Essentials of Pharmacology Exam #1 study guide!

Fall 2014!
Bruce Mitchell, TA!

You are responsible for everything covered in class and assigned, this!
guide is intended as a study aid.!

Topics/drugs to know!
Contraindications for immunizations!
What is fluid restriction? How is this different from NPO?!
Review:Beers Criteria and The legal and clinical implications of crushing tablet!
medication!
Needle stick risks: Accidental injection of blood-borne viruses is the major hazard of!
needlestick injuries, especially the viruses that cause AIDS(the HIV virus), hepatitis B,!
and hepatitis C.The risk of infection after exposure to infected blood varies by!
bloodborne pathogen. The risk of transmission after exposure to HIV-infected blood is!
about 0.3%, whereas it is estimated to be up to 100 times greater for hepatitis B virus!
(30%) and could be as high as 10% for hepatitis C virus.!
What do you do if you get a needle stick? If you experienced a needlestick or sharps!
injury or were exposed to the blood or other body fluid of a patient during the course!
of your work, immediately follow these steps:!
I. Wash needlesticks and cuts with soap and water!
II. Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin with water!
III. Irrigate eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile irrigants!
IV. Report the incident to your supervisor!
V. Immediately seek medical treatment!
Needle sticks: Which diseases are we worried about and what can we do if we get a!

needle stick?!
Abbreviations: BID, TID, QD, QID, STAT, NPO, AU, OS, SL, AC...!
Joint Commissions Do Not Use abbreviations...!
Bronchodilators!
Beta-andrenergic agonist!
Anticholinergics:!
Leukotriene receptor antagonist: Leukotrienes are produced in response to allergens!
and cause inflammation, bronchial constriction, and mucous.!
Corticosteroids!
Proton pump inhibitors!
Sucralfate!
Simethicone!
H2 Receptor antagonist!
Allergic reaction!
Mutagenic effect!
Idiosyncratic effect!
Teratogenic effect!
Palliative!
Reconstitution: diluent, Displacement value!
Practice problems!
1. A client is ordered 35 milligrams of Codeine phosphate by subcutaneous injection.!
50 milligrams in 1 millilitre of liquid for SC Injection is available. How many!
millilitres will you administer?!

2. A client is ordered 50 milligrams of Amoxicillin trihydrate orally. 125 milligrams in 5!

millilitres of Syrup is available. How many millilitres will you administer?!
3. A client is ordered 30 milligrams of Frusemide intravenously. 10 milligrams in 1!
millilitre of liquid for IV Injection is available. How many millilitres will you!
administer?!
4. A client is ordered 20 milligrams of Haloperidol decanoate by intramuscular!
injection. 50 milligrams in 1 millilitre of liquid for IM Injection is available. How!
many millilitres will you administer?!
5. A client is ordered 50 milligrams of Aminophylline intravenously. 250 milligrams in!
10 millilitres of liquid for IV Injection is available. How many millilitres will you!
administer?!
6. A client is ordered 2.5 milligrams of Promethazine hydrochloride orally. 5 milligrams!
in 5 millilitres of elixir is available. How many millilitres will you administer?!
7. Convert 93074 milligrams to grams!
8. Convert 64343 millilitres to litres!
9. Convert 97.196 micrograms to milligrams!
10. Convert 0.056244 milligrams to micrograms!
11. Convert 9.707 litres to millilitres.!
12. Convert 14.805 micrograms to milligrams.!
13. A client is ordered 50 milligrams of Amitriptyline. 25 milligram tablets are available.!
How many tablets will you give?!
14. A client is ordered 37.5 milligrams of Dothiepin. 75 milligram tablets are available.!
How many tablets will you give?!

15. A client is ordered 37.5 milligrams of Nortriptyline. 25 milligram tablets are!

available. How many tablets will you give?!
16. Order- 520 mg of a medication in a 24 hour period. The drug is ordered every 6!
hours. How many milligrams will be given for each dose?!
17. A safe maintenance dose of aminophylline is 0.36 mg/kg/hour. It is supplied as 100!
mg/100 mL. Your patient is 130 pounds and is receiving 20 mL/hour. Is the dose!
safe?!
18. You are providing home care for a patient who needs 15 mL of magnesium!
hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide (Maalox) PO. She has only standard measuring!
spoons in the house. How do you instruct her to take her dose?