MM222

Strength of Materials
Lecture 13
Spring 2015
Hafiz Kabeer Raza
Research Associate
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute
Contact: Office G13, Faculty Lobby
raza@giki.edu.pk, hkabeerraza@gmail.com, 03344025392

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Relative end displacement

The previous examples had one
end attached to a fixed support.
In each case, therefore, the
deformation of the rod was
equal to the displacement of its
free end
What will be the of the bar of
both ends are moving?

/ = =

Example: compute, how much

point B will move downward? If
the applied load P was 10 kN.
For L = 1.0 m, A = 2.5 mm2, and
E = 200 GPa
B/A = 20 mm
A = 10 mm
So B = 30 mm

Solve the same problem for B =

10 mm upward and this time
compute the magnitude of P.

Conclusion: whatever the

configuration and design of the
structure is the deformations of
the members are consistent same
as compared to each other

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Relative end displacement

In all these related problems, 1st, compute the overall deformation by
considering that opposite ends are not moving
This was the case;
For one of the components,
Both ends were moving,
Rest were moving from one end only
(ignoring the signs of the deformations, weather it is compressive or tensile)
In this case

/ = =

Another thing; making the free body diagram of the member undergoing
relative deformation, will result

If one component, for example, is under tension, the others will be under compression
And opposite is true for vice versa
But all the forces are in same direction, and these forces will be balanced by reactions at the supports

A new case of relative end displacement (Sample problem 2.2)

When there is no support/reaction
Now the forces will be opposite to each other
Here you will use a negative sign for one of the deformations.. OR

/ = + =

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Sample Problem 2.2

In order to calculate the stress, We need to

find out the force on EF
Assume a force P on EF and make free body
diagram.
Compute the relative displacement in the rod
and make a relation with the deformations of
individual components
Put the formulae of individual displacements
and solve for P
0.025 = 1 + 2
2 = 7.03 E-7 P
1 = 6.41 E-7 P
P = 18.6 ksi

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Quizzes
Alternate Thursdays, It is 5th week now
Each quiz will held;
Venue: LH4 FMSE
Time: 2:00 PM
Academic
Week #

Quiz #

Date
(Thursday)

Remarks

25-02-2015

Done with
date change

12-03-2015

Date and time

updated

26-03-2015

-do-

16-04-2015

-do-

11

30-04-2015

-do-

13

14-05-2015

-do-

15

28-05-2015

-do-

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Home work
Problems 2.19, 2.27, 2.28

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

MM222
Strength of Materials
Lecture 14
Spring 2015
Hafiz Kabeer Raza
Research Associate
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute
Contact: Office G13, Faculty Lobby
raza@giki.edu.pk, hkabeerraza@gmail.com, 03344025392

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Static Indeterminacy
Structures for which internal forces and reactions
cannot be determined from statics alone are said
to be statically indeterminate.
A structure will be statically indeterminate
whenever it is held by more supports than are
required to maintain its equilibrium.
Redundant reactions are replaced with
unknown loads which along with the other
loads must produce compatible deformations.

Deformations due to actual loads and redundant

reactions are determined separately and then
added or superposed.

L R 0

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Example 2.04
Determine the reactions at A and B for the steel
bar and loading shown, assuming a close fit at
both supports before the loads are applied.
SOLUTION:

Consider the reaction at B as redundant, release

the bar from that support, and solve for the
displacement at B due to the applied loads.
Solve for the displacement at B due to the
redundant reaction at B.
Require that the displacements due to the loads
and due to the redundant reaction be compatible,
i.e., require that their sum be zero.
Solve for the reaction at A due to applied loads
and the reaction found at B.

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Example 2.04
SOLUTION:
Solve for the displacement at B due to the applied
loads with the redundant constraint released,
P1 0 P2 P3 600 103 N
A1 A2 400 10 6 m 2

P4 900 103 N

A3 A4 250 10 6 m 2

L1 L2 L3 L4 0.150 m
Pi Li 1.125109
L

E
i Ai Ei

Solve for the displacement at B due to the redundant

constraint,
P1 P2 RB
A1 400 10 6 m 2
L1 L2 0.300 m

A2 250 10 6 m 2

Pi Li
1.95 103 RB
R

E
i Ai Ei

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Example 2.04
Require that the displacements due to the loads and due to
the redundant reaction be compatible,
L R 0

1.125109 1.95 103 RB

0
E
E
RB 577 103 N 577 kN

Find the reaction at A due to the loads and the reaction at B

Fy 0 RA 300 kN 600 kN 577 kN
RA 323kN

R A 323kN
RB 577 kN

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Self Study
Example 2.02, 2.03, Superposition method,
example 2.05

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Thermal expansion and thermal stresses

A temperature change results in a change in length or
thermal strain. There is no stress associated with the
thermal strain unless the elongation is restrained by
the supports.
Treat the additional support as redundant and apply
the principle of superposition.
PL
T T L
P
AE
thermal expansion coef.
The thermal deformation and the deformation from
the redundant support must be compatible.
P AE T
T P 0
PL
T L
0
AE

P
E T
A

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Self study
Example 2.06

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Problem 2.60

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

MM222
Strength of Materials
Lecture 15
Spring 2015
Hafiz Kabeer Raza
Research Associate
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute
Contact: Office G13, Faculty Lobby
raza@giki.edu.pk, hkabeerraza@gmail.com, 03344025392

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Static Indeterminacy
If a material is not homogeneous in its cross
section, the load distribution will not be
homogeneous
Example of a steel bar reinforced concrete
column

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Problem 2.35

The force will not be homogeneously

distributed
No. of steel rods = 4, rest is concrete
Suppose steel is 1 and concrete is 2
Statically indeterminate
P = 4P1+P2
Equating the two
Solve for P1 and P2
Calculate the stresses
1 = -15.82 ksi, 2 = -1.96 ksi

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Inhomogeneous distribution of loads

Suppose two materials;
one is hard and the
other is soft are joined
together
May be two boxes, may
be two pipes, may be
one rod and the other
pipe, may be one or
multiple rods and the
other solid block

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Home work
Problem 2.33 (-67.54 MPa, 0.29 mm)
Problem 2.39 (answer given in the book)
Problem 2.40 (RC = 9.74 kips, RA = 2.26 kips,
lower part = 3.10 ksi, upper part = 1.84 ksi)
Problem 2.41 (answer given in the book)

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Generalized Hookes Law

What is v?
What is ?
What is ?
What are E and G?

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Problem 2.68

Using the equations of

Hookes Law for the
particular dimension
Use the definition of
strain to find the change
in length
AB = 10.2 m, BC =
2.4 m, AC = 8.91 m

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Problem 2.75

The rubber is under shear

stress (double shear)
P = 25000/2 N, A = 150*100mm
= 0.83 MPa,
= 1.5/30 = 0.05
G = / = 16.67 MPa

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Home work

Problem 2.51 (answer given)

Problem 2.53 (answer given)
Problem 2.76 (answer given)
Problem 2.79 (0.048 in)

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Problem 2.46

MF = 0

600*8 = 2FDE + 4FBC

2400 = FDE + 2FBC

Compute for each

Compute the relation between of
BC and DE while F is not removed
This will result
2.5 FDE = FBC

Use the equation to solve

FDE = 400 lb, FBC = 1000 lb
Use the slope method to compute
deflection of A
2.2E-3 in

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza