Analysis

Trend
As the glucose concentration increase from 0.01M to 0.10M the rate of anaerobic respiration
increase, shown as the volume of carbon dioxide produced increased.
From 0.02M to 0.04M there is a steeper increase in the volume of carbon dioxide produced.
The
Reliability
My range bars for are quite close together, especially for my readings taken for 0.08M and 0.10M
of glucose, so I can be confident in my mean, although my range bars for 0.02M is quite large so I
am least confident in this mean.
Variability
My range bar for 0.02M of the glucose concentration is very large in comparison to my other results
and more reading could change the relative position of the trend.
My range bars from 0.04M to 0.06M overlap so I am less confident in the position of the plots on
the graph although the mean still provides a very clear trend and even with more readings, it is
unlikely the relative position of the trend would change.
Accuracy
The yeast was in suspension meaning no accurate reading could be taken and compared of the exact
value of yeast cells in each plunger.
The syringe may not have been completely air tight resulting in some lost of gas so my readings for
the volume of carbon dioxide collected is not entirely accurate.
Improvements
More readings could be taken for concentrations of glucose after 0.10M in order to find where the
graph levels off. I would the repeat the experiment as before but take readings for 0.12M, 0.14M
and 0.16M.
Theory
The rate of respiration is low for low concentrations of glucose, in this case 0.01M, because there
aren't enough glucose molecules within the suspension for efficient anaerobic respiration within the
yeast cells. During glycolysis, the yeast enzymes responsible for the initial phosphorylation of
glucose are far more abundant compared to the number of glucose molecules. It is the amount of
substrate available that is the limiting factor and the least number of enzyme-substrate molecules
are formed at 0.01M.
As the glucose concentration increases, more glucose molecules are available so the number of
enzyme-subtrate complexes increases and more glucose is converted into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
of the yeast cells. During glycolsis, the hydrogens are removed by the reduced NAD but the reduced
NAD is unable to dontated electrons to the electron transport chain and become oxidised because
the conditions are anaerobic; Krebs cycle, link reaction and the ETC cannot function.
The pyruvates produced from glucose during glycolysis instead are then converted to ethanal
releasing CO2. It is this CO2 that is collected in the syringe and is being used to measure the rate of
anaerobic respiration. This ethanal is reduced to ethanol during the oxidation of NADH/H+.
Because of the high numbers of glucose substrate molecules, a large number of ES complexes are
formed quickly, due to the greater chance of collisions between the substrate and active site of the
enzyme. This means that pyruvate molecules are produced at a faster rate, and the rate that CO2 is
released during the conversion to ethanal is great. The rate of respiration increases at a decreasing
rate after 0.04M because the enzymes are becoming saturated with substrate. It is only after the
active site is empty that another reaction can take place.

Conclusion
My experiment provided results I could be confident in and three repeats provided and fairly
reliable mean.
Increasing the glucose concentration of a yeast suspension increases the rate of anaerobic
respiration. The rate of increase was fairly constant until 0.04M, after which the rate continued to
increase more slowly. The glucose provided a substrate for the yeast, which in the absence of
Oxygen is broken down into CO2 and ethanol. The CO2 provided us with a fairly accurate measure
of the rate of respiration. Further measurements would need to be taken to see where the graph
levels off.

Further Work
Independent Variable
Temperature of yeast suspension. 30C, 40C, 50C, 60C and 70C.
Control Variables
Glucose added will be kept at 0.01M.
Volume of yeast suspension should be kept at
Prediction