Professional Documents
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BLUETOOTH
TECHNOLOGY
Presented By:
K.AKSHAY (akshaykanakgiri007@yahoo.com)
SHIVA PRASAD (shiva_prince90@yahoo.co.in)
B.Tech. 2/4 , E.C.E.
V.I.T.S. ENGG. COLLEGE
NALGONDA Dt,-508 284.
ABSTRACT
Bluetooth is the name given to a new technology using short-range radio links. It is envisaged that it
will allow for the replacement of cables that connect devices. Its key features are robustness, low complexity,
low power and low cost. Designed to operate in noisy frequency environments, the Bluetooth radio uses a
fast acknowledgement and frequency hopping scheme. Bluetooth radio modules operate in the unlicensed
ISM band at 2.45 GHz, and avoid interference from other signals by hopping to a new frequency after
transmitting or receiving a packet. Compared with other systems in the same frequency band, the Bluetooth
radio hops faster and uses shorter packets of those available services. It access between the devices maximum
of 8 creating a PAN (Personal Area Network) or Piconet. Bluetooth can also be used to access the Internet
Bluetooth devices actually communicate to determine just how much power they need to use, selecting
the lowest possible power for the given distance. This provides the dual function of saving power reducing
the possibility of interference with other devices sharing the same range.
INTRODUCTION:
There was once an era when it was known to everyone that wireless meant the radio. A generation later
when the television set had populated the living room of most homes, the meaning of wireless had faded, but
not really changed. Those times are now long gone though. The term wireless in present days refers to the cell
phone and such related matters as the computer wirelessly connecting to and syncing with cell phone, PDA,
Bluetooth technology has emerged in recent years as a cable replacement technology, a popular way to
connect local devices wirelessly by embedding a Bluetooth chip and receiver into products. Typical uses
include automatically synchronizing contact and calendar information among desktop, laptop and palmtop
computers without connecting cables. Idealized by a group of electronics manufacturers looking for a
streamlined solution to a growing problem, it promises to uncomplicate the interconnectivity of devices, easing
manufacturing woes and end-user hassles. Bluetooth separates itself from other gadgets by using a very weak
This system is named after a Danish king Herald Bluetooth king of Denmark and Norway in 900s, known
for their unification. Bluetooth likewise is intended to unify different technologies like PCs, mobile phones, etc.
It is a group of companies working together to promote and define the Bluetooth specification. The
Bluetooth SIG was founded in February 1998. The core promoters of SIG are:
• Ericsson mobile communication AB, Intel Corporation, IBM, Toshiba, Nokia mobile phones,
BLUETOOTH APPLICATIONS:
and various hands free devices. The standard also includes support for more powerful, longer-range
• Transfer of files (images, mp3s, digital cameras etc) between mobile phones, personal digital
assistants.
• The Bluetooth car kits allow users with Bluetooth-equipped cell phones to make use of some of the
phone’s features, such as making calls, while the phone itself can be left in a suitcase or in the
boot/trunk, for instance. Companies like Parrot or Motorola manufacture Bluetooth hands-free car kits
Hearing aids-Starkey Laboratories have created a device to plug into some hearing aids.
BLUETOOTH RANGE:
Bluetooth has three different defined ranges, based on their output power ratings.
Bluetooth is basically intended for ‘personal’ networking. Its short range reduces the chance of interference
between devices, this is a very basic type of security measure. Also lower power means longer battery life.
Bluetooth is also known as IEEE 802.15.1. The present versions of Bluetooth are Bluetooth 1.0, Bluetooth
COMMUNICATION:
A Bluetooth device playing the role of the “master” can communicate with up to 7 devices playing the role of
the “slave”. This network of “group of up to 8 devices” (1 master+ 7 slaves) is called a piconet. At any given
time, data can be transferred between the master and 1 slave; but the master switches rapidly from slave to
slave in a round-robin fashion. Bluetooth specification allows connecting 2 or more piconets together to form
a scatternet, with some devices acting as a bridge by simultaneously playing the master role in one piconet
and the slave role in another piconet. These devices have yet to come, though are supposed to appear next
year (2007).Bluetooth devices in the house are always communicating with one another as long as they are
powered on. Each device sends out a signal, received by the other devices that are sending out their own
signals. The devices scan all signals to see if any are addressing it. In this way, Bluetooth creates a personal-
area network (PAN) in the home and the user is not required to do anything special to get the devices to speak
entertainment center to your desktop – meanwhile your digital camera is offloading its contents to your
laptop. The Bluetooth devices that have business with one another will initiate their own separate PAN (also
called a Pico net) and synchronize a random hopping scheme to create interference-free communications
The link controller (LC) is responsible for carrying out link level operations over several data packet duration
in response to higher level commands from the link manager (LM). The base band is responsible for channel
coding and decoding and low level timing control and management of the link within the domain of a single
data packet transfer. The radio interfaces between on air channel medium and digital base band which formats
data supplied by LC for robust and reliable transmission over the channel and retrieves data from the channel
The link control layer is responsible for managing device discoverability establishing connections and once
connected, maintaining the various on-air links. It does this through a set of state machines which drive the
Host requests an inquiry -Inquiry is sent using the inquiry hopping sequence-Inquiry scanning devices
respond to the enquiry scanner with FHS packets which contain all the information needed to connect with
them.-The contents of FHS packets are passed back to the host.-The host requests connection to one of the
devices that responded to the inquiry.-Paging is used to initiate the connection with a selected device.-If the
selected device is page scanning, it responds to the page.-If the page scanning device accepts the connection,
it will begin hopping using the master’s frequency hopping segment and timing.
PAIRING: A device that wants to communicate only with a trusted device can cryptographically
authenticate the identity of the other device using Passkeys which are stored on the device’s file system so
AIR INTERFACE: The protocol operates in the license- free ISM band at 2.45 GHz. in order to avoid
interfering with other protocols which use the 2.45 GHz band, the Bluetooth protocol divides the band into 79
channels (each 1 MHz wide ) and changes channels up to 1600 times per second in perfect unison.
Implementations with versions 1.1 and 1.2 reach speeds of 723.1kbps. Version 2.0 implementation feature
Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate (EDR), and thus reach 2.1 Mbps. Technically version 2.0 devices have a
higher power consumption, but the three times faster rate reduces the transmission times, effectively reducing
not, for e.g. we use Bluetooth to connect from PDA to laptop, the laptop uses Wi-fi to connect to a Wi-fi
router and from there we get connected to the internet. Hence a device with Bluetooth should be preferred to a
Wi-fi is primarily used as an alternate to traditional cable based networks. It has a longer range than
Bluetooth, and supports faster data transfer speeds, and so it might seem better than Bluetooth.
But in reality Bluetooth and Wi-fi have different purposes. Bluetooth is intended for limited data transfer
between different types of devices, Wi-fi is more focused on faster data transfer between computers on a
network. One of the distinctive elements of Bluetooth is that it uses much less power than Wi-fi.
The next generation Bluetooth technology allows even faster transfer speeds and a much improved range. The
increased bandwidth and improved data rate may threaten to make Wi-fi technology obsolete. Since Bluetooth
penetration is largely driven by phone headsets and Wi-fi by internet access, it is quite possible that they
FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH:
One of the ways Bluetooth technology may become more useful is in Voice Over IP (VOIP). When Voice
Over IP becomes more widespread, companies may find it unnecessary to employ telephones physically
similar to today’s analogue telephone hardware. Bluetooth may then end up being used for communication
between a cordless phone and a computer listening for Voice Over IP and with an infra red Peripheral
Component Interconnect (PCI) card acting as a base for the cordless phone. The cordless phone would then
just require a cradle for charging. Bluetooth would naturally be used to allow the cordless phone to remain
operational for a reasonably a longer period. At this point in its newly burgeoning evolution its main purpose
is to simplify the process of connecting products. Bluetooth is becoming more widespread and functional
REFERENCES:
• Bluetooth revealed by Brent A. Miller and Chatchik Bisdikian
• Bluetooth in action- http://www.bluetooth.org.
• Add Bluetooth to your Mac- http://www.apple.com/bluetooth.
• David Blankenbeckler “An Introduction to Bluetooth”-Wireless Developer.