A Study on IPv6 in IPv4 Static Tunneling threat issues in 4G
Networks using OOAD Class and Instance Diagrams.
1
Hanumanthappa.J.,2Dr.Manjaiah.D.H, 3Joshi Vinayak.B.
1
Teacher Fellow,Dos in Computer Science,University of Mysore,Manasagangothri,Mysore,INDIA.
2
Reader and Chairman,Dept of Computer Science,Mangalore University,Mangalagangothri,Mangalore,INDIA.
3
Research Scholar,Dept of Computer Science,MangaloreUniversity,Mangalagangothri,Mangalore,INDIA.
hanums_j@yahoo.com,ylm321@yahoo.co.in,vbjj@rediffmail.com.
Abstract:In this paper we consider the use of recently sanctioned
project “Design Tool of IPv6 Mobility for 4G-
Networks(DTMIPv6)”.It describes one of our major research
project work sponsored by UGC,New Delhi to study how the
IPv6 in IPv4 Static tunneling works in 4G networks,how to avoid
the various threat issues by an IPv6 in IPv4 Static tunneling.One
of the terms used to describe 4G networks is MAGIC-Mobile
Multimedia,AnytimeAnywhere,Global mobility
support,Integrated wireless solution,and Customized personal
service.The main important approach of 4G mobile
communication system is projected to solve still-all the
remaining problems of 3G and to provide a wide variety of
new services,from high-quality voice to high-definition video and
to high-data rate wireless channels.
Keywords:Automatic tunnels,IPv6 in IPv4 Static tunnels,4G
Networks etc.
I.Introduction:
a. Introduction to Tunnels in 4G networks.
Tunnel is a bidirectional point–to-point link between two
network endpoints.The term “tunneling” refers to a means to
encapsulate one version of IP in another so the packets can be
sent over a backbone that does not support the encapsulated IP
version.The various examples of the former include IPX-in-IP
encapsulation[15],IPv6-in-IPv4 encapsulation[12],and other
examples of the latter include IPSec[13] and Virtual private
networks[14].Tunnels are an important part of the IPv4 to
IPv6 transition strategy,and the IPv6 specifications define
many different types of tunnels.Their discovery is essential for
studying the topology and the evolution of the IPv6 network
and is useful for troubleshooting and performance
optimization.Tunnelling consists the encapsulation of the
packets of a network-layer protocol within the packets of a
second protocol,such that the former regards the latter as its
data link layer[19].Because of the flexibility it provides(any
protocol can be transported,including the encapsulating
protocol itself),tunneling is widely used both to expand
networks without having to deploy native infrastructure and to
improve security.Similarly to other network discovery
problems,its importance derives from the need for up-to-date
information about network topology and from the impact that
topology is known to have on crucial aspects of network
behavior such as the dynamics of routing protocols,the
scalability of multicast,the efficacy of denial-of-service counter
measures[15][16]and other aspects of protocol
performance[17].
b. General Working procedure for the operation of Tunnels
An IPv6-in-IPv4 Tunnel T=<A,B>is a point to point link
between two dual stack interfaces A(the tunnel source) and
B(the tunnel destination)or routers.We denote respectively
with A4 and B4 and with A6 and B6 the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
of A and B and we represent bidirectional tunnels as two
tunnels with the same end points in inverted order and thus if a
tunnel T=<A,B>is bidirectional then T1=<B,A>also exists.A
Tunnel operates as follows:When an IPv6 is sent through a
tunnel exists from a node A to B then a source node creates an
IPv4 packet with source addresses A4 and the destination
addresses B4 whose pay load packet is IPv6 packet where as in
GRE or Teredo tunnels no extra headers are added and the
packet is marked as an encapsulating IPv6 packet by setting
the IPv4 protocol field to 41.The IPv6 packet is then sent to B
over the IPv4 network.When the destination workstation
receives the packet it checks the IPv4 source address to predict
whether it belongs to a known tunnel and if so it decapsulates
the packet and processes it smoothly as it had arrived on any
other IPv6 workstation.Suppose if the IPv6 packet is
forwarded then the hop-limit field header is decremented by
1.IPv6 in IPv4 tunnels are also called as single workstation
tunnels i.e they appear to the IPv6 as a single point to point
path which hides the complexity of IPv4 network[12].
Fig.1.The IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel.
The research on IPv6 tunneling can be classified as
follows:
(1)Research on basic IPv6 Tunneling mechanisms:A
number of different tunneling mechanisms(e.g.Automatic
tunneling,Manually Configured tunneling,6–to-4 Tunnel
broker,Automatic 6 to 4 tunnel,Automatic 4 to 6
Tunnel,IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnel etc)have been
proposed for varied tunneling requirements.These
tunneling mechanisms provide tools for the whole
transition process.Data is carried through the tunnel using
a process called encapsulation in which IPv6 packet is
carried inside an IPv4 packet which makes IPv4 as a Data
Link layer with respect to IPv6 packet transport.The term
tunneling refers to a means to encapsulate one version of
IP in another so the packets can be sent over a backbone
that does not support the encapsulated IP version.It is
process by which information from one protocol is
 encapsulated inside the packet of protocol
architecture,thus enabling the original data to be carried
over the second protocol.This mechanism can be used
when two nodes that use same protocol wants to
communicate over a network that uses another network
protocol.The tunneling process involves three
steps:encapsulation,decapsulation,and tunnel
management.It also requires two tunnel end-points,which
in general case are dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 nodes,to handle
the encapsulation and decapsulation.Tunneling is one of
the key deployment strategies for both service providers
and enterprises during the period of IPv4 and IPv6
coexistence.
Tunneling allows service providers to offer an end-to-end
IPv6 service without major upgrades to the infrastructure
and without impacting current IPv4 services.Tunneling
allows enterprises to interconnect isolated IPv6 domains
over their existing IPv4 infrastructures,or to connect to
remote IPv6 networks such as the 6bone.The IETF has
made a great contribution on this topic.
(2)Research on analyzing the typical tunneling
scenarios and how to provide relevant tunneling
schemes:As there are a variety of different scenarios
during IPv6 tunneling the typical scenarios need to be
emphasized about IPv6 deployment and applying suitable
transition mechanisms.
This paper presents a comprehensive explanation about the
current status of research on IPv6 in IPv4 Static Tunneling
mechanisms with Automatic 6 to 4 Tunneling.This paper is
organized as follows:We briefly described Introduction to
tunnels in 4G networks,Preliminary Definitions of
Tunneling Techniques,General Working procedure for the
operation of Tunnels,Research on IPv6 tunneling issues in
Section 2.We described,4G and IPv6 networks,desirable
characteristics of 4G networks,the characteristics of IPv6
4G,Initiatives on the 4G in section 3.Basic IPv6 Tunneling
Mechanisms,Role of IPv6 tunnels in 4G,Types of tunneling
in 4G networks,representation of IPv6 Tunneling types in
4G Networks with Class-Diagrams and Instance Diagrams
and a Static tunneling in 4G networks,limitations of IPv6
static tunneling.in section 4.The prototype,threat analysis
due to transition mechanism,IPv6 tunneling,IPv6
threats,Security issues in IPv6 tunneling has explained in
section 5,The future innovative challenges of IPv6 threats
has covered in section 6.Finally we concluded the whole
paper in section 7.
I. IPv6 Tunneling Methods in 4G networks.
This section presents a number of tunneling techniques we
have studied and analyzed to tackle the tunneling
mechanisms/strategies.Depending on their objective tunneling
types are broadly divided into different types depending upon
the IPv6 specifications.The IPv6 specification defines several
types of IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels,including Manually configured
tunneling,Automatic tunneling,Generic routing encapsulation
(GRE), Semiautomatic tunneling mechanisms such as tunnel
brokers,6-to-4[12],ISATAP[13]and Teredo[14].IPv6 also
supports for GRE tunnels over IPv4,our results suggest that
tunnels are very common in the today’s internet and the
transition to IPv6 occurs smoothly and slowly.So tunnels to
continue to play an important role in IPv6 networks,as IPv4
network infrastructure will remain widely deployed for many
years.
a.Types of Tunneling in 4G Networks.
Tunneling techniques are broadly divided into two types,first
one is an automatic tunneling and second one is configuration
tunneling.The tunneling technique we can use the compatible
addresses discussed as shown in the below figure-6.A
compatible address is an address of 96 bits of zero followed by
32 bits of IPv4 address.It is used when a computer using IPv6
wants to send a message to another computer using
IPv6.However suppose the packet passes through a region
where the networks are still using IPv4.The sender must use
the IPv4-compatible address to facilitate the passage of the
packet through the IPv4 region.For example the IPv4 address
2.13.17.14 becomes 0::020D:110E.The IPv4 is pre pended
with 96 zeros to create a 128–bit address(See figure-3)[10].
Fig3.The IPv6 Compatible Address.
b.Representation of IPv6 Tunneling types in 4G Networks
with Class-Diagrams and Instance Diagrams.
Fig 4.The Tunneling types with Class-Diagram.
As we know that tunneling types are broadly divided into
Automatic,Manually configured tunneling,GRE
tunneling,Tunnel brokers etc.In Fig.4.we have represented the
tunneling types by using Class-Diagrams.A Class digram is a
type of Object diagram.A Class diagram is a
Schema,pattern,or template for describing many possible
instances of data.A Class diagram describes Classes[16].A
Class diagram represents either bidirectional or ternary
relationship.In Fig.4.a Class Diagram may be traversed either
from Left to Right or from Right to Left.In the Fig.4.5+
represents the value of multiplicity(Multiplicity specifies how
many instances of one class may relate to a single instance of
an associated class.Or Multiplicity constrains the number of
related objects.) i.e.IPv6 Tunneling has broadly divided into
more than 5 types.A Solid ball is the OMT symbol for “many”
meaning zero or more.A hollow ball indicates “optional”
meaning zero or more[16].has-divided represents the Binary
association between IPv6-Tunneling and Tunneling
type.Instance Diagram is also another type of Object diagram
which represents objects or instances.The Fig.5.specifies an
Instance diagram for Tunneling types[16][17][18].The lines
between the objects or instances represents the links[16][17].

Fig.5.The Tunneling types with Instance-Diagram.
d. Static Tunneling in 4G Networks.
Static tunneling is also called as Configured tunneling.Static
tunneling can be used to link isolated islands of IPv6, in which
the network domains are well known and unlikely to change
without notice.A static configured tunneling is equal to a
permanent link of two IPv6 domains with the permanent
connectivity provided over an IPv4 backbone.Static tunneling
assigned IPv4 addresses are manually configured to the tunnel
source and the tunnel destination.The identification of which
packets has to send through a tunnel via a routing table in the
tunnel end points,the table direct packets based on their
destination address using prefix mask and match technique.In
a static tunneling the host or router at each end of a static
configured tunnel must support both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol
stacks.The static tunneling in 4G networks was most
preferred when the necessary of a few tunnels to forward a
packets from source host to the destination host via tunnel end
points.The below figure-6.shows the IPv6 static tunneling in
4G networks.The requirements of IPv6 Static tunneling are
R1,R2 are dual stack.R1 has a reachable address from R2 and
vice versa.In IPv6 static tunneling static configuration is
possible on both the ends.The IPv6 static tunneling has
dependency on the 4 pararmeters like IPv6,IPv4,R1,R2.
Fig.6.IPv6 Static tunneling in 4G networks.
The below Table-1 shows the configuration of IPv6 Static tunneling in 4G
networks.
Configuration Parameter Router R2 Router R1
IPv6 Source address 3ffe:b00:1:1:: 3ffe:b00:1:1::2
1 threats in tunneling mechanisms,take IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel
IPV6 Destination 3ffe:b00:1:1:: 3ffe:b00:1:1:1
address 2 the attackers in an IPv4 networks.(Refer-Fig.7).As shown in
IPv4 Source address 192.0.2.1 192.0.3.1
IPv4 Destination address 192.0.3.1 192.0.2.1
4.4.1.Limitations of IPv6 static tunneling.
 Manual configuration is not manageable,if
the number of tunnels are increasing.
 If the IP addresses change,then changes in
manual configuration is also possible.
 IP protocol 41 might be filtered in the path.
 Does not traverse NAT.
IV.Related Work.
a.Threat Analysis due to Transition Mechanisms.
Threat modeling (or analysis) is essential in order to help us to
develop a security model than can focus or protecting against
certain threats and manage the related assumptions. One
methodology to discover and list all possible security attacks
against a system is known as attack trees.To create an attack
tree we represent attacks against a system in a tree structure,
the attack goals as root nodes and the different sub goals
necessary to achieve them as their leaf nodes.Figure-7
represents the general threat categories we have identified
against network convergence architectures namely attack on
the network processes are responsible for IPv6 transition,Dual
stack,Automatic tunneling and Configuration tunneling
threats.Dual Stack threats are totally different from the IPv6
Tunneling techniques like an automatic tunneling and
Configuration tunneling,manually configured tunneling,Static
tunneling etc.As we have discussed there are large number of
transition mechanisms to deploy IPv6 but broadly be
categorized into,Dual Stack,Tunneling(Automatic,Manual
Configuration),and Translation Header.The problems are
identified when IPv6 is tunneled over IPv4 encapsulated in
UDP as UDP is usually allowed to pass through NATS and
Firewalls [59].Consequently allowing an attacker to punch
holes with in the security infrastructure.The First and Second
authors of this paper recommends that if the necessary security
measures cannot be taken ,tunneled traffic should be used with
caution if not completely blocked.To provide ingress and
egress filtering of known IPv6 tunneled traffic, perimeter
firewalls should block all inbound and outbound IPv4 protocol
41 traffic.For circumstances where Protocol 41 is not blocked
it can easily be detected and monitored by the open-source
IPv4 IDS Snort.During the development of the IP6-to-IPv4
threat model we have identified that several attacks lead to
other attacks which we have previously included and
analyzed.These are represented in the tree as identical nodes in
different locations.
b. IPv6-Tunneling-IPv6 Threats.
In Tunneling based methods,when a tunnel end point receives
an encapsulated data packet,it decapsulates the packet and
sends it to the other local forwarding scheme.The security
are mostly caused by the spoofed encapsulated packet sent by
Fig.7.the target of attacks can be either a normal IPv6 node, or
the tunnel end point.
Fig.9.Spoofing in an IPv4 with 6 to 4.
Fig.7.Security issues of various tunneling types.
c.The Security issues in IPv6 tunneling are as follows.
1. The hard to trace back :
Case-1:IPv4 networking node can make an attack on IPv6
node(network):The attackers(hackers) in IPv4 networks can
make an attack on the IPv6 nodes through the 6to4
router(tunnel)end point by forwarding a spoofed encapsulated
messages(Packets).Therefore here in this situation it is very
difficult to trace back.
Case-2:IPv6 networking node can make an attack on IPv6
network (node):In this type the hacker in IPv6 networks can
make an attack on the IPv6 network through 6-to4 relay end
point and 6-to4 router by sending a spoofed encapsulated
packets.In this case also its very difficult to trace back.(Refer
Fig-7)
2. Potential reflect- DoS attack on Destination Host
(Refer-Fig-7):The hackers in the IPv4 networks can make a
reflect–DoS attack to a normal IPv6 network (node) through
the 6-to-4 router (tunnel) end point by sending the
encapsulated packets with the spoofed IPv6 source address as
the specific IPv6 node.
3. Cheat by a Hacker with the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
(ND) message:Whenever IPv4 network is treated as the link
layer in tunneling technology,the hackers in the IPv4 networks
can cheat and DoS attack the tunnel end point by sending
encapsulated IPv6 neighbor discovery (ND)messages with a
spoofed IPv6 link local address.The automatic tunneling
techniques like 6-to 4 and Teredo get the information of
remote tunnel end point from the certain IPv6 packets.
Distributed Reflection DoS:This type of attack can be
performed if the very large number of nodes whenever
involved in the sending spoofed traffic with same source IPv6
addresses.
1. If the Destination host generates replies by using TCP
SYN ACK,TCP RST,ICMPv6 Echo reply,ICMPv6
Destination unreachable etc):In this case of attack the
victim host is used as a reflector for attacking another
victim connected to the network by using a spoofed
source(Refer Fig-7).
2. Spoofing in IPv4 with 6 to 4:In this type of attack 6 to 4
tunneling spoofed traffic can be injected from IPv4 into
IPv6.The IPv4 spoofed address acts like an IPv4 source,6 to 4
relay any cast (192.88.99.1)acts like an IPv4 destination.The
2002::spoofed source address acts like an IPv4 destination.
[Refer-Fig-9]
7.Theft of Service:During the IPv6 transition period, many
sites will use IPv6 tunnels over IPv4 infrastructure. Sometimes
we will use static or automatic tunnels.The 6 to 4 relay
administrators will often want to use some policy limit the use
of the relay to specific 6 to 4 sites or specific IPv6
sites.However some users may be able to use the service
regardless of these controls by configuring the address of the
relay using its IPv4 address instead of 192.88.99.1 or using the
router header to route the IPv6 packets to reach specific 6 to 4
relays.
8.Attack with IPv4 broadcast address:In the 6 to 4
mechanisms,some packets with the destination addresses
spoofed and mapped to their broadcast addresses of the 6to4
or relay routers are sent to the target routers by the attackers in
the IPv6 network.In this case also 6 to 4 or relay routers are
attacked by the broadcast addresses.
The security issues in tunneling mechanisms can generally
limited by investigating the validness of the source/destination
address at each tunnel end point.Usually in tunneling
techniques it is easier to avoid ingress filtering
checks.Sometime it is possible to send packets having link-
local addresses and hop-limit=255,which can be used to attack
subnet hosts from the remote node,but it is very difficult to
deal with attacks with legal IP addresses now[26].Since the
tunnel end points of configuration tunnels are fixed,so IPSec
can be used to avoid spoofed attacks[29].IPv6 Security issues
even though it has provided lot off features but its known that
automatic tunneling are dangerous as other end points are
unspecified because it’s very difficult to prevent automatic
tunneling mechanisms DoS/reflect-DoS attacks by the
attackers in IPv4 network.
V.Simulation and Results.
The following are the assumptions made in the ns-2 simulation
model.It consists of IPv6 automatic tunneling ,IPv6 manually
configured tunneling,GRE tunneling,Tunnel broker etc.The
Graph shown In figure-10 is the combined graph of number of
threats v/s tunneling types.we can observe that if we are using
static tunneling then number of threats were very
small,otherwise if we are preferring Automatic tunneling or
manually configured tunneling then threats also increases.So
this paper shows how static tunneling is a best technique to
avoid threat issues.The Static tunneling reduces the number of
threats as compared to other IPv6 tunneling types etc.Hence
more number of threats to be avoided by using a static IPv6 to
IPv4 tunneling.The below figure-10 shows the graph of IPv6
threat v/s static tunneling in IPv6.
Fig.10.Threat V/s Tunneling types.
VI.The Current and future Innovative research
challenges of IPv6 threat issues for Researchers.
This paper has not considered the overall threat review of IPv6
for all the aspects like,IPv6 Static tunneling
mechanisms,which is a large and complex topic.To provide a
complete overview of IPv6 security this paper should be in
conjunction with the IPv6 to IPv4 threat review with IPv6
Static and Automatic tunneling considerations.The most
important area to move forward with in IPv6 security is the
extension of current IPv6 Firewalls and Network tools to test
them(IPv6 packet constructors,IDS’s and so on).This will
allow more users to adopt IPv6 without being paranoid about
their openness to attack.
Before formulating analysis,we have proposed(formulated)
several innovative research challenges.Presently there have
been plenty of studies done on the research about basic
security issues of IPv6, threat issues of IPv6,however there are
still so many problems not yet resolved yet,calling for great
challenges ahead.The innovative research challenges of IPv6 References
threat issues are as follows. [1].Dr.Manjaiah.D.H.,Hanumanthappa.J,2009,:IPv6 and IPv4 Threat reviews
1.Notion of the system identification within an with Automatic Tunneling and Configuration Tunneling Considerations
Transitional Model:A Case Study for University of Mysore
organization:With the advent of privacy extensions and the Network,International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
size of IPv6 ranges in use,identifying systems within an (IJCSIS),Vol-3,Number-01,July-2009.
organization and in particular identifying mis behaving. [2].Dr.Manjaiah.D.H.,Hanumanthappa.J,2008,:A Study on Comparison and
2.Transition mechanisms from IPv4 to IPv6:The current Contrast between IPv4 and IPv6 Feature sets.,Proceedings of
ICCNS’08,2008,Pune.,pp.297-302.
research on the basic transition mechanisms mostly focus on [3].Dr.Manjaiah.D.H.,Hanumanthappa.J.2008,:Transition of IPv4 Network
the situation of IPv6 over IPv4.Due to advanced deployment Applications to IPv6 Applications,Proceedings of ICETiC-09,
of IPv6,the IPv4 networks may also be separated by IPv6 2009,S.P.G.C.Nagar,VirudhaNagar-626001,TamilNadu,INDIA.,pp.35-40.
ones.We are using only few kinds of method in this situation [4].Dr.Manjaiah.D.H.,Hanumanthappa.J.2009,:IPv6 over Bluetooth:Security
Aspects,Issues and its Challenges,Proceedings of NCWNT-09,2009,Nitte-574
like IPv4 configuration tunnel and DSTM,more research on 110,Karnataka,INDIA.,pp.18-22.
IPv4 over IPv6 transition methods is necessary. [5].Dr.Manjaiah.D.H.,Hanumanthappa.J.2009,:Economical and Technical costs
3.Increased dependence on multicast addresses in IPv6 could for the Transition of IPv4–to-IPv6 Mechanisms[ETCTIPv4 to
have some interesting implications with flooding attacks.For ETCTIPv6],Proceedings of NCWNT-09,2009,Nitte-
574110,Karnataka,INDA.,pp.12-17.
example all routers and NTP servers have site specific [6].Dr.Manjaiah.D.H.Hanumanthappa.J.2009,:An Overview of Study on
multicast addresses.Can we use site specific multicast Smooth Porting process scenario during IPv6 Transition(TIPv6),Proceedings of
addresses to create an amplification attacks as similar as to the IEEE IACC-09,2009,Patiala,Punjab,INDIA-6-7,March-2009.,pp.2217-2222.
smurf attacks in IPv4 4.We know that neighbor discovery is a [7].Dr.Manjaiah.D.H.Hanumanthappa.J.2009,:IPv6 over IPv4 QoS metrics in
4G–Networks:Delay,Jitter,Packet Loss Performance,Throughput and Tunnel
new addition to the IPv6 to replace ARP and RARP of IPv4 Discovery mechanisms.Proceedings of NCOWN-2009,RLJIT,Doddaballapur,
and also it is an essential component of a well-run IPv6 Bangalore,Karnataka,INDIA,August-21-22-pp.122-137.
network it should be tested from a security point like a [8].S.Deering and R.Hinden,:“Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)
Specification”,RFC 2460,December 1998.
neighbor-discovery cache fall victim to a resource starvation
[9].S.Tanenbaum,“Computer Networks”,Third Edition,Prentice Hall
attack in any of the currently deployed neighbor discovery Inc.,1996,pp.686,413-436,437-449.
implementations.Can the CPU of a device be exhausted by [10].Behrouz A.Forouzan,Third Edition,:“TCP/IP Protocol Suite”.
processing information of IPv6 neighbor discovery? [11].Atul Kahate,“Cryptography and Network Security“,Tata McGraw-
5.IPv6 is new and security information on the protocol is not Hill,2003,pp-8-10.
widespread,it is the opinion of all the authors that a large [12].R.Gilligan and E.Nordmark ,”Transition mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and
number of dual stack hosts may be more exposed to attack Routers”,RFC 2893,Aug 2000.
with IPv6 than in IPv4.6.With a new IPv6 header [13].R.Woodburn and D.Miills,”RFC1241:Scheme for an Internet
configuration, new extension headers, and ICMP message encapsulation protocol:Version 1”,July 1991.
types there may be a several novel ways to deal with flooding [14].R.Atkinson and S.Kent,”Security architecture for the internet
protocol”,RFC 2401,Nov.1998.
attacks.
[15].D.Provan,”RFC1234:Tunneling IPX traffic through IP networks”,June
7.Scenario Analysis:Typical Scenario analysis is still in 1991.
progress. Some of them are in draft mode, such as enterprise [16].Ali bahrami,”Object Oriented systems development using UML”,Mc-
network analysis along with this other possible scenarios Graw-Hill Intl editions,1999.
[17].James Rumbaugh,Michael Blaha,William Premeralini,”Object-Oriented
should also be analyzed to support for next coming future
Modeling and Design”,PHI,2001.
wireless technologies.
[18].Grady Booch,:Object oriented Design.
Conclusion.
M r.Hanumanthappa.J. is Lecturer at the DoS in
In this paper,we presented DTMIPv6 a Design tool for mobile CS,University of Mysore,Manasagangothri,Mysore-06
IPv6 to support IPv6 tunneling,IPv6 to IPv4 Static tunneling , and currently pursuing Ph.D in Computer Science and
Mobile IPv6 etc.Motion behind DTMIPv6 stems from the fact Engineering, from Mangalore University under the supervision of
Dr.Manjaiah.D.H on entitled “Design and Implementation of IPv4–to- IPv6 Transition
that how mobility,tunneling, threats issues,as well as security
Scenarios for 4G-Networks”.
plays an important role in 4G networks.We demonstrated how
DTMIPv6 can address several issues for the future networking
,research(innovation)and how it cope with complexity and
dynamic intrinsic to future environments.As for as we know Dr. Manjaiah.D.H is currently Reader and Chairman, Department
DTMIPv6 is also a system tool that offers mobility support of Computer Science Mangalore University, Mangalore. He received
PhD degree from University of Mangalore, M.Tech. From NITK, Surathkal and B.E.,
like other tools named such as proton for 4G mobile users.We from Mysore University. Dr.Manjaiah D.H has an extensive academic, Industry and
have also demonstrated concepts from IPv6 in IPv4 static Research experience. He has worked at many technical bodies like IAENG, WASET,
tunneling,threats issues,and its security issues to avoid threats ISOC, CSI, ISTE, and ACS. He has authored more than - 45 research papers in
can be applied to the design of novel solutions that brings us international conferences and reputed journals. He is the recipient of the several talks for
his area of interest in many public occasions and International and National conferences.
one more threat model and security model in open networking He is an expert committee member of an AICTE and various technical bodies. Dr
challenges.This project consolidates the idea of building a .Manjaiah. D.H’s areas interest are Computer Networking & Sensor Networks, Mobile
threat issues for IPv6 in IPv4 static tunneling. Communication, Operations Research, E-commerce, Internet Technology and Web
Programming.