Design Calculation

Project Title:

Project No.

Checked By:
Date:

Date:

Apr/11/15

Underground Pipe Stress Check - UGP 2

PIPE STRESSES - WHEELS ON RIGID PAVEMENT

Earth Loading
Pipe Size =
O.D. =

hc
42 in.
42 in.

Conc. Thick. hc =

8 in.

Bd
H

wd = Cd w Bd^2 =
where:

1316.6 lb / lin ft.

w=
120 lb/ft^3 soil unit wt.
Bd =
5 ft. (actual width)
Bd =
5.0 ft. (effective width)
Bc = O.D. =
3.50 ft

Bc

Cd = 1 - e^ (-2 ku'(H/Bd))
2 ku'
=

0.439
H=
ku' =

2.33 ft.
0.13 lb / in^3
ku' = modulus of subgrade reaction
Saturated clay = 0.110
Ordinary clay = 0.130
Saturated topsoil = 0.150
Sand and gravel = 0.165

Bd max. = Transitional trench width from table below

=
5 ft.

Ref. 1
Table 13 to 28

Bd = Max. effective transitional trench width

Bd
Pipe Dia.
6
8
12
16
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60

Pipe Cover = H ( ft. )

5
1.42
1.75
2.5
3
3.42
4.25
4.83
5.42
5.92
6.5
7.08
7.67

6
1.5
1.83
2.58
3.08
3.5
4.33
5.17
5.75
6.33
6.92
7.42
8

7
1.58
1.92
2.75
3.17
3.58
4.5
5.33
6.17
6.67
7.25
7.83
8.42

8
1.67
2
2.83
3.25
3.75
4.58
5.42
6.25
7.08
7.67
8.17
8.75

9
1.75
2
2.92
3.33
3.83
4.67
5.58
6.42
7.25
8.08
8.58
9.08

10
1.75
2.08
3
3.42
3.92
4.83
5.67
6.58
7.42
8.17
9
9.5

15
2.08
2.42
3.33
3.83
4.33
5.25
6.17
7.08
7.92
8.83
9.67
10.5

20
2.33
2.75
3.67
4.25
4.75
5.67
6.67
7.58
8.42
9.33
10.25
11.08

For shallow depths (< 4ft.) use :

wd = H Bc w =
978.6 lb / lin ft.
Therefore wd =
wd total =

978.6 lb / lin ft.

1328.6 lb / lin ft.

+ wt. of concrete =

350 lb / lin. Ft.

(1 of 3)

N:\civil\spreadsh\UGPipes\u-g pipe.xls

Wheel Loading
From Individual Wheel Loads
80 psi.
1.267 1.5 at surface
Ref. 2 , 4.7.2.2.2
1.0 @ H = 5 ft.
k mod. of subgrade reaction =
200 lb / in^3
Ec conc. =
3400000 psi
Ref. 4

X
P4

Tire Pressure =
Impact Factor = Fi =

P1

Sum loads
at this point
P3

L r

P2

Wheel
#
1
2
3
4
5
6

P
( lbs. )
17500
17500
17500
17500

X
( ft. )
0.00
7.00
21.20
20.00
0.00
0.00

A contact
( ft. ^2 )
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
0.00
0.00

L
( ft. )
2.45
2.45
2.45
2.45
2.45
2.45

H/L

X/L

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95

0.00
2.86
8.67
8.18
0.00
0.00

1.6
0.048
0.047
0.045
0.043
0.039
0.035
0.030
0.027
0.024
0.021
0.019
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.010

2.0
0.032
0.033
0.033
0.032
0.030
0.028
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.018
0.015
0.013
0.012
0.010
0.009

Press. Coef.

Pressure
Top Pipe (lb./ft^2)
1204.2
0.013 Table 1
189.7
0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total: =
1393.9

( C from below)
0.0825 Ref 4

Pressure Coeficient C
C
H/L
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.0

0.0
0.113
0.101
0.089
0.076
0.062
0.051
0.043
0.037
0.032
0.027
0.024
0.020
0.018
0.015
0.014
0.012

0.4
0.105
0.095
0.084
0.072
0.059
0.049
0.041
0.036
0.030
0.026
0.023
0.020
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.012

0.8
0.089
0.082
0.074
0.065
0.054
0.046
0.039
0.033
0.029
0.025
0.022
0.019
0.017
0.014
0.013
0.011

Total Wheel Pressure at Top of Pipe =

X/L
1.2
0.068
0.065
0.061
0.054
0.047
0.042
0.036
0.031
0.026
0.023
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.011

2.4
0.020
0.021
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.021
0.019
0.018
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.009

2.8
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.008

3.2
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.008
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.007

3.6
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007

4
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006

1393.9 lb / ft.^2

Pipe Stresses
Pipe Dia. O.D. =
42
Wall thickness t =
0.50
Pipe Grade =
X65
SMYS = 65000
Pipe Operating Pres. = 1000.0
SMYS design factor F =
0.8

in.
in.

Young's Mod. E = 30000000 psi.

Poisson's Ratio =
0.3
Coef. Thermal Exp. = 0.0000065 per deg F

psi.
psi.

Temp. @ Pipe Installation =

Max./Min. Operating Temp. =

10
170

deg. F
deg. F

Circumferential Stress Due to Earth Load

Ref. 2

She = Khe Be Ee lamda D =

2756.3 psi.

Value by Ref 1 (above) =

978.6 psi.

Use largest Value set SHe =

+ wt. Concrete = She tot. =

2756.3 psi.
2756.9 psi.

where:

Khe = soil/pipe stiffness

t / d = 0.011905
Be =
0.21
where H/Bd =
Ee =
1
lamda = unit wt. Soil =
120
D=
42

coef. =

4500 Fig. 3
(set E' = 1.0)
Fig. 4

0.665714

(Soil Type B for trenches)

(for trenched constuction)

lb / ft^3
in

(2 of 3)

Wheel Load Stress

w=

9.68 psi. from above

where:

Cyclic Circumferential Stress

SHh = KHh GHh R L Fi w
=
86.10 psi.

Cyclic Longitudinal Stress

SLh = KLh GLh R L Fi w
=
55.96 psi.

Internal Pressure Circumferential Stress

Shi = p (D - t ) / 2 t

KHh = circumf. stiffness factor =

12.5
where: t / d = 0.011905
GHh = geometry factor =
GHh
Pipe dia.
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54

3-4
1.45
1.28
1.08
1.12
1.07
1.01
0.96
0.92
0.87

0.96

Fig. 14
Set Er = 10

from Fig. 15

H, soil cover ( ft. )

6
8
1.15
0.9
1.05
0.85
0.95
0.77
0.85
0.73
0.8
0.68
0.76
0.64
0.72
0.6
0.69
0.55
0.66
0.51

Fig. 15

10
0.7
0.67
0.63
0.58
0.54
0.5
0.46
0.43
0.41

41500 psi.

60

0.85

R = pavement factor =
L = Axle configuration =

0.63

0.47

0.38

0.90
0.65

Ref. 2

==>

Table 2

Limits of Calculated Stress

KLh = long. Stiffness factor =
1.) Check Pressure Stress using Barlow formula
GLh = geometry factor =
SHi (Barlow) = p D / 2 t
< or = F E T SMYS (natural gas)
< or = F E SMYS (liquids)
where:F = design factor =
E = joint factor =
T = temp. derating =

SHi (Barlow) =
<=
<=

0.8
1.0
1.0

42000 psi
52000 (nat. gas)
52000 (liquids)

Ref. 3
Ref. 2

OK
OK

GLh
Pipe dia.
6
10
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60

3-4
1.55
1.23
1.15
1.1
1.02
0.94
0.86
0.78
0.7
0.62
0.54

0.78

10
Fig. 16
where t / d = 0.0119048 Set Er = 10
from Fig. 17

H, soil cover ( ft. )

6
8
1.45
1.35
1.1
1
1.02
0.88
0.93
0.83
0.87
0.75
0.8
0.69
0.73
0.63
0.65
0.58
0.58
0.52
0.51
0.46
0.44
0.41

Fig. 17

10
1.25
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.57
0.53
0.48
0.44
0.4
0.36
0.32

2.) Check Total Effective Stress

Seff =SQRT [ 1/2 ( (S1 - S2)^2 + (S2 - S3)^2 + (S3 - S1)^2)] < or = SMYF F
S1 = SHe + SHr + SHi =
44343 psi
S2 = SLr - Es Coef. Thermal Exp. (T2 - T1) + poisons ratio ( SHe + SHi) =
S3 = - P =
-1000.0 psi
S eff =

32130 psi

< or =

52000 psi

44533 psi

OK -- Stress within allowables

References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

)
)
)
)
)

Concrete Pipe Design Manual ACPA 5th Printing June 1980

API Recommended Practice 1102 Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways 6th Editition 1993
CAN/CSA Z183 - M90
PCA Vertical Pressure on Culverts Under Wheel Loads on Concrete Pavement Slabs
PCA Concrete Floors on Ground

(3 of 3)

Design Calculation
Project Title:

Project No.

014173
Date:

Checked By:
Date:

Apr/11/15

Underground Pipe Stress Check - UGP 1

PIPE STRESSES - WHEELS ON UNPROTECTED FILL

Earth Loading
Pipe Size =
O.D. =

42 in.
42 in.

Bd

wd = Cd w Bd^2 =
where:

1666.6 lb / lin ft.

Ref. 1
w=
120 lb/ft^3 soil unit wt.
Bd =
5 ft. (actual width)
Bd =
5.0 ft. (effective width)
Bc = O.D. =
3.50 ft

Bc

Cd = 1 - e^ (-2 ku'(H/Bd))
2 ku'
=

0.556
H=
ku' =

3 ft.
0.13 lb / in^3
ku' = modulus of subgrade reaction
Saturated clay = 0.110
Ordinary clay = 0.130
Saturated topsoil = 0.150
Sand and gravel = 0.165

Bd max. = Transitional trench width from table below

=
5 ft.

Table 13 t

Bd = Max. effective transitional trench width

Bd
Pipe Dia.
6
8
12
16
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60

Pipe Cover = H ( ft. )

5
1.42
1.75
2.5
3
3.42
4.25
4.83
5.42
5.92
6.5
7.08
7.67

6
1.5
1.83
2.58
3.08
3.5
4.33
5.17
5.75
6.33
6.92
7.42
8

7
1.58
1.92
2.75
3.17
3.58
4.5
5.33
6.17
6.67
7.25
7.83
8.42

8
1.67
2
2.83
3.25
3.75
4.58
5.42
6.25
7.08
7.67
8.17
8.75

9
1.75
2
2.92
3.33
3.83
4.67
5.58
6.42
7.25
8.08
8.58
9.08

10
1.75
2.08
3
3.42
3.92
4.83
5.67
6.58
7.42
8.17
9
9.5

15
2.08
2.42
3.33
3.83
4.33
5.25
6.17
7.08
7.92
8.83
9.67
10.5

20
2.33
2.75
3.67
4.25
4.75
5.67
6.67
7.58
8.42
9.33
10.25
11.08

For shallow depths (< 4ft.) use :

wd = H Bc w =
1260.0 lb / lin ft.
Therefore wd =

1260.0 lb / lin ft.

N:\civil\spreadsh\UGPipes\u-g pipe.xls

X
P4

P1

Sum loads

Wheel Loading

P4

From Individual Wheel Loads

Tire Pressure =
Impact Factor = Fi =

80 psi.
1.2
1.5 at surface
1.0 @ H = 5 ft.

Sum loads
at this point
Ref. 2 , 4.7.2.2.2

P3

Ref. 4

Wheel
#
1
2
3
4
5
6

P
( lbs. )
17500
17500
17500
17500

X
( ft. )
0.00
7.00
21.20
20.00
0.00
0.00

A contact
( ft. ^2 )
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
0.00
0.00

P1

r
( ft. )
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.00
0.00

H/r

X/r

3.94
3.94
3.94
3.94
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

0.00
9.19
27.83
26.26
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

P2

Press. Coef.
( C from below)

Top Pipe (

0.087
0.002
0.001
0.001

Total: =
Pressure Coeficient C
C
H/r
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0

0.0
1.000
0.911
0.646
0.424
0.284
0.200
0.146
0.110
0.087
0.057
0.040
0.030
0.023
0.018
0.015

1.0
1.000
0.425
0.350
0.250
0.198
0.145
0.110
0.101
0.081
0.054
0.039
0.029
0.023
0.018
0.015

2.0
0.000
0.010
0.500
0.075
0.075
0.070
0.066
0.060
0.054
0.041
0.032
0.025
0.020
0.016
0.014

Total Wheel Pressure at Top of Pipe =

X/r
3.0
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.012
0.020
0.026
0.029
0.031
0.031
0.028
0.024
0.020
0.017
0.014
0.012

4.0
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.004
0.007
0.010
0.013
0.015
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.012
0.010

5.0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.009

6.0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007

7.0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006

1258.0 lb / ft.^2

Pipe Stresses
Pipe Dia. O.D. =
42
Wall thickness t =
0.50
Pipe Grade =
X65
SMYS = 65000
Pipe Operating Pres. = 1000.0
SMYS design factor F =
0.8

in.
in.

Young's Mod. E = 30000000 psi.

Poisson's Ratio =
0.3
Coef. Thermal Exp. = 0.0000065 per deg F

psi.
psi.

Temp. @ Pipe Installation =

Max./Min. Operating Temp. =

10
170

deg. F
deg. F

Circumferential Stress Due to Earth Load

She = Khe Be Ee lamda D =

3675.0 psi.

Value by Ref 1 (above) =

1260.0 psi.

Use largest Value set She =

3675.0 psi.

Wheel Load Stress

w=

8.74 psi. from above

where:

Khe = soil/pipe stiffness

t / d = 0.011905
Be =
0.28
where H/Bd =
Ee =
1
lamda = unit wt. Soil =
120
D=
42

coef. =

0.857143

4500

(Soil Type B fo

(for trenched constuction)

lb / ft^3
in

where:
Cyclic Circumferential Stress
SHh = KHh GHh R L Fi w
=
89.95 psi.

Cyclic Longitudinal Stress

SLh = KLh GLh R L Fi w
=
58.46 psi.

Internal Pressure Circumferential Stress

Shi = p (D - t ) / 2 t
=
41500 psi.

KHh = circumf. stiffness factor =

12.5
where: t / d = 0.011905
GHh = geometry factor =
GHh
Pipe dia.
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60

3-4
1.45
1.28
1.08
1.12
1.07
1.01
0.96
0.92
0.87
0.85

R = pavement factor =
L = Axle configuration =

Limits of Calculated Stress

0.96

from Fig. 15

H, soil cover
6
1.15
1.05
0.95
0.85
0.8
0.76
0.72
0.69
0.66
0.63

( ft. )
8
0.9
0.85
0.77
0.73
0.68
0.64
0.6
0.55
0.51
0.47

1.10
0.65

KLh = long. Stiffness factor =

1.) Check Pressure Stress using Barlow formula
GLh = geometry factor =
SHi (Barlow) = p D / 2 t
< or = F E T SMYS (natural gas)
< or = F E SMYS (liquids)
where:F = design factor =
E = joint factor =
T = temp. derating =

SHi (Barlow) =
<=
<=

0.8
1.0
1.0

42000 psi
52000 (nat. gas)
52000 (liquids)

Ref. 3
Ref. 2

OK
OK

GLh
Pipe dia.
6
10
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60

3-4
1.55
1.23
1.15
1.1
1.02
0.94
0.86
0.78
0.7
0.62
0.54

10
0.7
0.67
0.63
0.58
0.54
0.5
0.46
0.43
0.41
0.38

0.78

10
where t / d = 0.0119048
from Fig. 17

H, soil cover
6
1.45
1.1
1.02
0.93
0.87
0.8
0.73
0.65
0.58
0.51
0.44

( ft. )
8
1.35
1
0.88
0.83
0.75
0.69
0.63
0.58
0.52
0.46
0.41

2.) Check Total Effective Stress

Seff =SQRT [ 1/2 ( (S1 - S2)^2 + (S2 - S3)^2 + (S3 - S1)^2)] < or = SMYF F
S1 = SHe + SHr + SHi =
45265 psi
S2 = SLr - Es Coef. Thermal Exp. (T2 - T1) + poisons ratio ( SHe + SHi) =
S3 = - P =
-1000.0 psi
S eff =

32555 psi

< or =

52000 psi

44811 psi

OK -- Stress within allowables

References:
1.
2.
3.
4.

)
)
)
)

Concrete Pipe Design Manual ACPA 5th Printing June 1980

API Recommended Practice 1102 Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways 6th Editition 1993
CAN/CSA Z183 - M90
PCA Vertical Pressure on Culverts Under Wheel Loads on Concrete Pavement Slabs

10
1.25
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.57
0.53
0.48
0.44
0.4
0.36
0.32

d
H

Bc

m loads

Ref. 1
Table 13 to 28

(1 of 3)

P1

P1

m loads
this point

P2

Pressure
Top Pipe (lb./ft^2)
1202.7
27.6
13.8
13.8
0.0
0.0
1258.0

Ref. 2
Fig. 3
(set E' = 1.0)
Fig. 4
(Soil Type B for trenches)

ed constuction)
(2 of 3)

Fig. 14
Set Er = 10

Fig. 15

==>

Ref. 2
Table 2
Fig. 16
Set Er = 10

Fig. 17

(3 of 3)