Professional Documents
Culture Documents
o As CO2 diffuses out of the blood, its going to push the reaction
towards CO2 formation (left) because its an equilibrium
reaction.
o To make CO2 you need protons and bicarbonate ions protons will be released by Hb, then Haldane effect will
come into play when oxygen binds to Hb (gives you
protons) nowyou need bicarbonate ions.
Most of them are carried in plasma so they have to get
back into the cell through anion exchanger while chloride
ions are moving out (facilitated diffusion) and gives you
more molecular CO2 which then diffuses out by partial
pressure gradient
. If there is any more HbCO2 (called carbomino CO2)
(small amounts bound to Hb)- it gives up the rest of the
CO2 because there is low levels of CO2 and that also
diffuses out. CA- carbonic hydronaze.
Water breathing teleost fish diagramo difference between lungs- when CO2 is let into the water it
reacts with water and products are protons and HCO3
gooed because it gets rid of CO2 which keeps partial
pressure constant.
o There is also no carbomino CO2 because its almost no
importance in fish.
Dogfisho they have carbonic anhydrase in the blood (floating in plasma),
and its also on the gill membrane where it can catalyze plasma
reactions.
o Up to about half of CO2 excretion happens in the plasma.
o There is also no Haldane effect.
Gas exchange organso gills are outfoldings of body surface and lungs are infoldings of
the body surface.
o Tend to have high surface area, high permeability, thin
membranes and richly visualized surface (lots of blood vessels).
o We can understand this MO2 (amount of O2 thats moving=
deltaPO2 x KO2 x SA/T.
Air vs watero the most important difference is that solubility of oxygen in
water is very low compared to that of air.
o So water holds about 30x less O2 than air does.
o This means that water breathing animals have to move a lot
more water to get the oxygen they need than air breathing
animals do.
MO2= Vm x concentration difference.