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I.
INTRODUCTION
545
II.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
()
()
()
()
()
()
= , . . ,
= , ,
= [ , , , ! ]
= [, , , , , ,! ]
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(2)
+ = + ()
(9)
(10)
()
()
(11)
(3)
+ () =
A. NLMS Algorithm
The weight vector of an adaptive filter should be changed
in a minimal mechanism, subject to a constraint imposed on
the updated filters output. The NLMS algorithm is based on
the principal of minimal disturbance from one iteration to the
heading iteration [1]. Let the received symbol vector at time
associating to the vth OFDM symbol be
(1)
The symbols will follow into the fading channel with impulse
response h(n) that has additive noise n.
The MIMO OFDM system with At transmit and Ar receive
antennas can be described as:
()
=
()
()
!
= , . . ,
! () =
(4)
()
()
(12)
546
+ + ()
(14)
(15)
= +
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
()()/
[ / ]
= ! +
= ! ! +
= ! + !
(25)
(21)
<<
= !
(20)
For real valued data input, we can use the following equation
y =U H y
y = Hx+ n
+ =
()()
x =V x
<<
(24)
= +
(26)
< <
(22)
!
0
0
!
(23)
547
(27)
IV.
SYSTEM MODEL
IFFT
+
Appending
CP
Splitter
Rayleigh
Flat Fading
Channel
+
AWGN
Adder
FFT
+
Removing
CP
Baseband Demodulation
FFT
+
Removing
CP
Adaptive Receiver
Baseband Modulation
Channel
Estimation
Adder
Adaptive
NLMS Filter
SIMULATION RESULTS
Baseband
Demodulation
V.
FFT
+
Removing
CP
CONCLUSION
548
10
10
-1
10
BER
BER
-1
10
data1
BER without NLMS adaptive filter
Step Size = 0.3
Step Size = 0.4
Step Size = 0.5
Step Size = 0.6
-2
10
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Step Size
0.7
0.8
0.9
-2
10
10
15
20
25
Eb/No
1
Step Size = 0.3
Step Size = 0.4
Step Size = 0.5
Step Size = 0.6
0.9
0.8
10
MSE
0.7
-1
0.6
10
BER
0.5
0.4
-2
10
0.3
0.2
10
20
30
40
50
60
Number of Iterations
70
80
90
100
VI.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
data1
Averaging of SVD
Current and Previous SVD
SVD
Outdated SVD
NLMS with step-size = 0.3
-3
10
REFERENCES
5
Eb/No
10
549