Thermal Engineering-I PART-A Questions

Thermal Engineering I
1. What is meant by vacuum pressure?
The pressure below atmospheric pressure is called as vacuum pressure or
negative pressure (Pg).
2. Define specific heat capacity?
Its defined as the quantity of heat transfer required to raise or lower the
temperature of unit mass of substance through 1oC. Unit J/kg.K
3. State Boyles law?
Boyles law states that, when a gas is heated or cooled at constant
temperature, the volume of given mass of gas is inversely proportional to
absolute pressure.

4. What is the significance of isentropic process?

Entropy remains constant
There is no heat transfer during the process
There is change in internal energy
This process is very rapidly
5. Write the steady flow energy equation for a steam condenser?
Heat transfer, Q = h2 h1 J/kg.
6. What is meant by flow work?
Work required to push mass in or out of control volume is called flow
work. It is also called as Flow energy.
7. Define cut-off Ratio.
It is defined as ratio between cut off volume to clearance volume.

8. What is meant by coming-in speed in gas turbines?

While starting the turbine, it is first motored up to some minimum
speed called coming in speed by a starter motor before the fuel is turned
on.

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Thermal Engineering-I PART-A Questions

9. Draw the P-V Diagram of diesel cycle?

PV = C

P-

2 Q 3

Vc

Vs

4
Qr
1

V V1 = V4

10.Define volumetric efficiency of a compressor.

Volumetric efficiency is defined as the ratio of volume of free air sucked
into the compressor per cycle to the stroke volume of the cylinder.

vol
11.State any two applications of gas turbines.
Thermal process industry.
Power generation.
Petro chemical industry.
12.State any two methods of Compression of air.
Isentropic compression in compressor.
Constant pressure heating of air in regenerator.
Constant pressure heating in turbine.
Isentropic expansion in the turbine.
13.Define water equivalent of Calorimeter apparatus.
The amount of water absorbed that would absorb the same amount
of heat as the calorimeter per degree temperature increase.
14.What is the use of Orsat apparatus?
Orsat apparatus is used to find constituents of flue gas.
15.What is meant by scavenging in an internal combustion engines?
Scavenging is the process of forcing out the burnt exhaust gases from
the cylinder by admitting the fresh charge into the cylinder.

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Thermal Engineering-I PART-A Questions

16.Mention the firing order of four cylinder internal combustion engines.

4 Cylinder 1-3-4-2 or 1-2-4-3. 6 Cylinder 1-5-3-6-2-4.
17.Define brake power.
Useful Power available at crank shaft is called as brake power.
B.P = 2 N T (KW)
18.Mention any two unaccounted heat losses in heat engines.
Heat lost due to radiation.
Heat lost due to exhaust gases.
19.What is heat exchanger?
It is the apparatus which transfers minimum heat energy from a hot fluid to
cold fluid. Types of heat exchanger Parallel flow & counter flow.
20.Define thermal conductivity.
Thermal conductivity is the amount of heat flows in one second through a
solid material of area 1 m2 and thickness of 1m when the change in
temperature of faces is 1 C or K.
21.State zeroth law of thermodynamics.
It states that, when two systems are separately in thermal equilibrium with
a third system, then they themselves are in thermal equilibrium with a third
system, then they themselves are equilibrium with each other.
A

C
22.State STP condition.
Standard Temperature 15 C
Standard Pressure 760mm of Mercury = 101.325 KN / m2
23.State any two examples of isolated system?
Entire university
24.Define Enthalpy.
The combination of internal energy and flow energy is known as
enthalpy of the system. It is denoted by H.
H = U + p.V (kJ)
25. What is free expansion process?
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Thermal Engineering-I PART-A Questions

When a gas expands suddenly into a vacuum through a large orifice,

free expansion occurs.
26.Give two examples for reversible process.
Piston and cylinder
Shaping machine return mechanism.
27.What is the effect of cut off ratio on efficiency of diesel cycle?
When the cut-off ratio () increases, the efficiency of diesel cycle decreases.
28.Define control surface?
Control surface is the boundary of the control volume.
29.Write the general steady flow energy equation.

30.Name the types of compression process used in air compression?

Isentropic or Adiabatic compression.
Polytropic Compression.
Isothermal compression.
31.State the types of jet propulsion systems?
Turbo jet units
Turbo propeller units
Ram-jet units
32.State any two applications of rockets?
Signals & Fireworks
Satellites
Long range artillery
Spaceships
Lethal weapon
Metrological research
Jet assisted take off
33.Write the expression for theoretical minimum (stoichiometric) air
required for complete combustion of 1Kg of fuel.
Vair =

] (m3)

34.What is the use of junkers calorimeter?

It is used to find calorific value of gaseous fuels.
35.Mention two types of piston rings?
Compression ring
Oil ring
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Thermal Engineering-I PART-A Questions

36.Name the main elements of fuel supply system in petrol engines?

Carburetor
Crank shaft
Spark plug
Connecting rod
Piston
Cylinder head
Piston Ring
Cylinder liners
37.What are the various test conducted on an IC engines?
Commercial test
Thermodynamic test
38.What is Morse test?
Morse test is used to find indicated power of one cylinder on a multi
cylinder.
39.Write the expression for heat conduction through a cylinder?
(
)
( )
( )
40.Define black body?
An ideal body which absorbs all the incident energy and neither
reflects nor transmits any part of it.
= 1; , = 0.
41.State the law of conservation of energy?
It states that Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but it can be
transferred from one form to another form
42.Define Entropy.
Entropy is defined as a function of quantity of heat with respect to
temperature.

J/K or KJ/K

43.What is throttling process?

When a gas or vapour expands and flows through an aperture of
small size opening, the process is called throttling.
Q = 0; W = 0
44.Give two examples of irreversible process?
Throttling process.
Free expansion process.
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Thermal Engineering-I PART-A Questions

Ideal Efficiency

Generation of heat by friction.

45.What is the effect of compression ratio on efficiency of Otto cycle?
Efficiency of otto cycle increases with increase in compression ratio.

Compression Ratio

46.Define control volume?

It is the system where volume is controlled by flowing of fluid by
steady state. The control surface is the boundary of control volume.
47.Write the steady flow energy equation for reciprocating air compressor.
SSEE for Reciprocating Air compressor
Work input W = Q + (h1 - h2) J / Kg
SSEE for Rotary Air compressor
Work input W = h1 - h2 J / Kg
48.State the disadvantages of single stage reciprocating air compressor?
Handling of high pressure air results in leakage through the piston.
Cooling of the gas is not effective.
Requires a stronger cylinder to withstand high delivery pressure.
49.How rotary compressors are classified?
Positive displacement air compressors.
Non positive (Dynamic) air compressors.
50.State the methods for improvement of thermal efficiency of open cycle
gas turbine plant.
Intercooling improves thermal efficiency.
Regeneration.
51.What type of propellant is mostly used in rocket engine?
Liquid propellant is mostly used in rocket engine.
52.What is meant by excess air?
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Thermal Engineering-I PART-A Questions

In actual practice of engine, excess air than theoretical amount of air is

called excess air.
53.Write Dulongs formula for higher calorific value of fuel?
HCV = 33800C + 144000 [

(KJ/Kg)

54.What is the purpose of connecting rod?

It connects the piston and crank shaft. It transmits the force of
explosion during power stroke to crank shaft.
55.Name the main elements of fuel supply system in diesel engines.
Storage Tank
Fuel Filter
Fuel pump
Carburetors
56.Define Indicated power?
Indicated power is the actual power developed inside the engine.
IP
(KW)
57.Define specific fuel consumption?
It is the amount of fuel consumed per brake power of work.

58.State the modes of heat transfer?

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
59.Define transparent body?
Transparent bodies permit all the incident radiation to pass through them.
= 1, = 0, = 0

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