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This paper describes the development of 3-dimensional finite element modeling for different types of endplate steel connections. A general purpose ABAQUS software package was used to simulate the
connection rotational behavior. The numerical model took into account material nonlinearity, geometrical
nonlinearity, initial imperfection and the pretension force in the bolts. The finite element models are
adjusted, compared and validated with the experimental results until reliable and robust models are
achieved. The numerical results were calibrated with experimental results ''briefly reviewed in this paper''
and verified that the numerical model can simulate and analyze the overall and detailed behavior of
different types of end-plate connections. Parametric study was carried out to investigate the rotational
behavior with variations in: bolt diameter, end-plate thickness, length of column stiffener, angle of rib
stiffener. Through the parametric study, the results are analyzed on the basis of the global moment
rotation curves. The main parameters observed are the failure modes, the evolution of the resistance, the
stiffness and the rotation capacity. The rotational behavior of the end-plate connection has been discussed
in detail, and a recommendation for the design purpose has been made.
Keywords: Extended end-plate, End-plate connection, Moment rotation, End-plate stiffener, Finite element
analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Extended end-plate connections are widely used in steel
structures as moment resistance connections and as an
alternative to fully welded ones that has been considered
for use in steel frames. These connections consist of
end-plate welded to the end of beam and field bolted to
the connecting column (Fig.1). The behaviors of endplate connections significantly influence the internal
Corresponding
author
kshfahmy@link.net
Connection
type
Bolt
diameter
(mm)
20
Number of
bolts
Flush
End-plate
thickness
(mm)
20
SC01
Column
stiffener
SC02
Extended
20
20
Yes
Yes
SC03
Extended
20
20
Yes
No
SC04
Extended
20
20
No
Yes
SC05
Extended
25
20
Yes
Yes
SC06
Extended
20
24
Yes
Yes
SC07
Extended
25
24
Yes
Yes
SC08
Extended
16
20
Yes
Yes
Yes
End-plate
stiffener
No
Beam
Column
Section
depth
300
300
Web
thickness
8
8
Flange
width
200
250
Flange
thickness
12
12
Measured Yield
Stress (MPa)
391
Measured Tensile
Strength (MPa)
559
Measured Elastic
Modulus (MPa)
190707
363
573
204228
995
975
1160
1188
204228
204288
185
251
(a) Contact between the end-plate (b) Tie constraint between the
and column flange
bolt head/nut to the beam/column
Figure 1 Contacts in end-plate connection
Where:
s and s are the measured nominal stress and strain
values, respectively.
sy yield strain
sh strain hardening
sufailure strain
Validation of themodel
Validation of the presented model was tested by the
comparison between the numerical results and the
Table 2 Comparison of moment capcityies and initial stiffness between FEA nad tests.
Specimen Number
SC01
SC02
SC03
SC04
SC05
SC06
SC07
SC08
Test
[kN.m]
186.4
343.7
308.3
307.9
322.1
390.3
410.8
355.4
SC01
FEM.M
[kN.m]
205.40
343.8
290.0
283.2
382.9
391.9
375.0
343.2
Test
Test Sj.ini /
[kN.m/rad]
23544
52276
49093
51535
46094
46066
47469
41634
FEM Sj.ini
/[kN.m/rad]
20008
51253
45503
47352
46090
46061
47462
38819
FEM
SC02
Test
FEM
SC03
Test
FEM
SC04
Test
FEM
Rot. capacity
(rad) Test
.043
.07
.067
.05
.043
.108
.073
.101
Rot.
Cap.
(rad) FEM.
.058
.063
.0522
.085
.067
.096
.052
.093
SC05
Test
FEM
SC06
Test
FEM
SC07
Test
FEM
SC08
Test
FEM
= 30
= 45
tep = 25 mm
dbolt = 27 mm
hstiff = 0. 5(ht-2tf)
= 60
No col. Stiff.
No rib. Stiff.
plateconnections. Basing on
ranges of extended end-plateconnections.
common practical details, table [7] and (Fig.9)show the
different parameters selected for FE analysis. Only one
variable was changed at one group so asto assess its
effect clearly.
early. They are considered to be the most
influential factors for the connections.
About 144 models were developed and 288 were
solved to get an amount of data to present an accurate
behavior of the connection. So the comprehensive
information on the initial stiffness offend-plate
offend
connection
as well as the initial deformation of connection
components such as tension bolts elongation and endend
plate-bending
bending deformation for each case is obtained.
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
Effect of bolt diameter
Figure 11. Effect of bolt diameter on ultimate moment and rotation capacity
Figure 13. Show the effect of end-plate thickness on ultimate moment and rotation capacity
A. Mode of failure of A-1-10, dbolt = 20mm, tep = 16mm & no end-pl. Stiff.
Figure 17. Effect of end-plate stiffener on ultimate moment and rotation capacity
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