q
c|z|2
,
R2
|z| R3/2 , (3.22)
and
Z

z

log1 dm2 (w)
w
D(R2 +1)\Q

2
m2 D(R + 1) \ Q log (R2 + 1)(|z| + (R2 + 1)) , z C , (3.23)
for an absolute constant c. Now, (3.18) follows from (3.20)(3.22);

(3.19) follows from (3.20)(3.23).

Proposition 3.5. Given R 100, there exists (R) > 0 such that
for every z D with |z| 1 (R), there exists a function g = gz,R
analytic in D such that uniformly in z, R we have
2
|g(w)|eh(w) e|zw| /[4(z) ] ,

w D D(z, R(z)),
(3.24)
h R2 (z)2 iR2 /4
|g(w)|eh(w) c(h)
,
w D \ D(z, R(z)). (3.25)
e|z w|2
Proof. Without loss of generality we may assume
z (0, 1). By
that
2im/Nk
Proposition 3.1, we find {rk }, {Nk }, {sk }, = sk e
, and f
17
Ah (D ) such that z = sk for some k, Z(f ) = , and

|f (w)| eh(w)
dist(w, )
,
(w)
w D.
(3.26)
We define = R/2 (see Lemma 3.4), and denote

a,b = sk+a e2ib/Nk+a ,
a + bi .
Then

a,b 0,0

max a + bi
(k),
a+bi
2(z)
with (k) 0 as k . Denote
Q(w) =
wz
(z)
w
a,b
a+bi\{0}
z a,b
and put g = f /Q. Now, estimates (3.24) and (3.25) follow for fixed
R when k is sufficiently large, and correspondingly, (k) is sufficiently
small.
Indeed, by (3.26), for u = geh we have
Y z a,b
(z)
dist(w, )
|u(w)|

.
(w)
|w z|
w a,b
a+bi\{0}
If w = z +
2(z)w0 , then
dist(w, ) 1
|u(w)|
0
(w)
|w |
a+bi\{0}
(z a,b )/( 2(z))
.
w0 + (z a,b )/( 2(z))
For small (k) and for dist(w0 , ) > 1/10 we have

Y
dist(w, ) 1
a + bi
dist(w, )

.
0
|u(w)|
0
=
(w)
|w |
w (a + bi)
(w)|PR/2 (w0 )|
a+bi\{0}
Now, for z sufficiently close to 1, by Lemma 3.4 and by the maximum

principle, we have
h
i
dist(w0 , )
exp |w0 |2
|u(w)|
2
PR/2 (w0 )
h |z w|2 i
= exp
,
4(z)2
R
|w0 | ,
2
18
and
h R2 i(/2)(R2 /(2))
dist(w0 , )
c1
|u(w)| c
2e|w0 |2
PR/2 (w0 )
h R2 (z)2 iR2 /4
,
= c1
e|z w|2
R
|w0 | > .
2
Proposition 3.6. Given R 100, there exists (R) > 0 such that
for every z D with |z| 1 (R), there exists a function g = gz,R
analytic in D such that uniformly in z, R we have
2
|g(w)|eh(w) e|zw| /[4(z) ] ,

w D D(z, R(z)),
h R2 min[(z), (w)]2 iR2 /4
|g(w)|eh(w) c(h)
, w D \ D(z, R(z)).
e|z w|2
Proof. We use the argument from the above proof, and just replace
Proposition 3.1 by Lemma 3.2. Furthermore, we use the argument
from the proof of Lemma 3.3.

4. d -separated sets
Here we establish several elementary properties of d -separated sets,
sets of sampling, and sets of interpolation.
Lemma 4.1. Let 0 < R < , let z be sufficiently close to the unit
circle, (R) < |z| < 1, and let f be bounded and analytic in D =
D(z, R(z)). Then

(i) |f (z1 )|eh(z1 ) |f (z2 )|eh(z2 ) c(R, h) d (z1 , z2 ) max |f eh |,
D
z1 , z2 D(z, R(z)/2),
(ii)
h(z)
|f (z)|e
c(R, h)
(z)2
|f (w)|eh(w) dm2 (w).
Proof. We may assume that () (z), D. We suppose that

maxD |f eh | = 1 and define
H(w) = h(z + wR(z)),
Then
H(w) =
R2 (z)2
R2 ,
(z + wR(z))2
|w| 1.
|w| 1.
19
Set
zw

log
|w| 1.
H(z) dm2 (z),
1 zw
D
Then |G(w)| + |G(w)| c, w 1, for some c depending only on h
1 the
and R, and H1 = H G is real and harmonic in D . Denote by H
harmonic conjugate of H1 , and consider
Z
G(w) =
F (w) = f (z + wR(z))eH1 (w)iH1 (w) .

Then F is analytic and bounded in D , and hence,
|F (w1 ) F (w2 )| c|w1 w2 |,
w1 , w2 D(1/2).
Since
|F (w)| = |f (z + wR(z))|eh(z+wR(z)) eG(w) ,
we obtain assertion (i). Assertion (ii) follows by the mean value property for F .

Corollary 4.2. Every set of sampling for Ah (D ) contains a d -separated set of sampling for Ah (D ).
Corollary 4.3. Every set of interpolation for Ah (D ) is d -separated.
Corollary 4.4. Every set of interpolation for Aph (D ), 1 p < , is
d -separated.
Lemma 4.5. For every > 0, 1 p < , we have Aph (D )
A(1+)h (D ).
Proof. By (2.1) and (3.7),
1

|0 (r)|
=o
= o h0 (r) ,
(r)
(r)
r 1,
and hence,
eh(z) (z)2 ,
|z| 1.
(4.1)
Applying Holders inequality and Lemma 4.1 (ii) with R = 1, we obtain

our assertion:
Z
c eh(z)
(1+)h(z)
|f (z)|e
|f (z)|eh(z) dm2 (z)

2
(z)
D(z,(z))
1/p
h(z) Z
ce
p ph(z)
|f (z)| e
dm2 (z)
c,
z D.
(z)2/p
D(z,(z))
20
Lemma 4.6. Let be a d -separated (with constant ) subset of D .

If R > 0, (R, ) = {w : minz d (w, z) R}, and if f is analytic in
(R, ), then
Z
p
|f (w)|p eph(w) dm2 (w).
kf kp,h, c(, R, h, p)
(R,)
Proof. The assertion follows from Lemma 4.1 (ii).
Lemma 4.7. Let D . Then

kf kpp,h, c()kf kpp,h ,
f Aph (D ),
(4.2)
if and only if is a finite union of d -separated subsets.

Proof. For every z D with |z| close to 1, we apply Lemma 3.3 to
obtain the function f = gz such that
|f (w)|eh(w) 1,
|w z| < (z),
|f (w)|eh(w) c(h)
(z)3
,
|z w|3
w D.
(4.3)
(4.4)
By (4.3),
kf kpp,h,
|f (w)|p eph(w) (w)2
wD(z,(z))

c Card D(z, (z)) (z)2 . (4.5)
Furthermore, by (4.3)(4.4),
Z
|f (w)|p eph(w) dm2 (w) (z)2 ,
|wz|<(z)
Z
|f (w)|p eph(w) dm2 (w) c(h)(z)2 ,
and hence, f
|wz|(z)
Aph (D )
and
kf kpp,h 2 (z).
(4.6)
Now, (4.2), (4.5), and (4.6) imply that

sup Card D(z, (z)) < ,
zD
and hence, is a finite union of d -separated subsets.

In the opposite direction, if is d -separated, then (4.2) follows from
Lemma 4.6.

Lemma 4.8. Every set of sampling for Aph (D ) contains a d -separated
set of sampling for Aph (D ).
21
Proof. Let be a set of sampling for Aph (D ). For every > 0 we can
find a d -separated subset of such that
sup min d (z, w) .
w z
Suppose that there exists f Aph (D ) such that

kf k2,h 1,
kf kp,h, 1,
kf kp,h, .
By Lemma 4.7, for some N, K independent of , both and are

unions of N subsets d -separated with constant K. Without loss of
regularity we can assume that |z| + (z) < 1, z . For every zk
we choose wk D(zk , (zk )) such that
2|f (wk )|p eph(wk ) upk =
|f |p eph .
sup
D(zk ,(zk ))
Then the sequence {wk } is the union of c(N, K) subsets d -separated

with constant c1 (N, K). By Lemma 4.6,
X p
uk (zk )2 Ckf kpp,h ,
zk
with C independent of . Furthermore, by Lemma 4.1 (i), for every k

and for every w D(zk , (zk )),

|f (w)|eh(w) |f (zk )|eh(zk ) Cuk .
Therefore,
kf kpp,h, =
|f (w)|p eph(w) (w)2

|f (zk )|p eph(zk ) + p upk (zk )2
zk
c(kf kpp,h, + p kf kpp,h ) Cp ,

with C independent of . This contradiction implies our assertion.
5. Asymptotic densities
Given a set D such that D (, D ) < , we denote
q (R) = lim inf
|z|1, zD
Card (z, R)
,
R2
0 < R < ,
where
(z, R) = D(z, R(z)).
In this section we study the behavior of the function q and obtain
a Beurling type result (Lemma 5.3).
We use the following
22
Lemma 5.1.
(i) If R > 0, and 0 < < (R), then for R00
0
R (R, ), and for z D such that |z| 1 (R00 ) we have
Card (z, R00 )
q (R) ;
R002
(ii) if > 0, R > 0, R00 R0 (R, ), |z| 2 (R00 ),

Card (w, R)
E = w D(z, R00 (z)/2) :
q (R) + ,
2
R
and
m2 E m2 D(z, R00 (z)/2),
then
Card (z, R00 )
2
.
q
(R)
+
R002
5
Proof. By (2.2),
max00
wD(z,R

(z)

= o(1),
log
(z))
(w)
|z| 1,
and hence, for small , for fixed R00 , and for |z| close to 1 we have

Card D(w, (R + 3 )(z)) Card (w, R)
(q (R) 3 )R2 ,
w D(z, R00 (z)). (5.1)
In the same way,

E E 0 = w D(z, R00 (z)/2) :

Card D(w, (R + 3 )(z)) (q (R) + )R2 . (5.2)
We use that by the Fubini theorem, for 0 < r1 < r2 and for F
D(r2 r1 ),
Z
1
Card F = 2
Card(F D(w, r1 )) dm2 (w).
(5.3)
r1 D(r2 )
(i) By (5.3),
Card (z, R00 )
R002
Z

Card D(w, (R + 3 )(z))
dm2 (w). (5.4)
(R + 3 )2 (z)2 R002
D(z,(R00 R3 )(z))
23
Therefore, by (5.1), for |z| close to 1,

Card (z, R00 )
R002
R00 R 3 2 R 2
q (R) ,
(q (R) 3 )
R00
R + 3
for < (R), R00 R0 (R, ).
(ii) By (5.1)(5.2), for small > 0, fixed R00 and |z| close to 1 we
have

Z
Card D(w, (R + 3 )(z))
dm2 (w)
(R + 3 )2 (z)2 R002
D(z,(R00 R3 )(z))
Z
Z
=
... +
E0
2
D(z,(R00 R3 )(z))\E 0
0
R m2 E
(q (R) + )
(R + 3 )2 (z)2 R002

R2 ((R00 R 3 )2 (z)2 m2 E 0 )
3
+
q
(R)
(R + 3 )2 (z)2 R002
If m2 E 0 m2 D(z, R00 (z)/2), then by (5.4) we obtain

Card (z, R00 )
R002
Z

Card D(w, (R + 3 )(z))
dm2 (w)
(R + 3 )2 (z)2 R002
D(z,(R00 R3 )(z))
R 2 h R00 R 3 2
i
3
3
(
+
)
(q
(R)
)
+
R + 3
R00
4
q (R) +
for = (), R00 R0 (R, ), |z| 2 (R00 ).
2
5
By Lemma 5.1(i), for every R0 and such that 0 < < (R0 ), we
have
D (, D ) = lim inf q (R) q (R0 ) .
R
Therefore, we obtain
Corollary 5.2.
lim q (R) = D (, D ),
(5.5)
and
q (R) D (, D ),
R > 0.
(5.6)
24
Given closed subsets A and B of C , the Frechet distance [A, B] is

the smallest t > 0 such that A B + tD , B A + tD . A sequence
{An }, An C , converges weakly to A C if for every R > 0,

(An D(R)) RT , (A D(R)) RT 0,
n .
In this case we use the notation An * A. Given any sequence {An },
An C , we can choose a weakly convergent subsequence {Ank }.
Lemma 5.3. If D , and D (, D ) 21 , then there exists a sequence of points zj D , |zj | 1, a sequence Rj , j , and a
subset 0 of C such that
# (zj , Rj ) * 0 ,
lim inf
R
j ,
(5.7)
Card(0 D(R))
1
,
2
R
2
(5.8)
where

# (z, R) = w C : z + w(z) (z, R)

= w D(R) : z + w(z) .
P
Proof. Choose a sequence of positive numbers k ,
k1 k 1, set
k
rk = 2 , k 1, and apply Lemma 5.1(ii) to find 1 > 0, 0 < 1 < 1, R1
such that for 1 |w| < 1, if
Card (w, R1 )
q (R1 ) + 1 ,
R12
then there exists z = z1 (w) D(w, R1 (w)/2) such that
Card (z, r1 )
q (r1 ) + 1 .
r12
Applying Lemma 5.1(ii) repeatedly, we find m 0, m 1, Rm
, m , such that for m 1, m |w| < 1, if
Card (w, Rm )
q (Rm ) + m ,
2
Rm
then there exists z = zm (w) D(w, Rm (w)/2), such that
Card (z, rk )
q (rk ) + k ,
rk2
1 k m.
Next, by the definition of q (Rm ), we can find wm D , m |wm | < 1,

such that
Card (wm , Rm )
q (Rm ) + m ,
2
Rm
25
and define zm = zm (wm ). We obtain

lim sup
m
Card((zm , rk ))
1
D (, D ) ,
2
rk
2
k 1.
(5.9)
Finally, we choose a sequence {mk } and a set 0 C such that

# (zmk , rmk ) * 0 ,
mk .
The property (5.8) follows from (5.9).
Analogously, we have
Lemma 5.4. If D , and D+ (, D ) 21 , then there exists a sequence of points zj D , |zj | 1, a sequence Rj , j , and a
subset 0 of C such that
# (zj , Rj ) * 0 ,
lim sup
R
j ,
(5.10)
Card(0 D(R))
1
.
2
R
2
(5.11)
6. Sampling theorems
We set (z) = |z|2 /4.
Proof of Theorem 2.1. By Corollary 4.2, every sampling set for Ah (D )
contains a d -separated subset which is also a sampling set for Ah (D ).
(A) Suppose that is d -separated, and D (, D ) 12 . We follow
the scheme proposed in [16]. We apply Lemma 5.3 to obtain zj , Rj ,
and 0 satisfying (5.7)(5.8). Fix > 0. By the theorem of Seip on
sampling in Fock type spaces [20, Theorem 2.3], there exists f A (C )
such that
kf k = 1,
kf k,0 .
3/2
For K > 1 we set fK (z) = f ((1 K
)z). Then
3/2 2
) (z)
|fK (z)|e(z) |fK (z)|e(1K

3/2 )2 (z)

|f (z)|e(z) + |f (z)|e(z) |f ((1 K 3/2 )z)|e(1K
= |f (z)|e(z) + o(1),
|z| K,
K ,
where in the last relation we use [20, Lemma 3.1] (for a similar estimate
see Lemma 4.1 (i)). Furthermore,
|fK (z)|e(z) = o(1),
|z| > K,
K .
Therefore, for sufficiently large K we get

kfK k 1,
kfK k,0 2.
26
We fix such K and for N 0 set

X
TN fK (z) =
cn z n ,
0nN
where
fK (z) =
cn z n .
n0
As in [16, page 169], by the Cauchy formula,

|cn | c inf
r
exp[(1 K 3/2 )2 r2 /4]

,
rn
and hence,
X
3/2 )2 1]|z|2 /4
|cn z n |e(z) c(1 + |z|)4 e[(1K
,
z C.
(6.1)
n0
Therefore, for sufficiently large N we have

kTN fK k 1,
kTN fK k,0 3.
We fix such N , set P = TN fK , and choose a C such that

|P (a)|e(a) 1.
By (5.7), we can find large R > |a| and z close to the unit circle such
that
|P (w)| |w|R ,
|w| R,
kP k,# (z,R) 4.
We set z = z + a(z), apply Proposition 3.5 to get g = gz,R , and define
w z
f (w) = g(w)P
.
(z)
Then f Ah (D ),
|f (z )|eh(z ) |g(z )|eh(z ) |P (a)| e|a|

|f (w)|eh(w) e|wz|
h(w)
|f (w)|e
2 /(4(z)2 )
4e|wz|
2 /(4(z)2 )
2 /4
e(a) = 1,
= 4,
w (z, R),
h R2 (z)2 iR2 /4 h |z w| iR
c
e|z w|2
(z)
c,
w D \ D(z, R(z)),
with c independent of , R. Since can be chosen arbitrarily small,

this shows that is not a sampling set for Ah (D ).
(B) Now we assume that is a d -separated subset of D , D (, D ) >
1
, and is not a sampling set for Ah (D ). Then there exist functions
2
fn Ah (D ) such that kfn kh = 1 and kfn kh, 0, n . By
27
the normal function argument, either (B1) fn tend to 0 uniformly on

compact subsets of the unit disc or (B2) there exists a subsequence fnk
converging uniformly
on compact subsets of the unit disc to f Ah (D ),

f 6= 0, with f = 0.
In case (B1), using Proposition 3.5 we can find zn D , Rn ,
n , such that the functions
Fn (w) =
f (zn + w(zn ))
gzn ,Rn (zn + w(zn ))
satisfy the conditions:

|Fn (0)| 1,
|Fn (w)| e|w|
sup
2 /4
|Fn | 0,
|w| Rn ,
n .
# (zn ,Rn )
By Corollary 5.2, we can find q, 21 < q < D (, D ), and 0 < C < Rn0 <
Rn , Rn0 as n , such that
Card # (zn , r) qr2 ,
C r Rn0 .
Again by the normal function argument, we can choose a sequence

nk , k , such that Fnk converge uniformly on compact subsets
of C to F A (C ), and (znk , Rnk ) * such that
F (0) 6= 0,

F = 0,
Card( clos D(r)) qr2 ,
r C.
To get the last inequality we use that is d -separated.

However, by Jensens inequality,
Z 2
X
1
r
< log |F (0)|
log |F (rei )|d
log
2 0
|wk |
wk D(r)
Z r
Z r
r2
r
r2
n(s)
log dn(s) =
ds
4
s
4
s
0
0
r2 qr2
+ O(1) ,
r ,
4
2
where n(r) = Card( clos D(r)). This contradiction implies our
assertion in case (B1).
28
In case (B2), without loss of generality we can assume that 0 6 ,

f (0) 6= 0. By Jensens inequality,
Z 2
X
1
r
< log |f (0)|
log |f (rei )|d
log
. (6.2)
2 0
|wk |
wk D(r)
Furthermore, we choose > 0 and large R > R(). Then

X
r
log
|wk |
wk D(r)
Z
X
r
1
=
log
dm2 (w)
|wk | R2 (wk )2 D(wk ,R(wk ))
wk D(r)
Z
1
r
O(1) + (1 )
log
2
2
|w|
D(rR2 (r)) R (w)

Card wk : w D(wk , R(wk )) dm2 (w)
Z
(1 )2 q (R )
r
1
O(1) +
log
dm2 (w)
2
|w|
D(rR2 (r)) (w)
= O(1) +
(1 )2 q (R )
2h(r),
r 1,
that contradicts to (6.2) for small > 0 and R > R(). This proves
our assertion.

Proof of Theorem 2.2. By Lemmas 4.7 and 4.8, every sampling set for
Aph (D ) is a finite union of d -separated subsets and contains a d separated subset which is also a sampling set for Aph (D ).
(A) Suppose that is a d -separated subset of the unit disc and
D (, D ) 12 . As in part (A) of the proof of Theorem 2.1, we apply

Lemma 5.3 to obtain zj , Rj , and 0 satisfying (5.7)(5.8). Furthermore,
0 is uniformly separated, that is
inf{|z1 z2 | : z1 , z2 0 , z1 6= z2 } > 0.
Then, by a version of a result of Seip [20, Lemma 7.1] (see also Lemma 4.7),
X
ep(z) |g(z)|p ckgkpp, ,
g Ap (C ).
(6.3)
z0
Fix > 0. By the theorem of Seip on sampling in Fock spaces [20,

Theorem 2.1], there exists f Ap (C ) such that
kf kp, = 1,
kf kp,,0 .
29
We approximate f by a polynomial P in the norm of Ap (C ) and obtain,

using (6.3), that
1 kP kp, 1 + ,
kP kp,,0 2.
For some M > 0 we have

Z
1
|P (z)|p ep(z) dm2 (z) .
2
D(M )
(6.4)
By (5.7), we can find large R > M and z close to the unit circle such
that
|P (w)| |w|R ,
|w| R.
(6.5)
kP kp,,# (z,R) 3,
(6.6)
We apply Proposition 3.5 to get g = gz,R , and define

g(w) w z
f (w) =
P
.
(z)2/p
(z)
Then, by (3.24) and (6.4),
Z
p
kf kp,h
|f (w)|p eph(w) dm2 (w)
|wz|R(z)
Z
1 w z p p|wz|2 /[4(z)2 ]
dm2 (w)

P
e
2
(z)
|wz|R(z) (z)
Z
1
2
=
|P (w)|p ep|w| /4 dm2 (w) . (6.7)
2
D(R)
On the other hand,
X
kf kpp,h, =
|f (w)|p eph(w) (w)2 =
w
... +
w(z,R)
... .
w\(z,R)
By (3.24) and (6.6),

w z p
(w)2

p ph(w)
|g(w)|
e
P

(z)2
(z)
w(z,R)
X
c
X
ep|w|
2 /4
|P (w)|p Cp .
w# (z,R)
Since is d -separated, by Lemma 4.6 we have

Z
X
p ph(w)
2
|f (w)| e
(w) c
|f (w)|p eph(w) dm2 (w).
w\(z,R)
D \D(z,(R1)(z))
30
Furthermore, by (3.24), (3.25), and (6.5),

Z
w z p
1

p ph(w)
|g(w)| e
P
dm2 (w)
2
(z)
D \D(z,(R1)(z)) (z)
Z
1 h |w z| ipR h R2 (z)2 ipR2 /4
p
c
dm2 (w)
2
(z)
e|w z|2
D \D(z,R(z)) (z)
Z
1
2
2
p
+c
RpR ep|wz| /[4(z) ] dm2 (w)
2
D(z,R(z))\D(z,(R1)(z)) (z)
Z
h R2 ipR2 /4
p
= c
|w|pR
dm2 (w)
e|w|2
|w|>R
Z
2
p
RpR ep|w| /4 dm2 (w) cp ,
+c
R1<|w|<R
with c independent of R. This together with (6.7) shows that is not

a sampling set for Aph (D ).
(B) Now we assume that is a d -separated subset of D , D (, D ) >
1
. Then, by Theorem 2.1, we can fix small > 0 such that is a
2
sampling set for A(1+)h (D ). Following the method of [7, Section 6],
we are going to prove that is a sampling set for Aph (D ).
We set

A(1+)h,0 (D ) = F Hol (D ) : lim F (z)e(1+)h(z) = 0 ,
|z|1

R : F A(1+)h,0 (D ) 7 F (zk )e(1+)h(zk ) z c0 .
k
Since is a sampling set for A(1+)h (D ), R is an invertible linear

operator onto a closed subspace V of the space c0 . Therefore, linear
functionals Ez : v V 7 (R1 v)(z)e(1+)h(z) , kEz k 1, z D , (see
also Lemma 3.2) extend to linear functionals on c0 bounded uniformly
in z. Thus, for every z D , there exist bk (z), k 1, such that
X
|bk (z)| C,
(6.8)
k1
with C independent of z, and

F (z)e(1+)h(z) =
bk (z)F (zk )e(1+)h(zk ) .
(6.9)
k1
Let f Aph (D ). By Lemma 4.5, f A(1+)h,0 (D ). For every z D ,

we use Lemma 3.3 (with h replaced by h) to get gz satisfying (3.16)
(3.17) (with replaced by 1/2 ). Now, we apply (6.9) to F = f gz .
31
By (3.16) we obtain
|f (z)|eh(z) C
|bk (z)||f (zk )|eh(zk ) |gz (zk )|eh(zk ) .
k1
By (6.8),
|f (z)|p eph(z) C
|f (zk )|p eph(zk ) |gz (zk )|p eph(zk )
k1
and hence,
kf kpp,h
p ph(zk )
|f (zk )| e
|gz (zk )|p eph(zk ) dm2 (z).
k1
It remains to note that by (3.17),

Z
|gz (zk )|p eph(zk ) dm2 (z)
D
Z
h
(zk )3p i
dm2 (z) C()(zk )2 .
c()
min 1,
3p
|z
z
|
k
D
Then kf kp,h Ckf kp,h, , and using Lemma 4.7, we conclude that is
a sampling set for Aph (D ).

7. Interpolation theorems
Proof of Theorem 2.3. Corollary 4.3 claims that every interpolation set
for Ah (D ) is d -separated.
(A) Let be a d -separated subset of D , and let D+ (, D ) 21 .
Suppose that is an interpolation set for Ah (D ). We apply Lemma 5.4
to obtain zj , Rj , and 0 = {zk0 }k1 satisfying (5.10), (5.11). Suppose
that ak C satisfy the estimate
0
|ak |e(zk ) 1.
By (5.10), we can choose a subsequence {zj0 } of {zj } and Rj0
satisfying the following properties: (zj0 , Rj0 ) are disjoint,
Bj = Card (zj0 , Rj0 ) = Card[0 D(Rj0 )],
and we can enumerate (zj0 , Rj0 ) = {wjk }1kBj in such a way that

wjk zj0

max zk0
j .
(7.1)
0,
1kBj
(zj0 )
Without loss of generality, we can assume that |zj0 | > 1 (Rj0 ). Therefore, by Proposition 3.5, there exist gj = gzj0 ,Rj0 satisfying (3.24) and
(3.25).
32
For j 1 we consider the following interpolation problem:

(
ak gj (wjk ), w = wjk (zj0 , Rj0 ),
fj (w) =
0,
w \ (zj0 , Rj0 ).
(7.2)
By our assumption on , we can find fj Ah (D ) satisfying (7.2). Then

the functions
fj (zj0 + w(zj0 ))
Fj (w) =
gj (zj0 + w(zj0 ))
satisfy the properties
wjk z 0
j
Fj
= ak ,
0
(zj )
|Fj (w)| ce(w) ,
1 k Bj ,
|w| Rj0 .
By a normal families argument and by (7.1), we conclude that there

exists an entire function F A (C ) such that
F (zk0 ) = ak ,
k 1.
Thus, 0 is a set of interpolation for A (C ). However, by the theorem

of Seip on interpolation in the Fock type spaces [20, Theorem 2.4], this
is impossible for 0 satisfying (5.11). This contradiction proves our
assertion.
(B) Now we assume that is a d -separated subset of D , D+ (, D ) <
1
. First of all, if is an interpolation set for Ah (D ), and D \ ,
2
then {} is also an interpolation set for Ah (D ). (Later on, to deal
with the plane case, we add to an infinite sequence in such a way
that the modified satisfies the same conditions, and then use that
if is an interpolation set for Ah (C ), and C \ , , then
{} \ {} is also an interpolation set for Ah (C ).)
For every sufficiently large R, R R0 , we can find 1 (R) < 1 such
that the family of sets # (z, R), z \ D(1 (R)), R R0 , satisfies
the uniform estimates

Card D(w, r) # (z, R)
1
sup
< ,
r2
2
wC , rR0
(7.3)
inf
|w1 w2 | > 0.
#
w1 6=w2 , w1 ,w2 (z,R)
Therefore, by (a variant of) the theorem of Seip-Wallsten on interpolation in the Fock type spaces [20, Theorem 2.4], [24, Theorem 1.2], for
some c < , > 0, and for every R R0 , z \ D(1 (R)), there
33
exists Fz,R A(1) (C ), such that
#

Fz,R (z, R) \ {0} = 0,
kFz,R k(1) c.
Fz,R (0) = 1,
(7.4)
To continue, we need a simple estimate similar to (6.1).

P
Lemma 7.1. If F (z) = n0 cn z n , |F (z)| exp |z|2 , z C , N Z + ,
and
X
(TN F )(z) =
cn z n ,
0nN
then
p
N/(4e),
p
p
|(TN F )(z)| (N + 1) exp |z|2 ,
N/(4e) < |z| N/2,
p
|(TN F )(z)| (N + 1)|z|N (2e/N )N/2 ,
|z| > N/2.
|(F TN F )(z)| 2(N 3)/2 ,
|z|
Proof. By the Cauchy formula, we have

h n

ni
|cn | inf rn exp r2 = exp log
,
r>0
2
2e
and hence,
X
|cn |r
n>N
4e n/2
2(N 3)/2 ,
2e N
X n
n>N
and
X
p
N/(4e),
h n
i
n
|cn |rn (N + 1) max exp log
+ n log r ,
0nN
2
2e
0nN
r 0.
Furthermore,
n
n
log
+ n log r r2 ,
2
2e
r 0,
and
n
n
N
N
log
+ n log r N log r log ,
2
2e
2
2e
N/2, 0 n N.
34
Corollary 7.2. If > 0, F A(1)

p (C ), kF k(1) 1, N Z + ,
TN F is defined as above, and R = 2N/(1 ) is sufficiently large,
R > R(), then for some c = c() > 0 independent of z, R we have
|(F TN F )(z)|e|z|
2 /4
ecR ,
|z|2 /4
|z| R,
c|z|2
|(TN F )(z)|e
2e
,
|z| R,
e|z|2 R2 /4 e|z|2 R2 /5
|(TN F )(z)|
,
|z| > R.
R2
R2
p
For large N we set R = 2N/(1 ), and for z sufficiently
close to the unit circle, define, using gz,R from Proposition 3.6 and Fz,R
from (7.4),
w z
Uz (w) = gz,R (w) (TN Fz,R )
.
(7.5)
(z)
If = {zn }n1 , an C , n 1, and
sup |an |eh(zn ) 1,
(7.6)
n1
then for |zn | = max((R), 1 (R)) ((R) is introduced in Proposition 3.6) we put
an Uzn
Vn =
.
(7.7)
Uzn (zn )
Then
Vn (zn ) = an ,
(7.8)
and by the estimates in Proposition 3.6 and in Corollary 7.2 we obtain
for |zn | that
2
|Vn (zk )|eh(zk ) c0 ecR ,

|Vn (z)|eh(z) c0 ec|zzn
|Vn (z)|eh(z) c0
|zk zn | R(zn ),
|2 /[(z
)2 ]
k 6= n,
|z zn | R(zn ),
(7.9)
(7.10)
R2 min[(z ), (z)]2 R2 /5

n
,
e|z zn |2
|z zn | > R(zn ), (7.11)
for some c0 independent of zn , z, R.

For R > 1 we define
R2 min[(z ), (z)]2 R2 /5
X
n
.
AR (z) =
e|z zn |2
zn , |zzn |>R(zn )
Suppose that for every > 0, we can find arbitrarily large R such that
sup AR .
D
(7.12)
35
Then for 0 < < 1/(2c0 ), for sufficiently large R, and for
= max((R), 1 (R)) we can define
X
f1 =
Vn ,
zn \D()
and obtain that for some B independent of {an } satisfying (7.6),

kf1 kh B,
(7.13)
1
|f1 (zn ) an |eh(zn ) .
2
zn \D()
(7.14)
sup
Indeed, by (7.10), (7.11), and (7.12), for z D we have

|f1 (z)|eh(z)
X
|Vn (z)|eh(z) +
zn \D(), |zzn |R(zn )
|Vn (z)|eh(z)
zn \D(), |zzn |>R(zn )
c + c0 .
By (7.8), (7.9), (7.11), and (7.12), for zk \ D() we have
|f1 (zk ) ak |eh(z)
X
|Vn (z)|eh(z) +
|zk zn |R(zn ), k6=n
|Vn (z)|eh(z)
zn \D(), |zk zn |>R(zn )

2
cR2 ecR + c0
1
2
for sufficiently large R. We fix such , R, .

Iterating the approximation construction and using (7.13) and (7.14),
we obtain f2 Ah (D ) such that
kf2 kh B/2,
1
|f2 (zn ) + f1 (zn ) an |eh(zn ) .
4
zn \D()
P
Continuing this process, we arrive at f = n1 fn such that
sup
kf kh 2B,
f (zn ) = an ,
zn \ D().
Thus, \ D() is a set of interpolation for Ah (D ), and hence, is a

set of interpolation for Ah (D ).
36
It remains to estimate AR for large R. Since is d -separated, using

(2.2) we obtain
R2 min[(z ), (z)]2 R2 /5
X
n
e|z zn |2
zn , |zzn |>R(zn )
Z
R2 min[(w), (z)]2 R2 /5 dm (w)
2
C(, h)
2
2
e|z
w|
(w)
D \D(z,R(z))
Z
1 R2 /5
2
R
dm2 () = o(1),
R ,
(7.15)
2
||>1 e||
p
because for any z, w D , R 5/,
min[(w), (z)] 2R2 /5 (z) 2
1.
(z)
(w)
This completes the proof of our assertion.

Proof of Theorem 2.4. By Corollary 4.4, every set of interpolation for
Aph (D ) is d -separated.
(A) The argument is analogous to that in the part (A) of the proof
of Theorem 2.3. We just use [20, Theorem 2.2] instead of [20, Theorem 2.4].
(B) Now we assume that is a d -separated subset of D , D+ (, D ) <
1
. As in the part (B) of the proof of Theorem 2.3 we find c < , > 0,
2
and R0 > 1, such that for R R0 , z \ D(1 (R)), the sets # (z, R)
satisfy (7.3), and there exist Fz,R Ap(12) (C ), such that
Fz,R (0) = 1,
#
Fz,R (z, R) \ {0} = 0,
(7.16)
kFz,R kp,(12) c.
Instead of Lemma 7.1 and Corollary 7.2 we use
Lemma P
7.3. If F Ap,(12) (C ), kF kp,(12) 1, if
n
F (z) =
n0 cn z , TN F is defined as in Lemma 7.1, and if R =
p
2N/(1 ) is sufficiently large, R > R(), then for some c = c() >
0 independent of z, R we have
2
|(F TN F )(z)|e|z| /4 ecR ,

|z| R,
e|z|2 R2 /4 e|z|2 R2 /5
,
|z| > R,
|(TN F )(z)|
2
R2
ZR
2
|(TN F )(z)|p ep|z| /4 dm2 (z) 1.
D(R)
(7.17)
(7.18)
(7.19)
37
Proof. We just use Lemma 4.5 and Corollary 7.2 to deduce (7.17)
(7.18). Inequality (7.19) is evident.

Next, we define Uz as in (7.5) using Fz,R from (7.16). If = {zn }n1 ,
an C , n 1, and
X
|an |p eph(zn ) (zn )2 1,
(7.20)
n1
then for |zn | = max((R), 1 (R)) ((R) is introduced in Proposition 3.6) we define Vn by (7.7). Set n = |an |eh(zn ) . As above, we
obtain
Vn (zn ) = an ,
2
|Vn (zk )|eh(zk ) c1 n ecR ,

|zk zn | R(zn ), k 6= n,
Z
|Vn (z)|p eph(z) dm2 (z) c1 np (zn )2 ,
D(z,R(zn ))
|Vn (z)|eh(z) c1 n
R2 min[(z ), (z)]2 R2 /5

n
, |z zn | > R(zn ),
e|z zn |2
for some c, c1 independent of zn , z, R.

For z, D we set
R2 min[(), (z)]2 R2 /5
W (z, ) =
(1 D(,R()) (z)).
e|z |2
Now, to complete the proof as in part (B) of Theorem 2.3, we need
only to verify that for every > 0 there exists arbitrarily large R such
that
p
X X
n W (zk , zn ) (zk )2 ,
k1
n1
Z X
D
p
n W (z, zn ) dm2 (z) 1.
n1
Furthermore, using (2.2), we can deduce these inequalities from the

inequality
Z X
p
n W (z, zn ) dm2 (z) 1 ,
(7.21)
D
n1
with small 1 . By (7.15), for any small 2 > 0 we can find large R such
that
X
W (z, zn ) 2 ,
z D.
(7.22)
n1
38
An estimate analogous to (7.15) gives us for large R

Z
W (z, zn ) dm2 (z) c(zn )2 .
D
Therefore,
Z X
D
p
n W (z, zn ) dm2 (z)
n1
Z X
D
2p1
X
n1
p1 X

W (z, zn )
np W (z, zn ) dm2 (z)
n1
np
n1
W (z, zn ) dm2 (z) c2p1
np (zn )2 = c2p1 .
n1
This completes the proof of our assertion in the case p > 1. If p = 1,

then (7.21) follows from (7.20) and (7.22).
8. The plane case

The results of Sections 37 easily extend to the plane case. First, we
can approximate h by log |f | for a special infinite product f .
Proposition 8.1. There exist sequences {rk }, {sk }, 0 = r0 < s0 <
r1 < . . . rk < sk < rk+1 < . . . < , and a sequence Nk , k 0, of
natural numbers, such that Nk+1 Nk for large k, and
rk+1 rk
Nk (rk+1 rk )
(i)
lim
= 2,
lim
= 2,
k
k
(rk )
rk
rk+1 sk
1
rk+1 rk
= 1,
lim
= ,
lim
k rk rk1
2
2im/N k rk+1 rk
k
(ii) if = sk e
, and if
k0, 0m<Nk
Y
z
f (z) = lim
1
,
r
rD
then the products in the right hand side converge uniformly on
compact subsets of the plane, and
|f (z)| eh(z)
dist(z, )
,
(z)
z C.
39
The proof in the case (IIC ) is analogous to that of Proposition 3.1

in the case (IID ). We need only to mention that in the estimate (3.14)
we use that
Z y1
Z y1
dx
c2 (rx)/(x) dx
e
c
ec2 (rx)/(x)
(x)
(x)2
0
0
Z y1
dx
c1
c1 .
(r x)2
0
P
In the case (IC ), to estimate
Um ,
m Nm
|,
Um = log |1 sN
m z
0 m < k,
we divide m, 0 m < k, into the groups

St = {m : 2t (r) (sm ) < 2t+1 (r)},
t 0.
Then for some M <

Card St
and
X
eNm (rsm ) c1 ecr
2t/M
2 /(2t (r))
mSt
cr
,
2t (r)
2t/M
r 1,
r
c2 2t/M , t > 0, r 1,
t
2 (r)
for some c, c1 , c2 independent of t > 0, r 1, and

X
X
eNm (rsm )
eckr(r)/(r) c1 ,
mS0
k0
for some c, c1 independent of r 1.

Using Proposition 8.1, we arrive at analogs of Propositions 3.5 and
3.6. For example, we have
Proposition 8.2. Given R 100, there exists (R) < such that for
every z C with |z| (R), there exists a function g = gz,R analytic
in C such that
2
|g(w)|eh(w) e|zw| /[4(z) ] ,

w D(z, R(z)),
h R2 min[(z), (w)]2 iR2 /4
h(w)
, w C \ D(z, R(z)).
|g(w)|e
c(h)
e|z w|2
After that, the arguments in Sections 47 extend to the plane case,
and we obtain Theorems 2.52.8.
40
9. Subspaces of large index

Let X be a Banach space of analytic functions in the unit disc, such
that the operator Mz of multiplication by the independent variable
f 7 zf acts continuously on X. Examples of such spaces are the
Hardy spaces H p and the weighted Bergman spaces Ah (D ), Aph (D ),
1 p < . A closed proper subspace E of X is said to be z-invariant
if Mz E E. The index of a z-invariant subspace E is defined as
ind E = dim E/Mz E.
Every z-invariant subspace of the Hardy space H 2 has index 1. In
1985, C. Apostol, H. Bercovici, C. Foias and C. Pearcy [2] proved
(in a non-constructive way) that every space A2h (D ) has z-invariant
subspaces of index equal to 1, 2, . . . , +. Later on, H. Hedenmalm
[12] and H. Hedenmalm, S. Richter, K. Seip [14] produced concrete
examples of z-invariant subspaces of index bigger than 1 in A20 (D ),
1
Aph (D ), with h (z) = log 1|z|
, 0. These examples are based on
Seips description of sampling sets in Aph (D ).
In this section we give a construction of z-invariant subspaces of
large index in Aph (D ), 1 p < , with h satisfying (ID ) or (IID ) based
on our results above. For other constructions suitable for large classes
of Banach spaces of analytic functions in the unit disc and for other
information on index of z-invariant subspaces see [5], [1], [6].
Given a non-empty subset D , 1 p < , set
I() = {f Aph (D ) : f () = 0, }.
If I() 6= {0}, then I() is a closed z-invariant subspace of Aph (D ),
and ind I() = 1.
Given z-invariant subspaces E , A, denote by A E the
minimal z-invariant subspace containing all E . It is known that if
ind E = 1, A, then
ind A E Card A.
Theorem 9.1. If h satisfies either (ID ) or (IID ), and if 1 p < ,
then there exist subsets d D , 0 d < , such that
ind 0d<u I(d ) = u,
1 u .
Proof. We restrict ourselves by the (most difficult) case u = +, and

>h
use the method proposed in [14]. First, by (4.1), we can find h
41
satisfying the same conditions as h and such that
h(r)
= (1 + o(1))h(r),
r 1,
(r) = (1 + o(1))(r),
r 1,
1
log
= o(h(r)
h(r)),
r 1,
(r)

1/2
where (r) = (h)(r)

, 0 r < 1. Then we apply Proposition 3.1
2im/N
to obtain = sk e
k
, and f Ah (D ) such that
to h
k0, 0m<Nk
f (0) = 1,
|f (z)| eh(z)
dist(z, )
,
(z)
z D,
|f 0 ()|
eh()
,
()
An argument similar to that in the proof of Lemma 4.5 shows that for
every g Aph (D ) we have
lim |g(z)|eh(z) = 0.
(9.1)
|z|1
For g Aph (D ) and for k 1 by the residue calculus we have

Z
X
|g()|
1
|g()|
|g(0)|
+
|d|.
|g(0)| =
0
|f (0)|
|f ()| 2 rk T |f ()|
D(rk )
Passing to the limit k , and using (9.1) and the fact that is
d -separated and hence,
X
()2 c,
we conclude that
X |g()|
|g(0)|
|f 0 ()|
X
1/p X
(p1)/p
c
|g()|p eph() ()2
()2
X
|g()|p eph() ()2
1/p
= ckgkp,h, . (9.2)
We should note here that is neither a sampling set for Aph (D ) nor
that for Ah (D ).
42
Now we set

d = sk e2im/Nk , k = 2d+1 (2v + 1), v 0, 0 m < Nk ,
d = \ d ,
d 0.
It is clear that
1
D+ (, D ) = D (, D ) = ,
2
d1
12
D+ (d , D ) = D (d , D ) =
,
d 0.
2
Using Theorem 2.3, we obtain that I(d ) 6= {0}, d 0. To complete
our proof we apply the following criterion from [14, Theorem 2.1].
Suppose that for every d 0 there exists cd > 0 such that
cd |g(0)| kg + g1 kp,h ,
g I(d ), g1 l0, l6=d I(l ).
(9.3)
Then
ind d0 I(d ) = +.
It remains to verify (9.3). Since is d -separated and d are pairwise
disjoint, by Lemma 4.7 and by (9.2) we obtain
kg + g1 kp,h ckg + g1 kp,h, ckgkp,h,d = ckgkp,h, c1 |g(0)|.
This proves our theorem.

References
[1] E. Abakumov, A. Borichev, Shift invariant subspaces with arbitrary indices in

`p spaces, Journ. of Funct. Anal. 188 (2002), no. 1, 126.
[2] C. Apostol, H. Bercovici, C. Foias, C. Pearcy, Invariant subspaces, dilation
theory, and the structure of the predual of a dual algebra, I, Journ. of Funct.
Anal. 63 (1985), 369404.
[3] B. Berndtsson, J. Ortega-Cerdà, On interpolation and sampling in Hilbert
spaces of analytic functions, J. Reine Angew. Math. 464 (1995) 109128.
[4] A. Beurling, The collected works of Arne Beurling. Vol. 2 Harmonic Analysis, Eds. L. Carleson, P. Malliavin, J. Neuberger and J. Wermer, Birkhauser,
Boston, 1989, pp. 341365.
[5] A. Borichev, Invariant subspaces of given index in Banach spaces of analytic
functions, J. Reine Angew. Math. 505 (1998) 2344.
[6] A. Borichev, H. Hedenmalm, A. Volberg, Large Bergman spaces: invertibility,
cyclicity, and subspaces of arbitrary index, Journ. Funct. Anal. 207 (2004)
111160.
[7] S. Brekke, K. Seip, Density theorems for sampling and interpolation in the
BargmannFock space, III, Mathematica Scand. 73 (1993) 112126.
[8] J. Bruna, Sampling in complex and harmonic analysis, European Congress of
Mathematics, Vol. I (Barcelone, 2000), Progr. Math., 201 (2001) 225246.
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[9] P. Casazza, O. Christensen, A. Lindner, R. Vershynin, Frames and the Feichtinger conjecture, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 133 (2005) no. 4, 10251033.
[10] P. Casazza, M. Fickus, J. Tremain, E. Weber, The Kadison-Singer Problem in
Mathematics and Engineering, Preprint, 2006.
[11] K. Cichon, K. Seip, Weighted holomorphic spaces with trivial closed range
multiplication operators, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131 (2002) 201207.
[12] H. Hedenmalm, An invariant subspace of the Bergman space having the codimension two property, J. Reine Angew. Math. 443 (1993) 19.
[13] H. Hedenmalm, B. Korenblum, K. Zhu, Theory of Bergman spaces, Springer
Verlag, New York, 2000.
[14] H. Hedenmalm, S. Richter, K. Seip, Interpolating sequences and invariant subspaces of given index in the Bergman spaces, J. Reine Angew. Math. 477 (1996)
1330.
[15] Yu. Lyubarskii, E. Malinnikova, On approximation of subharmonic functions,
J. Anal. Math. 83 (2001) 121149.
[16] Yu. Lyubarskii, K. Seip, Sampling and interpolation of entire functions and
exponential systems in convex domains, Ark. Mat. 32 (1994) no. 1, 157193.
[17] Yu. Lyubarskii, M. Sodin, Analogues of sine type functions for convex domains,
Preprint no.17, Inst. Low Temp. Phys. Eng., Ukrainian Acad. Sci., Kharkov,
1986.
[18] N. Marco, X. Massaneda, J. Ortega-Cerdà, Interpolating and sampling sequences for entire functions, Geom. and Funct. Anal. 13 (2003) 862914.
[19] J. Ortega-Cerd`
a, K. Seip, Beurling-type density theorems for weighted Lp
spaces of entire functions, J. dAnal. Math. 75 (1998) 247266.
[20] K. Seip, Density theorems for sampling and interpolation in the Bargmann
Fock space, I, J. Reine Angew. Math. 429 (1992) 91106.
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2131.
[22] K. Seip, Developments from nonharmonic Fourier series, Documenta Math. J.
DMV, Extra Volume ICM (1998) 713722.
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Alexander Borichev, Department of Mathematics, Univerration, 33405 Talsity of Bordeaux I, 351, cours de la Libe
ence, France
E-mail: borichev@math.u-bordeaux.fr
de Provence, 39 rue F.
Remi Dhuez, LATPCMI, Universite
Joliot-Curie, 13453 Marseille, France
E-mail: dhuez@cmi.univ-mrs.fr
de Provence, 39 rue
Karim Kellay, LATPCMI, Universite
F. Joliot-Curie, 13453 Marseille, France
E-mail: kellay@cmi.univ-mrs.fr

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SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL

WEIGHTED SPACES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS

A subset of D is called a sampling set for Ah (D ) if there exists

A subset of D is called an interpolation set for Ah (D ) if for every

A. BORICHEV, R. DHUEZ, K. KELLAY

Next we assume that h C 2 (D ), and

where dm2 is area measure, 1 p < .

For regular h considered in our paper (for precise conditions on h see

if and only if is a sampling set for A2h (D ). In a similar way, a

for any sequence {a } of complex numbers, if and only if is an

SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL WEIGHTED SPACES

conjectrure translates into the question on whether any sampling set

and the weighted Fock spaces

A. BORICHEV, R. DHUEZ, K. KELLAY

every z D we find fz Ah (D ) such that

in a special neighborhood of z. (For a different type of peak functions

For approximation of general h see the paper [15] by Yu. Lyubarskii

SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL WEIGHTED SPACES

decreases to 0 near the point 1, and

Then for any K > 0, for r (0, 1) sufficiently close to 1, we have

Furthermore, we assume that either (ID ) the function r 7 (r)(1

0 (r) log 1/(r) 0,

Typical examples for (ID ) are

a typical example for (IID ) is

Denote by D(z, r) the disc of radius r centered at z, D(r) = D(0, r).

We say that a subset of D is d -separated (with constant c) if

Card( D(z, R(z)))

and its upper d -density

Card( D(z, R(z)))

We remark here that by (2.2), for fixed R, 0 < R < , we have

A. BORICHEV, R. DHUEZ, K. KELLAY

We could compare these densities D to those defined in the case

D (, D ) = lim inf inf

a typical example for (IIC ) is

SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL WEIGHTED SPACES

Next, we introduce d , and the notion of d -separated subsets of C

Card( D(z, R(z)))

and its upper d -density

Card( D(z, R(z)))

Theorem 2.5. A set C is a sampling set for Ah (C ) if and only

A. BORICHEV, R. DHUEZ, K. KELLAY

Given s (0, 1) sufficiently close to the point 1, we can define

Proof. (i) We choose the sequence {rk } in the following way: r0 = 0;

Furthermore, since h(r) increases for r close to 1, we obtain that

Next we define sk by the relations

(ii) First of all we note that

SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL WEIGHTED SPACES

Next we use that if || c < 1, | 0 | 1, then

Summing up, we obtain

for some positive constants c1 , c2 .

A. BORICHEV, R. DHUEZ, K. KELLAY

cNk (rk+1 rk ) c1 , (3.8)

and it remains to estimate W (z), where

Consider the set

SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL WEIGHTED SPACES

with c independent of r. This together with (3.8), (3.9) and (3.6)

0 m < k, sm < |w| 1,

Now, (3.5) implies that for (1 2t1 (1 r))T ,

with positive c, c1 , c2 independent of r.

A. BORICHEV, R. DHUEZ, K. KELLAY

with c independent of r, t, and (3.10) is proved.

for some positive constant c1 .

with positive c, c1 , c2 independent of k, r.

SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION IN RADIAL WEIGHTED SPACES

|PR (z)| dist(z, )e(/2)|z| ,

log1 dm2 (w) log

log1 dm2 (w) log |PR (z)| = O(1), |z| R + 1.

|g(w)|eh(w) e|zw| /[4(z) ] ,

|g(w)|eh(w) e|zw| /[4(z) ] ,

Proof. We may assume that () (z), D. We suppose that