Name

Gabriella. E . Berhimpon

NRI

13061103149

Class

4C

JEPANG, AGRICULTURAL FACTORS

Rice is the most important food crop in Japan. Views of fields and crops in
Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture in the fall. Although only 12% of the land area in
Japan that could be used for agriculture, but the results including satisfactory. The
amount of agricultural products supported by the fertility of agricultural land due
to soil containing volcanic ash. In addition, the cultivation of agricultural land
intensively supported by advanced technology. The agricultural sector is a sector
that the government protected and receive subsidies in large quantities.
Japanese agricultural products such as rice, potatoes, corn, wheat, peanuts,
soybeans, and tea. The results in the form of pig farms, chicken, eggs, beef and
milk. Vegetables such as radish, cabbage, cucumber, tomatoes, carrots, spinach,
and lettuce. While fruits are widely grown is apples and oranges. Apples are an
excellent product Tohoku and Hokkaido. Pears are agricultural products Tottori
Prefecture. Citrus groves located in Shikoku, Shizuoka, and Kyushu. Pear and
citrus plants brought into Japan by Dutch traders in Nagasaki at the end of the 18th
century.
Rice is a highly protected crops Japanese government. Rice imports subject
to import duties and restrictions 490% quota by 7.2% from the average rice
consumption in 1968 to 1988. Imports outside the quota is not prohibited, but
subject to import duties \ 341 per kilogram. Rice import tariffs are now (490%) is

expected to rise to 778% according to new calculations which will be applied in

accordance Doha Round.
Although Japan is usually able to perform self-sufficient in rice (except rice
to make Senbei and processed foods), Japan must import 50% of cereal
consumption needs and relies on imports of meat. Japan imported wheat, sorghum,
and soybeans in large quantities, especially from the United States. Japan is the
largest market for agricultural exports EU.
Agriculture in Japan is more advanced and implement agricultural
intensification, so although the area of Japan is used as agricultural land is less than
15% self-sufficient in Japan can meet its domestic needs. As with Indonesia that
the Lord many natural resources as yet self-sufficient in food, ironic. Agriculture in
Japan mostly use the system hydroponics, aeroponics, green manure / compost,
harvesting machines and machines that modern pirates. 2011, Japan successfully
self-sufficient on commodity rice, soybeans, peanuts, seaweed, tea, tomatoes,
vegetables, cabbage, pears, oranges, apricots, turnips, corn, potatoes, sticky rice,
wheat, flowers and wasabi. Although self-sufficiency, to make Sanbei, Japan is still
importing rice from Vietnam and Thailand,

1. Machine Automatic Rice growers and harvesters

Rice transplanter is a modern machine for planting rice seedlings at planting
system simultaneously. This machine has been widely used in several countries.
such as China and Taiwan. How to use this tool very easily. Bibitkan rice in paddy
plot measuring 20 80 cm. Having grown into seedlings and 15 days old, the
seeds placed on transplater.Selanjutnya rice machine, the machine is ready to
operate. In one motion, this machine can make 4 lines with 30 cm spacing between
lines. In just four hours, one ton of rice seedlings was carrying was gone
ditanam.Berkurangnya labor in the agricultural sector should be made more
efficient farmers in farming with tool-lat modernization of agriculture and
agricultural technology.
Several types of machine planting
rice seedlings :
Machine planting rice seedlings
from Japan
Aunt rice planting machine
from China

 Machine planting rice seedlings from IRRI

2. This type of machine planting rice seedlings
In general there are two types of machine planting rice seedlings,
distinguished by the way seeding and preparation of rice seedlings. The first, which
is a machine that uses seeds planted / sown in soil (washed root seedlings). This
machine has the advantage that it can be used without having to change the way
the usual nursery seedlings traditionally done before.
However, the time needed to take a long cuckup seed, so the total working
capacity of the machine becomes small. The second is the use of planting machines
specifically sowing seeds in a special box. Machines of this type requires a total
change in seedling production.
Seedbed should be done at the nursery box mediated soil, and seeds
maintained by watering, fertilizing until the temperature setting. Seedbed in this
way, in Japan, many performed by the central agricultural cooperatives, so that
farmers do not have to bother preparing rice seedlings themselves. Seeding seed in
this way can provide uniformity in seed and can be produced in large quantities.
This machine can work faster, more accurate and stable.
When dilhat of types of power sources to move the machine, there are three
types of machine tool plant seedlings which are operated manually, planting
machines driven by tractor and planting machines that have their own power
source or engine. Machines produced by IRRI or some Chinese production is
manual type. All types of Japanese production machines and some Chinese
production is to have its own power source. Engine-driven tractor, previously
produced in Japan, but lately has been rarely used.

Any type of machine is used, the surface must be flat rice fields and flat, into the
water should be flat, as well as violence must also be the same ground, as this will
provide a stable operation. If not, there will be many kegagala embedding seeds, so
it will take a long time to manually stitching.
3. Machine planting rice seedlings from Japan
Today, all kinds of machine transplanting rice seedlings in Japan is having a
(self-propulsion type), operated by means of guided (walking type) or driving
(riding type) (See Figure 2 to 4). This type of machine which is guided generally
has a groove planting 2 to 6 grooves, while the type driven by having 4 to 12 in a
single trajectory planting furrow planting. The distance between the grooves made
permanent planting is 30 cm, and the distance between seeds in the groove can be
adjusted between 11 to 18 cm. Seeds are commonly used height / length 10 to 30
cm, has 2 to 5 leaves. The number of seedlings planted at each point is 3 to 5 seeds.
Planting speed is about 200 points (hill) per minute per plot. If a machine
can be planted in four grooves, the grooves between the sweet 40 cm and the
distance between the point of planting 16 cm, then the plant will take 4 hours for
each hectare. In fact, time is also needed to turn, add seeds, etc., Then the time

spent on planting is only about 60 to 80%. Or in other words, the capacity of

planting to be 5 to 7 hours per ha. Failure embedding seeds (missing hill) of about
1%, in the form of torn damaged, immersed or floating.
Making rice seedlings conducted with 200 grams of seeds sowed in a box
measuring 60 x 30 x 3 cm. The seed sown in the dark to germinate, then given the
sun for two days hingg green color evenly. After the seed is maintained until the
desired size or height. In the center of the rice breeding in Japan, seeds for an area
of 50 till 200 ha (approximately 7000 to 30000 box) made with uniform, where it
is also equipped with a seed disinfection process, mixing fertilizers, growing media
packing / soil seed to seedling box, control temperature, spraying, etc.