CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

Language Development In Children Aged Three Years

A. Understanding language acquisition

Kiparsky in Tarin (1998) says that language acquisition is a process

used by children to adjust a series of hypotheses with what the old man to
the rules of grammar can choose the best and simplest of the language
concerned.
Krashen in Schutz (2006: 12) defines the language acquisition as
"the product of a subconscious process very similar to the process of
children undergo when they acquire Reviews their first language.
Language acquisition generally takes place within the target language
community

with

natural

and

informal

sifal

and

refers

to

the

communication demands. Unlike the learning that takes place in formal

and artificial, and refers to the learning demands (Ricardo Schutz, 2006:
12).
According to Vygotsky first language acquisition obtained from the
child's interactions with the environment, While the child already has the
basic potential or the language acquisition device by Chomsky called the
language acquisition device (LAD), the potential will develop optimally
after receiving stimuli from the environment. In language acquisition in its
different stages of a child there is a fast, medium or slow. It is certainly
influenced by several factors such as natural factors which in this factor
children naturally acquire language from birth as expressed Chomsky, in
addition to natural factors there are also factors of cognitive development
and social background factors.

B. Theory of language acquisition in children

1. Theory of Chomsky
Chomsky (2002: 1) explain that in perspective "Language Faculty"
(human capacity in acquiring and using language), the language is a
natural object, a component of the human intellect that is physically
represented in the brain and is part of the developmental biology. Noam
Chomsky argues that any linguist would be able to understand and make
sentences in the language because he was "saving the conscience"
grammar of the language into the language competence; also has
mastered the ability - the ability of the language performance. Thus, in
language

acquisition,

children

attained,

both

competence

and

performance first language. In addition, Chomsky also argued that the

child will get his own mother tongue as long as it was introduced, because
both children are intelligent or not they are the same language acquisition
process.

2. Theory Piaget
According to Piaget's cognitive development affects the stages in
language acquisition and at the same time limiting the level of language
acquisition itself. So according to Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental
sequence determines the order of language development.

3. The theory of behaviorism

This theory highlights the direct observed linguistic behavior and the
relationship between stimulus and response. For example, such a child say
"LUMAH" for the word "RUMAH" child definitely be criticized by his mother

by saying "RUMAH". And if the children say the word "RUMAH" correctly,
he did not receive criticism. Situations such as this is called making the
proper reaction to stimuli and was key for first language acquisition.

C. Child language development

Child has gained language development in accordance with the age
and stage of development characteristics. With children's language can
show intent, purpose of thinking, and feelings to others.
Although artifacts speed difference in each child in the language.
The development of language remains include two written and oral
communication is. Traffic-verbal ability evolved from an early age, before
the age of 3 years old. At the age of 3 years old to know the child has
become a chatterbox skilled, they are also able to use and understand
most of the sentence, may also be involved in the talks. In infants up to
the age of about 2 years old children understand the world through their
senses.
At the age of 4-5 years old children begin to develop vocabulary.
They often repeat a unique vocabulary though not understand its
meaning. During this period the child begins to combine syllables into
words and words into sentences.

D. the result of the research

a. The identity of the object under study

Name

: Nathan Abiyu Rizaldi

Place / date of birth

: Bengkulu, 23 september 2011

Age

: 3 years and 3 months

Address

: JL.Raya padang kemiling RT.07 kel. Pekan Sabtu

kecamatan
selebar kota Bengkulu .

Education

: school yet

The Child that I studied in this research is a normal child aged 3

years and 3 months ( 3 years old ) named Nathan Abiyu Rizaldi, he was a
very active child in accordance with the development stages of his age.
Nathan was born in a perfect environment and family are quite educated.
He has a brother who is now attending primary school makes it very often
communicates with his brother in a language and manner communicates
his own. Besides, he also frequently speaks with his brother who was a
baby despite her brother can not respond, sometimes he still talked and
answered his own question that he accusing to his brother.
Nathan own character, he is a child who is very active and agile in
age, he always chattering there-here with people who once met the
people who are rarely seen, its development is like other children. Often ,
when he heard the unfamiliar words or unique word, he will follow to
pronounce the word even repeatedly.
Nathan, the kind of kid who was not quiet. He always agile in
moving or chattering. Because of this, he has no fear or embarrassment to
others so easily he always communicate with others despite what he says,
the pronunciation is still a mess and sometimes preparation of the
sentence is wrong. But behind it all at the age of 3 years old nathan was
able gradually to speak with sentences longer. It is also supported by the
teaching that every day he gets out of the family, especially of his mother
and of his father. The mother often taught nathan speak with correct
pronunciation and show her things and tell what object that she show , so
nathan could pronounce the name of the object. In addition, he also
taught to speak or speaking by way of singing. His mother was playing a
children's song, then join in singing the song nathan while rocking.

Not only the mother who taught her to speak, nathan also learned
many lessons from the environment around her speak as peers, uncle,
aunt and grandmother.

b. research result
Here is a bit of a conversation between the researcher and the
children studied.
Yunita : ini adek bayi siapa?
Nathan : adek ayi mbo ko, angan mbik yo
Yunita : ayuk gendong yo
Nathan : au njam ye, tapi angan awak yik yo.. njam ye angan
awak ayik.
Yunitha : iya, dek ini ada kue makanlah kue dulu, baru main.
Nathan : kue po yuk ? adek ndak tong coy yuk. Untuk mpat
kue.
Yunitha : dimakan langsung ajo kue itu.
Nathan : enggak yuk, dek num cucu lu yo.

From the dialog above appears that the children studied named,
Nathan, was fluent in just a lot of sounds that are not appropriate
language and grammar are messy. In terms of phonology course we can
see.
As we know phonology discuss the sounds of language according to
function. In terms of phonology Nathan aged 3 years and 3 months have
been able to make a sentence and say it. However, there are some words
that he spoke only a syllable or in one word uttered only just the tip of the
word such as "au njam ye" should be "kau pinjam boleh". There was also a
difficult letters mention for example the letter L in the word " ye
(boyeh)" in the above conversation should "boleh". Likewise, the word "

adek endak tong coy yuk " in which he spoke only syllable finally alone,
when it should rightly spoken word " adek endak kantong asoy yuk ".
Then in terms of syntax can also take a look. Syntactic grammar
which is discussing about the relationship between words in speech and
sentence. In general syntactic arrangement consists of subject, predicate,
and object as well as a description. And the fourth is not necessarily
always be enough subject and predicate alone can represent.
In terms of syntax Nathan aged 3 years and 3 months ( 3 years old )
, have started to make a sentence with a good example " dek num cucu lu
yo " or " adek minum susu dulu yah ",

the syntactic structure of the

sentence is true that it has begun, there is a "adek" as subject, then "
minum " as a predicate (verb) and " susu " as its object. This is consistent
with the statement that says that at the age of 3 years old child's speech
has begun to be longer and grammar start point of order. Nathan was able
to construct a sentence with a good pattern, according to the above
conversation. It's just that he often uses repetition in his words.
In this case we can see that Nathan in aged 3 years and 3 months
( 3 years old ) have acquired language development in accordance with
the development of age. In this age of 3 years old

he was able to

distinguish objects and the other one, and has been able to communicate
with other people who can understand although the pronunciation is still
not perfect.
So according to Chomsky's theory, every child was able to speak as
long as it is introduced to the language . It is apparent from what
happened to Nathan, where every day his mother and family

tries to

teach and introduce him to the new words or objects that he knows about
these words and be able speak and speak well.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion
Every human being must speak in order to communicate with each
other. Similarly, the young children . They have a stage in language
acquisition in accordance with the stages of his age. In this study the
object under study is a 3 year old boy named Nathan Abiyu Rizaldi. In this
study it appears that the 3-year-old boy named Nathan has been able to
converse or communicate with others. But the problem that arises is
about the pronunciation, which he is not too fluent in pronouncing words.
Seemed he just say the last part of section syllable, and besides, she also
had difficulty in pronouncing some letters as well as in the use of the
phrase.