Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Febrero 2011
GSyC - 2011
c
2011
Grupo de Sistemas y Comunicaciones.
Algunos derechos reservados.
Este trabajo se distribuye bajo la licencia
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike
disponible en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.1/es
GSyC - 2011
Contenidos
Datagramas IP
Direcciones IP
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas vecinas
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas NO vecinas
IP e ICMP: traceroute
GSyC - 2011
Datagramas IP
Contenidos
Datagramas IP
Direcciones IP
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas vecinas
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas NO vecinas
IP e ICMP: traceroute
GSyC - 2011
Datagramas IP
Encapsulacion
Un datagrama IP se encapsula dentro de la parte de datos del
paquete del nivel de enlace.
Si el nivel de enlace es Ethernet, el datagrama IP viaja en la
parte de datos de la trama Ethernet.
*"+,-'
!"#$%$&"'
()'
*"+,-'()'
!"#$%$&"'
.+/$&0$+'
!"#$%$&"'
()'
*"+,-'.+/$&0$+'
*"+,-'()'
!1!'
!"#$%$&"'
.+/$&0$+'
!"#$%$&"'
()'
*"+,-'.+/$&0$+'
*"+,-'()'
!1!'
GSyC - 2011
Datagramas IP
Cabecera IP
!"#$%&'((
16
)*'+%,-.(
23*(."($"#!%/%*(
/01"/"#0((
%."'25/0.*#(.")(.0,0+#040(
!!"##
$%&'()#*&#+,*-.#
31
)*'+%,-.(,*,0)(.0,0+#040(
!"#$%&."(9#0+4"',0/%&'(
#"$(67(87(
(/)0)1)2)#
'($')#*+(."()0(/01"/"#0(
*,/&11,34#56#)/,7&4#
*,/&11,34#56#*&8%4)#
Datos IP
*3/%*'"$((
GSyC - 2011
6:;<=(>?(
Direcciones IP
Contenidos
Datagramas IP
Direcciones IP
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas vecinas
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas NO vecinas
IP e ICMP: traceroute
GSyC - 2011
Direcciones IP
GSyC - 2011
Direcciones IP
GSyC - 2011
Direcciones IP
Ejemplo
100.0.0.1
100.0.0.2
C
100.0.0.3
N0
100.0.0.254
100.0.0.253 Eth0
Direccin de red: 100.1.0.0
Direccin de broadcast: 100.1.255.255
100.1.0.1 Eth1
100.1.0.253
Direccin de red: 100.2.0.0
Direccin de broadcast: 100.2.255.255
GSyC - 2011
R1
100.1.0.2
100.1.0.3
N1
100.1.0.254
Eth0
R2
100.2.0.1 Eth1
F
100.2.0.2
N2
100.2.0.254
10
Direcciones IP
Subred 12.0.0.0/16:
direcci
on de red:
12.0.0.0
direcci
on de broadcast: 12.0.255.255
Subred 193.147.71.0/25:
direcci
on de red:
193.147.71.0
direcci
on de broadcast: 193.147.71.127
GSyC - 2011
11
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas vecinas
Contenidos
Datagramas IP
Direcciones IP
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas vecinas
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas NO vecinas
IP e ICMP: traceroute
GSyC - 2011
12
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas vecinas
Envo de A a B
Datagrama IP
A
10.0.0.2
C
10.0.0.3
:a1
:c1
D
10.0.0.4
:d1
B
10.0.0.5
:b1
Red 10.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Envo A -> B
GSyC - 2011
13
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas vecinas
Envo de A a B
Datagrama IP
A
10.0.0.2
:a1
C
10.0.0.3
Solicitud :a1
10.0.0.2
10.0.0.5
:c1
D
10.0.0.4
:d1
B
10.0.0.5
:b1
Red 10.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Envo A -> B
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
Cach ARP en A
IP
GSyC - 2011
Ethernet
Interfaz
14
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas vecinas
Envo de A a B
Cach ARP en B
Datagrama IP
A
10.0.0.2
C
10.0.0.3
:a1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
B
10.0.0.5
D
10.0.0.4
:c1
:b1
:d1
Red 10.0.0.0
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
:a1
10.0.0.2
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Envo A -> B
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
Cach ARP en A
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
Mscara 255.255.255.0
10.0.0.5
GSyC - 2011
15
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas vecinas
Envo de A a B
Cach ARP en B
Datagrama IP
A
10.0.0.2
C
10.0.0.3
:a1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
D
10.0.0.4
:c1
:d1
B
10.0.0.5
:b1
Red 10.0.0.0
:a1
:b1
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
Cach ARP en A
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.5
:b1
eth0
GSyC - 2011
:a1
10.0.0.2
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Envo A -> B
IP
10.0.0.5
16
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas vecinas
Envo de A a B
A
10.0.0.2
C
10.0.0.3
Datagrama IP
B
10.0.0.5
D
10.0.0.4
:a1
:b1 :a1
:c1
IP
:b1
:d1
Red 10.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Envo A -> B
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
Cach ARP en A
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.5
:b1
eth0
GSyC - 2011
17
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas vecinas
Envo de B a A
Cach ARP en B
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
A
10.0.0.2
B
10.0.0.5
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.5 10.0.0.2
:a1
:b1
:a1
:b1
IP
Red 10.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Tabla de encaminamiento en B
GSyC - 2011
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
18
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Contenidos
Datagramas IP
Direcciones IP
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas vecinas
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas NO vecinas
IP e ICMP: traceroute
GSyC - 2011
19
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
A
10.0.0.2
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 datos
:a1
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1
eth0: 10.0.0.1
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
E
10.0.1.2
GSyC - 2011
20
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
Datagrama IP
A
10.0.0.2
:a1
Solicitud :a1
10.0.0.2
10.0.0.1
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1
eth0: 10.0.0.1
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
0.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
E
10.0.1.2
Cach ARP en A
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.5
:b1
eth0
GSyC - 2011
21
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
Datagrama IP
A
10.0.0.2
:a1
:a1
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
10.0.0.2
10.0.0.1
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1 eth0: 10.0.0.1
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
0.0.0.0
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.5
:b1
eth0
GSyC - 2011
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
E
10.0.1.2
Cach ARP en A
IP
Mscara 255.255.255.0
22
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
Datagrama IP
A
10.0.0.2
:a1
:a1
:f1
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
10.0.0.1
:a1
10.0.0.2
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1
eth0: 10.0.0.1
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
0.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
E
10.0.1.2
Cach ARP en A
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.5
:b1
eth0
10.0.0.1
:f1
eth0
GSyC - 2011
23
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
A
10.0.0.2
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 datos
:a1
:f1
:a1
IP
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1 eth0: 10.0.0.1
Tabla de encaminamiento en A
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
0.0.0.0
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.5
:b1
eth0
10.0.0.1
:f1
eth0
GSyC - 2011
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
E
10.0.1.2
Cach ARP en A
IP
Mscara 255.255.255.0
24
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
A
10.0.0.2
:a1
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1 eth0: 10.0.0.1
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 datos
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
E
10.0.1.2
GSyC - 2011
25
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
A
10.0.0.2
Cach ARP en router
:a1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1 eth0: 10.0.0.1
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 datos
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
Tabla de encaminamiento en router
GSyC - 2011
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
Interfaz
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth0
10.0.1.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth1
E
10.0.1.2
26
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
A
10.0.0.2
Cach ARP en router
:a1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
Red 10.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 datos
:f2
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
:f2
Red 10.0.1.0
eth1: 10.0.1.1
10.0.1.1
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
10.0.1.2
E
10.0.1.2
Gateway
Mscara
Interfaz
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth0
Cach ARP en E
10.0.1.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.1.1
:f2
eth0
GSyC - 2011
27
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
A
10.0.0.2
Cach ARP en router
:a1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
10.0.1.2
:e1
eth1
Red 10.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 datos
:f2
:f2
:e1
Red 10.0.1.0
eth1: 10.0.1.1
10.0.1.2
:f2
Mscara 255.255.255.0
10.0.1.1
E
10.0.1.2
GSyC - 2011
:e1
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
Interfaz
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth0
Cach ARP en E
10.0.1.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.1.1
:f2
eth0
28
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de A a E
A
10.0.0.2
Cach ARP en router
:a1
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
10.0.1.2
:e1
eth1
Datagrama IP
10.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 datos
:f2
:e1
:f2
IP
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Red 10.0.0.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
E
10.0.1.2
Gateway
Mscara
Interfaz
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth0
10.0.1.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth1
GSyC - 2011
29
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de E a A
A
10.0.0.2
:a1
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1 eth0: 10.0.0.1
:f2 eth1: 10.0.1.1
Datagrama IP
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
:f2
:e1
IP
Tabla de encaminamiento en E
GSyC - 2011
E
10.0.1.2
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
Interfaz
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.1.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth0
10.0.1.1
:f2
eth0
0.0.0.0
10.0.1.1
0.0.0.0
eth0
30
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre m
aquinas NO vecinas
Envo de E a A
A
10.0.0.2
Datagrama IP
:a1
:a1
:f1
IP
IP
Ethernet
Interfaz
10.0.0.2
:a1
eth0
10.0.1.2
:e1
eth1
Red 10.0.0.0
:f1 eth0: 10.0.0.1
:f2
eth1: 10.0.1.1
Mscara 255.255.255.0
Red 10.0.1.0
Mscara 255.255.255.0
:e1
Tabla de encaminamiento en router
Destino
Gateway
Mscara
Interfaz
10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth0
10.0.1.0
0.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
eth1
GSyC - 2011
E
10.0.1.2
31
IP e ICMP: traceroute
Contenidos
Datagramas IP
Direcciones IP
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas vecinas
IP y ARP: Comunicaci
on entre maquinas NO vecinas
IP e ICMP: traceroute
GSyC - 2011
32
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
"#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
!$#
12.0.0.1
14.0.0.4
!"#
!&#
11.0.0.1
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
15.0.0.3
A enva un datagrama al destino con TTL 1 (enva 3 datagramas, pero lo veremos con 1 por simplicidad).
GSyC - 2011
33
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
"#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
14.0.0.4
!"#
!&#
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
$#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$$%&%&%$"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
!$#
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!"./"
')"
2+=)# >?/+,)#
$$"
&"
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
R1 enva un ICMP de TTL excedido al origen del datagrama, y A muestra la IP de origen de ese ICMP (R1).
GSyC - 2011
34
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2
$$%&%&%$&"
,!#-,-.!"-36-.7-3"
$'%&%&%$&"
("
))*)+"
,!#-,-.!"/0"
,!#-,-.!"120"
2!345"120"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
14.0.0.4
!"#
!&#
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
!$#
11.0.0.1
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
15.0.0.3
GSyC - 2011
35
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
11.0.0.10
#"
%#
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!"#
!$#
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
14.0.0.4
&#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
15.0.0.3
GSyC - 2011
36
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
14.0.0.4
&#
!"#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
=#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$(%&%&%("
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
!$#
$$%&%&%$&"
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
2+>)# ?@/+,)#
')"
$$"
+!#,+,-!"./"
&"
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
R3 enva un ICMP de TTL excedido al origen del datagrama, por la ruta que le indica su tabla.
GSyC - 2011
37
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
<#
14.0.0.4
&#
!"#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
=#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$(%&%&%("
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
!$#
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!"./"
'("
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
2+>)# ?@/+,)#
$$"
&"
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
R1 reenva el ICMP, tras decrementar el TTL. A muestra la IP del ICMP recibido (R3).
GSyC - 2011
38
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
("
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
<#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
"%67676%#
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
14.0.0.4
!"#
!&#
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
!$#
11.0.0.1
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
"%676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"=676767#
">67676&#
GSyC - 2011
39
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3
$$%&%&%$&"
,!#-,-.!"-36-.7-3"
$'%&%&%$&"
("
))*)+"
,!#-,-.!"/0"
,!#-,-.!"120"
2!345"120"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
11.0.0.10
#"
<#
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!"#
!$#
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
14.0.0.4
?#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
"%676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"=676767#
">67676&#
GSyC - 2011
40
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
<#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
"%67676%#
?#
!"#
11.0.0.1
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
!$#
14.0.0.4
@#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
"%676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"=676767#
">67676&#
GSyC - 2011
41
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
#"
"7#
<#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
?#
!"#
14.0.0.4
@#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$)%&%&%)"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
!$#
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!"./"
')"
"%676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"=676767#
">67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
2+A)# BC/+,)#
$$"
&"
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
R4 enva un ICMP de TTL excedido al origen del datagrama, por la ruta que le indica su tabla (por R2!).
GSyC - 2011
42
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#!$#
!"
""#
"7#
<#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!$#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$)%&%&%)"
$$%&%&%$&"
#"
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.4
@#
13.0.0.1
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
7676767#
"&676767#
14.0.0.2
?#
!"#
"$676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"=676767#
">67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
2+A)# BC/+,)#
'("
$$"
+!#,+,-!"./"
&"
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
R2 reenva el ICMP, tras decrementar el TTL, por la ruta que le indica su tabla.
GSyC - 2011
43
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
""#
"7#
<#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#!$#
11.0.0.1
"$#
!$#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$)%&%&%)"
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!"./"
'7"
#"
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.4
@#
13.0.0.1
"%67676%#
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
7676767#
"&676767#
14.0.0.2
?#
!"#
"$676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"=676767#
">67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
">676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
2+A)# BC/+,)#
$$"
&"
+!#,+,-!".+8/"
1!234".+8/"
R1 reenva el ICMP, tras decrementar el TTL. A muestra la IP del ICMP recibido (R4).
GSyC - 2011
44
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
("
))()*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#!$#
!"
"%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
7676767#
"&676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
14.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
14.0.0.4
!"#
!&#
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
!$#
"$676767#
11.0.0.1
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
#"
16.0.0.10
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
GSyC - 2011
45
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
("
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#!$#
!"
11.0.0.10
"%#
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!"#
!$#
"$676767#
7676767#
"&676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
14.0.0.2
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.4
"&#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
#"
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
GSyC - 2011
46
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4
$$%&%&%$&"
,!#-,-.!"-36-.7-3"
$'%&%&%$&"
("
))*)+"
,!#-,-.!"/0"
,!#-,-.!"120"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
2!345"120"
289:8#/-#!$#
!"
"%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!"#
"$676767#
7676767#
"&676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
!$#
14.0.0.4
"=#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
!%#
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.2
"&#
13.0.0.3
#"
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
GSyC - 2011
47
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#!$#
!"
11.0.0.10
"%#
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!"#
!$#
"&#
"$676767#
7676767#
"&676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
14.0.0.2
"=#
13.0.0.3
!%#
"<#
!&#
16.0.0.4
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
16.0.0.10
14.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
#"
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
GSyC - 2011
48
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#A#
289:8#/-#!$#
!"
"%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!$#
"&676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
"<#
!&#
16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$'%&%&%$&"
$$%&%&%$&"
#"
"<676767#
7676767#
7676767#
"<67676&#
16.0.0.10
"B#
14.0.0.4
"=#
13.0.0.1
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
7676767#
14.0.0.2
"&#
!"#
"$676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
2+>)# ?@/+,)#
')"
("
+!#,+,-!"./"
("
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
GSyC - 2011
49
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#A#
289:8#/-#!$#
!"
"C#
"%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
11.0.0.1
!"#
7676767#
"&676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
14.0.0.2
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16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
13.0.0.3
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15.0.0.3
$'%&%&%$&"
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!"./"
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"%676767#
#"
7676767#
7676767#
"<67676&#
16.0.0.10
"B#
14.0.0.4
"=#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
"$676767#
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"=67676&#
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"&676767#
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""676767#
"&67676$#
2+>)# ?@/+,)#
("
("
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
R4 reenva el ICMP, tras decrementar el TTL, por la ruta que le indica su tabla.
GSyC - 2011
50
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
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1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#A#
289:8#/-#!$#
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11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
"%67676%#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
"<#
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16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$'%&%&%$&"
$$%&%&%$&"
#"
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16.0.0.10
"B#
14.0.0.4
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13.0.0.1
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
7676767#
"&676767#
14.0.0.2
!$#
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11.0.0.1
"$676767#
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""676767#
"%67676"#
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"=67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
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2+>)# ?@/+,)#
'7"
("
+!#,+,-!"./"
("
+!#,+,-!".+8/"
1!234".+8/"
R2 reenva el ICMP, tras decrementar el TTL, por la ruta que le indica su tabla.
GSyC - 2011
51
IP e ICMP: traceroute
(4-*5)##
/-01.)#
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$ traceroute 16.0.0.10
1 11.0.0.1
2 13.0.0.3
3 14.0.0.4
4 16.0.0.10
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
$'%&%&%$&"
$"
(()(*"
+!#,+,-!"./"
+!#,+,-!"01/"
289:8#/-#;#
""676767#
7676767#
7676767#
""67676"#
!"
"D#
"C#
"%#
11.0.0.10
12.0.0.2
12.0.0.1
289:8#/-#!"#
""676767#
7676767#
"$676767#
7676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
1!234"01/"
289:8#/-#A#
289:8#/-#!$#
11.0.0.1
$7#
!"#
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"&676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"$67676"#
14.0.0.2
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16.0.0.4
15.0.0.4
13.0.0.3
!%#
289:8#/-#!%#
15.0.0.3
'(#)*+,-.# '(#/-01.)#223#
$'%&%&%$&"
$$%&%&%$&"
+!#,+,-!"./"
'$"
#"
7676767#
7676767#
"<67676&#
16.0.0.10
"B#
14.0.0.4
13.0.0.1
"%67676%#
+!#,+,-!",25,-6,2"
"$676767#
"<676767#
"%676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"%67676"#
"<676767#
"=67676&#
289:8#/-#!&#
"&676767#
7676767#
"=676767#
7676767#
"<676767#
7676767#
""676767#
"&67676$#
2+>)# ?@/+,)#
("
("
+!#,+,-!".+7/"
1!234".+7/"
R1 reenva el ICMP, tras decrementar el TTL. A muestra la IP del ICMP recibido (B) y termina al ser el destino.
GSyC - 2011
52