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Nouns can be divided into few types of nouns and each of them is different.
a) common nouns
b) proper nouns
c) countable and uncountable nouns
d) singular and plural nouns
e) possessive nouns
f) collective nouns
g) regular and irregular plural nouns
a)
Common Nouns
Common nouns are words used to talk about people, things, animals and places. No
capital letter is used unless they are the first word in a sentence.
Examples of common nouns:
book
children
cat
school
b)
Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are words used to name particular people, things, animals or places. Capital
letters must be used.
Malaysia
c)
Countable nouns are nouns which can be counted. The following determiners can be
used with countable nouns.
Determiners
a / an
the
any
some
many
a few
several
a lot of / lots of
plenty of
a small / large number of
Countable Nouns
pen
books
cars
apples
chickens
oranges
pupils
passengers
mangoes
trees
orange
woman
sweaters
boys
bicycles
pencils
flowers
visitors
people
boats
Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted. The following determiners can
be used with uncountable nouns.
Determiners
the
any
some
much
Uncountable Nouns
oil
sugar
water
juice
sand
coffee
tea
sand
a little / little
a lot of / lots of
plenty of
a great deal of
a small / large number of
flour
milk
food
rain
money
salt
sugar
rice
soup
dirt
d)
Singular nouns mean that the nouns are single or just one and it must not more than one.
Plural nouns mean that the numbers of nouns are more than one. The plural nouns are
varies and it is according to the ending of the words. Plurals are formed by:
i)
ii)
car
cars
fork
forks
building
buildings
mango
mangoes
iii)
iv)
bus
buses
brush
brushes
church
churches
box
boxes
boy
boys
monkey
monkeys
guy
guys
taking out y and adding ies to nouns ending in y when a vowel comes before
y
v)
ferry
ferries
baby
babies
lady
ladies
wolf
wolves
shelf
shelves
wife
wives
4. There were three ladies had been killed in an accident last week.
5. Pak Ali had three wives already and he is going to marry Aini as his fourth wives.
e)
Possessive Nouns
A possessive nouns tell us who or what owns or has something. Possessives answer the
question Whose?.
Possessive nouns can be used for singular or plural nouns. To make a singular word
possessive, just add s at the end of the nouns.
*
Ali
Alis
the teacher
the Adam
To make a plural word possessive is different, we need to add to a regular plural noun
which ends in s.
*
chickens
chickens coop
athletes
athletes dorm
If the plural noun does not end in s, we need to add s . This is used for irregular plural
nouns
*
mice
mices trap
women
womens dress
f)
Collective Nouns
Collective nouns are words used to show a group of people, animals, and things.
Examples of collective nouns:
People
- a choir of singers
- a staff of teachers
- a class of pupils
- a troupe of dancers
- an army of soldiers
Animals
- a litter of kittens
- a flock of birds
- a troop of monkeys
- a pack of wolves
- a brood of chickens
Things
- a bale of cloth
- a bouquet of flowers
- a comb of bananas
- a collection of stamps
- a bundle of sticks
g)
Most nouns are made plural with few simple changes of adding s, or es, but there are
few nouns are not. Irregular plural nouns can be made by changing vowels, words, or
adding a different ending.
i.
changing vowels
Singular
Man
Foot
ii.
Plural
Men
Feet
changing words
Singular
Plural
Mouse
Person
iii.
Mice
People
Plural
Appendices
Children
But there were few nouns are not change at all, some words are using singular form for
plural words. Example:
Singular
Sheep
Deer
Offspring
Plural
Sheep
Deer
Offspring
There were also few words are using plural form for singular words. Example:
Singular
Gallows
Series
Species
Plural
Gallows
Series
Species
Prepositions
Prepositions shows the relationship between two or more things that are talked
about in a sentence.
Prepositions can be classified into two groups. They are simple prepositions and
compound prepositions.
~ up
~ at
~ down
~ by
~ past
~ of
~ for
~ to
~ from
~ on
~ like
~ off
~ out
~ since
~ through
~ with
Compound prepositions consist of two or more syllables and they can also be made up
of two or more words.
~ along
~ above
~ among
~ beyond
~ into
~ under
~ inside
~ after
~ before
~ beside
~ over
~ upon
~ alongside
~ outside
~ across
~ against
~ behind
~ beside
~ throughout
~ within
~ underside
~ amid
~ around
~ beneath
~ between
~ towards
~ without
~ underneath
~ about
~ aside
~ below
~ during
~ until
~ opposite
We use prepositions to join nouns to other nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs or verbs.
The preposition inside shows the relation between the gift and the box. It shows where
the gift is placed.
The preposition beside shows the relation between the child and the father. It shows that
the child was next to the father.
The preposition in shows the relation between Johans appearance and other people in the
class.
The preposition for shows the relation between Sarahs skill at dancing and her age.
The preposition for shows the relation between the act of going and the trip to Pulau
Pangkor.
i-
* at
* on
* above
* under
* next to
* about
* by
* beside
* near
* behind
* in front of
* over
* between
Preposition of direction
Preposition of direction are used to show movement.
* into
* down
* up
* to
* from
* out of
* along
* off
* towards
* past
* through
iii-
Preposition of time
* at
* on
* for
* before
* after
iv-
Preposition of measure
* of
References
June Yogeswaran, N.V. Pillay & S.Shoba ( 2012 ). Good Grammar Guide. Ilmu Bakti.
Dr. Koh Soo Ling ( 2012 ). Complete Grammar Guide. Ilmu Bakti.
http://www.english-zone.com/spelling/plurals.html
http://www.k12reader.com/irregular-plural-nouns/
http://www.barstow.edu/lrc/tutorserv/handouts/015%20Irregular%20Plural
%20Nouns.pdf
http://literacy.kent.edu/Midwest/Materials/ndakota/spelling/lesson5.html
http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/nouns/Possessive-Nouns.html