Training - Light Sources

MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
TRAINING
ON
LIGHT SOURCES
PRESENTER
AANUPAM RAO
Training Module - Light Sources
Light Sources
Light Generation
Artificial Light Generation
LIGHT GENERATION BY THERMAL

RADIATORS (INCANDESCENCE)
LIGHT GENERATED BY ELECTRICAL
DISCHARGE
Incandescence
LIGHT is Generated by
electrical heating of
filament to incandescence.
INCANDESCENT
LAMP
HALOGEN LAMP
Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Incandescent lamp consists of
Tungsten filament in glass
enclosure either evacuated or
filled with nitrogen or inert
gas ( argon)
Inert gas reduces evaporation
of filament

Inert gas reduces
blackening inside the
glass bulb
Luminous efficacy can
be improved by
coiling the filament
(coiled coil to single
coil)
Highly susceptible to
voltage variation.

Universal Burning
Very low lamp life of 1000 Burning Hours
Edison Screw (ES) or Bayonet cap (BC)

Advantages:
1. Good optical control
2. Low initial cost
3. Simple circuit, no accessories required
4. Unity P.F.
5. CRI = 100

Disadvantages:
Low lumen output
Higher consumption of electricity
Very high infra red radiation, small visible
radiation
Operates at very high temperature
Critically affected by voltage variation
Relatively short lamp life
Tungsten Halogen Lamp

Lamp is filled with
halogen gas along
with normal filling
gas.
Lamp works of
principle of halogen
Regeneration cycle to
prevent blackening
Halogen Regeneration Cycle
Halogen Regeneration Cycle

Available in linear
shape or in capsule
form
Restricted burning
position for linear
halogen ( H +/- 15
Deg)
Moderate avg. lamp
life of 2000 Burning
hours

MR 16:
Low voltage Reflectorized
Tungsten Halogen lamp
Range of Beam patterns from 7 to 55
degrees
Range of wattages from 20 to 75 watts
PAR 16 / 20 / 36 / 56 / 64:
Mains voltage Pressure Aluminized
Reflector lamps
Narrow (10 degree) and wide (30 degree)
beam angle

QR 111:
Low voltage Aluminium reflector lamp
Anti-glare shield over filament
Precise beam control
Available in 50, 75 and 100 watt
Capsule Lamps:
Mains voltage/ Low voltage nonreflectorized lamps
Principle of Discharge
Certain Metals in vapour form when ionized
becomes highly conductive in nature.
This ionization leads to light generation at a
particular ionization level.
However, to control and maintain specified
ionization level, current controlling device (choke
/ ballast) is required.
Principle of Discharge
In order to start ionization of metal vapours very
high voltage needs to be applied. This is given by
starting device (Starter / Ignitor)
Mercury, Sodium, Certain rare earth metals in
halide form generate light when ionized.
Various Gas Discharge Lamps
Low Pressure MV (Fluorescent)

High Pressure MV ( HPMV)
Low Pressure SV (LPSV)
High Pressure SV (HPSV)
Metal Halide (MHL)
Fluorescent Lamp
Mercury Vapours
ionized at lower
pressure results in UV
light generation.
Fluorescent Lamp
UV Generated gets
converted into Visible
Spectrum due to
Phosphor coating on
inside walls of lamp
Fluorescent Lamp
Depending on type of
Phosphor, the colour
of light emitted is
decided.
Fluorescent Lamp
Fluorescent Lamp
Type of shape
Linear Fluorescent Lamp
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
Type of Phosphor coating

Standard phosphor coating
Tri-band phosphor coating
Fluorescent lamp with standard phosphor

coating
Maximum UV is converted in blue and green
region of visible spectrum
Colour rendering index is low
Luminous efficacy is low
Fluorescent lamp with triband phosphor

coating
Maximum UV is converted in entire visible
spectrum with three basic regions of Blue/Green/
Red.
Colour rendering index is high
Luminous efficacy is high
Fluorescent Lamp Comparison

FTL (TRIBAND)
2 Times Higher Life Than Standard FTL
33% Higher Light Output As Compared to Standard FTL
Higher CRI for Triband Phosphor
16 % Lower Lumen Depreciation

Basically Tri-band Phosphor
Vapour pressure is slightly higher than linear FTL
Compact lengths
Available in single / double / triple / linear construction

Features :
Compact size
High lumen output
Low power consumption
Longer service life
Excellent colour rendering properties
High luminous efficacy
Low lumen depreciation

Single construction : Wattages of 5 , 7, 9, 11 W
Double construction : Wattages of 10, 13, 18, 26 W
Triple construction : Wattages of 13, 18, 26, 32, 42 W
Linear construction : Wattages of 18, 24, 36, 40, 55 W
Colour Temperature
Light Source
GLS
FTL
HPMV
HPSV
MHL
Colour Temperature
2500 0K
2700 - 6500 0K
3200 - 3800 0K
2000 - 2200 0K
5100 - 5200 0K
Colour Rendering Index

Standard method of measuring colour
quality of light source
Varies from 0 to 100
14 specified pastel colours are measured
under light source and its appearance is
compared under reference light source
CIE NOMENCLATURE FOR

FLUORESCENT LAMPS
CRI Groups
Group 1A : Ra = 90-100 Very Good

Group 1B : Ra = 80-89 Very Good
Group 2A : Ra = 70-79 - Good
Group 2B : Ra = 60-69 - Good
Group 3 : Ra = 40-59 Acceptable
Group 4 : Ra = 20-39
HIGH EFFICIENCY T 5 LAMPS
Fluorescent Lamp Technology
Uses droplets of Mercury

Ionisation of mercury
UV
UV
White Light
Requires Ballast and Starter for
Operation
Colour Temperature depends upon the
Phosphor
Fluorescent lamp Development

1933
1978
1984
1995
38 mm Fluorescent (T 12) with

20/40/65W
26 mm Fluorescent (T8) with
18/36/58 W
High Efficiency Tri Band
Phosphor Developed
Sleek 16 mm dia Fluorescent
(T 5) Developed
T 5 Lamp Basics
16 mm Diameter lamps
Available in two types : High
Efficiency and High Lumen Output
Smaller lamp lengths as compared to
standard Fluorescent lamps
Operates only on Electronic Ballast
T 5 Lamp Types
Two different types of T 5 lamps:
High Efficiency : Highest Luminous
Efficacy (Lumens / Watt)
High Lumen Output : Highest Lumen
output for Fixed lamp length
T 5 Lamp Types
High Efficiency Type :
Osram
HE, Philips
HE
Available in 14 W / 21 W / 28 W / 35 W
High Lumen Output Type :
Osram
HO, Philips
HO
Available in 24 W / 39 W / 54 W / 80 W
T 5 Lamps - Lengths
Reduced lamp lengths to install in
600 / 1200 mm tile system
FH 14 / FQ 24
549 mm
FH 21 / FQ 39
849 mm
FH 28 / FQ 54
1149 mm
FH 35 / FQ 80
1549 mm
T 5 : Smaller Lamp Lengths

Advantages
T 5 Lamp Effect of Ambient Temperature

Maximum Light output at 35 Deg. C instead of 25
Deg C
Higher light at same temperature as compared

with T8/T12 lamps
T 5 Lamp Maximum Output at Higher Temp.
T 5 Lamp Colour
T 5 lamps available in basic three
Colour Temperatures ( Deg K)
6000 Deg K (Colour 11)
CRI(Colour rendering Index) - 83 to 85

T 5 Lamp Life
Avg. Lamp life for T 5 lamps is very high as
it operates only on Electronic Ballast
Average Lamp life for T 5 lamps is 1600020000 Burning Hours
T 5 Lamp Lumen Depreciation

Uses Rare Earth tri band Phosphor
similar to Lumilux Plus lamps
Only 5 % lumen Depreciation at the
end of lamp life
T 5 Vs. T8 luminaries ?
5 % higher Luminous Efficacy for FH

lamps
5 % increase in luminaire efficiency
due to less shadowing effect
Optimum Luminous Flux at Ambient
temp of 35 Deg C
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE

(HID) LAMPS
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE

(HID) LAMPS
HPMV LAMP
HPSV LAMP
NEW GENERATION
METAL HALIDE
LAMP (MHL)
High Pressure Mercury Vapour Lamp

Higher Mercury
vapour pressure is
generated.
At higher pressure,
most light is emitted in
visible spectrum and
little part of it in UV
Phosphor coating is
provided for colour
correction as well as
higher efficacy

No starter is required
as auxiliary electrode
provided acts in
conjunction with main
electrode as starter
Due to internal starter,
the hot re-strike time
is 10-12 minutes
CRI is 46
Moderate life of 5000
burning hours

Initial starting time of
1-2 minutes
Universal burning
position
Internal Phosphor
coating is provided on
glass envelope to
convert UV in visible
spectrum
Available only in
Elliptical shape
Available in 80, 125,
250 & 400 W
High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamp

Sodium is used as main
vapour along with Hg as
buffer gas
When ionized gives
golden yellow light
Requires very high pulse
for ignition
(3.5-4.0 KV)

Universal Burning
Position
Very high Luminous

efficacy ( Highest
amongst all HID
lamps)

Hot re-strike time of 1
minute
Achieves 90 % of
lumen output in 2-3
minutes
Very high life (15,000

Burning Hrs)

250 and 400 W
(elliptical shape)
400 W & 1000 W
(tubular shape)
Available with internal
starter for 70 W ( hot
restrike time 10-12
minutes)
High Pressure Metal Halide Lamp

Rare earth metal halides (
iodides and bromides) are
used for light generation.
Gives Crisp White Light
very close to daylight
We use OSRAM MHL
lamps which uses
Dysprosium Iodide as
main metal vapour

Universal Burning
Position for OSRAM
lamps offered by us
Very high CRI of 9295 for OSRAM MHL

Available in Elliptical
shape ( 250 W and
400 W)
Available in Tubular
Shape ( 250 W and
400 W)
Available in double
ended type ( 70 W and
150 W)

Lamp Life of 10000
Burning hours
Highest luminous
efficacy amongst all
MHL lamps
Advanced Light Sources
Limitations of Metal Halide Lamp (MHL)
Identical properties in terms of

electrical characteristics and colour
spread is not achieved in standard
MHL due to difficult arc geometry.
Efficiency can not be improved further
due to limitation on operating
temperature.
Restricted burning positions ( in
certain lamps)
Ceramic Discharge Metal Halide

New development in MHL technology
Commonly known as CDM ( Philips),
CMH (GE) and HCI ( OSRAM)
It is amalgamation of HPSV and existing
MHL technology

In CDM lamps, PCA is used as arc tube
as against quartz
Metal Iodides are same as that of

conventional MHL.

Advantages
No sodium Migration results in colour stability
throughout its life.
Consistent colour properties and electrical
properties due to defined arc geometry
Higher operating temperature inside arc tube
results in better spectral distribution ( colour
rendition) and more stable behavior of arc.
Mains Voltage Halogen with Bayonet Base
CIE Code
QT 32
Lamp Base
B15d
Wattage (W)
Voltage (V)
Lumen Output (Lm)
Avg. Life in Burning
Hrs.
Osram Code
150 W
240 V
2500
2000
Halolux
Tubular Metal Halide Lamp

CIE Code
HIT
Lamp Base
G 12
Wattage (W)
Voltage (V)
Lumen Output (Lm)
Hrs.
Osram Code
70 / 150 W
240 V
5500 / 13000
10000
HQI-T 70/150 NDL
Mains Voltage Halogen with E27 Base

CIE Code
PAR 20
Lamp Base
E 27
Wattage (W)
Voltage (V)
Lumen Output (Lm)
Hrs.
Osram Code
50 W
240 V
1000
2000
Halopar 20
HID LAMP COMPARISON

HPSV
2 Times the Lumen Output Vis-a-Vis HPMV
Lamp of the Same Wattage
3 Times Longer Life Than HPMV Lamp
MHL
Highest CRI in the Category of Lamps
50% Higher Lumen Output Than HPMV Lamp of
the Same Wattage
2 Times the Life of HPMV Lamp
SELECTION CRITERIA
AVG. LIFE
LUMINOUS EFFICACY
Selection
Criteria for
Light
Sources
COLOUR RENDITION PROPERTIES

HOT RESTRIKE TIME
LUMEN DEPRECIATION
LUMINOUS EFFICACY
120
LPSV
80
MHL
120
HPSV
54
LAMP TYPES
HPMV
60
FCL
80
CFL
90
FTL(TRIBAND)
60
FTL
22
HALOGEN
18
GLS
20
40
60
LUMINOUS EFFICACY
80
100
120
AVERAGE LIFE OF LAMPS
AVERAGE LIFE OF LAMPS

LPSV
18000
10000
MHL
15000
LAMP TYPES
HPSV
HPMV
5000
7500
FCL
7500
CFL
14000
FTL(TRIBAND)
5000
FTL
2000
HALOGEN
1000
GLS
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
AVERAGE LIFE ( IN BURNING HOURS)

14000
16000
18000
COLOUR RENDERING INDEX

0
LPSV
95
LAMP TYPES
MHL
23
HPSV
HPMV
46
54
FCL
54
CFL
86
FTL(TRIBAND)
54
FTL
HALOGEN
100
GLS
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
CRI
70
80
90
100
LUMEN DEPRECIATION
HOT RESTRIKE TIME

12
LPSV
4
LAMP TYPES
MHL
1
HPSV
10
HPMV
0.5
FCL
CFL
0.5
FTL(TRIBAND)
0.5
FTL
0.5
HALOGEN
GLS
0
0
RESTRIKE TIME IN MINUTES
10
12

Training - Light Sources

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Training - Light Sources

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

Artificial Light Generation

LIGHT GENERATION BY THERMAL

Training Module - Light Sources

Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Training Module - Light Sources

Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Edison Screw (ES) or Bayonet cap (BC)

Training Module - Light Sources

Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Training Module - Light Sources

Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Incandescent Lamp (GLS)

Training Module - Light Sources

Tungsten Halogen Lamp

Halogen Regeneration Cycle

Training Module - Light Sources

Halogen Regeneration Cycle

Training Module - Light Sources

Tungsten Halogen Lamp

Tungsten Halogen Lamp

Tungsten Halogen Lamp

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

Various Gas Discharge Lamps

Low Pressure MV (Fluorescent)

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

Type of Phosphor coating

Fluorescent lamp with standard phosphor

Training Module - Light Sources

Fluorescent lamp with triband phosphor

Training Module - Light Sources

Fluorescent Lamp Comparison

16 % Lower Lumen Depreciation

Training Module - Light Sources

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Training Module - Light Sources

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Linear construction : Wattages of 18, 24, 36, 40, 55 W

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

Colour Rendering Index

CIE NOMENCLATURE FOR

Group 1A : Ra = 90-100 Very Good

HIGH EFFICIENCY T 5 LAMPS

Training Module - Light Sources

Fluorescent Lamp Technology

Uses droplets of Mercury

Fluorescent lamp Development

38 mm Fluorescent (T 12) with

Training Module - Light Sources

Training Module - Light Sources

T 5 : Smaller Lamp Lengths

Training Module - Light Sources