KING ABDULLAH BIN ABDULAZIZ PROJECT

THIRD SAUDI EXPANSION OF HOLY HARAM MAKKAH & SURROUNDING AREAS

CENTRAL UTILITY COMPLEX & SERVICE TUNNEL

SECTION 02630 - STORM DRAINAGE

PART I- GENERAL

RELATED DOCUMENTS

1.1

A.

Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including Conditions of Contract and
Division I Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

SUMMARY

1.2
A.

This Section includes storm drainage outside the building.

B.

Related Sections include the following:

I.

Division 2 Section "Excavation and fill" for excavating, trenching and backfilling.

2.

Division 3 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for cast-in-place concrete structures.

DEFINITIONS

1.3

A.

1.4

The following are industry abbreviations for pipe materials:

I.

DI

: Ductile Iron.

2.

RC

: Reinforced concrete

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A.

1.5

Gravity-Flow, Nonpressure-Piping Pressure Ratings: At least equal to system test pressure.

SUBMITTALS
A.

Product Data: Submit manufacturer's technical product data and installation instructions for
system materials and products.

B.

C.

Shop Drawings: Include plans, elevations, details, and attachments for the following:
I.

Drainage pipe network, including pipe diameters and gradients.

2.

Manholes and other structures, including invert levels, frames, covers, and grates.

3.

Perforated pipe trenches.

Coordination Drawings:

Show manholes and other structures, pipe sizes, locations, and

elevations. Include details of underground structures and connections. Show other piping
in same trench and clearances from sewerage system piping. Indicate interface and spatial
relationship between piping and proximate structures.
D.

Coordination Profile Drawings:

Show system piping in elevation.

Draw profiles at

horizontal scale of not less than I :500 and vertical scale of not less than I:50.

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underground structures and pipe.

Show types, sizes, materials, and elevations of other

utilities crossing system piping.

E.

As-Built Drawings: At project close-out, submit record drawings of installed pipework and
products, in accordance with requirements of the Specification, Division 1.

F.

Maintenance Data:
products.

Submit maintenance data and parts lists for system materials and

Include this data, product data, Shop Drawings, and submit drawings in

maintenance manual; in accordance with requirements of the Specification, Division 1.

G.

Certificate of Compliance.

H.

Field Test Reports:

Indicate and interpret test results for compliance with performance

requirements.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.6

A.

Product Options: Drawings indicate size, profiles, and dimensional requirements of piping
and specialties and are based on the specific system selected.
performance characteristics may be considered.

Other products with equal

Refer to Division I Section "Product

Requirements. ,
.

B.

Regulatory Requirements:

C.

Comply with standards of authorities having jurisdiction for piping, including materials,
installation, and testing.

D.

1.7

Piping materials shall bear label, stamp, or other markings of specified testing agency.

DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A.

Do not store plastic pipe, and fittings in direct sunlight.

B.

Protect pipe, pipe fittings, and seals from dirt and damage.

C.

Handle

pipes,

precast

concrete

manholes

and

other

structures

according

to

the

manufacturer,s written instructions.

D.

Manufacturer's recommendations on handling, repairing, laying, jointing, anchoring, cutting

and other works for pipes and fittings are to be strictly followed.

1.8

PROJECT CONDITIONS
A.

Site Information:

Perform site survey, research public utility records, and verify existing

utility locations.
B.
C.

Locate existing structures and piping, if any, to be closed and abandoned.

Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt or interfere with utilities serving facilities on the Project
site or on adjoining property unless permitted by Engineer under the following conditions
and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements
indicated or directed:

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THIRD SAUDI EXPANSION OF HOLY HARAM MAKKAH & SURROUNDING AREAS
CENTRAL UTILITY COMPLEX & SERVICE TUNNEL

I.

NotifY the Engineer not less than 72 hours in advance of proposed utility
interruptions.

2.

Do not proceed with utility interruptions without the Engineer's written permission.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

PIPING MATERIALS

2.1
A.

2.2

Refer to Part 3 "Piping Applications" Article for applications of pipe and fitting materials.

PIPES AND FITTINGS

A.

Concrete Pipes:
I.

Pipe to BS 5911 Part 100 1988 Class H or ASTM C76-95A Class IV or DIN 4032
Class KW, or to AASHTO M86. Cement used in manufacture is to be ordinary
Portland cement to BS 12.

2.

Joints shall be of gasket type with flexible spigots and sockets. The shape of the joint
must be designed to prevent any movement of the gasket during assembly and as such
produce full water tightness. Rubber gasket shall be to BS 2494.

3.

External protection for pipes :

a.

Pipes above groundwater level: Protection for external surfaces shall be

b.

Pipes below groundwater level: Protection for external surfaces shall be app

bituminous damp-proofing as specified in Section 07115.

modified bituminous sheet waterproofing as specified in Section 07135.
B.

Ductile Iron pipes:

I.

Pipe to EN 598 or equivalent and shall meet the quality standards of ISO 9002. Pipes
shall be class K9.

2.

Spigot and socket flexible joints shall be of the push-fit type with gaskets of ethylene
propylene rubber (EPDM). Spigot and socket shall provide a minimum angular
deflection of 4 degrees without leakage at the works test pressure specified. Joint
deflection at installation shall not exceed 50% of the manufacturer maximum
allowable.

3.

Spigot and socket ended pipes shall be used for straight runs and adjacent to elbows
or fittings. These joints shall be provided with rubber gaskets, and an external
thrust block is required at elbows or fittings. Anchored or self restrained joints (
locked joints ) shall be used for sections adjacent to elbows in areas where space is
restricted or indicated on the Drawings or BOQ or located inside the utility ttmnel.
Anchored joints are to be push-in, self anchored type able to take up the axial forces
thus allowing concrete thrust blocks to be dispensed with. The Contractor shall
submit calculations verifYing the number of restrained joints required noting that pipe
pressure testing will be made when pipes are partially backfilled or restrained in
utility tunnel.

4.

Self anchored flexible joints shall incorporate a weld on flange and tie bolts or similar
self-restrained joint system. The joints shall be suitable for a working pressure of 25
bars with an allowable deflection of 4 degrees.

5.

Flanged pipes wherever specified shall have screwed-on or east-on flanges to sustain

6.

Flanges shall conform to BS 4504 [2]

working pressure of NP 25 minimum.

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7.

Pipes and fittings shall be given an external coating of zinc in accordance with EN
598 or ISO 8179 and a finishing coat of either cold applied bitumen according to
BS3416 Type II material, or hot applied bitumen to BS 4147 Type I Grade C.

8.

Pipes shall be lined internally with alumina cement mortar and shall comply with EN
598 or ISO 4179. Fittings shall be coated internally with epoxy.

9.

Ductile

iron

pipes

and

fittings

shall

be

supplied

throughout

complete

with

polyethylene sleeving to BS 6076 and plastic adhesive tape in accordance with the
pipe manufacturer recommendations.
10.

Factory protection for fittings:

a.

Fittings shall be coated internally and externally by dipping, or other method,

using hot applied coal tar based material to BS 4164 [5] or hot applied
bitumen to BS 3416 [4], Type 1, grade d, minimum thickness 10 mil.

2.3
A.

MANHOLES AND CHAMBERS

Normal-Traffic Precast Concrete Manholes: ASTM C 478M, precast, reinforced concrete,
of depth indicated, with provision for rubber gasketed joints.
I.

Diameter: 1200 mm minimum, unless otherwise indicated.

2.

Ballast:

Increase thickness of precast concrete sections or add concrete to base

section, as required to prevent flotation.

3.

Base Section:

150 mm minimum thickness for floor slab and 100-mm minimum

thickness for walls and base riser section, and having separate base slab or base
section with integral floor.
4.

Riser Sections: I00 mm minimum thickness, and lengths to provide depth indicated.

5.

Top Section: Eccentric-cone type. Top of cone of size that matches grade rings.

6.

Gaskets: ASTM C 443M rubber.

7.

Grade Rings: Include two or three brick or reinforced-concrete rings, of 150 to 225
mm total thickness, that match 610 mm diameter frame and cover.

8.

Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923M, resilient, of size required, for each pipe connecting
to base section.

B.

Heavy-Traffic

Precast

Concrete

Manholes:

ASTM C 913;

designed

according

to

ASTM C 890 for A-16, heavy-traffic, structural loading; of depth, shape, and dimensions
indicated, with provision for rubber gasketed joints.
1.

Ballast: Increase thickness of one or more precast concrete sections or add concrete
to structure, as required to prevent flotation.

2.
3.

Gaskets: Rubber.
Grade Rings: Include two or three brick or reinforced-concrete rings, of 150 to 225
mm total thickness, that match 610 mm diameter frame and cover.

4.

Pipe

Connectors:

ASTM C 923M, resilient, of

size required, for

each

pipe

connecting to base section.

C.

Manhole Frames and Covers:

Ductile iron to BS EN 124 or equivalent, epoxy coated,

ventilated top. Suitable lifting device for covers to be provided at a rate of one for every 10
covers. Frames

to be bolted to manhole to ensure proper fixity. Wording on cover is to be

as approved on Site. Types to be as follows:

1.

For roadways: Class 0400 heavy duty non-rock type for wheel loads up to 11.5 tons.
Minimum test load 400KN.

2.

For sidewalks: Class 8125, light duty. Minimum test load 125 KN.

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3.
D.

Size: As indicated on the Drawings.

Manhole Cover Inserts: Manufactured, GRP form, of size to fit between manhole frame and
cover and designed to prevent stormwater inflow. Include handle for removal and gasket
for gaslight sealing.

E.

2.4

Step Irons shall be to BS 1247: PTI

STORMWATER INLETS
A.

Gutter Inlets: Made with horizontal gutter opening, of materials and dimensions according
to utility standards. Include frames and grates.

B.

2.5

Frames and Grates: Frames and grates according to utility standards:

I.

Material: BS EN 124, or ASTM A 536, ductile-iron casting.

2.

Grate Free Area: Approximately 50 percent, unless otherwise indicated.

GRATED CHANNELS/INTERCEPTORS/CULVERTS
A.

Normal-Traffic, Precast

channel:

ASTM C 478M, precast, reinforced concrete, of depth

indicated, with provision for rubber gasketed joints.

I.

Base Section:

200 mm minimum thickness for floor slab and 200 mm minimum

thickness for walls and base riser section, and having separate base slab or base
section with integral floor.
2.

Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923M, resilient, of size required, for each pipe connecting
to base section.

B.

Cast-in-Place Concrete, channel:

Construct of reinforced concrete; designed according to

ASTM C 890 for heavy structural loading; of depth, shape, dimensions, and appurtenances
indicated.
I.

C.

Bottom, Walls, and Top: Reinforced concrete.

Grates and frames: Ductile iron to BS EN 124 or equivalent, epoxy coated, solid top.
Frames to be bolted to manhole/gully bricks to ensure proper fixity. Wording on cover is to
be as approved on Site.

2.6

CONCRETE
A.

General: Reinforced cast-in-place concrete according to Division 3 Section "Cast-in-Place

Concrete", and the following:
I.

Cement: ASTM C 150.

2.

Design Mix: 30 MPa minimum, with 0.45 maximum water-cementitious materials

3.

Channels and Benches:

ratio.
Field formed from concrete 30 MPa minimum, with 0.45

maximum water-cementitious materials ratio. Include channels and benches in

manholes.

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THIRD SAUDI EXPANSION OF HOLY HARAM MAKKAH & SURROUNDING AREAS
CENTRAL UTILITY COMPLEX & SERVICE TUNNEL
2.7
A.

PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Protective coating for internal surfaces shall be bituminous damp-proofing as specified in
Section 07115.

B.

Waterproofing for external surfaces:

Structures above groundwater level: Waterproofing for external surfaces shall be

I.

bituminous damp-proofing as specified in Section 07115.

2.

Structures below groundwater level: Waterproofing for external surfaces shall be app
modified bituminous sheet waterproofing as specified in Section 07135.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

EARTHWORK

3.1
A.

Excavating, trenching, and backfilling are specified in Division 2 Section "Excavation and
fill.

II

IDENTIFICATION

3.2
A.

Materials and their installation are specified in Division 2 Section "Earthwork." Arrange for
installing green warning tapes directly over piping and at outside edges of underground
structures.
I.

2.

Use warning tape or detectable warning tape over ferrous piping.

Use detectable warning tape over nonferrous piping and over edges of underground
structures.

PIPING APPLICATIONS

3.3
A.
B.

General: Include watertight joints.

Refer to Part 2 of this Section for detailed specifications for pipe and fitting products listed
below. Use pipe, fittings, and joining methods according to applications indicated.

C.

Gravity-Flow, Non pressure Piping: Reinforced Concrete pipe and fittings; gaskets; and
gasketed joints.

D.

Force-Main, Pressure Piping: Ductile iron pipes.

I.

Underground Piping: Use Ductile Iron spigot and socket ended pipe.

2.

Inside the technical galle1y culvert piping: Use Ductile Iron pipes with locked joints.

INSTALLATION, GENERAL

3.4
A.

General Locations and Arrangements: Drawing plans and details indicate general location
and arrangement of underground storm drainage piping. Location and arrangement of
piping layout take design considerations into account. Install piping as indicated, to extent
practical.

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B.

Install piping beginning at low point, true to grades and alignment indicated with unbroken
continuity of invert. Place bell ends of piping facing upstream.

Install gaskets, seals,

sleeves, and couplings according to the manufacturer's written instructions for use of
lubricants, cements, and other installation requirements. Maintain swab or drag in line, and
pull past each joint as it is completed.
C.

Use manholes for changes in direction, unless fittings are indicated. Use fittings for branch
connections, unless direct tap into existing sewer is indicated.

D.

Install two flexible joints. Install the first joint at l diameter distance maximum from outside
face of manhole and the second joint at not more than the following distances away from the
first joint:
l.

E.

Pipelines not exceeding 450 mm diameter:

l.O m.

Install piping and connect to storm drains, of sizes and in locations indicated.

Terminate

piping as indicated.
l.

Install gravity-flow piping pitched down in direction of flow, at minimum slope of I

percent, unless otherwise indicated along network profiles. A detailed method
statement shall be submitted for the engineer approval.

F.

3.5

Tunneling: Install pipe under streets o r other obstructions that cannot b e disturbed by
tunneling, jacking, or a combination of both.

PIPE JOINT CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION

A.

General: Join and install pipe and fittings according to installations indicated.

B.

Refer to Division 2 Section "Piped Utilities- Basic Materials and Methods" for basic piping
joint construction and installation.

C.

Join piping made of different materials or dimensions with couplings made for this
application. Use couplings that are compatible with and that fit both systems' materials and
dimensions.

D.

Install with top surfaces of components, except piping, flush with finished surface.

E.

Follow manufacturer's instructions regarding placement of bedding and backfilling,

cleanliness of joint surfaces, lubricant used, correct location of components, provision of
correct gaps between end of spigot and back of socket, maximum permissible deflection of
joints for detachable couplings and flexible joints, provision of flexible joints for
connections to pipes built into structures.

3.6

MANHOLE INSTALLATION
A.
B.

General: Install manholes, complete with appurtenances and accessories indicated.

Set tops of frames and covers flush with finished surface of manholes that occur in
pavements. Set tops 75 mm above finished surface elsewhere, unless otherwise indicated.

C.

Precast Units: The Contractor shall cast in steel watertight forms at least 3 weeks before
sections are used. The Contractor shall bed lowest unit on in situ concrete base and bed and

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haunch in cement mortar. The Contractor shall liberally coat joints of units with approved
bituminous material of trowelling grade prior to fixing. The Contractor shall ensure joints
are filled solid and neatly strike off surplus compound. The Contractor shall not disturb
work for 7 days thereafter. Alternatively, the Contractor shall seal joints with approved
preformed jointing strip in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and shall bed precast
concrete cover slab on top unit in cement mortar.
D.

External Coating: Refer to Part 2 "Protective Coatings" for related specifications.

E.

Internal Coating: Refer to Part 2 "Protective Coatings" for related specifications.

F.

Step Irons: The Contractor shall cast into precast units or grout into preformed mortices.
The Contractor shall not use step irons as lifting eyes. Devices for lifting and handling shall
be provided on exterior faces.

G.

Adjustment for Level: The Contractor shall build top courses of brickwork or concrete rings
after completion of surrounding levels and adjust as necessmy to give accurate and even
final levels.

H.

Covers and Gratings: The Contractor shall bed frame solidly in mortar and fix firmly using
fixing bolts and set cover in position to prevent twisting. The Contractor shall position
centrally over opening and level and square with surrounding finishes.

3.7

CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE

A.

Refer to Division 3 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for formwork, reinforcement, and

concrete.

3.8

FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A.

Clear interior of piping and structures of dirt and superfluous material as work progresses.
Maintain swab or drag in piping, and pull past each joint as it is completed.
1.

In large, accessible piping, brushes and brooms may be used for cleaning.

2.

Place plug in end of incomplete piping at end of day and when work stops.

3.

Flush piping between manholes and other structures to remove collected debris, if
required by the Engineer or authorities having jurisdiction.

B.

Inspect interior of piping to determine whether line displacement or other damage has
occurred. Inspect after approximately 600 mm of backfill is in place, and again immediately
prior to Substantial Completion. Submit separate reports for each system inspection.

C.

Alignment: Tolerances are to be 6 mm in level and 25 mm in line between manholes or

access points unless otherwise specified. Where pipe is to be constructed in straight lines
between manholes or lampholes, the length will not be accepted if a light at each manhole or
lamphole cannot be seen from adjacent manholes.

D.

Test new piping systems, and parts of existing systems that have been altered, extended, or
repaired, for leaks and defects as follows:

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I.

Field testing: Generally

a.

Provision of test equipment: All items for test have to be provided on site
before the test, i.e. pressure gauges, instruments, water etc.

b.

Carry out tests in the presence of the Engineer's Representative.

c.

Fittings and joints: Permanently anchor fittings before testing and leave all
joints exposed for checking.

d.

Test sections: Test gravity sewers in sections between manholes.

e.

Test sections: Limit test sections in pressure lines to not more than 500 m.

f.

Test sections: Test pressure lines between valve chambers whenever possible.

g.

Test plug: Secure end of main and test plug by struts.

h.

Closed valve: Do not test against a closed valve unless there is no acceptable
alternative.

i.

Apply pressure by manually operated test pump or, in the case of large
diameter mains, by power driven test pump, if approved.

j.

Examine exposed joints and repair visible leaks.

k.

Failure: Should a test fail, locate leak and replace or make good defective pipe

I.

Records: Keep test records in an approved form.

or replace and make good faulty joint. Retest main.

Hand original copy to the

Engineer immediately after completion of test.

m.

Non-pressure lines not exceeding 1000 mm diameter are to be air tested before

n.

backfilling and hydrostatic tested after backfilling.

Non-pressure lines over 1000 mm diameter are to be visually inspected from

o.

Non-pressure lines: Carry out infiltration tests where crown of pipe at high part

p.

Pressure lines: Carry out hydrostatic test while pipeline is partially backfilled.

the inside and tested at joints by hydraulic individual joint test.

of length under test is more than 1 . 2 m below water table.

2.

Hydrostatic Testing of Non-pressure Pipelines:

a.
b.

Procedure is to be as described for pressure pipelines.

Test pressure: 1 . 0 m head of water above pipe soffit at highest point and not
greater than 6 m head of water at lowest point of section under test. If
maximum head is exceeded, test section in stages.

3.

c.

Test period 30 minutes.

d.

Allowable leakage: 0.02 litres/linear metre/metre diameter/30 minutes.

Hydrostatic testing of pressure pipelines

a.

Fill pipe slowly with water from lowest point. Do not use power-driven pump

b.

Fill absorbant pipes with water and allow to stand for at least 24 hours to allow

c.

Entrapped air is to be bled before pressurizing.

d.

Pressurizing is to continue until specified test pressure is reached in lowest part

unless approved.
complete absorption.

of section under test.

Bleed further quantities of entrapped air while raising

pressure.
e.

Maintain test pressure for specified test duration with pumping stopped.

f.

Repressurize to original test pressure and record respective volumes of water

pumped.

g.

Failure: Pipeline will be deemed to have failed test if:

h.

Visible leaks are detected, regardless of leakage being within specified limits.

i.

Volume of water lost during period when pumping was stopped exceeds
allowable leakage.

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j.
k.
I.

Test pressure: Generally 1.5 times the maximum sustained pressure, minimum
15 kg/cm2.
Test period: 2 hours.
Allowable leakage 0.1 litre/mm diameter/km length/day/30 m of applied
pressure.

4.

Air Testing of Pipelines:

a.

Test procedure to BS EN 752: Parts 2-4.

b.

Plug effectively length under test.

c.

Apply pressure by approved method (i.e. hand pump) until a pressure

d.

Pressure drop: Without further pumping, pressure is not to fall by more than

e.

Failure to pass the air test is not conclusive and if no leakage can be traced by

120 mm head of water is indicated on aU-tube connected to the system.

25 mm in a period of 5 minutes.
external application of soapy water to all sealing areas then an hydrostatic test
is to be carried out before final rejection.
5.

Infiltration Test for Gravity Pipes:

a.

Timing: Carry out test after total backfilling of length under test.

b.
c.

Measure residual flow by approved method i.e. weir or other.

d.

Infiltration limits: The following limits are not to be exceeded:

Plug effectively all inlets to system as directed.

I)

Pipelines not exceeding 700 mm: 0.02 litres/hour/I 00 linear metres/mm

2)

Pipelines over 700 mm: 0.03 litres/hour/100 linear metres/mm diameter.

diameter.
e.

Failure: Test will be deemed to have failed if allowable infiltration water is

exceeded. Locate source of excessive infiltration by approved means i.e.
traversing light and mirrors or inflated rubber plug etc. and make good.
Repeat test until successful.

6.

Visual Inspection Test:

a.

Timing: Carry out test after total backfilling of length under test.

b.

Limit of length to be tested at one time is three full- length pipes unless

c.

Apparatus:Use rubber tyred bogies which do not damage lining of pipe and

d.

an adequate supply of electric lamps.

Check joints by means of feelers to ensure rubber rings are correctly located.

e.

Check pipe barrel for visible cracks.

otherwise approved.

7.

Hydraulic Individual Joint Test for Pipes Exceeding I 000 mm:

a.

Procedure: Carry out to BS 5886, Type 2 testing after backfilling, or

equivalent. Pressurize joint to 2 bars. Wait for 10 minutes at the end of which
repressure to 2 bars. Wait for 5 minutes. No pressure drop shall be observed
at the end of the latter period.

b.
c.

Test period: 5 minutes.

d.

Allowable leakage or pressure drop: None.

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8.

Cleaning and Inspection of sewers:

a.

Cleaning: Clean pipeline of silt and debris after backfilling pipe trenches and
completing manholes, hatch boxes etc. but before surfaces are permanently
reinstated and make ready for inspection by the Engineer's Representative.

b.

Inspection: Pipelines of 700 mm diameter and over are, where practicable, to

be inspected from the inside and when necessary a suitable trolley is to be
provided for this purpose.

c.

Inspection: Pipelines less than 700 mm diameter and larger pipelines which
cannot be inspected from the inside, are to be inspected by passing a cylinder
of diameter 25 mm less than the internal diameter of the pipe and length not
less than the internal diameter of the pipe through each pipeline.

E.

Testing of manholes: Plug manhole inlets and outlets, fill manhole with water and allow to
stand for at least 24 hours or such longer period to allow for complete absorption. Re-top
with water.

Allowable leakage over 24 hours is not to exceed I% of total volume of

manhole, otherwise make good and retest.

END OF SECTION 02630

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