2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

1/23

Example: An op-amp
circuit analysis
Lets determine the output voltage vout (t) of the circuit below:

vin (t)

R2 =3K

R1 = 1K

ideal

I=2 mA

vout (t)

R3 =1K

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

2/23

Without this step, your answer (and

thus your grade) mean nothing
The first step in EVERY circuit analysis problem is to label all currents and voltages:

vin

i1

R1 = 1K

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v
I=2 mA

i+

v+

ideal

vout

v3

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
i3

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

3/23

The search for a template

Q: I looked and looked at the notes, and I even looked at the book, but I cant

seem to find the right equation for this configuration!

A: Thats because the right equation for this circuit does not existat least
yet.
Its up to you to use your knowledge and your skills to determine the right
equation for the output voltage vout !

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

4/23

You have the tools to determine this

yourselfno need to find a template!
Q: OK, lets see; the output voltage is:

vout = ????

Im stuck. Just how do I determine the output voltage?

A: Open up your circuit analysis tool box. Note it consists of three tools and
three tools only:
Tool 1: KCL
Tool 2: KVL
Tool 3: Device equations (e.g., Ohms Law and the virtual short).
Lets use these tools to determine the right equation!
First, lets apply KCL (Im quite partial to KCL).

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

5/23

The first KCL

Note there are two nodes in this circuit. The KCL for the first node is:

vin

i1

i1 = i2 + i + I

R2 =3K

i2

R1 = 1K

+ v2

+ v1

i
I=2 mA

v
i+

v+

ideal

vout

v3

R3 =1K
i3

Note the potential of this node (with respect to ground) is that of the inverting
op-amp terminal (i.e., v ).
Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

6/23

The second KCL

The KCL of the second node is:

vin

i1

I = i+ + i3

R1 = 1K

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v
I=2 mA

i+

v+

ideal

vout

v3

R3 =1K
i3

Note the potential of this node (with respect to ground) is that of the noninverting op-amp terminal (i.e., v + ).
Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

7/23

The first KVL

Now for our second toolKVL.
We can conclude:

vin

vin v1 = v
i1

v1 = vin v

R1 = 1K

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v
I=2 mA

i+

v+

ideal

vout

v3

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
i3

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

8/23

The second KVL

And also:

v v2 = vout

vin

i1

v2 = v vout

R1 = 1K

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v
I=2 mA

i+

v+

ideal

vout

v3

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
i3

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

9/23

The third KVL

And likewise:

v + v3 = 0

vin

i1

v3 = v +

R1 = 1K

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v
I=2 mA

i+

v+

ideal

vout

v3

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
i3

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

10/23

There are seven device equations

Finally, we add in the device equations.
Note in this circuit there are three resistors, a current source, and an op-amp
From Ohms Law we know:

i1 =

v1
R1

i2 =

v2
R2

i3 =

v3
R3

And from the current source:

I =2

And from the op-amp, three equations!

i = 0

Jim Stiles

i+ = 0

v = v+

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

11/23

12 equations and 12 unknowns!

Q: Yikes! Two KCL equations, three KVL equations, and seven device

equationstogether we have twelve equations. Do we really need all these?

A: Absolutely! These 12 equations completely describe the circuit. There are

each independent; without any one of them, we could not determine vout !
To prove this, just count up the number of variables in these equations:
We have six currents:

And six voltages:

i1 , i2 , i3 , i+ , i , I

v1 ,v2 ,v3,v + ,v ,vout

Together we have 12 unknownswhich works out well, since we have 12
equations!
Thus, the only task remaining is to solve this algebra problem!

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

12/23

Dont ask the calculator

to figure this out!
Q: OK, heres where I take out my trusty programmable calculator,

type in the equations, and let it tell me the answer!

A: Nope. I will not be at all impressed with such results (and your grade will
reflect this!).
Instead, put together the equations in a way that makes complete physical
sensejust one step at a time.

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

13/23

i3 = 2 mA
First, we take the two device equations:

i+ = 0

I =2

and

And from the second KCL equation:

I = i+ + i3

i1 R1 = 1K

vin

2 = 0 + i3

i3 = 2

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v
I=2 mA

v+

ideal

vout

v3

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
2
The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

14/23

So v3 = 2.0 V
Now that we know the current through R3 , we can determine the voltage across

it (um, using Ohms law).

v3 = i3R3 = 2 (1 ) = 2
vin

i1

R1 = 1K

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v
I=2 mA

v+

ideal

vout

+
2

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
2

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

15/23

Thus v- = 2.0 V
Thus, we can now determine both v + (from a KVL equation) and v (from a device
equation):

v + = v3 = 2

vin

i1

v = v+ = 2

and

R1 = 1K

R2 =3K

i2

+ v2

+ v1

v =2

I=2 mA

v + =2

ideal

vout

+
2

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
2

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

16/23

And now i1 =i2 +2

Now, inserting another device equation:

i = 0
into the first KCL equation:

i1 = i2 + i + I

vin

i1 = i2 + 0 + 2

i2 + 2 R = 1K
1

i2

i1 = i2 + 2

R2 =3K
+ v2

+ v1

v =2

I=2 mA

v + =2

ideal

vout

+
2

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
2

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

17/23

So that v2 = 2- vout
From KVL we find:

and:

v1 = vin v

v1 = vin 0

v2 = v vout

vin

v1 = vin

v2 = 2 vout

i2 + 2 R = 1K
1

i2

R2 =3K

+ (vin 2 )

+ (2vout )
0

v =2

I=2 mA

v + =2

ideal

vout

+
2

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
2
The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

18/23

Now we can find vout

So, from Ohms law (one of those device equations!), we find:

i1 =

v1
R1

i2 + 2 =

and:

i2 =

v2
R2

vin 2

i2 =

i2 = vin 4

2 vout
3

Equating these last two results:

vin 4 =

Jim Stiles

2 vout
3

vout = 14 3vin

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

19/23

The right equation !

Thus, we have at last arrived at the result:

vout = 14 3vin

vin

vin 2 R = 1K
1

vin 4

+ (vin 2 )

R2 =3K
+ (3vin 12 )

v =2

I=2 mA

v + =2

ideal

vout = 14 3vin

+
2

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
2

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

20/23

An alternative: superposition
Note an alternative method for determining this result is the application of
superposition.
First we turn off the current source (e.g., I = 0 )note that this is an open
circuit!!!!!!!!

vin

R2 =3K

R1 = 1K

ideal

I=0

vout

R3 =1K

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

21/23

Its just an inverting amp

Note this is the same configuration as that of an inverting amplifier!
Thus, we can quickly determine (since we already know!) that:

vout =

vin

R2
3
vin = vin = 3vin
1
R1

R2 =3K

R1 = 1K

ideal

vout = 3vin

R3 =1K

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

22/23

See if you can prove this result!

Likewise, if we instead set the input source to zero (vin = 0 ground potential!),
we will find that the output voltage is 14 volts (with respect to ground):

R2 =3K

R1 = 1K

ideal

I=2 mA

vout = 14

R3 =1K

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/21/2011

Example An op amp circuit analysis lecture

23/23

Look; the answer is the same!

From superposition, we conclude that the output voltage is the sum of these two
results:
vout = 14 3vin
The same result as before!

vin

vin 2 R = 1K
1

vin 4

+ (vin 2 )

R2 =3K
+ (3vin 12 )

v =2

I=2 mA

v + =2

ideal

vout = 14 3vin

+
2

Jim Stiles

R3 =1K
2

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS