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Number 6001
Introduction
2U
U
U
In applications requiring a unipolar AC voltage sig0
0
nal, the signal may be delivered from a bi-polar
t
t
T
voltage amplifier/generator and repositioned rela-U
tive to a zero volt reference (an earth ground) usT
ing a voltage level shifting circuit. In addition, the
voltage level shifting technique is frequently used
to generate high voltage DC outputs from lower
Figure 2: Shifted signal.
voltage AC sources. The maximum voltage (AC
The steady state current drawn from the AC
or DC) produced at the output of a single stage of
source
(amplifier, for example) follows the depenthe level shifting circuit is nominally equal to the
dency:
peak-to-peak value of the AC signal delivered by
C1 C2 dU
the amplifier/generator.
(1)
I=
C1 + C2 dt
For a sinusoidal AC voltage input
AC voltage shifting
U = U sin (2ft)
(2)
C1
C2
amplifier
(AC source)
load
TREK, INC.
Lockport, NY 14094
Example
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Number 6001
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voltage across C1
voltage, V
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voltage across C2
voltage, V
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current, mA
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time, s
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Figure 3: Simulation results for the circuit shown in Figure 1, where f=100 Hz, C1=C2=63 nF.
When considering a choice of capacitors for
the voltage shifting circuit, two factors have to
be taken into account: total capacitance of C1
C1C2
and C2 connected in series( C1+C2
), and the ratio
of a capacitive divider formed by both capacitors
C1
). It is important to pay attention on the volt( C1+C2
age rating of the capacitors.
The frequency of the input voltage signal also influences choice of capacitors. For example, if the
frequency is changed from 100 Hz to 1 kHz, the
current drawn from the source multiplies by the
factor of 10 (Figure 5). Capacitor values have to
be lowered by the factor of 10 to get back to the
20 mA current level.
DC voltage generation
+ D.C.
amplifier
(AC source)
The output voltage Uout from the capacitive divider is maximized for C1>>C2. For example, let
C1=12,000 nF and C2=1 nF. Results of a simulation with these C1 and C2 values are shown in
Figure 6.
C
D
TREK, INC. 190 Walnut Street Lockport, NY 14094 Tel: (716) 438-7555
Call: 1 800 FOR TREK FAX: (716) 201-1804
Copyright 2013 TREK, INC.
page 2 of 5
Number 6001
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voltage across C1
voltage, V
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1000
0
1000
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voltage across C2
voltage, V
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0
1000
2000
current, mA
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
time, s
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
Figure 4: Simulation results for the circuit shown in Figure 1, where f=100 Hz, C1=31.5 nF, C2=63 nF.
D
- D.C.
amplifier
(AC source)
n * 2U
2U
-U
T
0408/MAN Rev. 2
Web: www.trekinc.com
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Number 6001
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voltage across C1
voltage, V
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0
1000
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voltage across C2
voltage, V
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1000
0
1000
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current, mA
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
time, s
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.01
Figure 5: Simulation results for the circuit shown in Figure 1, where f=1000 Hz, C1=C2=63 nF.
the circuit. The DC output voltage has an AC voltage ripple U (Figure 10) given by equation [1]:
n * 2U
no load
U
with load
U =
I n (n + 1)
,
fC
4
(5)
T=1/f
I
U =
fC
2n3 n
3 6
Lockport, NY 14094
(6)
References
Tel:
E-mail: sales@trekinc.com
0408/MAN Rev. 2
(716) 438-7555
Web: www.trekinc.com
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Number 6001
voltage across C1
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voltage, V
voltage, V
input voltage
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voltage across C2
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current, mA
voltage, V
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current, mA
current through C1
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2
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0.02
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0.08
time, s
C1=12000 nF, C2=1 nF, f=100 Hz
0.1
Figure 6: Simulation results for f=1000 Hz, C1=12000 nF, C2=1 nF.
0408/MAN Rev. 2
Web: www.trekinc.com
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