Several Papers on the Philosophy of the Composition of Verbs with Prepositions in Greek - As

Illustrated by the Greek of Thucydides. Fifth Paper

Author(s): David H. Holmes
Source: The New York Latin Leaflet, Vol. 2, No. 48 (Apr. 21, 1902), pp. 1-2
Published by: Classical Association of the Atlantic States
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40405061
Accessed: 23-02-2015 18:19 UTC

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THE NEW

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October39,190
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Brooklyn, New York, April 21, 1902

25 isMlcg
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Scholarship Fund

No 48

milipossibleturnto perhapsthemostcomprehensive
tarytermin the whole rangeof the language,would
most naturallybe necessary,owing to the military
characterof thedepartment.This would accountfor
the large prepositional
in Thucydides.
rangeof aTCku
In Homer on the otherhand,wherethe department
Several Papers on The Philosophyof the Com- is the same, its rangeis limitedto 14, includingthe
positionof VerbswithPrepositionsin Greek poetic%", whileaivualone has a rangeof 15,which
-as Illustratedby the Greekof Thucydides increases to 17, countingju^,in connectionwith
vr still being the missing
Ipxopai(Wev)and rf/u,
link. This influenceof department
manifests itself
FIFTHPAPER
where atu
again in a negativeway in Demosthenes,
Objections Refuted
stands 15 (doaXhuthe mostmilitaryof all military
I It may be urged that a7Juaialthoughnot ex- terms,naturallybeingmissing), whilethe elfu-pxo/iaistands16.
pressingpuremotionas we have definedit,inasmuch and aivu-combination
II Anotherobjectionof verymuchthe same sort
as the characterof the motionis designated,neverin the verbs
thelesshas a larger range of prepositionsthan any mightbe raisedfromthe factthatyp<pu
otherverbincludingany of thoseinstancedas verbs of speech,has a range of 9 prepositions,which is
of relativelypure motion. That is to say, a.u largerthanthatof any of the verbscitedas expressheads the list with a range of 16 prepositions,no ing relativelypure speech, ayopevo,elnov or ?.tyu.
has a rangeof but 4, dizov7, and Ai-yw
othersingleverbiB Thucydideshavingmorethan14. True, yopevu
'Tttis theonlypreposition
out of the 17 properprose 5. But here again, as in the case of verbs of relaprepositionswith which it does not combine. But tivelypure physical motion,no one of the verbs
both fupand virare in its Homericrange. On the makes a completesystemof Attic tenses. Taken
otherhand,d/uhas a rangeof only12, pxofiai
(k/Selv) collectivelythey have a range of 10 prepositions.
Tpifujhad the advantagein thatit startedlife as a
and
three
consideraare
In
there
13,
aivu13.
reply,
tions that mustnot be overlooked: (1) Not one of verb of actual motion. Its later legal sphere was
the verbs ei/u,epxoMi(Wev)and aivu.has in its sim- again in its favor. That ypfushouldget the better
and hence they of the verbsmost nearlycolorlessin the orators,is
ple forma completetense-system,
thethreeverbs what would be expected fromthe legal technique
Take
deficiencies.
each
other's
supply
as one, however,and the range of prepositionsin- employedin that department. Accordingly,in Dethe proportionis 13 for ypyo,as against
creases to 15.
(2) The absence of vr fromthe mosthenes,
elirov
and ya>.
range of eifu,pxopai(eauev)and aivu is significant. 8 for the groupyopeva,
vrL
This
conIll
A
of
third
be
is
intense
It
due to the
objectionmay foundin the narrow
feeling
of theverbsiitvofiai
sciousnessof apr shows itselfin otherways to be rangeof prepositions
and otXu,
is so markedas to in which tHe notion of motion clearly predomnoticedlateron. Its sensitiveness
attracta verb of more feelingor color than mere inates. Here again the communityof feelingbemotion, and hence it is found with verbs like tween verb and prepositioncomes into play, espeof cially in the case of lavo/tai.In invojiat,
cIttov,
otjj/u,
yuvofiaiy
raou,etc. This community
"arrive",
feelingbetweenverb and prepositionwe shall have the point of view of the motionis "whence". The
occasionto noticeagain in stillothermanifestations. notion is not so much "Come to", as "come from
That the feelingof vr in compositionis stronger
to". Hence n is the prepositionfor which
in
has the strongestaffinity.But the addition
thanthatof any otherpreposition,
diproappears
iKvo/Mt
theticsand triprothetics.Its range of diprothetics of n did not create any modification
in the idea
relativeto its wholecombinablerangeis greaterthan of theverb. The notionwas still"arrive",the point
that of any otherprepositionand it is firstelement of view of the motion being simply reinforced.
in 5 out of 9 triprothetics.(3) a/iluis a military Now began a race betweennvofiai
and <j>iKvofiat
in
term. Thucydides is a militaryhistory. Every which fiKvofiai
was the winner,debarringits rival
TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOLARSHIP FUND
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ofEducation
Nicholas Murray Butler, CollegeEntranceExaminationBoard
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THE

LATIN

LEAFLET

entirelyfrom the track of prose. The problem ond element,give,in feeling,practicallya monoprowhich the language thenhad to solve had changed thetic resultant. In this same way xoqpaiastonfrom definingthe directionof ixvo/iat
to defining ishes us with a range of 6 combinations,
although
the directionof Qixvopat,
thatis, fromdefiningthe both a usurpationand an exclusivein its monoprodirectionof a simple,to definingthe directionof a theticform. The explanation,however,is easy, as
of vpcuare practicallymonoprothetic
compound. But the language does not take so the diprothetics
kindly to diprotheticcompositionas to monopro- in feeling,owingto loss of color in ara, the second
thetic,and althoughattemptwas made even here elementin composition.
toward diprotheticcomposition,of which occaIn the case of triprothetics,
7 in all, the range of
sional evidence remains(elaa(j>ixvo/at
Od 12 40; 8 verbs is too narrowfor valuable resultsfromcomtimes in Homer; npo-and irpooafixvo/LLai,
see Table parison,but so far as they go, they fall into line
in this case to show the direc- with the views advanced in this paper. Four of
II*), yet it preferred
tion by prepositionsin the simpleform. The com- them,yu,l/u,epxoai
all in the fore(kMv),
lorrifu,
bination Qucvofiai
made the loss of color of or groundas verbsof motion,will also be remembered
the as the most prominentdiprothetics
and among the
merelya matterof time. Thus in ixvofMi
compoundhas usurpedthe place of the simple,the mostprominent
monoprothetics.It is a curiousfact
adu and evpiaxo,in
prepositionn havingcome in to the exclusion (or that the remainingthree,Aaww,
thougha few cases whichthe idea of motionis by no means secondary,
nearlyso) of otherprepositions,
exist of iKvo/iai
in compositionwith i, x (one are not found among the diprotheticsof Thucydieach in Thuc), withit x and xar (Horn) and x des. The discussionof these verbs in theirtriprotheticrelationbelongsto the iraprjvaof Thu(Dem).
The case of <rreUuis of the same kind with the cydides,a treatmentof which is not germaneto
additional circumstancethat the officialcharacter this investigation.
DHH
of arXXcj
gives it a muchnarrowerrangeof prepositions (see Table I). When arXlu fails, rrfiizu
IMPORTANT NOTICE
suppliesthe deficiencies.
Additionalevidence for the truth of our main
The Sixth Meeting of The Latin Club
thesisis derivedfroma considerationof the diproSend Your Postal Card at Once
theticsand triprothetics.Here as in monoprothetic
there
wherethereexists mostmobility,
The sixth regular meetingof The New York
composition,
exists also mostmodification.The more nearlythe Latin Qub is called for Saturday,May 17, at 12 m,
idea of the simpleverbapproachespure motion,the in the Hotel Albert,cornerof UniversityPlace and
wider its range of diprotheticcombinations.Pur- Eleventh Street,New York. ProfessorCharles G
we Herbermann,of the College of the City of New
suing the same methodas in monoprothetics,
find that, with referenceto range of diprothetic York, will address the Qub on a subject to be anthe verbs run as follows:
nouncedlater. A briefpaper may also be read by
combinations,
one of the membersof the Qub. All personswho
xpu
5
kmtfu
13
are interested,
whetherteachersof Latin or not,are
Xeiiru
11
4
elfic
cordiallyinvitedto be present. The plan is to serve
areXXu
luncheon (50 cents a plate for members,75 cents
10
4
pxofiai(Wev)
forguests) at 12 m promptly,
so thatthereshall be
*?ox)
3
yio
9
no delay. The addresswill followthe luncheon,and
iaCo
3
aivo
9
adjournmentwill occurabout2pm, thusleavingthe
8
a/iho
ytyvaxu
3
afternoonstill unbrokenfor thosewho attend.
6
ufii
H F TowLE,President
apio
3
A L Hodges, Secretary
6
xu
ofiai
3
jipai
irTo

6
6

fatfiavu

VXkvfi
Tdjfu

(ppio

For further
particularssee Table II*.

3
3

The New Scholarship and Leaflet Patrons

We are more than pleased to announce as new
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The elfii-pxofiaL
-combinationgives
{iWeiv)-aivu>us here a remarkablerange of 22 prepositional
doublets. The prominenceof larijfiiin this connectionis interesting.The large numberof combinationspossiblewith laTtjfii
is due to the predominance of xar and v as second elementsin its
diprothetics.The modification
producedin the motion of loTijfiL
by xar and v in compositionwith
it, is not so much a change in its directionas a
reinforcement
and an extensionof it, fromopposite
points of view. "Up" and "down", like "high"
and "deep", are the same idea logically,but from
next financialstatementwill be made in
exactlyoppositepointsof view. So the diprothetic NoThe of
The Latin Leaflet, issue of May 5. Ac50
xar
of
av
which
have
or
Urrrt/ii
as seccompounds
of all subscriptionsreceivedfor the
knowledgment
* Table II oftheoriginalfourtables: see footnote
Scholarship Fund since our last statementwill be
in SecondPaper
No 43.
made in this issue.

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