International Journal of Mathematics and

Computer Applications Research (IJMCAR)

ISSN(P): 2249-6955; ISSN(E): 2249-8060
Vol. 5, Issue 1, Feb 2015, 13-28
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

RADIATION AND HEAT GENERATION EFFECTS ON UNSTEADY MHD FLOW OVER

A STRETCHING SURFACE WITH POROUS MEDIUM AND SLIP CONDITIONS
R. CHANDRA SEKHAR REDDY1, K. JAYARAMI REDDY2 & M. S. N. REDDY3
1

Department of Mathematics, Priyadarshini, Institute of Technology, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

2

Department of Mathematics, K. L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Department of Mathematics, JNTUA College of Engineering, Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
The object of the present paper is to analyze the slip flow effects on unsteady hydromagnetic flow over a
stretching surface with thermal radiation in presence of heat generation and porous medium. The governing partial
differential equations are reduced to a system of self-similar equations using the similarity transformations. The resultant
equations are then solved numerically using the Runge- Kutta fourth order technique along with shooting method.
The effects of governing physical parameters on the velocity and temperature as well as skin friction coefficient and
Nusselt number are computed and presented in graphical and tabular forms.

KEYWORDS: Slip Effect, MHD, Unsteady Flow, Porous Medium, Radiation and Heat Generation
INTRODUCTION
Now-a-days, enthusiasm has been developing in the field of heat transfer of the boundary layer flows over a
stretching sheet, in respect of its varied and wide-ranging applications in several fields like polymer processing industry in
particular in manufacturing process of artificial film and artificial fibers and in general applications of dilute polymer
solution. As the flow through porous media plays a significant role in practical applications namely contamination of soils
by pollution movement, ground water flows, enhanced oil recovery process, hazardous wastes etc, contributes for the study
of stretching sheet problems in a porous medium are plenty. Sakiadis [1] studied the boundary layer behavior on
continuous solid surfaces for two dimensional and asymmetric flows. The author [2] also proposed the boundary layer
behavior permanently on solid surface and flat surface. Crane [3] considered the boundary layer flow caused by stretching
sheet moving with linearly varying velocity from a fixed point. The heat transfer aspect of problem was proposed by
Carraagher and Crane [4] under the conditions that the temperature difference between the surface and the ambient fluid
was proportional to the power of the distance from a fixed point. Gupta and Gupta [5] investigated the momentum, heat
andmass transfer in the boundary layer over a stretching sheet with suction or blowing.Liu [6] and Liu [7] investigated the
heat and mass transfer problems for a viscous fluid-saturated porous medium over an impermeable/permeable and
non-isothermal stretching sheet under different environments, respectively. The unsteady and the steady boundary layer
flow and heat transfer past a stretching sheet in a porous medium are analyzed by Ishaket al. [8]. A similarity solution for
theboundary layer flow through a porous medium over a stretching porous wall is found by Tamayolet al. [9].
Fang and Zhang [10] revisited the heat transfer over a stretching sheet with mass transfer in aporous medium. The
diffusion and the flow of chemically reactive species over a non-linearly stretchingsheet immersed in a porous medium are

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R. Chandra Sekhar Reddy, K. Jayarami Reddy & M. S. N. Reddy

studied by Ziabakhshet al. [11]. Also a remark on the validity ofthe Brinkman model in particular on the effective viscosity
was made by Auriault[12].
The scientific application of the hydromagnetic flow with slip flow effects has become the theme of attraction for
many researchers, engineers and scientists. Joseph and Beaver [13] has given a slip flow condition on the boundary.
The Blasius boundary layer solution with slip flow effects were investigated by Martin et al. [14]. Wang [15] investigated
the study of the flow of a Newtonian fluid past a stretching surface with partial slip and gave an exact solution. Slip flow
pasta stretching surface was depicted by Andersson [16]. The momentum and heat transferin a laminar boundary by slip
flow was studied by Martin et al. [17]. The stagnation slip flow and heat transfer on a moving plate was studied by Wang
[18]. The boundary layer equations with linear slip boundary conditions were studied by Matthews et al. [19]. Abbaset al.
[20] estimated the slip effects and heat transfer effects of a viscous fluid over stretching sheet.Fang et al. [21] states
numerical solution of the slip hydrodynamic viscous flow over a stretching surface. Wang [22] had given a note on the
analysis of viscous flow due to a stretching sheet with surface slip and suction. Rushi Kumar [23] discussed the MHD
boundary layer flow on heat and mass transfer over a stretching sheet with slip effect.
For some industrial applications like glass production, furnace design, and in space technology applications such
as cosmical flight, propulsion systems, plasma physics aerodynamics rocket and spacecraft re-entry aerothermodynamics
which operate at higher temperature, radiation effects are significant. The effects of slip conditions on stretching flow with
ohmic dissipation and radiation were investigated by Qasim [24]. Mukhopadhyay [25] investigated radiation effects on
unsteady convection flow and heat transfer over a porous stretching surface with porous medium. Sajid and Hayat [26]
studied the influence of radiation on the boundary layer flow due to an exponentially stretching surface. Siddalingappa and
Nandeppanavar [27] discussed the effects of radiation on heat transfer flow over a non-linearly stretching sheet through
porous medium with viscous dissipation. Anjali Devi and VasanthaKumari [28] studied the radiation effect on unsteady
MHD flow over a stretching surface with slip conditions.MdYusof et al. [29] studied the radiation effect on unsteady MHD
flow over a stretching surface. Makinde and Seini [30] considered the thermal radiation effects on MHD boundary layer
flow due to exponential stretching surface in presence of chemical reaction. The study of absorption or heat generation of
the boundary layer flow over a stretching surface is important in problems dealing with dissociating fluids. The result of
possible heat generation might alter the temperature distribution, hence, the particle deposition rate in, semi conductor
wafers, electronic chips and nuclear reactors. Vajravelu and Hahjinicalaous [31] investigated the heat transfer characteristic
in the laminar boundary layer of aviscous fluid over a stretching surface with viscousdissipation in the presence of internal
heat generation orabsorption. Samad and Zahan [32] proposed the effects of mass transfer and radiation on MHD free
convection flow along a stretching sheet in presence of heat generation. Heat generation effect on MHD convective flow of
a micropolar fluid past a moving vertical porous plate was carried out by Rahman and Sattar [33]. Raju et al [34] depicted
the Analytical approach of MHD dissipative, free convictive boundary layer flow past a porous vertical surface in the
presence of constant suction, chemical reaction and thermal radiation. Unsteady MHD free convection flow past an
exponentially gives vertical plate with thermal radiation, chemical reaction and mass transfer is studied by Chamkha et al.
[35].Combined effects of heat absorption and MHD on convective Rivlin-Ericksen flow past a semi-infinite vertical porous
plate were investigated by Ravikumar et al. [36]. Recently Reddy et al. [37] investigated Unsteady MHD radiative and
chemically reactive free convection flow near a moving vertical plate in porous medium. Seshaiah et al. [38] considered
the effects of chemical reaction and radiation on unsteady MHD free convective fluid flow embedded in a porous medium
with time-dependent suction with temperature gradient heat source. Raju et al. [39] considered Radiation and mass transfer
Impact Factor (JCC): 4.2949

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

15

Radiation and Heat Generation Effects on Unsteady MHD Flow

over a Stretching Surface with Porous Medium and Slip Conditions

effects on a free convection flow through a porous medium bounded by a vertical surface. Reddy et al. [40] investigated
the Radiation, chemical reaction and slip condition effects on unsteady MHD periodic flow of a viscous fluid through
saturated porous medium in a planar channel.
However, the study of the effect of radiation on unsteady MHD flow over a stretching surface has received a little
attention. Therefore, the main object of this paper is to analyze the slip flow effects on unsteady hydromagnetic flow over a
stretching surface with thermal radiation in presence of porous medium and heat generation. The governing partial
differential equations are reduced to a system of self-similar equations using the similarity transformations. By using the
Runge-Kutta fourth order techniques along with shooting method, the resultant equations are then resolved numerically.
The governing physical parameters effects on the temperature and velocity as well as Nusselt number and skin friction
coefficient are computed and presented in graphical and tabular forms.

Figure 1: Schematic Representation of the Problem

FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

Consider a two dimensional, unsteady boundary layer flow of an incompressible, viscous, radiating, electrically
conducting

fluid

over

stretching

surface

with

velocity

U w ( x, t )

bx
and
1 t

with

temperature

3
bx 2

2 where both b and are constants and the constant has the dimension
Tw ( x, t ) T T0
1

reciprocal to time. Tw is the temperature of the wall, T is the main stream temperature, T0 is the reference temperature
and

is the kinematic viscosity of the ambient fluid. The x - axis is chosen along the stretching surface and point in the

direction of motion. The

applied

in

the

B( x, t ) B0 x

m1
2

y axis is perpendicular to the surface and the fluid flow. A variable magnetic field B( x, t ) is

direction

parallel

the

direction

parallel

to

axis

and

can

be

expressed

as

1 t 2

in

j , where B0 is the strength of the magnetic field, m is the positive integer with m = 1 and

is the constant. The magnetic Reynolds number is assumed to be very small and hence the induced magnetic field is

assumed to be negligible.
Under all these assumptions, the governing equations of the problem is given as follows

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16

R. Chandra Sekhar Reddy, K. Jayarami Reddy & M. S. N. Reddy

u v

0
x y

(1)

u
u
v
2u B 2

u
v 2
u *u
t
x
y
y

(2)

T
T
T
2T
1 qr Q*
u
v
2

T Tw
t
x
y
y
c p y c p

(3)

where u, v are the velocity components along x and y direction respectively,

fluid,

is the electrical conductivity of the fluid,

permeability parameter, T is the fluid temperature,

is the kinematic viscosity of the

is the density of the fluid, B is the magnetic field applied, K * is the

k
is the thermal diffusivity with k as the thermal conductivity
cp
*

and c p as the heat capacity at constant pressure and q r is the radiative heat flux. Q is the volumetric rate of heat
generation. Here the fluid is considered to be grey, absorbing, emitting but a non scattering medium and hence the
Rosselands approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux. Therefore the radiative heat flux q r under the
Rosselands approximation has the form

4 * T 4
qr
3k1 y
where

(4)

is the Stefan Boltzman constant and k l is the mean absorption coefficient. It is assumed that the

temperature difference within the flow is sufficiently small such that

temperature. This can be done by expanding

T 4 may be expressed as a linear function of

T 4 in a Taylor series expansion about T and neglecting the higher order

terms, thus

T 4 4T3 3T4

(5)

Using equations (4) and (5), equation (3) will become

T
T
T
2T 16 *T3 2T Q*
u
v
2

T Tw
t
x
y
y
3k1 c p y 2 c p

(6)

The corresponding boundary conditions are given by

u U w ( x, t ) N1

u
T
, v 0 , T Tw ( x, t ) D1
, at y = 0
y
y

u 0 , T T as y

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.2949

(7)

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

17

Radiation and Heat Generation Effects on Unsteady MHD Flow

over a Stretching Surface with Porous Medium and Slip Conditions
1

here N1 N 0 (1 t ) 2 is the velocity slip factor which changes with time, N 0 is the initial values of the
1

velocity slip factor, D1 D0 (1 t ) 2 is the thermal jump factor. It also changes with time, D0 is the initial value of the
thermal jump factor. The essential slip factor N1 and D1 have the dimension as velocity

and length respectively.

METHODS OF SOLUTION
The mathematical analysis of the problem is simplified by introducing the following similarity transformations
and dimensionless variables.
1

b 2
1 t 2 y

1

(8)

b 2 1 t 2 xf ( )

(9)

Where is the physical stream function which is chosen in such a way that it automatically satisfies the equation
of continuity given by equation (1).

3
bx 2
T T

that is T T T0
1 t 2 ( ), where is the
Tw T
2

dimensionless temperature. The relations for velocity components are readily obtained as

U w f ( )
y

1
1

2
v
(b ) (1 t ) 2 f ( )
x

(10)

By using the above similarity transformation and the dimensionless variables, the governing equations defined in
(2) and (6) are then transformed into a set of the following nonlinear ordinary differential equations

f A f f 2 ff ( M 2 K ) f 0
2

(11)

3R 4 3R Pr f 2 f 3 Q 0

A
2

(12)

The corresponding boundary conditions are

f ( ) 1 h1 f ( ) , f ( ) 0 , ( ) 1 h2 ( ) as 0

f ( ) 0 , ( ) 0 as
where A

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is the unsteadiness parameter,

(13)

M2

B02
b

is the magnetic interaction parameter,

2
K U w2

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R. Chandra Sekhar Reddy, K. Jayarami Reddy & M. S. N. Reddy

is the permeability of porous medium, R

Q*
Q
c pU w2

Kk1

is the radiation parameter, Pr

is the Prandtl number,
* 3
4 T

is the heat generation parameter,

h1 N 0 b

1
2

b 2
is the velocity slip parameter and h2 D0 is the

thermal jump parameter. The other quantities of physical interest in this problem are the local skin friction coefficient and
the local Nusselt number which are defined as
1

2 w
Cf
2 Re 2 f (0)
U w2

(14)

1
xqw
4

Nu
(0) Re 2 1

K (Tw T )
3R

(15)

Respectively, where Re

Uwx

is the local Reynolds number. The surface shear stress

w and the net surface

heat flux q w are given by

w
y y 0

(16)

T
qw K
qr
y

y 0

(17)

NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

Equations (11) and (12) along with the boundary conditions given by equation (13) constitutes a nonlinear
boundary value problem and it is difficult to solve it. It can be solved by changing them to an initial value problem by
employing an efficient shooting method along with Runge-Kutta shooting method. The suitable guess value for
and

(0)

f (0)

are obtained by using Runge-Kutta fourth order shooting method and later solutions of the initial value

problems are obtained. The convergence criterion of the problem mainly depends on how good the guess values are for

f (0) and (0) .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In-order to analyze the results, numerical computations have been performed for various values of the parameters
2

such as Magnetic interaction parameter ( M ) , Permeability of porous medium parameter (K), Heat generation parameter
(Q), Unsteadiness parameter (A), Radiation parameter (R), Velocity slip parameter ( h1 ),Thermal jump parameter ( h2 ) and
Prandtl number (Pr). The results and numerical values illustrated with the help of figures and Tables. Throughout the
calculations, the parametric values are fixed to be M = 1.0, K = 1.0, A = 0.01, h1 = 0.4, h2 = 0.5, Pr = 0.71, R = 1.0,
Q = 0.1, unless otherwise indicated.
Impact Factor (JCC): 4.2949

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

19

Radiation and Heat Generation Effects on Unsteady MHD Flow

over a Stretching Surface with Porous Medium and Slip Conditions

The effect of variation of the magnetic parameter

M 2 on the velocity profiles is presented in Figure 2. It is well

known that the application of a uniform magnetic field normal to the flow direction gives rise to a force called Lorentz.
This Lorentz force has the tendency to decrease the velocity of the fluid along the boundary layer. This is obvious from the
decreases in the velocity profiles as magnetic field parameter is increase. In figure 3 we can observe the graphical
representation of the dimensionless velocity for different values of the permeability of porous medium parameter K on
velocity profiles. It can be observed the velocity increase as permeability of porous medium K increases.Figure 4 predicts
the influence of the dimensionless velocity for different values of the velocity slip parameter h1. If the values of the
velocity slip parameter increases then the fluid velocity decreases. When slip occurs (for the non zero values of h1) the
flow velocity near the surface is not equal to the surface stretching velocity, as the velocity slip exists. Further increasing
values of h1 will decrease the flow velocity since the slip condition the pulling of the stretching sheet might only partially
transmitted to the fluid. It is readily seen that h1 has a substantial effect on the solution. Figure 5 shows the non
dimensional velocity for the variation of unbounded parameter A. It has been observed that the velocity sheet decreases
with the increase in the unsteadiness parameter A and this implies an accompanying reduction of the momentum boundary
layer thickness.Figures 6 to 13 show the variation in the temperature boundary layer caused by various parameters
2

involved in the study. Figure 6 tells the dimensionless temperature for various values of magnetic field parameter M .
The thermal boundary layer becomes thicker with the increasing values of the magnetic interaction parameter. Similarly
the permeability of porous medium K and velocity slip parameter h1 has an increasing effect over the dimensionless
temperature distribution. This is elucidated through Figures 7 and 11.It is observed from Figure 8 temperature profile
decreases while increasing the Prandtl number Pr. This is because of the fact that thermal boundary layer thickness reduces
with the increase in Prandtl number Pr. The effect is even more pronounced for small Prandtl number Pr because the
thermal boundary layer thickness is comparatively large.
Figure 9 explains the influence of the radiation parameter R on the temperature field. The radiation parameter R
defines the relative contribution of conduction heat transfer to thermal radiation transfer. It signs that when the radiation
parameter increases the thermal boundary layer thickness declines. Figure 10 shows the impact of heat generation
parameter Q on temperature profiles within the thermal boundary layer. From the Figure 10, it is identified that the
temperature boosts with an increase in the heat generation parameter Q. As the thermal jump parameter h2 increases, less
heat is transferred from the surface to the fluid. Hence the thermal jump parameters high value decreases the less
dimensional temperature of the fluid. Figure 12 clearly shows that the thermal boundary layer thickness turns thinner as the
thermal jump parameter takes higher values. For the ascending values of temporary parameter A, the dimensionless
temperature falls down with the distance

from

the surface. The impact of the unsteadiness parameter A is more

pronounced over the temperature distribution than on the velocity. This can be clearly shown in Figure 6. It is clearly
visible from the figures 14, 15 and 16 that the representation of the local skin-friction coefficient

f (0) variations for

various values of magnetic interaction parameter M , the unsteadiness parameter A, and permeability of porous medium
2

K. For increasing values of M , K, and A, I It is noted that in all cases the local skin-friction coefficient reduces. The effect
of various parameters involved over the non-dimensional rate of heat transfer is shown through Table 1. It is known from
2

the table that the non-dimensional rate of heat transfer is reduced for the values of the magnetic interaction parameter M ,
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20

R. Chandra Sekhar Reddy, K. Jayarami Reddy & M. S. N. Reddy

velocity slip parameter h1, permeability of porous medium K, thermal jump parameter h2 and heat generation parameter Q.
The unsteadiness parameter A, Prandtl number Pr and radiation parameter R enhances the non-dimensional rate of heat
transfer.

Figure 2: Velocity Profiles for Various Values of

M2

Figure 3: Velocity Profiles for Various Values of K

Figure 4: Velocity Profiles for Various Values of H1

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.2949

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

21

Radiation and Heat Generation Effects on Unsteady MHD Flow

over a Stretching Surface with Porous Medium and Slip Conditions

Figure 5: Velocity Profiles for Various Values of A

Figure 6: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of

M2

Figure 7: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of K

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22

R. Chandra Sekhar Reddy, K. Jayarami Reddy & M. S. N. Reddy

Figure 8: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of Pr

Figure 9: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of R

Figure 10: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of Q

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.2949

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

Radiation and Heat Generation Effects on Unsteady MHD Flow

over a Stretching Surface with Porous Medium and Slip Conditions

23

Figure 11: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of H1

Figure 12: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of H2

Figure 13: Temperature Profiles for Various Values of A

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24

R. Chandra Sekhar Reddy, K. Jayarami Reddy & M. S. N. Reddy

Figure 14: Skin-Friction Coefficient Profiles for Various Values of

M2

Figure 15: Skin-Friction Coefficient Profiles for Various Values of K

Figure 16: Skin-Friction Coefficient Profiles for Various Values of A

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.2949

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

25

Radiation and Heat Generation Effects on Unsteady MHD Flow

over a Stretching Surface with Porous Medium and Slip Conditions

Table 1: Non Dimensional Rate of Heat Transfer

A

M2

Pr

h1

h2

(0) 1

3R

0.01
0.05
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.3
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
1.0
2.0
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.71

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
1.0
2.0
0.4
0.4

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
2.0

0.733126
0.748345
0.765565
0.67401
0.631455
0.790812
0.77248
0.843586
1.16943
1.32217
1.92115
0.554784
0.296736
0.609863
0.516431
0.63359
0.498286

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Vol. 7, No: 2, pp. 7-12.

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