JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 3, April 2014

EFFECTS OF SUPERPLASTICIZER ON SELF COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER

CONCRETE USING FLY ASH AND GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG
SAIFUDDIN.K.P*
B.M.PUROHIT**
M.A.JAMNU***
*M.E Structure, Persuing, Dept. of, Applied Mechanics, Government Engineering College, Dahod, India
**Professor, Dept. of, Applied Mechanics, Government Engineering College, Dahod, India
***Professor, Dept. of, Applied Mechanics, Government Engineering College, Dahod, India

ABSTRACT
Geopolymer concrete is an advance technology introduced in1979 by Davidovits to
reduce the use of OPC in concrete. In this paper to study the variation of workability of fly
ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete with the variation of polycarboxylic based,
Sulfonated naphthalene based and lignine based Superplasticizer. Ground granulated blast
furnace slag (GGBS) has been included in the fly ash based geopolymer concrete. The effect
of superplasticizer on workability and compressive strength will study under ambient
temperature condition.

KEYWORDS: GGBS, Fly Ash, Superplasticizer, Workability, Compressive Strength

INTRODUCTION
Geopolymer concrete is new technology because it utilizes industrial waste and by
products. Geopolymer concrete is emerging as a new environmentally friendly construction
material for sustainable development, using Slag and alkali instead of OPC as the binding
material. This results in two benefits. i.e. reducing CO2 releases from production of OPC and
also utilisation of industrial waste like flyash, slag etc. Now attempt is made geopolymer
concrete as a self-compacting geopolymer concrete therefore execution of concrete in a
congested area by complete elimi-nation of compaction. Ground granulated blast furnace slag
(GGBS) is a by-product from the blast-furnaces used to make iron. During the process, slag
formed and it is then dried and ground to a fine powder.
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

To evaluate the different Workability and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete

mixture with G.G.B.S replaced in percentage to fly ash.

Superplasticizer allow concrete to be placed faster due to its flowing consistency, allow
the placement of higher lift.

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JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 3, April 2014

Making workable, high strength and self compacting geopolymer concrete containing
G.G.B.S (Slag).

LITERATURE REVIEW
I.

Ganapati Naidu. P, A.S.S.N.Prasad, S.Adiseshu, P.V.V.Satayanarayana(2012) : In this

paper an attempt is made to study strength properties of geopolymer concrete using low
calcium fly ash replacing with slag in 5 different percentages of 0,9,16.66,23.07,28.57.
Author has found that Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete increases with
replacement of fly ash with GGBS. Fly ash was replaced by GGBS up to 28.57%,
beyond that fast setting was observed. 90% of compressive strength was achieved in 14
days.

II.

V Supraja, M. Kanta Rao (2011): In this paper an attempt is made to produce the geopolymer concrete fully replaced with GGBS and alkaline liquids are used for the
binding of materials. Different molarities of sodium hydroxide solution i.e. 3M, 5M,
and 7M and 9M are taken to prepare different mixes. Two different curing are carried
i.e. oven curing at 500c and curing directly by placing the specimens to direct sunlight.
Author observed that the compressive strength is increased with the increase in the
molarity of sodium hydroxide. Compared to hot air oven curing and curing by direct
sun light, Oven cured specimens gives the higher compressive strength .In this paper
author observed that sun light curing is convenient for practical conditions.

III.

K.Parthiban, K.Saravanarajamohan , S.Shobana , A.Anchal Bhaskar (2013): In this

paper Fly Ash (FA) has been replaced by GGBS (0-100%) in Geopolymer concrete.
Author studied effect of the amount of Alkaline Activated Solution (AAS) in the
mixture of GPC on their compressive strength under ambient temperature conditions.In
order to increase the workability Gelenium B233 (2%) was used in this study. Author
has found that workability of Geopolymer concrete increases with the increase in the
content of the slag. The 7 days strength was found to be 70% of its 28 day strength and
this percentage is getting increased with the increase in the slag content. The 28 days
strength shows higher strength compared with OPC. Cured the specimens in ambient
temperature condition to check the suitability of Geopolymer concrete for cast-in-situ
conditions.

IV.

Aminul Islam Laskar and Rajan Bhattacharjee. : In this paper an attempt has been made
to study variation of workability of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with the
variation of lignin based plasticizer and poly-carboxylic ether based superplasticizer. It

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JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 3, April 2014

has been observed that there exists a critical value of molar strength of sodium
hydroxide beyond which superplasticizer and plasticizer have adverse effect on
workability of fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Below the critical molar strength of
sodium hydroxide, there is an increase in slump. Plasticizer and superplasticizer dosage
improves workability of fly ash based geopolymer concrete for molar strength of NaOH
solution less than 4 M. Lignin based Superplasticizer has been found to be more
effective than PC based superplasticizer.
V.

M. Fadhil Nuruddin, Samuel Demie, M. Fareed Ahmed, and Nasir Shafiq. (2011): In
this paper parameters studied were superplasticizer (SP) dosage and molarity of NaOH
solution. The workability properties such as filling ability, passing ability and resistance
to segregation were assessed using slump flow, T-50, V-funnel, L-Box and J-ring test
methods. It was found that the essential workability requirements for self
compactability were satisfied. Author seen that low Superplasticizer content 3, 4 and
5% had poor filling and passing ability and the workability results were not satisfied the
limits of Self compacting concrete. Author found that 6% of SP dosage and 12M of
NaOH concentration could produce concrete compressive strength up to 51.52MPa
tested at 28-days.As the concentration of NaOH solution increased from 8M to 12M,
the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete was increased.

MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPPERTIES

Fly ash is a by-product from the combustion of pulverized coal which is widely used as
pozzolanic ingredient for making geopolymer concrete.

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) a by product of iron smelting industry.

Compound
Fly ash (% By mass )
Sio2
49
Al2O3 +Fe2O3
35
CaO
4.8
MgO
2.3
SO3
1.9
Specific Gravity
2.2
Fineness (m2/kg)
419
Loss on ignition
7
TABLE-1 Properties of Fly ash and GGBS

GGBS (% By mass )
13.5
54
26.3
3.4
1.8
2.9
400
-

Superplasticizers: Indian standard 9103-1999 defined superplasticizer as, An

admixture for mortar or concrete which imparts very high workability or allows a large

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Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 3, April 2014

decrease in water content for a given workability.

Type of superplasticizer :

Sulphonated Naphthalene based Superplasticizer

Polycarboxylate Ether based Superplasticizer

Lignosulphate based Superplasticizer

Superplasticizer
Properties

Sulphonated

Colour
Dark Brown Liquid
Specific Gravity
1.20 at 25 0C
Air entrainment
1%
Chlorides
Nill
Nitrates
Nill
Sulphates
0.5%
Freezing Point
+5 0C
TABLE-2 Properties of Superplasticizer

Polycarboxylate

Lignosulphate

Brown colourLiquid
1.10 at 25 0C
Nill
Nill
Nill
Nill
Nill

Dark Brown Liquid

1.20 at 25 0C
Nill
Nill
Nill
Nill
-

DESIGN MIX
The Mix Design For which is to be followed in this study as below:
MATERIALS

QUANTITY PER CUBIC

METER
FLY ASH
178.06
GGBS
178.06
COARSE AGG.
1108.79
FINE AGG.
739.2
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
139.9
SODIUM SILICATE
55.96
WATER
10%
SUPERPLASTICIZER
2% - 8%
TABLE-3 Design mix of Geopolymer concrete

UNIT
KG
KG
KG
KG
KG
KG
Litre
Litre

CONCLUSION

Up to 6% of SP dosage and 12M of NaOH concentration could give satisfactorily

result in compressive strength and workability.

The 7 days strength was found to be 70% of its 28 day strength by addition of slag.

Plasticizer and superplasticizer dosage improves workability.

Geopolymer concrete gives satisfactory result at ambient temperature replacement of

Fly ash with GGBS.

Compressive strength of concrete increased with the increase in curing temperature

from 60C to 70C.

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REFERENCES
1. M. Fadhil Nuruddin, Samuel Demie, M. Fareed Ahmed, and Nasir Shafiq, Effect of
Superplasticizer and NaOH Molarity on Workability, Compressive Strength and
Microstructure Properties of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete, International Journal
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, volume 3,issue 2, 2011,122-129.
2. Aminul Islam Laskar and Rajan Bhattacharjee, Effect of Plasticizer and Superplasticizer on
Workability of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Proceedings of International
Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st 23rd
June 2012
3. Ganapati Naidu. P, A.S.S.N.Prasad, S.Adiseshu, P.V.V.Satayanarayana, A Study on
Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Addition of G.G.B.S International Journal
of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 2, Issue 4 (July 2012)
4. Fareed Ahmed Memon, Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin, Samuel Demie And Nasir Shafiq,

Effect

Of Curing Conditions On Strength Of Fly Ash-Based Self-Compacting Geopolymer

Concrete, International Journal Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Volume 3,Issue
3,2011,183-189.
5. K.Parthiban , K.Saravanarajamohan , S.Shobana, A.Anchal Bhaskar, Effect of Replacement
of Slag on the Mechanical Properties of Fly ash Based Geopolymer Concrete, International
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) 2013.
6. Supraja, M. Kanta Rao, Experimental study on Geo-Polymer concrete incorporating GGBS
International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Soft Computing Science and
Engineering.
7. Sundar Kumar, Vasugi, Ambily, P. S. and Bharatkumar, B. H. Development and
Determination of Mechanical properties of fly ash and slag blended geo polymer concrete
,International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2013
8. Mr. Bennet Jose Mathew, Mr. M Sudhakar, Dr. C Natarajan, Strength, Economic and
Sustainability Characteristics of Coal Ash GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete.,
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 3 Issue.
1 2013.

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